uk

engineering
1
1.1 GENERAL

JAR 66 CATEGORY B1 CONVERSION COURSE MODULE 5 DIGITAL TECHNIQUES ELECTRONIC INSTRUMENT SYSTEMS

MODULE 5.11 ELECTRONIC DISPLAYS

ELECTRONIC DISPLAYS

With the intr !"#ti n $ !i%it&' (i%n&')*r #e((in% te#hn ' %+, it h&( -e# .e * ((i-'e $ r !r&(ti# #h&n%e( t - th /"&ntit&ti0e &n! /"&'it&ti0e !&t& !i(*'&+ .eth !(1 Thi( te#hn ' %+ h&( en&-'e! the (i.*'i$i#&ti n $ .&n+ $'i%ht !e#2) in(tr".ent '&+ "t(, &'' 3in% the re*'&#e.ent $ # .*'e4 &n&' %"e in(tr".ent( 3ith (t&te $ the &rt !i%it&' in(tr".ent&ti n1 Thi( 5G'&(( C #2*it5 # n#e*t h&( &'' 3e! .&n+ in(tr".ent( t -e re*'&#e! -+ ne TV t+*e !i(*'&+ th&t #&n !i(*'&+ & '&r%e &n! 0&rie! r&n%e $ in$ r.&ti n &( re/"ire!1 There &re three !i$$erent .eth !( $ r !i(*'&+in% !i%it&' !&t&, the(e &re6 11 91 :1 Li%ht)E.ittin% Di !e( 7LED81 Li/"i! Cr+(t&' Di(*'&+ 7LCD81 C&th !e R&+ T"-e 7CRT81

1.2 DISPLAY CONFIGURATIONS Di(*'&+( $ LED &n! LCD t+*e( &re "("&''+ 'i.ite! t the &**'i#&ti n in 3hi#h & (in%'e re%i(ter $ &'*h&n".eri# 0&'"e( i( re/"ire!, &n! &re -&(e! n the (e0en (e%.ent r the ! t .&tri4 # n$i%"r&ti n1 CRT t+*e !i(*'&+( h&0e & 3i!er "(e &n! #&n !i(*'&+ n&0i%&ti n, en%ine *er$ r.&n#e &n! (+(te. (t&t"( in$ r.&ti n1 T&-'e 1 (h 3( the !i$$erent &**'i#&ti n( $ r e'e#tr ni# !i(*'&+(1 Di(*'&+ T+*e Li%ht)E.ittin% Di !e Li/"i! Cr+(t&' Di(*'&+ C&th !e R&+ T"-e A**'i#&ti n Di%it&' # "nter !i(*'&+( $ en%ine *er$ r.&n#e1 M nit rin% in!i#&t r(; R&!i $re/"en#+ (e'e#t r in!i#&t r(; Di(t&n#e Me&("rin% in!i#&t r(; C ntr ' !i(*'&+ "nit( $ Inerti&' N&0i%&ti n S+(te.(, et#1 We&ther r&!&r in!i#&t r(; !i(*'&+ $ n&0i%&ti n&' !&t&; en%ine *er$ r.&n#e !&t&; (+(te. (t&t"(;

E'e#tr ni# Di(*'&+ A**'i#&ti n( T&-'e1

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engineering

JAR 66 CATEGORY B1 CONVERSION COURSE MODULE 5 DIGITAL TECHNIQUES ELECTRONIC INSTRUMENT SYSTEMS

MODULE 5.11 ELECTRONIC DISPLAYS

<i%"re 1 (h 3( & t+*i#&' $'i%ht)!e#2 in(tr".ent *&ne' &n! the !i$$erent t+*e( $ !i(*'&+ "(e!1

LED DISPLAYS

CRT DISPLAYS

LCD DISPLAYS

BAe 1=6 E'e#tr ni# In(tr".ent L&+ "t <i%"re 1

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1.2.1 SEGMENT DISPLAYS

JAR 66 CATEGORY B1 CONVERSION COURSE MODULE 5 DIGITAL TECHNIQUES ELECTRONIC INSTRUMENT SYSTEMS

MODULE 5.11 ELECTRONIC DISPLAYS

Se0en)(e%.ent # n$i%"r&ti n 3i'' &'' 3 the !i(*'&+ $ !e#i.&' n".-er( >)?; it &'( h&( the #&*&-i'it+ t !i(*'&+ #ert&in &'*h&-eti# #h&r&#ter(1 T !i(*'&+ &'' &'*h&-eti# #h&r&#ter( re/"ire( &n in#re&(e in the n".-er $ (e%.ent( $r . (e0en t thirteen, &n! in ( .e #&(e( (i4teen (e%.ent(1 <i%"re 9 (h 3( - th (e0en &n! thirteen (e%.ent !i(*'&+ # n$i%"r&ti n(1

SEVEN)SEGMENT CON<IGURATION

THIRTEEN)SEGMENT CON<IGURATION

Se0en &n! Thirteen Se%.ent Di(*'&+ < r.&t( <i%"re 9

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engineering

JAR 66 CATEGORY B1 CONVERSION COURSE MODULE 5 DIGITAL TECHNIQUES ELECTRONIC INSTRUMENT SYSTEMS

MODULE 5.11 ELECTRONIC DISPLAYS

In the ! t .&tri4 !i(*'&+ the *&ttern( %ener&te! $ r e&#h in!i0i!"&' #h&r&#ter i( .&!e "* $ & (*e#i$i# n".-er $ i''".in&te! ! t( &rr&n%e! in # '".n( &n! r 3(1 <i%"re : (h 3( the &rr&n%e.ent $ r & = @ A # n$i%"r&ti n 7= # '".n( &n! A r 3(81

A ROWS

= COLUMNS

D t M&tri4 C n$i%"r&ti n <i%"re :

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engineering

JAR 66 CATEGORY B1 CONVERSION COURSE MODULE 5 DIGITAL TECHNIQUES ELECTRONIC INSTRUMENT SYSTEMS

MODULE 5.11 ELECTRONIC DISPLAYS

1.3 LIGHT-EMITTING DIODE (LEDS) One $ the . (t # .. n 'i%ht ( "r#e( "(e! in e'e#tr ni#( i( the BLi%ht E.ittin% Di !eC 7LED81 A LED i( & t3 ter.in&' (e.i# n!"#t r !e0i#e # .*ri(in% & *)n D"n#ti n, 3hi#h # n!"#t( in ne !ire#ti n n'+1 Thi( (e.i# n!"#t r .&teri&' e.it( 'i%ht 3hen the *)n D"n#ti n i( $ r3&r! -i&(e! &n! & #"rrent i( $' 3in% thr "%h it1 LED( #&n -e .&n"$&#t"re! t e.it 0i(i-'e r in0i(i-'e 7in$r&)re!8 'i%ht1 Vi(i-'e LED( &re $ten "(e! &( in!i#&t r( in e'e#tr ni# e/"i*.ent either (in%'+, $ r in!i#&tin% E* 3er nF $ r in(t&n#e, r in &rr&+( $ r &'*h&Gn".eri# !i(*'&+(1 LED( &re re'i&-'e &n! h&0e & 0er+ ' n% 'i$e i$ tre&te! #&re$"''+1 Li%ht e.i((i n in !i$$erent # ' "r( $ the (*e#tr". #&n, 3hen re/"ire!, -e -t&ine! -+ 0&r+in% the *r * rti n( $ the e'e.ent( # .*ri(in% the #hi*, &n! &'( -+ & te#hni/"e $ 5! *in%5 3ith ther e'e.ent(, i1e1 nitr %en1 C"rrent # n(".*ti n 7t+*i#&''+ &- "t 5 H 9> .A8 %ener&''+ 'i.it( the "(e$"'ne(( $ & LED t e/"i*.ent th&t i( n t -&tter+ * 3ere!1
1.3.1 OPERATION

The *hen .en n 3hi#h re("'t( in the e.i((i n $ 'i%ht $r . & LED i( #&''e! BE'e#tr '".ine(#en#eC, r BInDe#ti n L".ine(#en#eC, &n! i( !"e t the h 'eGe'e#tr n re# .-in&ti n( th&t t&2e *'&#e ne&r & $ r3&r! -i&(e! *)n D"n#ti n1 When e'e#tr n( &re inDe#te! int the n re%i n $ & *)n !i !e &n! &re (3e*t thr "%h the re%i n ne&r the D"n#ti n, the+ re# .-ine 3ith h 'e( in the re%i n1 Thi( %ener&te( e'e#tr .&%neti# 3&0e( $ & $re/"en#+ !eter.ine! -+ the !i$$eren#e in the ener%+ 'e0e'( $ the e'e#tr n &n! the h 'e1 In r!er $ r thi( re# .-in&ti n t re("'t in '".ine(#en#e, there ."(t -e & net #h&n%e in the ener%+ 'e0e'(, &n! the *r t n %ener&te! ."(t n t -e re#&*t"re! in the .&teri&'1 <i%"re = (h 3( the *er&ti n $ & LED1

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engineering

JAR 66 CATEGORY B1 CONVERSION COURSE MODULE 5 DIGITAL TECHNIQUES ELECTRONIC INSTRUMENT SYSTEMS

MODULE 5.11 ELECTRONIC DISPLAYS

BIAS

RECOMBINATIONS

p
JUNCTION

n
INJECTED ELECTRONS

CONTACT

LED O*er&ti n <i%"re =

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engineering

JAR 66 CATEGORY B1 CONVERSION COURSE MODULE 5 DIGITAL TECHNIQUES ELECTRONIC INSTRUMENT SYSTEMS

MODULE 5.11 ELECTRONIC DISPLAYS

<i%"re 5 (h 3( the # n(tr"#ti n $ & LED1

LED

CHIP

ANODE

CATHODE

Li%ht)E.ittin% Di !e 7LED8 <i%"re 5

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engineering

JAR 66 CATEGORY B1 CONVERSION COURSE MODULE 5 DIGITAL TECHNIQUES ELECTRONIC INSTRUMENT SYSTEMS

MODULE 5.11 ELECTRONIC DISPLAYS

In & t+*i#&' (e0en)(e%.ent !i(*'&+ $ r.&t it i( "("&' t e.*' + ne LED *er (e%.ent &n! . "nt it 3ithin & re$'e#ti0e #&0it+ 3ith & *'&(ti# 0er'&+ &n! & !i$$"(er *'&te1 The (e%.ent( &re $ r.e! &( & (e&'e! inte%r&te! #ir#"it *&#21 The # nne#tin% *in( $ the LED( &re ( '!ere! t &n &(( #i&te! *rinte! #ir#"it - &r!1 De*en!in% n the &**'i#&ti n &n! the n".-er $ !i%it( # .*ri(in% the &**r *ri&te /"&ntit&ti0e !i(*'&+, the+ 3i'' "(e either in!e*en!ent !i%it *&#2(, r # .-ine! ."'ti*'e !i%it *&#2( .&+ -e "(e!1 <i%"re 6 (h 3( &n LED (in%'e !i%it *&#2 # n(tr"#ti n1

REFLECTIVE CAVITIES

DIFFUSER PLATE

LED's

EFFECTIVE SEGMENT HEIGHT

CIRCUIT OARD

DIGIT PAC!
PLASTIC OVERLAY

LED Di%it I&#2 <i%"re 6 LED( #&n &'( -e "(e! in & ! t).&tri4 # n$i%"r&ti n1 E&#h ! t .&2in% "* the !e#i.&' n".-er( i( &n in!i0i!"&' LED &n! #&n -e &rr&n%e! either in & = @ A r 5

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engineering

JAR 66 CATEGORY B1 CONVERSION COURSE MODULE 5 DIGITAL TECHNIQUES ELECTRONIC INSTRUMENT SYSTEMS

MODULE 5.11 ELECTRONIC DISPLAYS

@ ? # n$i%"r&ti n1 <i%"re A (h 3( &n En%ine S*ee! In!i#&t r, the !i&' * rti n $ the in!i#&t r i( &n &n&' %"e t+*e, h 3e0er it "(e( &n LED ! t).&tri4 # n$i%"r&ti n $ r the !i%it&' re&! "t $ en%ine (*ee!1

DOT MATRI' LED DISPLAY ENGINE SPEED

2" "

#"

N1 & RPM %"

1""

$"

ANALOGUE ENGINE SPEED INDICATOR

Smith's

En%ine S*ee! In!i#&t r <i%"re A The !i%it&' # "nter i( $ "ni/"e !e(i%n in th&t it( (i%n&' !ri0e #ir#"it #&"(e( &n &**&rent 5r ''in%5 e$$e#t $ the !i%it( 3hi#h (i."'&te( the &#ti n $ & .e#h&ni#&' !r".)t+*e # "nter &( it re(* n!( t the #h&n%e( in en%ine (*ee!1

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engineering

JAR 66 CATEGORY B1 CONVERSION COURSE MODULE 5 DIGITAL TECHNIQUES ELECTRONIC INSTRUMENT SYSTEMS

MODULE 5.11 ELECTRONIC DISPLAYS

<i%"re J (h 3( & I 3er I'&nt In(tr".ent Gr "* $r . & B ein% A:A)=>>, 3hi#h h&( - th LED &n! ! t .&tri4, !i(*'&+(1

MAN SET

& RPM
12 1" " 2 # 12 "

6 A9 5 %
$

N
1 *C

1" %

62 A9 5 #
$

# ' ( MATRI' DISPLAY

J= J A

EGT
& RPM

J= J A

LED DISPLAY

1>> =

N
2 '1"""

1>> =

$ )

9A 1
3

" 1 )

FF+FU
!GPH+!G

9A 9 1
3

" 1

PULL TO SET N1

PUSH

FUEL USED

RESET FUEL USED

PULL TO SET N1

B ein% A:A)=>> I 3er I'&nt In(tr".ent Gr "* <i%"re J

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engineering

JAR 66 CATEGORY B1 CONVERSION COURSE MODULE 5 DIGITAL TECHNIQUES ELECTRONIC INSTRUMENT SYSTEMS

MODULE 5.11 ELECTRONIC DISPLAYS

1.# LI,UID CRYSTAL DISPLAY (LCD) Li/"i! Cr+(t&' Di(*'&+( 7LCD8 &re n t &#t"&''+ 'i%ht ( "r#e( ) the+ %ener&te n 'i%ht, .ere'+ $i'terin% in#i!ent 'i%ht, in & # ntr ''e! .&nner1 The LCD( (een in 3&t#he(, #' #2( &n! #&'#"'&t r( et#, &'' 3 r2 -+ the (&.e *rin#i*'e1 T3 tr&n(*&rent -"t # n!"#ti0e *'&te( (&n!3i#h & '&+er $ 'i/"i! #r+(t&'(, 3hi#h n r.&''+ &'' $&#e in the (&.e !ire#ti n1 See <i%"re ?1 In#i!ent 'i%ht *&((e( thr "%h the 'i/"i! #r+(t&'( $ * '&ri(e! *&rti#'e( $&ir'+ e&(i'+, &n! i( re$'e#te! -&#2 thr "%h the #r+(t&'( ( th&t &n -(er0er (ee( & 'i%ht # ' "re! &re&1 H 3e0er, & 0 't&%e &**'ie! &#r (( the *'&te( #&"(e( the 'i/"i! #r+(t&'( t #h&n%e !ire#ti n in &n &tte.*t t re* '&ri(e the.(e'0e( 3ith the &**'ie! 0 't&%e1 A( the+ t"rn, the+ inter&#t 3ith the #"rrent $' 3in% -et3een the *'&te( &n! & (t&te $ t"r-"'en#e i( #re&te!1 The . 0in% *&rti#'e( (#&tter the in#i!ent 'i%ht, r&n! .'+ re$'e#tin% &n! re$r&#tin% it1 Litt'e 'i%ht i( re$'e#te! -&#2 t the -(er0er, ( the &re& -et3een the tr&n(*&rent *'&te( &**e&r( !&r21 Se'e#ti n $ the &re&(, 3hi#h &re t"rne! !&r2 -+ "(in% & n".-er $ *'&te( &n! !i$$erent (h&*e! *'&te(, .e&n( th&t *r&#ti#&''+ &n+ (h&*e $ #h&r&#ter .&+ -e !i(*'&+e!1

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engineering

JAR 66 CATEGORY B1 CONVERSION COURSE MODULE 5 DIGITAL TECHNIQUES ELECTRONIC INSTRUMENT SYSTEMS

MODULE 5.11 ELECTRONIC DISPLAYS

<i%"re ? (h 3( the *er&ti n $ & LCD1

INCIDENT LIGHT

RE<LECTED LIGHT

TRANSIARENT CONDUCTIVE ILATES

INCIDENT LIGHT RE<LECTED LIGHT

TRANSIARENT

OIAQUE

LED O*er&ti n <i%"re ?

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engineering

JAR 66 CATEGORY B1 CONVERSION COURSE MODULE 5 DIGITAL TECHNIQUES ELECTRONIC INSTRUMENT SYSTEMS

MODULE 5.11 ELECTRONIC DISPLAYS

<i%"re 1> (h 3( the (tr"#t"re $ & (e0en)(e%.ent LCD1

LIQUID CRYSTAL LAYER 7TYIICAL SIACING L 1> MICRONS8

SEVEN SEGMENT ELECTRODE

MIRROR IMAGE 7NOT SEGMENTED8

<RONT ILATE

BACK ILATE

SEGMENT CONTACTS COMMON RETURN CONTACT

Se0en)Se%.ent LCD <i%"re 1> The (*&#e -et3een the *'&te( i( $i''e! 3ith & 'i/"i! #r+(t&' # .* "n!, &n! the # .*'ete &((e.-'+ i( her.eti#&''+ (e&'e! 3ith & (*e#i&' ther. *'&(ti# .&teri&' t *re0ent # nt&.in&ti n1 When & ' 3)0 't&%e, ' 3)#"rrent (i%n&' i( &**'ie! t the (e%.ent(, the * '&ri(&ti n $ the # .* "n! i( #h&n%e! t %ether 3ith & #h&n%e in it( *ti#&' &**e&r&n#e $r . tr&n(*&rent t re$'e#ti0e1 The .&%nit"!e $ the *ti#&' #h&n%e i( -&(i#&''+ & .e&("re $ the 'i%ht re$'e#te! $r ., r tr&n(.itte! thr "%h, the (e%.ent &re& t the 'i%ht re$'e#te! $r . the -&#2%r "n! &re&1 Th"(, "n'i2e & LED, it ! e( n t e.it 'i%ht, -"t .ere'+ &#t( n 'i%ht *&((in% thr "%h it1 De*en!in% n the * '&ri(&ti n $i'. rient&ti n, &n! 3hether the !i(*'&+ i( re$'e#ti0e r tr&n(.i((i0e, the (e%.ent .&+ &**e&r !&r2 n & 'i%ht -&#2%r "n! 7("#h &( in !i%it&' 3&t#he( &n! * #2et #&'#"'&t r(8 r 'i%ht n & !&r2 -&#2%r "n!1

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engineering

JAR 66 CATEGORY B1 CONVERSION COURSE MODULE 5 DIGITAL TECHNIQUES ELECTRONIC INSTRUMENT SYSTEMS

MODULE 5.11 ELECTRONIC DISPLAYS

<i%"re 11 (h 3( & BCD t (e0en)(e%.ent !e# !er1

LO- VOLTAGE PO-ER SUPPLY TO EACH SEGMENT

1 2 # %

1 "

" 1

CD TO ( " SEGMENT " 1 DECODER 1 "

" "

BCD H Se0en)Se%.ent !e# !er <i%"re 11

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engineering

JAR 66 CATEGORY B1 CONVERSION COURSE MODULE 5 DIGITAL TECHNIQUES ELECTRONIC INSTRUMENT SYSTEMS

MODULE 5.11 ELECTRONIC DISPLAYS

1.) CATHODE RAY TU E (CRT) Di(*'&+( $ thi( t+*e, 3hi#h &re -&(e! n the e'e#tr n -e&. (#&nnin% te#hni/"e, h&0e -een "(e! in &ir#r&$t $ r .&n+ +e&r(1 The+ 3ere $ir(t "(e! t !i(*'&+ 3e&ther r&!&r in$ r.&ti n &n! h&0e # ntin"e! t -e &n e((enti&' *&rt $ the BA0i ni#( <itC in t !&+F( . !ern &ir#r&$t1 The CRT i( & ther.i ni# !e0i#e, i1e1 ne in 3hi#h e'e#tr n( &re 'i-er&te! &( & re("'t $ he&t ener%+1 It # n(i(t( $ &n e0&#"&te! %'&(( en0e' *e in(i!e 3hi#h &re * (iti ne! &n BE'e#tr n G"nC, BBe&.)< #"(in%C &n! BBe&.)De$'e#ti nC (+(te.1 The in(i!e ("r$&#e $ the (#reen i( # &te! 3ith & #r+(t&''ine ( 'i! .&teri&' 2n 3n &( & *h (*h r1 <i%"re 19 (h 3( & #r (()(e#ti n $ & CRT1

GRAIHITE COATING 7COLLECTS SECONDARY ELECTRONS TO IREVENT SCREEN BECOMING NEGATIVELY CHARGED8

DE<LECTING COILS CATHODE ANODE

HEATER

GRID

GLASS ENVELOIE IERMANENT MAGNETS 7BEAM <OCUSING8

ELECTRON BEAM

SCREEN

C&th !e R&+ T"-e CRT Cr (()Se#ti n <i%"re 19

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engineering
1.).1 ELECTRON GUN

JAR 66 CATEGORY B1 CONVERSION COURSE MODULE 5 DIGITAL TECHNIQUES ELECTRONIC INSTRUMENT SYSTEMS

MODULE 5.11 ELECTRONIC DISPLAYS

The e'e#tr n %"n # n(i(t( $ the $ '' 3in%6 11 C&th !e6 An in!ire#t'+ he&te! #&th !e 7ne%&ti0e'+ -i&(e! 31r1t1 the (#reen81 91 Gri!6 :1 An !e6 A #+'in!ri#&' %ri! ("rr "n!in% the #&th !e1 T3 7( .eti.e( three8 &n !e(1

The #&th !e i( & t"-e $ .et&' #' (e! &t ne en!, 3ith & # &tin% $ .&teri&' th&t 3i'' e.it e'e#tr n( 3hen he&te!, # 0erin% the #' (e! en!1 T *er&te the #&th !e nee!( t -e he&te!; thi( i( &#hie0e! "(in% & # i' $ in("'&te! 3ire # nne#te! t the #&th !e1 Be#&"(e the (#reen $ the CRT # nt&in( # n!"#tin% .&teri&' &t & hi%h 0 't&%e 75 ) 152V8, e'e#tr n( 3i'' -e &ttr&#te! &3&+ $r . the #&th !e1 The $ree e'e#tr n( h&0e t *&(( thr "%h & *inh 'e in & .et&' *'&te 7C ntr ' Gri!81 A'terin% the 0 't&%e $ the %ri! #&n # ntr ' the . 0e.ent $ the e'e#tr n( thr "%h thi( h 'e1 The 0 't&%e $ the %ri! i( &'3&+( ne%&ti0e 31r1t1 C&th !e1 The $ree e'e#tr n( &re then $ r.e! int & -e&. -+ the &#ti n $ the $ir(t &n !e1 The &n !e i( $ & #+'in!ri#&' (h&*e &n! -+ &!D"(tin% the 0 't&%e n the &n !e, the -e&. #&n -e .&!e t # .e t & (.&'' * int &t the (#reen en! $ the CRT1 The (#reen en! $ the CRT i( # &te! 3ith & .&teri&' #&''e! & BIh (*h rC, 3hi#h 3i'' %' 3 3hen (tr"#2 -+ e'e#tr n(1 The *h (*h r i( "("&''+ # &te! 3ith & thin $i'. $ &'".in". ( th&t it #&n -e # nne#te! t the $in&' &##e'er&tin% 7&n !e8 0 't&%e1 The 3h 'e t"-e i( $ r.e! &( & 0&#"".1

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engineering

JAR 66 CATEGORY B1 CONVERSION COURSE MODULE 5 DIGITAL TECHNIQUES ELECTRONIC INSTRUMENT SYSTEMS

MODULE 5.11 ELECTRONIC DISPLAYS

<i%"re 1: (h 3( the t+*i#&' 0 't&%e( "(e! in & (.&'' CRT1

CONNECTED TO CONDUCTIVE COATING ON GLASS

CATHODE GRID HEATER <IRST ANODE SECOND ANODE

>V

)5>V

M:>>V

M5 2V

CRT V 't&%e( <i%"re 1:

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engineering

JAR 66 CATEGORY B1 CONVERSION COURSE MODULE 5 DIGITAL TECHNIQUES ELECTRONIC INSTRUMENT SYSTEMS

MODULE 5.11 ELECTRONIC DISPLAYS

Thi( &rr&n%e.ent 3i'' *r !"#e & * int $ 'i%ht &t the #entre $ the (#reen, -"t t .&2e the CRT "(e$"' $ r !i(*'&+in% !&t&, thi( -e&. $ e'e#tr n( ."(t -e &-'e t -e . 0e! &r "n! the (#reen1 < r thi(, t3 (et( $ .et&' *'&te( &re "(e! &n! i$ & 0 't&%e i( *&((e! thr "%h the., then the -e&. 3i'' !e$'e#t n the (#reen1 The(e *'&te( &re #&''e! BDe$'e#ti n I'&te(C1 The(e *'&te( &re &rr&n%e! &t ri%ht &n%'e( t e&#h ther1 The -e&. #&n -e !e$'e#te! i$ & 0 't&%e i( &**'ie! t the(e *'&te(; thi( i( #&''e! BE'e#tr (t&ti#C !e$'e#ti n1 M 0e.ent $ the -e&. 'e$tGri%ht i( # ntr ''e! -+ the B@C I'&te(, 3ith the BYC I'&te( # ntr ''in% . 0e.ent "*G! 3n1 <i%"re 1= (h 3( the &rr&n%e.ent $ r the !e$'e#ti n *'&te(1

Y DE<LECTION ILATES

ANODE

@ DE<LECTION ILATES

@ &n! Y De$'e#ti n I'&te( <i%"re 1=

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engineering

JAR 66 CATEGORY B1 CONVERSION COURSE MODULE 5 DIGITAL TECHNIQUES ELECTRONIC INSTRUMENT SYSTEMS

MODULE 5.11 ELECTRONIC DISPLAYS

The ther .eth ! "(e! $ r !e$'e#ti n i( E'e#tr .&%neti#1 Thi( .eth ! i( "(e! $ r TV, # .*"ter . nit r( &n! . (t &ir#r&$t CRT !i(*'&+(1 A( &n e'e#tr n . 0e(, it # n(tit"te( &n e'e#tri# #"rrent, &n! ( & .&%neti# $ie'! 3i'' e4i(t &r "n! it in the (&.e 3&+ &( & $ie'! &r "n! & #"rrent)#&rr+in% # n!"#t r1 In the (&.e 3&+ th&t & # n!"#t r 3i'' e4*erien#e & !e$'e#tin% $ r#e 3hen *'&#e! in & *er.&nent .&%neti# $ie'!, ( &n e'e#tr n -e&. #&n -e $ r#e! t . 0e 3hen ("-De#te! t e'e#tr .&%neti# $ie'!( &#tin% &#r (( the (*&#e 3ithin the t"-e1 C i'( &re there$ re *r 0i!e! &r "n! the ne#2 $ the t"-e, &n! &re # n$i%"re! ( th&t $ie'!( &re *r !"#e! h riN nt&''+ 7Y)&4i( $ie'!8 &n! 0erti#&''+ 7@)&4i( $ie'!81 The # i'( &re # nne#te! t the (i%n&' ( "r#e( 3h (e 0&ri&-'e( &re t -e !i(*'&+e!1 The e'e#tr n -e&. #&n -e !e$'e#te! t the 'e$t r ri%ht, "* r ! 3n r &' n% & re("'t&nt !ire#ti n !e*en!in% n the * '&ritie( *r !"#e! -+ the # i'(, &n! n 3hether ne &' ne i( ener%i(e!, r - th &re ener%i(e! (i."'t&ne "('+1 <i%"re 15 (h 3( e'e#tr .&%neti# # i' # n$i%"r&ti n &n! re("'t&nt !e$'e#ti n(1
MAGNETIC <IELD

N
NECK O< THE TUBE

ELECTRON BEAM COMING OUT O< THE IAIER

S
VERTICALLY DISIOSED MAGNETIC COIL IRODUCES HORIOONTAL DE<LECTION O< THE BEAM

HORIOONTALLY DISIOSED MAGNETIC COIL IRODUCES VERTICAL DE<LECTION O< THE BEAM

RESULTANT DE<LECTION O< THE BEAM

E'e#tr .&%neti# De$'e#ti n <i%"re 15

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JAR 66 CATEGORY B1 CONVERSION COURSE MODULE 5 DIGITAL TECHNIQUES ELECTRONIC INSTRUMENT SYSTEMS

MODULE 5.11 ELECTRONIC DISPLAYS

The most common form of deflection for CRT is a Linear Sweep. This means that the beam is taken across the screen at a steady rate from one edge to the other, and is then ret rned !ery rapidly "an action called #ly $ack%. To generate s ch a linear sweep in electrostatic deflection, a Saw&tooth 'a!eform is sed. . #ig re () shows a Saw&tooth 'a!eform.

CURRENT

RAMI OR SWEEI

<LYBACK

TIME

S&3)t

th W&0e$ r. <i%"re 16

The (&3t th 0 't&%e 3&0e$ r. !eri0e! $ r the e'e#tr (t&ti# ti.e -&(e i( n "(e $ r e'e#tr .&%neti# # i' !e$'e#ti n -e#&"(e & 0 't&%e (&3t th 3i'' n t *r !"#e & 'ine&r ri(e $ #"rrent thr "%h the !e$'e#ti n # i'(1 A *r&#ti#&' !e$'e#ti n, r (#&n # i', 3i'' h&0e re(i(t&n#e &( 3e'' &( in!"#t&n#e1 The 0 't&%e &#r (( the re(i(t&n#e $ & # i' BRC i( *r * rti n&' t the #"rrent thr "%h it1 A 'ine&r #"rrent r&.* in & re(i(t&n#e #&n n'+ -e *r !"#e! -+ & (te&!i'+ ri(in% 0 't&%e1 In!"#t r 0 't&%e i( *r * rti n&' t the r&te $ #h&n%e $ #"rrent &n! (in#e the r&te $ #h&n%e $ #"rrent i( # n(t&nt, then the 0 't&%e &#r (( the in!"#t r ."(t &'( -e # n(t&nt1 A # n(t&nt &**'ie! 0 't&%e, there$ re, 3i'' *r !"#e & 'ine&r #"rrent r&.* in &n in!"#t r1 T *r 0i!e $ r - th re(i(t&n#e &n! in!"#t&n#e, the 0 't&%e &**'ie! t the (#&n # i'( t *r !"#e & 'ine&r #"rrent r&.* ."(t -e & # n(t&nt 0&'"e $ r the in!"#t&n#e &n! & 0 't&%e r&.* $ r the re(i(t&n#e, %i0in% the !i(tin#ti0e BTr&*eN i!&'C (h&*e1 <i%"re 1A (h 3( the (#&n # i' %r&*h( $ r e'e#tr .&%neti# !e$'e#ti n1

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JAR 66 CATEGORY B1 CONVERSION COURSE MODULE 5 DIGITAL TECHNIQUES ELECTRONIC INSTRUMENT SYSTEMS

MODULE 5.11 ELECTRONIC DISPLAYS

MA'
IDEAL CURRENT VOLTAGE ACROSS R VOLTAGE ACROSS L

"
MA'

"
MA'

"

MA'
RESULTANT TRAPE.OIDAL VOLTAGE

"

S#&n C i' Gr&*h( <i%"re 1A

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JAR 66 CATEGORY B1 CONVERSION COURSE MODULE 5 DIGITAL TECHNIQUES ELECTRONIC INSTRUMENT SYSTEMS

MODULE 5.11 ELECTRONIC DISPLAYS

1.$ COLOUR CRT DISPLAYS

*nformation from 'eather Radar systems is re+ ired to be displayed in colo r to enable the ser to see a clear representation of the weather condition ahead. To do this we re+ ire the display to be drawn in colo r. 'eather Radar data is presented in the following colo rs, (. /. 2. 4. Le!el - & Le!el ( & Le!el / & Le!el 2 & $lack 0reen & & .o storm. 1oderate storm. Less se!ere storm. & Se!ere storm.

3ellow & Red

#ig re (5 shows a display of 'eather Radar data.

We&ther R&!&r D&t&

YELLOGREEN

RED

<i%"re 1J

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1.$.1 SCREEN FORMAT

JAR 66 CATEGORY B1 CONVERSION COURSE MODULE 5 DIGITAL TECHNIQUES ELECTRONIC INSTRUMENT SYSTEMS

MODULE 5.11 ELECTRONIC DISPLAYS

T !i(*'&+ the 3e&ther !&t& n the CRT, the (#reen i( !i0i!e! int t3 h&'0e( re*re(entin% the t3 /"&!r&nt( in the # ) r!in&te (+(te.1 The ri%in i( &t the - tt . #entre, ( th&t 0&'"e( $ @ &re ne%&ti0e t the 'e$t &n! * (iti0e t the ri%ht1 A'' 0&'"e( $ Y 3i'' -e * (iti0e1 The (#reen i( (#&nne! in 956 h riN nt&' 'ine(, 3ith 956 -it( $ !&t& in e&#h 'ine1 E&#h 'ine i( ' #&te! -+ the 0&'"e $ Y &n! e&#h -it -+ & 0&'"e $ @1 The (#reen i( there$ re & 956 @ 956 .&tri41 The !&t& $r . the 3e&ther r&!&r (+(te. i( # n0erte! int !i%it&' $ r. &n! i( ("**'ie! t the !i(*'&+ n t3 !&t& 'ine(1 Thi( !&t& re*re(ent( the 3e&ther 'e0e'(; 1, 9, : r =, &t the re'&ti0e r&n%e1 Thi( !&t& i( (t re! in .e. rie( 3ithin the !i(*'&+ &n! i( "*!&te! 3ith e&#h (#&n $ the r&!&r (+(te.1 The @ &n! Y 0&'"e( &re "(e! t &!!re(( the .e. r+ &n! !i(*'&+ the in$ r.&ti n (t re! there &t the &**r *ri&te ti.e i1e1 &( the (#&n ##"r(1 E&#h *&rt $ the .e. r+ # nt&in( ne &!!re(( $ r e0er+ -it n e0er+ 'ine in the !i(*'&+1 E&#h .e. r+, there$ re i( &'( & 956 @ 956 .&tri41 Thi( 3i'' &'' 3 the entire 3e&ther !i(*'&+ t -e (t re! # ntin" "('+1 A( the (#reen i( (#&nne!, the .e. r+ i( &!!re((e! &t e&#h * int n e&#h 'ine -+ t3 # "nter(6 & h riN nt&' r @ # "nter $ r &!!re((in% the r 3( in the .e. r+, &n! & 0erti#&' r Y # "nter $ r &!!re((in% the # '".n(1 The @ # "nter (t&rt( n the 'e$t &t n".-er 196, # "ntin% ! 3n t > then "* t 196 7@ (#&nnin% i( ne%&ti0eG* (iti0e !e*en!in% n 3hi#h (i!e $ the (#reen the !&t& i( t -e !i(*'&+e!81 The Y # "nter # "nt( $r . > H 9551

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JAR 66 CATEGORY B1 CONVERSION COURSE MODULE 5 DIGITAL TECHNIQUES ELECTRONIC INSTRUMENT SYSTEMS

MODULE 5.11 ELECTRONIC DISPLAYS

<i%"re 1? (h 3( & 3e&ther !i(*'&+ (#reen $ r.&t1

HORIOONTAL SWEEI WAVE<ORM 761PS8

(/) (/) /66

IMAGE DISILAY AREA VERTICAL SWEEI WAVE<ORM 79>.S8

Y +

>

+ @

CRT S#reen < r.&t <i%"re 1?

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JAR 66 CATEGORY B1 CONVERSION COURSE MODULE 5 DIGITAL TECHNIQUES ELECTRONIC INSTRUMENT SYSTEMS

MODULE 5.11 ELECTRONIC DISPLAYS

1.( COLOUR GENERATION A # ' "r CRT h&( three e'e#tr n %"n(, e&#h $ 3hi#h #&n !ire#t &n e'e#tr n -e&. &t the (#reen1 The (#reen i( # &te! 3ith three !i$$erent 2in!( $ *h (*h r .&teri&'1 On -ein% - .-&r!e! -+ e'e#tr n -e&.(, the *h (*h r( '".ine(#e in e&#h $ the three *ri.&r+ # ' "r(6 Re!, Green &n! B'"e1 The (#reen i( !i0i!e! int & '&r%e n".-er $ (.&'' &re&( r ! t(, e&#h $ 3hi#h # nt&in( & *h (*h r $ e&#h 2in!1 <i%"re( 9> &n! 91 (h 3 & # ' "r CRT1

R B G
BLUE

MASK AIERTURE

GREEN

R G B

RED

SHADOW MASK

IHOSIHOR DOT SCREEN

C ' "r CRT <i%"re 9>

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JAR 66 CATEGORY B1 CONVERSION COURSE MODULE 5 DIGITAL TECHNIQUES ELECTRONIC INSTRUMENT SYSTEMS

MODULE 5.11 ELECTRONIC DISPLAYS

ELECTRON GUN ASSEM LY (RED/ GREEN 0 LUE)

PHOSPHOR DOT SCREEN

SHADOMAS!

C ' "r CRT <i%"re 91

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JAR 66 CATEGORY B1 CONVERSION COURSE MODULE 5 DIGITAL TECHNIQUES ELECTRONIC INSTRUMENT SYSTEMS

MODULE 5.11 ELECTRONIC DISPLAYS

Be&.( e.itte! $r . e&#h %"n *&(( thr "%h the *er$ r&ti n( $ the .&(2, 3hi#h #&"(e( the *h (*h r ! t( in the # &tin% t '".ine(#e in the &**r *ri&te # ' "r1 I$ & -e&. i( n'+ e.itte! -+ the re! e'e#tr n %"n n'+, then n'+ the re! ! t( 3i'' '".ine(#e, &n! i$ the -e&. # .*'ete( & $"'' r&(ter (#&n $ the (#reen, then & # .*'ete'+ re! (#reen 3i'' -e (een1 T &#hie0e & # ' "r !i(*'&+, the three %"n( &re "(e! t .i4 the three *ri.&r+ # ' "r( t %i0e the re/"ire! # ' "r1
1.(.1 MI'ING COLOURS

M (t # ' "r( $ 'i%ht #&n -e .&!e -+ .i4in% t %ether the *ri.&r+ # ' "r( $6 Re!, B'"e &n! Green1 When the(e # ' "r( &re &!!e! t %ether in !i$$erent *r * rti n(, the+ #re&te ther # ' "r(1 E4&.*'e6 11 91 :1 Re! &n! Green Re! &n! B'"e Green &n! B'"e L L L Ye'' 31 M&%ent& 7Iin28, C+&n 7'i%ht -'"e81 Se# n!&r+ C ' "r(

N te6 Re!, B'"e &n! Green &!!e! t %ether .&2e White 'i%ht1

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1.% STRO!E SCANNING

JAR 66 CATEGORY B1 CONVERSION COURSE MODULE 5 DIGITAL TECHNIQUES ELECTRONIC INSTRUMENT SYSTEMS

MODULE 5.11 ELECTRONIC DISPLAYS

In &!!iti n t the r&(ter !i(*'&+, 3hi#h *r !"#e( ( 'i! # ' "r -' #2(, there 3i'' &'( -e & re/"ir.ent t !i(*'&+ (+.- '( &n! &'*h&n".eri# #h&r&#ter(1 Thi( i( &#hie0e! -+ "(in% & BStr 2eC (#&nnin% .eth !1 The !i(*'&+ $ !&t& in &'*h&n".eri# &n! (+.- ' $ r. i( e4tre.e'+ 3i!e)r&n%in%1 E4&.*'e; We&ther r&!&r !i(*'&+ n t n'+ h&( t !i(*'&+ the 3e&ther ret"rn( 7r&(ter8 -"t &'( the (e'e#te! . !e, r&n%e #ir#'e( &n! r&n%e !&t&1 <i%"re 99 (h 3( the We&ther R&!&r !i(*'&+ 3ith &!!iti n&' &'*h&n".eri# !&t& 0er'&i! n the 3e&ther *i#t"re1

YELLO-

GREEN

RANGE DATA ( LUE)

#"
MODE ( LUE)

3" 2"
RED

-' 1"

We&ther R&!&r Di(*'&+ <i%"re 99

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JAR 66 CATEGORY B1 CONVERSION COURSE MODULE 5 DIGITAL TECHNIQUES ELECTRONIC INSTRUMENT SYSTEMS

MODULE 5.11 ELECTRONIC DISPLAYS

In ther !i(*'&+ # n$i%"r&ti n( there i( the re/"ire.ent $ r # n(i!er&-'e in$ r.&ti n t -e !r&3n "(in% the (tr 2e (#&nnin% .eth ! &( 3e'' &( the r&(ter (#&nnin% .eth !1 <i%"re 9: (h 3( &n E'e#tr ni# Attit"!e Dire#t r In!i#&t r 7EADI8, 3hi#h "(e( - th BR&(terC (#&nnin% 7$ r the Attit"!e S*here8 &n! BStr 2eC (#&nnin% $ r the re.&in!er $ the !i(*'&+1

H1n234255
STROKE SCANNING IS USED <OR ALL OTHER DISILAYED DATA

ATT 2 AOA F 2" 1" 2" 1"

GS

RASTER SCANNING

G 1" S CMD M .66 2"" DH 2" 1" 2" DH I

1#" RA

EADI Di(*'&+ <i%"re 9:

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JAR 66 CATEGORY B1 CONVERSION COURSE MODULE 5 DIGITAL TECHNIQUES ELECTRONIC INSTRUMENT SYSTEMS

MODULE 5.11 ELECTRONIC DISPLAYS

The * (iti n n the !i(*'&+ (#reen $ the &'*h&n".eri# r (+.- ' i( *re) !eter.ine! &n! (t re! in the .e. r+ .&tri4 7t+*i#&''+ "(in% 5 @ A .&tri481 When the .&tri4 i( &!!re((e!, the #h&r&#ter i( $ r.e! 3ithin the # rre(* n!in% .&tri4 $ ! t( n the (#reen -+ 0i!e (i%n&' *"'(e( *r !"#e! &( the 'ine( &re (#&nne!1 <i%"re 9= (h 3( the .&2e "* $ 'etter( "(in% the 5 @ A).&tri4 # n$i%"r&ti n1

% ITS ) 3

( 1" ITS

A'*h&n".eri# Di(*'&+ <i%"re 9=

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JAR 66 CATEGORY B1 CONVERSION COURSE MODULE 5 DIGITAL TECHNIQUES ELECTRONIC INSTRUMENT SYSTEMS

MODULE 5.11 ELECTRONIC DISPLAYS

S*&#in% i( ne#e((&r+ -et3een in!i0i!"&' #h&r&#ter( &n! &'( -et3een the r 3( $ #h&r&#ter(1 T &#hie0e thi(, &n e4tr& 'ine #&''e! BB'&n2in% Bit(C i( "(e!1 It #&n -e (een $r . $i%"re 9=, th&t the 3i!th $ the #h&r&#ter "(e( 5 $ the J -it( &'' #&te!, : -it( re*re(entin% the -'&n2in% -it( #re&tin% & (*&#e -et3een e&#h #h&r&#ter n the 'ine1 The hei%ht $ e&#h #h&r&#ter i( A -it( 3ith & : -it( re*re(entin% the -'&n2in% -it(, 3hi#h 3i'' #re&te 'ine (*&#in% -et3een the #h&r&#ter(1 1.6 DISPLAY SYSTEMS The CRT !i(*'&+ "nit( $ the . re # .*rehen(i0e e'e#tr ni# in(tr".ent (+(te.( *er&te n the (&.e $"n!&.ent&' *rin#i*'e( &( th (e !e(#ri-e in thi( . !"'e1 H 3e0er, t &**'+ the(e *rin#i*'e(, . re e4ten(i0e .i#r )*r #e((in% #ir#"it &rr&n%e.ent( &re re/"ire! in r!er t !i(*'&+ $&r %re&ter &. "nt( $ #h&n%in% !&t& in - th /"&ntit&ti0e &n! /"&'it&ti0e $ r.1 The .i#r *r #e(( r *r #e((e( in$ r.&ti n $r . the BD&t& Hi%h3&+C -"( &n!, $r . the .e. r+ #ir#"it(, it i( in(tr"#te! t #&'' "* ("-)*r %r&.(1 E&#h $ the(e *r %r&.( # rre(* n!( t the in!i0i!"&' (et( $ !&t& re/"ire! t -e !i(*'&+e!1 Si%n&'( &re then %ener&te! in the re'e0&nt -in&r+ $ r.&t, &n! &re ("**'ie! t & BS+.- ' Gener&t rC "nit1 The S+.- ' Gener&t r 3i'' then %ener&te the re'e0&nt ("**'ie( t -e &**'ie! t the -e&. !e$'e#ti n &n! # ' "r %"n #ir#"it( in r!er t !r&3 the # rre#t !i(*'&+1 The -e&. 3i'' -e (#&nne! - th in the r&(ter &n! (tr 2e $ r.&t(1 The !i(*'&+e! !&t& i( in t3 -&(i# $ r.(6 11 <i4e! !&t&1 91 M 0in% !&t&1

T&-'e 9 (h 3( the t+*e( $ $i4e! &n! . 0in% !&t& re/"ire! $ r !i(*'&+e! !&t&
FI'ED DATA SYM OLS SCALE MAR!INGS SYSTEM NAMES DATUM MAR!S MOVING DATA SYM OLIC POINTERS INDE' MAR!S DIGITAL COUNTERS SYSTEM STATUS MESSAGES

Di(*'&+e! !&t& T&-'e 9

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JAR 66 CATEGORY B1 CONVERSION COURSE MODULE 5 DIGITAL TECHNIQUES ELECTRONIC INSTRUMENT SYSTEMS

MODULE 5.11 ELECTRONIC DISPLAYS

IAGE INTENTIONALLY BLANK

JAR 66 CATEGORY B1

MODULE )

MODULE 5.11 ELECTRONIC DISPLAYS

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DIGITAL TECHNI,UES
ELECTRONIC INSTRUMENT SYSTEMS