Ensemble Bath Fundamental Variables Thermodynamic Potentials Thermodynamic Relation Stationarity Principle Extensivity ( = E/N etc.

) Euler Relation Applications

Microcanonical Isolated E, N, V S (E, N, V ) , E (S, N, V )

Canonical Heat T, N, V Helmholtz Free energy

A (T, N, V ) = E T S dE = T dS P dV + dN + . . . dA = SdT P dV + dN + . . . S maximized = (s, v ) E = T S + N P V Basic A minimized at xed T, N, V a = a (T, v ) A = P V + N Energy available in slow volume expansion

Ensemble Bath Fundamental Variables Thermodynamic Potentials Thermodynamic Relation Stationarity Principle Extensivity ( = E/N etc.) Euler Relation Applications

Constant Pressure Volume S, N, P Enthalpy H (S, N, P ) = E + P V dH = T dS + V dP + dN + . . . H minimized at constant S , N, P h = h (s, P ) H = T S + N Heat produced in chemical reactions

Gibbs Heat, Volume T, P, N Gibbs Free energy G (T, N, P ) = E T S + P V dG = SdT + V dP + dN + . . . G minimized at constant T, P, N g = g (T, P ) G = N Phase equilibria Chemical reactions

Ensemble Bath Fundamental Variables Thermodynamic Potentials Thermodynamic Relation Stationarity Principle Extensivity ( = E/N etc.) Euler Relation Applications

Grand Canonical Heat, Particles T, , V Grand Potential (T, N, V ) = E T S N d = SdT P dV N d + . . . minimized at constant T, , V = (T, v ) = P V Theoretical calculations