Answers 1 Q1.

For S1,

C = uA = 1000 2 0.12 4

= 15.7 kg s 1 This must be the same as the mass flux through S2 (otherwise mass would accumulate between these surfaces). To calculate the mass flux in general one should use the component of velocity normal to the area: C = un A = uA

Q2. Steady-state momentum principle: Force = (momentum flux)out (momentum flux)in For the x-component of momentum and the fluid in a control volume encompassing the region shown in the question, F = 0 ( UA)U F = U 2A Hence,
F = 1000 8 2 = 503 N 0.12 4

Answer: 503 N.

Q3. (a) Volume of room: V = 30 8 5 = 1200 m 3 If is the concentration (expressed as mass of toxin per unit mass of fluid) then the initial mass of gas in the room is ( V ) 0 = 2 kg Hence, 2 0 = 1.2 1200 = 1.389 10 3 Answer: 0 = 1390 ppm. CFD Answers 1 1 David Apsley

(b) change in amount of toxin = amount in amount out or, as a rate equation: rate of change of amount of toxin = rate of entering rate of leaving d ( V) = 0 ( uA) dt Hence, d uA = ( ) = 0 at t = 0 dt V This is exponential decay, with solution = 0 e ( uA / V )t Inverting for t: V t= ln 0 uA For the given concentration: 1200 t= ln(1389) 0 .5 6 = 2895 s 48 min Answer: 48 minutes.

Q4. The rate at which chemical enters the river (in mass per unit time) is 2 .5 S= = 6.944 10 4 kg s 1 3600 At steady state, the flux of chemical past a downstream section is the same as the rate of entering the river. If is the concentration of pollutant (expressed here as mass of chemical per volume of water) then uA = S Hence, S = uA 6.944 10 4 = 0 .3 5 2 = 2.31 10 4 kg m 3 Answer: 2.31104 kg m3.

CFD

Answers 1 2

David Apsley