c03qp Chemical Formulae Equations Latest PDF August 17 2011-5-48 Am 852k

QUESTION PAPER
FOKUS MENUJU GEMILNG
CHAPTER 3
CHEMICAL FORMULAE A ND EQUATIONS
JKD KIMIA KLUANG, JOHOR DARUL TAZIM

jkdkimiakluang@yahoo.com
2010 Terengganu P2A2 1 (a) The reaction between metal Q and acid X can be represented by chemical equation below. Tindak balas antara logam Q dan asid X boleh diwakili oleh persamaan kimia di bawah. Q(s) + 2HX(aq) QX2(aq) + H2(g) (i) Suggest an acid of X and ionic compound of QX2. Cadangkan satu asid X dan sebaiian ionik QX2, Acid X Asid X : ...
Ionic compound QX2 : .... .. Sebatian ion QX2 [2 marks]
(ii)
Based on the equation, complete the statement below: .... mol of Q react with ........ mol of HX to produce .mol of QX2 and ....mol of H2. Berdasarkan persamaan, lengkapkan pernyataan di bawah: ... mol Q bertindakbalas dengan ........................... mol HX menghasilkan... mol QX2 dan .mol H2.
(b)
Table below shows an experiment to investigate the effect of heat on copper (II) carbonate. Jadual di bawah menunjnkkan satu eksperimen untuk mengkaji kesan haba ke aim kuprum(II) karbonat.
Based on the experiment: Berdasarkan eksperimen tersebut: (i) State tate the name of the products formed. Nyatakan yatakan nama bagi hasil tindak balasyang terbentuk .................................................................................................... .................................................................................................................................... [1 mark] (ii) Write rite a chemical equation for the reaction. Tuliskan uliskan satu persamaan kimia bagi tindak balas tersebut. t .................................................................................................... .................................................................................................................................... [1 mark] (c) The following equation is not balanced. Persamaan di bawah adalah tidak seimbang
(i)
Write the balanced equation for the reaction. Tuliskan persamaan yang seimbang bagi tindak balas tersebut. .................................................................................................. .................................................................................................................................. [1 mark]
(ii)
Calculate the mass of barium sulphate formed when 500 cm3 of 1 mol dm-3 sodium sulphate solution is reacted completely with barium chloride solution. Hitungkanjisim barium sulfat yang terbentuk apabila 500 cm3 laruian natrium sulfat 1 moldm3 bertindakbalas lengkap dengan larutan barium klorida. [ Relative atomic mass / Jisim atom relatif: O =16; S = 32 ; Ba = 137 ] [3 marks]
2009 Times P2A1 2. An experiment was carried out to determine the empirical formula of lead (II) oxide. A sample of lead (II) oxide was heated in the ow of dry hydrogen gas as shown in Figure 1. Satu eksperimen dijalankan untuk menentukan formula empiric bagi plumbum(II) oksida. Satu sampel plumbum(II) oksida dipanaskan dengan aliran gas hidrogen kering melaluinya seperti dalam Gambarajah 1
Gambarajah 1 After heating, the porcelain boat and its contents are cooled in the ow of hydrogen and its mass is recorded. The heating ,cooling and weighing processes are repeated until the mass of the porcelain boat and its contents are constant. The data recorded from the experiment are as follows: Selepas pemanasan, mangkuk porselin dan kandungannya disejukkan dengan aliran hydrogen dan jisimnya direkodkan. Proses pemanasan, penyejukan dan penimbangan diulang sehingga jisim mangkuk porselin dan kandungannya menjadi tetap. Data yang direkodkan daripada eksperimen adalah seperti berikut : Mass of porcelain boat Jisim mangkuk porselin Mass of porcelain boat and lead (II)oxide before heating Jisim mangkuk porselin dan plumbum(II) oksida sebelum pemanasan Mass porcelain boat and lead after heating Jisim mangkuk porselin dan plumbum selepas pemanasan (a) = 25.30g
= 36.45g
= 35.65g
Write one chemical equation that can produce hydrogen gas. Tuliskan satu persamaan kimia yang boleh menghasilkan gas hidrogen .. [1 mark]
(b)
State one observation that can be made from this experiment. Nyatakan satu pemerhatian yang boleh didapati daripada eksperimen ini. [1 mark]
(c)
Why is necessary to cool the porcelain boat and its contents in the ow of hydrogen gas? Mengapa perlu menyejukkan mangkuk porselin dan kandungannya dengan aliran gas hydrogen? [1 mark]
(d)
Based on the data,determine the empirical formula of lead (II) oxide. Berdasarkan data, tentukan formula empirik bagi plumbum(II) oksida. [Relative atomic mass : Pb:207, O:16] [Jisim atom relatif : Pb:207, O:16]
[4 marks] (e) Why is the process of heating, cooling and weighing repeated until a constant mass is obtained? Mengapa proses pemanasan, penyejukan dan penimbangan diulang sehingga jisim yang tetap diperolehi? ... ... [1 mark] (f) . [2 marks] State two precautionary steps to be taken while conducting this experiment. Nyatakan dua langkah keselamtan yang diambil semasa menjalankan eksperimen ini
2008 Kedah P2A2 3. Diagram 2 shows the apparatus set-up set up to determine the empirical formula of oxide Metal M. Rajah 2 menunjukkan susunan radas rada untuk menentukan formula empirik bagi oksida logam M
M oxide / Oksida M hydrogen gas Asbestos paper Kertas asbestos
Heat / Panaskan
Anhydrous calcium chloride, Kalsium klorida kontang
Diagram 2 / Rajah 2
(a)
(i)
Name two chemicals used to prepare hydrogen gas in the laboratory. Namakan dua bahan yang digunakan untuk menyediakan gas hldrogen dalam makmal. .............................................................................................................. .................................................................................................................................... [2 marks] Write a chemical equation for the reaction in (a)(i). Tuliskan persamaan kimia bagi tindak balas di (a)(i). ............................................................................................................................. .................................................................................................................................... [1 mark]
(ii)
(b)
Table 2 shows the result of the experiment: Jadual 2 menunjukkan keputusan eksperimen itu: Mass of combustion tube + asbestos paper Jisim tiub pembakaran + kertas asbestos Mass of combustion tube + asbestos paper + M oxide before heating Jisim tiub pembakaran + kertas asbestos + oksida M sebelum pembakaran
39.25 g
47.95 g
Mass of combustion tube + asbestos paper + product after heating Jisim tiub pembakaran + kertas asbestos + hasil selepas pembakaran [Relative atomic mass of 0=16, M=55]
44.75 g
(i)
Determine the empirical formula of M oxide. Tentukan formula empirik bagi oksida M
[3 marks] (ii) Write a chemical equation for the reduction of M oxide by hydrogen gas. Tulis persamaan kimia bagi penurunan oksida M oleh gas hidrogen. .................................................................................................................................... [1 mark] (c) State one precaution that must be taken when carrying out the experiment. Nyatakan satu langkah berjaga-jaga yang mesti diambil semasa menjalankan eksperimen itu. ............................................................................................................................................. [1mark] (d) Can the empirical formula of magnesium oxide be determined by the same method? Explain your answer. Bolehkah formula empirik bagi magnesium oksida ditentukan dengan kaedah yang sama? Jelaskan jawapan anda. ............................................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................................. [ 2 marks]
2008 Johore P2A2 4. Diagram 2 shows the set -up up apparatus of an experiment to determine the empirical formula of copper (II) oxide. Rajah 2 menunjukkan susunan radas eksperimen untuk menentukan formula empirik bagi kuprum (II) oksida
Diagram 2 / Rajah 2 (a) What is the meaning of chemical formula? Apakah maksud formula kimia? . [1 mark] (b) (i) Name an acid and metal that can be used to prepare hydrogen gas in this experiment. Namakan suatu asid dan logam yang boleh digunakan untuk menyediakan gas hidrogen dalam eksperimen ini. [1 mark] (ii) Write a balanced chemical equation for the reaction between the acid and the metal in (b) (i). Tuliskan persamaan kimia yang berimbang untuk tindak balas yang berlaku di antara asid dan logam di (b) (i). [1 mark ]
(c)
State one precaution that must be taken before the copper (II) oxide is heated. Nyatakan satu langkah berjaga-jaga yangperlu diambil sebelum kupum(II) oksida dipanaskan. . [1 mark ]
(d)
Table 2 shows the results of an experiment carried out by a student. Jadual 2 menunjukkan keputusan eksperimen yang dilakukan oleh pelajar. Mass of combustion tube + porcelain dish Jisim tiub pembakaran + mangkuk porselin Mass of combustion tube + porcelain dish + copper (II) oxide Jisim tiub pembakaran + mangkuk porselin + kuprum(II) oksida Mass of combustion tube + porcelain dish + copper Jisim tiub pembakaran + mangkuk porselin + kuprum Table 2 / Jadual 2 (i) Calculate the number of moles of copper in this reaction. [Relative atomic mass : Cu = 64] Kirakan bilangan mol kuprum dalam tindak balas ini. [Jisim atom relatif: Cu= 64] 30.24 g 32.26 g 31.86 g
[1 mark] (ii) Calculate the number of moles of oxygen in this reaction. [Relative atomic mass : O = 16] Kirakan bilangan mol kuprum dalam tindak balas ini. [Jisim atom relatif: 0= 16]
[1 mark ] (iii) Determine the empirical formula of copper (II) oxide. Tentukan formula empirik kuprum (II) oksida.
[2 marks] 9
(e)
Name another metal oxide which uses the same method to determine the empirical formula. Namakan suatu oksida logam yang lain di mana formula empiriknya ditentukan dengan kaedah yang sama. . [1 mark ]
(f)
M is a reactive metal. Suggest a method to determine the empirical formula of the oxide of M. M merupakan suatu logam reaktif. Cadangkan satu kaedah untuk menentukan formula empirik bagi oksida M. . [1 mark]
10
2008 Sarawak P2A2 5. (a) (i) Calculate the relative molecular mass of water. Hitung jisim molekul relative bagi air. [ Relative atomic mass : H, 1; 0, 16] [Jisim atom relative: H, 1; O, 16]
[1 mark] (ii) Determine the mass of one water molecule. Tentukan jisim bagi satu molekul air. [Avogadro constant = 6.02 x 1023 mol-1] [Pemalar Avogadro = 6.02 x 1023 mol-1]
[2 marks ] (iii) A bottle contains 500 cm3 of water. Calculate the number of moles of water. Satu botol air mengandungi 500 cm3 air. Hitung bilangan mol air. [Density of water is 1 g cm-3] [Ketumpatan air adalah 1 g cm-3]
[1 mark ]
11
(b)
The following is the composition by mass of an organic compound W. Berikut adalah kandungan jisim bagi sebatian organik W. 52.2% carbon 52.2% karbon 13.0% hydrogen 13.0% hidrogen 34.8 % oxygen 34.8% oksigen (i) Determine the empirical formula of compound W. Tentukan formula empirik bagi sebatian W.
[3 marks ] (ii) 0.30 mole of compound W has a mass of 13.8 g. Determine the molar mass of compound W. 0.3 mol sebatian W mempunyai jisim 13.8g. Tentukan jisim molar bagi sebatian W.
[2 marks ] (iii) Determine the molecular formula of compound W. Tentukan formula molekul bagi sebatian W.
[2 marks ]
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2008 SBP P2A5 6. Table 5 shows molecular formulae of 4 carbon compounds. Jadual 5 menunjukkan formula molekul bagi 4 sebatian karbon.
Compound Sebatian A B C D
Molecular Formula Formula molekul C4H8 C4H10 C4H9OH C2H5COOH
Table 5 / Jadual 5 (a) Write the general formula of the homologous series of compound B. Tuliskan formula umum bagi siri homolog sebatian B. .. [1 mark] (b) State the functional group of compound A and compound D Nyatakan kumpulan berfungsi bagi sebatian A dan sebatian D. Compound A: Sebatian A Compound D:.... Sebatian D [2 marks] (c) Compound B shows isomerism. Draw the structural formula of all isomers of compound B. Sebatian B menunjukkan isomerisme. Lukiskan formula struktur bagi semua isomer sebatian B.
[2 marks]
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(d)
Compound D and compound C are reacted with the presence of the concentrated sulphuric acid. Sebatian D dan sebatian C bertindak balas dengan kehadiran asid sulfurik pekat. (i) Name the product formed from the reaction. Namakan hasil yang terbentuk daripada tindak balas . [1 mark] (ii) State one special characteristic of the product formed. Nyatakan satu ciri istimewa bagi hasil yang terbentuk . [1 mark]
(e)
Compound A burns in excess oxygen to produce carbon dioxide and water. Sebatian A dibakar dalam oksigen berlebihan menghasilkan carbon dioksida dan air. (i) Write a balanced chemical equation for the reaction. Tuliskan persamaan kimia seimbang bagi tindak balas tersebut ........................................................................................................................... [1 mark] (ii) 11.2 g of compound A burns in excess oxygen, calculate number of carbon dioxide molecules formed. 11.2 g sebatian A dibakar dalam oksigen berlebihan, hitungkan bilangan molekul carbon dioksida yang terbentuk. [Relative atomic mass C = 12, O = 16 and Avogadro number = 6.03 x 1023] [Jisim atom relatif C = 12, O = 16 dan nombor Avogadro = 6.03 x 1023]
[2 marks]
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2010 Negeri Sembilan P2A2 7 Diagram 2 shows the electron arrangement of a compound formed between elements X and Y Rajah 2 menunjukkan susunan elektron bagi satu sebatian terbentuk antara unsur X dan Y. 2+ Y X Y
Diagram 2 / Rajah 2 (a) State the type of compound. Nyatakan jenis sebatian itu. ................................................................................................................................................ [1 mark] (b) Write the formula of the compound. Tulis formula bagi sebatian itu. ................................................................................................................................................ [1 mark] (c) Write the electron arrangement for Tulis susunan elektron bagi (i) atom X: ...................................................................................................................... atom X : ...................................................................................................................... (ii) atom Y : ..................................................................................................................... atom Y : ....................................................................................................................... [2 marks] (d) Two atoms Y share electrons to form a substance. Dua atom Y berkongsi elektron untuk membentuk satu bahan. (i) Draw the electron arrangement of the substance. Lukiskan susunan elektron bagi bahan itu.
[2 marks]
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(ii) Name the type of bond formed in (d) (i). Namakan jenis ikatan terbentuk dalam (d) (i). ..................................................................................................................................... [1 mark] (e) Compare the melting point of compound in (a) and substance in (d). Explain your answer. Bandingkan takat lebur bagi sebatian dalam (a) dan bahan dalam (d). Terangkan jawapan anda. ................................................................................................................................................. ................................................................................................................................................. ................................................................................................................................................ [3 marks]
16
2009 JOHOR P2B1 (a) Diagram 7.1 shows an apparatus set-up to determine the empirical formula of 8 magnesium oxide. Rajah 7.1 menunjukkan susunan radas untuk menentukan formula empirik magnesium oksida.
Magnesium ribbon Pita magnesium Heat Dipanaskan Diagram 7.1 Rajah 7.1
(i)
(ii)
During the experiment, we need to raise the lid a little at intervals. Why? Ketika eksperimen dijalankan, kita perlu membuka penutup sekali sekala. Mengapa? [2 marks] Table 7 shows the results for the experiment to determine the empirical formula of magnesium oxide. Jadual 7 menunjukkan keputusan bagi satu eksperimen untuk menentukan formula empirik bagi magnesium oksida. Mass of crucible + lid Jisim mangkuk pijar + penutup Mass of crucible + lid + magnesium ribbon Jisim mangkuk pijar + penutup + pita magnesium Mass of crucible + lid + magnesium oxide Jisim mangkuk pijar + penutup + magnesium oxide Table 7 / Jadual 7 Based on the results in Table 7, determine the empirical formula of magnesium oxide. [ Relative atomic mass : Mg = 24 , O = 16 ] Berdasarkan keputusan dalam Jadual 7, tentukan formula empirik bagi magnesium oksida. [ Jisim atom relatif : Mg = 24 , O = 16 ] 28.24 g 30.64 g 32.24 g
[5 marks]
17
(b)
Diagram 7.2 shows an apparatus set-up to determine the empirical formula of copper oxide. Rajah 7.2 menunjukkan susunan radas untuk menentukan formula empirik kuprum oksida.
Hydrogen gas Gas hidrogen
Copper oxide Kuprum oksida
Heat Dipanaskan Part B Bahagian B
Part A Bahagian A
Diagram 7.2 Rajah 7.2
(i)
(ii)
Compare the method used in experiment in Diagram 7.2 with Diagram 7.1. Bandingkan kaedah melakukan eksperimen dalam Rajah 7.2 dengan kaedah dalam Rajah 7.1. [4 marks] State the reactants to produce hydrogen gas in Part A. Nyatakan bahan-bahan untuk menghasilkan gas hidrogen di Bahagian A. [2 marks]
(iii) Write the chemical equation for the reaction in Part A. Tuliskan persamaan kimia untuk tindak balas di Bahagian A. [1mark] (iv) State three precautions that must be taken in Part B. Explain your answer. Nyatakan tiga langkah berjaga-jaga yang mesti diambil dalam Bahagian B. Terangkan jawapan anda. [6 marks]
18
2010 Negeri Sembilan P2B7 9. (a) The statement below is about a reaction. Pernyataan di bawah ialah tentang suatu tindak balas. 0.01 mol of hydrogen chloride gas reacts with 0.01 mol of ammonia gas produces 0.01 mol of ammonium chloride solid 0.01 mol gas hydrogen klorida bertindak balas dengan 0.01 mol gas ammonia menghasilkan 0.01 mol pepejal ammonium klorida (i) What is the meaning of a mole? Apakah yang dimaksudkan dengan satu mol? [1 mark]
(ii) Calculate the numbers of particles in 0.01 mol of ammonium chloride. [Avogadro constant = 6.02 X 1023 mol-1] Hitungkan bilangan zarah-zarah dalam 0.01 mol ammonium klorida. [Pemalar Avogadro = 6.02 X 1023 mol-1] [1 mark]
(iii) Write the molecular formulae of hydrogen chloride and ammonia. Calculate their relative molecular mass. [Relative atomic mass: H = 1, N = 14, Cl = 35.5] Tuliskan formula molekul bagi hydrogen klorida dan ammonia. Hitungkan jisim molekul mereka. [Jisim atom relative: H = 1, N = 14, Cl = 35.5] [4 marks] (b) Below is a chemical equation for a reaction. Di bawah ialah persamaan kimia bagi suatu tindak balas.
2KI(aq) + Pb(NO3)2(aq) (i)
2KNO3(aq) + PbI2(s)
Name the reaction and state one observation for the reaction. Namakan tindak balas itu dan nyatakan satu permerhatian bagi tindak balas itu. [2 marks]
(ii) Based on the chemical equation, interpret the equation qualitatively and quantitatively. Berdasarkan kepada persamaan kimia itu, tafsirkan persamaan itu seca kualitatif dan kuantitatif. [4 marks]
19
(c) The statement below describe an activity in laboratory. Pernyataan di bawah menghuraikan satu aktiviti dalam makmal. An activity is carried out as follows: Copper (II) carbonate is heated in a test tube. Gas produced is passed in lime water through a delivery tube. Suatu aktiviti dijalankan seperti berikut: Kuprum(II) karbonat dipanaskan dalam sebuah tabung uji. Gas yang terhasil dihasilkan dilalukan ke dalam air kapur melalui tiub penghantar. (i) Draw the apparatus set-up for the activity. Lukis susunan radas bagi aktiviti itu. [2 marks] (ii) Write the chemical equation for the reaction. Tulis persamaan kimia bagi tindak balas itu. [2 marks] (iii)6.2 g of copper(II) carbonate is used in the reaction. Calculate the volume of carbon dioxide gas produced at room condition. [Relative atomic mass: C = 12, O = 16, Cu = 64. Molar volume at room condition = 24 dm3 mol-1] 6.2 g kuprum(II) karbonat digunakan dalam tindak balas ini. Hitungkan isipadu gas karbon dioksida dihasilkan pada keadaan bilik. [Jisim atom relatif: C = 12, O = 16, Cu = 64. Isipadu molar pada keadaan bilik = 24 dm3 mol-1] [4 marks]
20
2008 Perak P2B7 10 1 mole of any gas occupies 24 dm3 at room condition. 1 mol sebarang gas menempati 24 dm3 pada suhu bilik (a) Explain why 16 g of oxygen occupies the same volume as 22 g of carbon dioxide at room condition. Terangkan mengapa 16 g oksigen menempati isipadu yang sama dengan 22 g karbon dioksida pada suhu bilik (b) Caffeine is one of the substances in coffee. 0.97 g of caffeine consists of 0.48 g carbon, 0.05 g hydrogen, 0.28 g nitrogen and 0.16 g oxygen. The molar mass of caffeine is 194 g mol"'. Kaffein adalah satu bahan yang terdapat di dalam kopi. 0.97 g kaffein mengandungi 0.48 g karbon, 0.05 g hidrogen, 0.28 g nitrogen dan 0.16 g oksigen. Jisim molar bagi kaffein ialah 194 g mol' Based on the information above, Determine the empirical formula and molecular formula of caffeine. Berdasarkan kepada maklumat di atas, Tentukan formula empirik dan formula molekul bagi kaffein. [ Relative atomic mass : C=12 ; H=l ; 0=16 ; N=14 ]
Fertilisers usually have a high content of nitrogen. Nitrogen is needed to increase the growth of plants such as vegetables. The following substances are the examples of fertiliser which are used by farmers . Baja biasanya mempurtyai kandungan nitrogen yang tinggi. Nitrogen diperlukan untuk meningkatkan pembesaran tumbuhan seperti sayuran. Berikut adalah contoh baja yang digunakan oleh petani. Ammonium suplhate, (NH4)2S04 Urea, CO(NH2)2 Hydrazine, N^ Calculate the percentage of nitrogen by mass in each of the three fertilizers given above and determine the best fertiliser that a farmer should used for his plants.
Kira peratus jisim nitrogen dalam setiap satu dari tiga baja di atas dan tentukan baja yang paling baik ya [ Relative atomic mass : C=12 ; H=l ; 0=16 ; N=14 ; S=32 ]
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2010 MRSM P2B8 11. (a) The molecular formula of butane is C4 H10 and its empirical formula is C2 H5. Based on the statement, explain the meaning of empirical formula and molecular formula. Formula molekul bagi butana ialah C4 H10 dan formula empiriknya ialah C2 H5 Berdasarkan kenyataan tersebut, terangkan maksud formula empirik dan formula molekul. [4 marks]
(b) The decomposition of copper(II) nitrate is shown in the following equation: Penguraian kuprum(II) nitrat ditunjukkan dalam persamaan berikut: 2 Cu(NO3)2 2 CuO + 4 NO2 + O2
(Relative atomic mass: N=14, O=16, Cu=64, molar volume of gas at room condition; 24 dm3 mol -1) (Jisim atom relatif: N=14, O=16, Cu=64, isipadu molar gas pada keadaan bilik; 24 dm3 mol-1) (i) Determine the percentage composition by mass of oxygen in copper(II) nitrate. Tentukan peratus mengikut jisim bagi oksigen dalam kuprum(II) nitrat. [3 marks]
(ii)
If 3.2 g of copper(II) oxide is produced during the heating process, calculate the volume of oxygen gas evolved at room condition. Jika 3.2 g kuprum(II) oksida dihasilkan semasa proses pemanasan, hitung isipadu gas oksigen yang terbebas pada keadaan bilik. [3 marks]
(c )
The following equation shows two redox reactions involving iron (II) ion Fe2+ Persamaan berikut menunjukkan dua tindak balas redoks yang melibatkan ion ferum(II), Fe 2+ 2 Fe2+ + Br2 2 Fe3+ + 2 BrFe2+ + Zn Fe + Zn2+
I II
Compare the role of Fe2+ ion in both reactions. Explain your answer. Bandingkan peranan ion Fe2+ dalam kedua-dua tindak balas. Terangkan jawapan anda. [ 6 marks]
22
(c)
A student carried out two experiments to determine the empirical formulae for magnesium oxide and copper(II) oxide. Diagram 8 shows the apparatus set-up for both experiments. Seorang pelajar menjalankan dua eksperimen untuk menentukan formula empirik bagi magnesium oksida dan kuprum(II) oksida. Rajah 8 menunjukkan susunan radas bagi kedua-dua eksperimen.
Diagram 8 / Rajah 8 Explain the differences in the method used for the determination of the empirical formulae for both oxides. Terangkan perbezaan kaedah untuk menentukan formula empirik bagi kedua-dua oksida itu. [4 marks]
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2009 Kedah P2B8 12. Diagram 8 shows information about a hydrocarbon P. Rajah 8 menunjukkan maklumat berkenaan hidrokarbon P.
Diagram 8 / Rajah 8 (a) Based on the information given, Berdasarkan maklumat yang diberikan, o Determine the molecular formula of P. Tentukan Formula Molekul bagi P Draw the structural formula of P Lukiskan formula struktur P Name P Namakan P Write the general formula of P Tuliskan formula am bagi P [10 marks] (b) Hydrocarbon P can be converted into hydrocarbon Q by hydrogenation reaction. Hidrokarbon P boleh ditukarkan kepada hidrokarbon Q melalui tindak balas penghidrogenan. (i) Write a chemical reaction for this reaction. Tuliskan persamaan kimia bagi tindak balas ini. [1 mark] (ii) Hydrocarbon P and Q are burnt completely in air. Compare the sootiness of the flame produced during the reaction. Explain your answer. Hidrokarbon P dan Q terbakar dengan lengkap dalam udara. Bandingkan kejelagaan nyalaan yang terhasil semasa tindak balas ini. Terangkan jawapan anda. [6 marks] Describe briefly how to convert P into an alcohol. Huraikan secara ringkas bagaimana P boleh ditukarkan kepada satu alkohol. [3 marks]
(c)
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2008 SBP P2B9 13 (a) Diagram 9 shows the set up of the apparatus to determine the empirical formula of oxide of metal M. M is less reactive than hydrogen. Diagram 9 menunjukkan susunan radas untuk menentukan formula empirik oksida logam M. M kurang reaktif daripada hidrogen
Thistle funnel Corong tisel Dry hydrogen Hidrogen kering Oxide of metal M Oksida logam M
Dilute hydrochloric acid Asid hidroklorik cair Part A Bahagian A
Zinc Zink
Heat Panaskan
X
Part B Bahagian B Part C Bahagian C
Diagram 9 / Rajah 9 (i) State two precautions that must be taken in Part A while carrying out the experiment. Nyatakan dua langkah berjaga-jaga yang perlu diambil di Bahagian A semasa menjalankan eksperimen tersebut? [2 marks]
(ii) Suggest a suitable chemical substance for X in Part B and state the function Of X. Cadangkan satu bahan kimia yang sesuai bagi X di Bahagian B dan nyatakan fungsi X. [2 marks] (iii) Describe the reaction that occurs in Part C. Huraikan tindak balas yang berlaku di Bahagian C. [2 marks] (iv) Information below shows the results of the experiment. Maklumat di bawah menunjukkan keputusan bagi eksperimen tersebut.
Mass of combustion tube + porcelain dish Jisim tabung pembakaran + piring porselin
= 52.34 g
Mass of combustion tube + porcelain dish + oxide of M = 105.86 g Jisim tabung pembakaran + piring porselin + oksida M Mass of combustion tube + porcelain dish + M Jisim tabung pembakaran + piring porselin + M = 102.02 g
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Determine the empirical formula of the oxide of M: Tentukan formula empirik oksida M [Relative atomic mass of O =16 , M = 207 ] [Jisim atom relatif O =16 , M = 207 ] [4 marks] (b) The information below is about hydrocarbon J Maklumat di bawah adalah berkaitan dengan hidrokarbon J Empirical formula of J is CH2 Formula empirik J ialah CH2 Mass of 1 mole of J = 28 g Jisim 1 mol J = 28 g Produce by dehydration of alcohol Dihasilkan melalui pendehidratan alkohol
(i) Determine the molecular formula for hydrocarbon J. [Relative atomic mass of C =12 , H = 1 ] Tentukan formula molekul bagi hidrokarbon J [Jisim atom relatif C =12 , H = 1 ] [2 marks] (ii) Describe an experiment to prepare hydrocarbon J in the laboratory from its corresponding alcohol. In your answer, include the diagram of the appratus set-up, materials used, and procedure. Huraikan satu eksperimen untuk menyediakan hidrokarbon J di makmal daripada alkohol yang sepadan. Dalam jawapan anda, hendaklah termasuk gambar rajah susunan radas, bahan dan prosedur. [8 marks]
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2009 Perlis P3ES1 14. Diagram 1.1 shows the set-up up of apparatus for an experiment to determine the order of the metals in the reactivity series. Rajah 1.1 menunjukkan susunan radas bagi satu eksperimen untuk menentukan susunan logam-logam logam dalam sin kereaktifan.
Diagram 1.1 / Rajah 1.1 Potassium manganate (VII) is heated to release oxygen gas which is used to react with metal powder. This experiment is carried out using magnesium powder, zinc powder, lead powder and copper powder to react with oxygen gas respectively. Kalium manganat (VII) dipanaskan untuk membebaskan gas oksigen bagi bertindak balas dengan serbuk logam. Eksperimen ini dijalankan dengan menggunakan serbuk magnesium, serbuk zink, serbuk plumbum dan serbuk kuprum yang masing-masing masing masing ditindak balas dengan gas oksigen. Table 1.2 shows the observations on the brightness of glow or flame when the metal powders react with, oxygen gas. Jadual 1.2 menunjukkan pemerhatian tentang keamatan baraan atau nya nyalaan apabila serbuk logam bertindak balas dengan gas oksigen. Metal/ logam Magnesium/ Magnesium Observation/ Pemerhatian Magnesium burns brightly Magnesium terbakar dengan nyalaan berkilau Zinc burns fairly bright Zink menyala dengan terang Lead glows brightly Plumbum membara dengan terang Copper glows faintly Kuprum membara dengan malap
Zinc / Zink Lead / Plumbum
Copper / Kuprum
Table 1.2 / Jadual 1.2
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(a)
State the operational definition for the reactivity of metal. Nyatakan definisi secara operasi bagi kereaktifan logam ..... [3 marks]
(b)
What can be observed to the residue after heating the lead powder? Apakah yang diperhatikan ke atas baki selepas memanaskan serbuk plumbum? ..... [3 marks]
c)
Based on the observation in Table 1.2, state the inference for the reaction between magnesium powder and oxygen gas. Berdasarkan pemerhatian dalam Jadual 1.2, nyatakan inferens bagi tindak balas antara magnesium dan oksigen.. ..... [3 marks]
d)
Based on this experiment, state the: Berdasarkan eksperimen ini, nyatakan: (i) Manipulated variable Pemboleh ubah dimanipulasi .... [3 marks] (ii) Responding variable Pemboleh ubah bergerak balas .... [3 marks] (iii) Constant variable Pemboleh ubah dimalarkan .... [3 marks]
(e)
State the hypothesis for the experiment. Nyatakan hipotesis bagi eksperimen ini. ..... [3 marks]
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(f)
Based on the observations in Table 1.2, arrange zinc, copper, lead and magnesium in ascending order of reactivity of metal towards oxygen. Berdasarkan pemerhatian dalam Jadual 1.2, susunkan logam zink, kuprum, plumbum dan magnesium mengikut tertib kereaktifan logam terhadap oksigen secara menaik. ..... [3 marks]
(g)
Predict the position of iron in the reactivity series of metals. Ramalkan kedudukan logam ferum dalam sin kereaktifan logam. ..... [3 marks]
(h)
In this experiment, zinc takes a longer time to start burning compared to magnesium. Explain. Dalam eksperimen ini, zink memerlukan masa yang lebih panjang untuk mula menyala berbanding dengan magnesium. Terangkan. ..... ..... ..... [3 marks] Lead Zinc Copper Magnesium
(i)
Classify the metals into more reactive metals than iron and less reactive metals than iron when react with oxygen. Kelaskan logam-logam di atas kepada dua kumpulan iaitu kumpulan logam yang lebih reaktif daripada besi dan kumpulan logam yang kurang reaktif daripada besi apabila bertindak balas dengan oksigen. More reactive metal than iron/ Logam yang lebih reaktif daripada besi Less reactive metal than iron/ Logam yang kurang reaktif daripada besi [3 marks]
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(j)
Another experiment is carried out to determine the empirical formula of magnesium oxide. Diagram 1.3 shows the results of the experiment. Satu eksperimen yang lain dijalankan untuk menentukan formula empirik bagi magnesium oksida. Rajah 1.3 menunjukkan keputusan bagi eksperimen tersebut.
(i)
Record the readings of the experiment with two decimal places. Rekod bacaan bagi eksperimen dengan dua titik perpuluhan Mass of crucible + lid Jisim mangkuk pijar + penutup Mass of crucible + lid + magnesium ribbon Jisim mangkuk pijar + penutup + pita magnesium :
Mass of crucible + lid + magnesium oxide : Jisim mangkuk pijar + penutup + magnesium oksida [3 marks] (ii) Based on (j) (i), construct a table to record the readings of the experiment. Berdasarkan (j) (i), bina satu jadual untuk merekodkan bacaan bagi eksperiment tersebut.
3 marks]
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2010 Johor P2C9 15. (a) By using suitable example, explain what are meant by empirical formula and molecular formula. Dengan menggunakan contoh yang sesuai, terangkan apa yang dimaksudkan dengan formula empirik dan formula molekul. [3 marks] (b) The information below is for compound Q Maklumat berikut adalah bagi sebatian Q.

Carbon Karbon Hydrogen Hidrogen Oxygen Oksigen Relative molecular mass Jisim molekul relatif
40.00% 6.66% 53.33% 180
Based on the information of compound Q, determine: Berdasarkan maklumat bagi sebatian Q, tentukan: The empirical formula Formula empiriknya (ii) The molecular formula Formula molekulnya [ Relative atomic mass: C,12; H,1; 0,16] [ Jisim atom relatif: C,12; H,1; 0,16]
(i) [ 5 marks]
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(c) Diagram 9 shows the set-up of apparatus to determine the empirical formula of two different compounds. Rajah 9 menunjukkan susunan radas bagi menentukan formula empirik dua sebatian yang berlainan.
Method I Kaedah I Crucible lid Penutup Chemical substance Bahan kimia Heat panaskan
Method II Kaedah II Chemical substance Bahan kimia
Dry hydrogen gas Gas hidrogen kering
Heat panaskan
Table 9/ Rajah 9 (i) Explain why method II is not suitable to determine the empirical formula of magnesium oxide? Terangkan mengapa kaedah II tidak sesuai bagi menentukan formula empirik bagi magnesium oksida? [1 mark] (ii) Suggest one metal oxide in method II. Cadangkan satu oksida logam dalam kaedah II. [1 mark] (iii) Using a suitable example, describe a laboratory experiment to determine the empirical formula of an oxide of a reactive metal. Your explanation should include: Dengan menggunakan contoh yang sesuai, huraikan suatu eksperimen di makmal untuk menentukan formula empirik bagi suatu oksida logam reaktif.. Penerangan anda mestilah meliputi : Procedure of the experiment Prosedur bagi eksperimen Tabulation of data Penjadualan data [10 marks]
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CHEMICAL FORMULAE A ND EQUATIONS

JKD KIMIA KLUANG, JOHOR DARUL TAZIM

Ionic compound QX2 : .... .. Sebatian ion QX2 [2 marks]

Anhydrous calcium chloride, Kalsium klorida kontang

Molecular Formula Formula molekul C4H8 C4H10 C4H9OH C2H5COOH

Hydrogen gas Gas hidrogen

Copper oxide Kuprum oksida

Heat Dipanaskan Part B Bahagian B

Diagram 7.2 Rajah 7.2

2KI(aq) + Pb(NO3)2(aq) (i)

Dilute hydrochloric acid Asid hidroklorik cair Part A Bahagian A

Zinc / Zink Lead / Plumbum

Table 1.2 / Jadual 1.2

40.00% 6.66% 53.33% 180

Method II Kaedah II Chemical substance Bahan kimia

Dry hydrogen gas Gas hidrogen kering

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