SOALAN TUGASAN /ASSIGNMENT QUESTION

The teaching-learning of rational numbers (e.g. Fractions and Decimals) at primary level should be built on pupils previous knowledge of whole-number concepts and skills plus their experiences with fractional numbers in everyday life. It cannot be denied that many pupils face difficulties in the learning of Fractions and Decimals and often develop misconceptions. (Pengajaran-pembelajaran nombor nisbah (misalnya 'Pecahan' dan 'Perpuluhan') di

peringkat sekolah rendah perlu dibina atas pengetahuan sedia ada murid mengenai konsep dan kemahiran nombor bulat serta pengalaman mereka dengan nombor pecahan dalam kehidupan harian. Ia tidak dapat dinafikan bahawa banyak murid menghadapi kesukaran dalam pembelajaran 'Pecahan' dan 'Perpuluhan dan selalunya terjadi salah tanggapan.)

Study the Year Four Malaysian Curriculum Specifications for Primary Mathematics and identify what Year Four pupils need to learn about Fractions and Decimals. Create a concept map to summarise major mathematical concepts and skills as well as relationships pertaining to these two topics. (Kaji Spesifikasi Kurikulum MatematikTahun Empat bagi Sekolah Rendah Malaysia

dan mengenal pasti apakah yang murid tahun Empat perlu belajar mengenai 'Pecahan' dan 'Perpuluhan. Binakan sebuah peta konsep untuk merumuskan konsep dan kemahiran utama matematik serta hubungan yang berkaitan dengan kedua-dua topik.)

State and describe TWO common difficulties each encountered in the learning of Fractions and Decimals by Year Four pupils. List and clarify TWO possible misconceptions each arising from the learning of these two topics. (Nyatakan dan terangkan DUA keuskaran biasa yang dihadapi dalam setiap

pembelajaran 'Pecahan' dan 'Perpuluhan' oleh murid-murid Tahun Empat. Senaraikan dan jelaskan DUA salah tanggapan yang mungkin timbul daripada setiap pembelajaran kedua-dua topik.)

Suggest ways to help children overcome the difficulties and misconceptions highlighted using suitable teaching-learning activities and resources. (Cadangkan cara-cara untuk membantu kanak-kanak mengatasi kesukaran dan

salah tanggapan yang dinyatakan menggunakan aktiviti pengajaran-pembelajaran dan sumber yang sesuai .)

Search for relevant supporting literature from various sources. Present your points in the form of a written report using a suitable format.

(Cari literatur sokongan yang relevan daripada pelbagai sumber. Sampaikan idea

anda dalam bentuk satu aporan bertulis menggunakan format yang sesuai.)
(Note: Submit relevant supporting documents including literature review, References in APA Format, graphic organisers such as concept maps, etc. as Appendices in your report.)

(Nota: Kemukakan dokumen-dokumen sokongan yang berkaitan termasuk tinjauan

literatur, Rujukan dalam Format APA, penganjur grafik seperti peta konsep, dan lainlain sebagai Lampiran dalam laporan anda).

[Total: 40 marks] ____________________________________________________________________________ References /Suggested Websites:

1.

Cathcart, W.G., Pothier, Y.M., Vance,J.H. and Bezuk, N.S. (2000). Learning mathematics in elementary and middle schools. 3rd. ed. Hansen, A. (2005). Childrens errors in mathematics. Understanding common misconceptions in primary schools. Exeter: Learning Matters Ltd. Kennedy, L.M., Tipps, S., and Johnson, A. (2004). Guiding childrens learning of mathematics. 10th ed. USA: Wadsworth. Koshy, V., Ernest, P. and Casey, R. (2000). Mathematics for primary teachers. USA: Routledge. Ministry of Education (2003). Curriculum Specifications. Mathematics Year 4. Kuala Lumpur: Bahagian Perkembangan Kurikulum Malaysia. Reys, et. al (2004). Helping children learn mathematics. 7th ed. USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Sgroi, L. S. (2001). Teaching elementary and middle school mathematics. Raising the standards. USA: Wadsworth. http://numeracyaction.wikispaces.com/Misconceptions http://www.ehow.com/info_8258752_ideas-teaching-decimals-fractions. html http://mathlanding.org/content/teaching-fractions http://www.ehow.com/info_8050862_strategies-kids-math-misconceptions. html

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