Kansas Science Education Standards Middle School Glossary

The Kansas Science Education Standards Glossary is a compilation of terms identified by the writing committee as pertinent to the curriculum of Kansas science. The terms found in this document have been pulled from the 2007 Science Education Standards. Terms were defined with special consideration of the conte t within the item specifications for the state science assessment! see science flipcharts "www.#sde.org$. This glossary is meant to provide clarity of the terms and is geared toward teachers% administrators% substitutes% parents% and community partners. This glossary has not been created with the intent of student distribution. Special than#s for the dedication of the writing team members who devoted countless hours to the development this glossary. Glossary &riting 'ommittee (embers
Susan Arnold Jim Benz Lu Bitter Brian Cole Lorrie Donham Cind! "ar#i$% Anne &a#%s Be$%! &uss Bill (ell! )att (reh*iel Jean La%e+Bro#n ,at )$(inne! USD 266 USD 202 USD 382 USD 441 USD 25 USD 383 USD 4 ' USD 263 USD 4 ' USD 4'5 USD 205 USD 335 (elli )iller -odd )iller Jenni.er )otter Brenda /i..e! Sherri S$haa%e John S$hro$% Sharron S1en$e Lorraine Sulli2an "ermaine -a33art Shauna -ini$h /on 5or% Colleen 6in% USD 25 USD 4 0 USD 305 USD 382 USD 385 0SU USD 512 USD 22 4&SU USD 261 USD 331 USD 22

The glossary has four sections) Elementary% (iddle School% *igh School +ife , Earth-Space% and *igh School .hysical. /ecurring terms in some cases have been omitted% therefore% undefined terms may be found in a different section.

The KSDE does not discriminate on the basis of race, color, national origin, sex, disability, or age in its programs and activities. The following person has been designated to handle inquiries regarding the non discrimination policies! KSDE "eneral #ounsel$ %&' SE %'th (ve Tope)a, KS$ ***%&$ +,- &.* /&'0.

KS0E (iddle School Science Standards Glossary 1

abiotic- nonli2in37 as in a*ioti$ .a$tor7 #hi$h is a nonli2in3 1h!si$al and $hemi$al attri*ute o. a s!stem8 e939 li3ht7 tem1erature7 #ind 1atterns7 ro$%s7 soil7 1&7 1ressure7 et$9 in an en2ironment acid rain- rain $ontainin3 a$ids that .orm in the atmos1here #hen industrial 3as emissions :es1e$iall! sul.ur dio;ide and nitro3en o;ides< $om*ine #ith #ater adaptation- a $hara$teristi$ that hel1s an or3anism sur2i2e in its en2ironment or re1rodu$e aerobic exercise- *ris% e;er$ise that 1romotes the $ir$ulation o. o;!3en throu3h the *od!8 e939 runnin37 s#immin37 and $!$lin3 air resistance- .ri$tion e;1erien$ed *! o*=e$ts mo2in3 throu3h air angle of incidence- the an3le *et#een an in$omin3 #a2e and an ima3inar! line dra#n 1er1endi$ular to the sur.a$e o. the *arrier or ne# medium angle of reflection- the an3le *et#een a re.le$ted #a2e and an ima3inar! line dra#n 1er1endi$ular to the sur.a$e o. the *arrier apparent brightness- measure o. a star>s li3ht o*ser2ed or re$ei2ed at a $ertain 1osition :a11arent ma3nitude< asexual reproduction- re1rodu$tion in #hi$h an or3anism 1rodu$es one or more $o1ies o. itsel.7 su$h as *! .ission or *uddin3 asteroids- small ro$%! *odies7 a*out 17000 %m or less in diameter7 in s1a$e o.ten .ound *et#een the or*its o. )ars and Ju1iter astronomy- the s$ienti.i$ stud! o. o*=e$ts and their 1ro1erties outside 0arth>s atmos1here atmosphere- the mi;ture o. 3ases surroundin3 0arth and other 1lanets atmospheric pressure - the #ei3ht o. the atmos1here 1ressin3 on the sur.a$e o. 0arth atom- the smallest 1arti$le o. an element that $an e;ist either alone or in $om*ination average speed- the total distan$e di2ided *! the total time axis- 19 a strai3ht line a*out #hi$h a *od! or a 3eometri$ .i3ure ma! rotate 29 a strai3ht line #ith res1e$t to #hi$h a *od! or .i3ure is s!mmetri$al bacteria- mi$ros$o1i$7 sin3le+$elled or3anisms that 1ossess a 1ro%ar!oti$ t!1e o. $ell stru$ture balance- 19 an instrument .or #ei3hin3 29 e?ualit! *et#een the totals o. the t#o sides balanced forces- e?ual .or$es a$tin3 on an o*=e$t in o11osite dire$tions7 the o*=e$t does not mo2e bias- statisti$al sam1lin3 or testin3 error $aused *! s!stemati$all! .a2orin3 some out$omes o2er others

KS0E (iddle School Science Standards Glossary 2

biological diversity- the ran3e o. natural 2ariet! o. s1e$ies in an e$os!stem :*iodi2ersit!< biome- $lassi.i$ation o. $ertain 1h!si$al and $hemi$al $hara$teristi$s o. an en2ironment7 su$h as tundra7 3rassland7 et$ biosphere- the 1art o. the #orld in #hi$h li.e $an e;ist biotic- 1arts o. an e$os!stem li2in3 or on$e li2in3 boiling point- the tem1erature at #hi$h a li?uid *e$omes a 3as cardiovascular system- *od! s!stem $onsistin3 o. the heart7 *lood 2essels7 and *lood that $ir$ulates *lood throu3hout the *od!7 deli2ers nutrients and other essential materials to $ells7 and remo2es #aste 1rodu$ts cell- the *asi$ stru$tural7 .un$tional7 and *iolo3i$al unit o. all or3anisms cell membrane- the semi+1ermea*le *oundar! o. $ells cell theory- theor! that all %no#n li2in3 thin3s are made u1 o. $ells7 the $ell is the stru$tural and .un$tional unit o. all li2in3 thin3s7 and all li2in3 $ells $ome .rom 1re+e;istin3 $ells cell wall- the .airl! ri3id la!er surroundin3 a 1lant or .un3us $ell7 lo$ated e;ternal to the $ell mem*rane7 #hi$h 1ro2ides the $ell #ith stru$tural su11ort7 1rote$tion7 and a$ts as a .ilterin3 me$hanism chemical change- 1ro$ess in #hi$h su*stan$es are $han3ed into one or more di..erent 1rodu$ts chemical energy- a .orm o. 1otential ener3! in #hi$h ener3! is stored in $hemi$al *onds8 e939 ener3! stored in a *atter! or .ood chemical property- 1ro1ert! that $han3es the $hemi$al nature o. matter #hen in the 1resen$e o. other su*stan$es or $onditions8 e939 heat o. $om*ustion7 rea$ti2it! #ith #ater7 1&7 ele$tromoti2e .or$e chloroplast- a 3reen stru$ture o. 1lant $ells and other or3anisms in #hi$h .ood is made *! 1hotos!nthesis circulatory system- the s!stem $onsistin3 o. the heart and a $losed s!stem o. 2essels :arteries7 2eins7 and $a1illaries< #hi$h 1ro2ide a $ontinuous .lo# o. *lood to !our *od!7 su11l!in3 the tissues #ith o;!3en and nutrients climate- the lon3+term #eather $onditions .or a re3ion7 3enerall! determined *! se2eral !ears o. re$ords comet- a small *od! $om1osed o. i$e and ro$% that tra2els in an elli1ti$al or*it around the sun community- an e$olo3i$al unit $om1osed o. 3rou1s o. or3anisms or a 1o1ulation o. di..erent s1e$ies o$$u1!in3 a 1arti$ular area compaction- sediments 1ressed to3ether *! 3ra2it! and their o#n #ei3ht compound- a su*stan$e made o. a $om*ination o. t#o or more elements held to3ether *! $hemi$al *onds that $annot *e se1arated *! 1h!si$al means conclusion- a summation o. #hat is learned .rom an e;1eriment

KS0E (iddle School Science Standards Glossary 2

condensation- 1ro$ess o. a 3as $han3in3 to a li?uid7 su$h as #ater 2a1or into #ater dro1lets conduction- the trans.er o. ener3! *! dire$t $onta$t7 .rom one su*stan$e to another conservation of mass- the 1rin$i1le *! #hi$h matter is neither $reated nor destro!ed #hen it under3oes a $hemi$al rea$tion constant- a ?uantit! that7 under stated $onditions7 does not 2ar! #ith $han3es in the en2ironment constructive processes- 1ro$esses that *uild u1 land.orms on 0arth@s sur.a$e su$h as $rust .ormation7 2ol$anoes7 and sediment de1osition consumer- an or3anism re?uirin3 $om1le; or3ani$ $om1ounds .or .ood7 #hi$h are o*tained *! 1re!in3 on other or3anisms or *! eatin3 1arti$les o. or3ani$ matter continental drift- the 3radual mo2ement o. $ontinents *! te$toni$ 1lates under 0arth@s sur.a$e #hi$h $auses land masses to mo2e to#ard or a#a! .rom one another control group- the 3rou1 treated normal to #hi$h the e;1erimental 3rou1 is $om1ared convection- heat trans.er *! mo2in3 1arti$les in .luids7 and the thermal ener3! that the! $arr! convection currents- a $!$li$al 1attern o. mo2ement in a .luid *od!7 dri2en *! densit! 2ariations and resultin3 .rom di..eren$es in tem1erature .rom one 1art to another converging- 1late *oundaries o. 0arth@s $rust 1ushin3 to3ether corrosive- 19 re.ers to an! su*stan$e that o;idizes metal or .lesh 29 in $hemi$al la*elin37 a hi3hl! rea$ti2e su*stan$e that $auses dama3e to li2in3 tissue crust- the u11er 1art o. the lithos1here7 di2ided into o$eani$ $rust and $ontinental $rust cytoplasm- the material *et#een the nu$lear and $ell mem*ranes8 in$ludes .luid7 or3anelles7 and 2arious mem*ranes data- re$orded o*ser2ations .rom e;1eriments data table- a .rame#or% .or or3anizin3 data measured or re$orded .rom an e;1eriment day- the time re?uired .or a 1lanet or moon to rotate on$e on its a;is decomposer- an or3anism that eats dead or de$a!in3 matter deep ocean trench- a $an!on in the o$ean .loor resultin3 .rom te$toni$ 1late mo2ement dependent variable- the .a$tor measured or o*ser2ed to o*tain results :sometimes re.erred to as the res1ondin3 2aria*le<7 usuall! 3ra1hed on the !+a;is deposition- #hen sediments are $arried *! #ind or #ater and are de1osited in a ne# lo$ation

KS0E (iddle School Science Standards Glossary 3

destructive process- 1ro$ess that *rea%s do#n land.orms on 0arth@s sur.a$e su$h as #eatherin3 and erosion digestive system- *od! or3ans res1onsi*le .or 3ettin3 .ood into and out o. the *od! and .or ma%in3 use o. .ood direct relationship- #hen t#o or more 2aria*les are related and $han3e to3ether dissolve- to $han3e .rom a solid to a dis1ersed .orm in a .luid diverge- #hen 1late *oundaries mo2e a#a! .rom ea$h other ecosystem- the intera$tin3 s!stem o. a *iolo3i$al $ommunit! and its non+li2in3 en2ironmental surroundin3s electrical energy- ener3! that results .rom the $han3e in motion or 1osition o. ele$tri$al $har3es electromagnetic energy- ener3! 1rodu$ed *! $han3in3 ele$tri$ and ma3neti$ .ields electron- a ne3ati2el! $har3ed su*atomi$ 1arti$le that resides outside :*ut is *ound to< the nu$leus o. an atom element- one o. the %no#n $hemi$al su*stan$es that $annot *e *ro%en do#n .urther #ithout $han3in3 its $hemi$al 1ro1erties elevation- an o*=e$t>s hei3ht a*o2e a .i;ed re.eren$e 1oint7 o.ten the mean sea le2el emission- the release or dis$har3e o. a 1ollutant into the air energy conservation- 19 :la# o.< ener3! $annot *e $reated or destro!ed *ut ma! $han3e .orms8 e939 %ineti$ to thermal7 1otential to %ineti$7 et$9 29 the 1ra$ti$e o. de$reasin3 the ?uantit! o. ener3! used energy pyramid- a 3ra1hi$al re1resentation sho#in3 the .lo# o. ener3! throu3h an e$os!stem energy transfer- ener3! trans.erred *! doin3 #or% or *! heat7 .rom one lo$ation to another energy transformation- 1ro$ess o. $han3in3 one .orm o. ener3! to another erosion- 3rou1 o. natural 1ro$esses7 in$ludin3 #eatherin37 dissolution7 a*rasion7 $orrosion7 and trans1ortation7 *! #hi$h material is #orn a#a! .rom 0arth>s sur.a$e evaporation- the 1ro$ess o. a li?uid $han3in3 into a 2a1or or 3as evidence- .a$ts or si3ns that hel1 one to .orm an o1inion *ased on o*ser2ations evolution- $han3e o2er time experimental group- e;1osed to all $onditions o. the e;1eriment e;$e1t the e;1erimental 2aria*le experimental procedure- detailed7 ste1+*!+ste1 dire$tions .or $ondu$tin3 a s$ien$e e;1eriment #hi$h allo# du1li$ation

KS0E (iddle School Science Standards Glossary 4

extrapolation- the 1ro$ess o. $onstru$tin3 ne# data 1oints outside a dis$rete set o. %no#n data 1oints fertilization- .usion o. 3ametes to 1rodu$e a ne# or3anism o. the same s1e$ies food chain- a se?uen$e o. or3anisms #ithin a $ommunit!7 ea$h o. #hi$h uses the ne;t7 lo#er mem*er o. the se?uen$e as an ener3! sour$e food web- all o. the intera$ti2e .eedin3 relationshi1s *! #hi$h ener3! and nutrients are trans.erred *et#een or3anisms in a $ommunit! force- 1ush or 1ull that $han3es the motion or sha1e o. an o*=e$t fossil fuels- .uel deri2ed .rom an$ient or3ani$ remains8 e939 1eat7 $oal7 $rude oil7 natural 3as freezing point- #hen heat is remo2ed7 the tem1erature at #hi$h a li?uid *e$omes a solid #ith a 3i2en set o. $onditions friction- the .or$e resistin3 the relati2e motion o. t#o sur.a$es in $onta$t or a sur.a$e in $onta$t #ith a .luid fungi(us - 3rou1 o. or3anisms la$%in3 $hloro1h!ll :i9e9 are not 1hotos!ntheti$< and #hi$h are usuall! non+ mo*ile7 .ilamentous7 and multi$ellular gas- mole$ules that are onl! #ea%l! attra$ted to ea$h other and are .ree to mo2e a*out in s1a$e generation- o..s1rin3 that are at the same sta3e o. des$ent .rom a $ommon an$estor genotype- the 3enes that an or3anism 1ossesses .or a 1arti$ular trait+ 3enot!1e is not =ust the e;1ressed 3ene8 instead7 it in$ludes an! re$essi2e 3enes mas%ed *! the dominant 3ene o. a $oded 1air geosphere- the solid 1ortion o. 0arth in$ludin3 land.orms7 ro$%s7 minerals and soil7 as #ell as the interior geothermal- the internal heat o. 0arth geotropism- 3ro#th o. a li2in3 or3anism in res1onse to 3ra2it!7 su$h as the do#n#ard 3ro#th o. 1lant roots global warming- the 3radual in$rease o. the tem1erature o. 0arth>s lo#er atmos1here as a result o. the in$rease in 3reenhouse 3ases gravity- the .or$e o. attra$tion *et#een all masses in the uni2erse greenhouse effect- #armin3 o. 0arth>s atmos1here attri*utin3 to a *uild u1 o. $ar*on dio;ide or other 3ases greenhouse gas- 3as su$h as $ar*on dio;ide or methane #hi$h $ontri*utes to 1otential $limate $han3e heat- the %ineti$ mo2ement o. mole$ules in an o*=e$t that $ause an in$rease in tem1erature8 ener3! is trans.erred .rom a #armer o*=e$t to a $ooler o*=e$t heat energy- the ener3! in an o*=e$t due to the motion o. its 1arti$les

KS0E (iddle School Science Standards Glossary 5

heredity- the 1assin3 o. traits .rom 1arents to o..s1rin3 *! 3enes hibernation- a state in #hi$h meta*olism slo#s in $ertain animals redu$in3 their need .or .ood and 1rote$tin3 them .rom $old humidity- the amount o. #ater 2a1or in the air hydrosphere- all #ater on 0arth8 in the atmos1here as #ell as in o$eans7 la%es7 3la$iers7 ri2ers7 streams7 and under3round reser2oirs hypothesis- a testa*le e;1lanation .or an o*ser2ation or s$ienti.i$ 1ro*lem igneous roc!- .orms as molten ro$% $ools and *e$omes solid illuminated- #hen an o*=e$t $an *e seen *e$ause it re.le$ts li3ht imbalance- #hen thin3s are not e?ual immune- ha2in3 1rote$tion :anti*odies< a3ainst disease+$ausin3 a3ents inclined plane"ramp- a sim1le ma$hine that is a slo1in3 sur.a$e independent variable- the one .a$tor in an e;1eriment that is determined and $han3ed *! the e;1erimenter :sometimes re.erred to as the mani1ulated 2aria*le<7 usuall! 3ra1hed on the ;+a;is inertia- the resistan$e o. an o*=e$t to a $han3e in the s1eed or dire$tion o. its motion infiltration- the see1a3e o. #ater into soil and ro$% innate responses- an or3anism>s natural rea$tion to a stimulus integumentary- the *od! s!stem that is the natural outer *od! $o2erin3 o. an animal su$h as the s%in interpolation- 3atherin3 in.ormation #ithin a 3ra1h that is not a data 1oint interpret- to determine the 1atterns and trends .rom s$ienti.i$ data or in.ormation inverse relationships- relationshi1 o. 2aria*lesA #hen one in$reases7 the other de$reases !inetic energy- ener3! o. motion levels of organization- se?uen$e o. the stru$tures o. li2in3 thin3s .rom the least $om1le; to the most $om1le;+ $ells7 tissues7 or3ans7 or3an s!stems7 or3anisms lever- sim1le ma$hine $onsistin3 o. a ri3id *ar 1i2oted on a .i;ed 1oint and used to transmit .or$e light- a .orm o. ele$troma3neti$ ener3! that tra2els in #a2es throu3h s1a$e and $an *e seen #hen it intera$ts #ith matter li#uid- a .orm o. matter that $an .lo# easil! and ta%es the sha1e o. an! $ontainer

KS0E (iddle School Science Standards Glossary 7

lithosphere- the solid7 outer la!er o. the 0arth that $onsists o. the $rust and the ri3id u11er 1art o. the mantle locomotion- sel.+1ro1elled mo2ement lunar eclipse- e2ent in #hi$h the shado# o. 0arth .alls on the moon mantle- la!er o. hot ro$% *et#een 0arth>s $rust and $ore marine- moist air mass ori3inatin3 o2er #ater mass- a measure o. the amount o. matter in an o*=e$t matter- an!thin3 that has mass and ta%es u1 s1a$e mean - one o. the measures o. $entral tenden$! :a2era3e<8 the sum o. num*ers in a set o. data di2ided *! the num*er o. 1ie$es o. data mechanical energy- the amount o. #or% an o*=e$t $an do *e$ause o. the o*=e$t>s %ineti$ and 1otential ener3ies media (medium - an inter2enin3 su*stan$e7 su$h as air7 throu3h #hi$h a .or$e a$ts or an e..e$t is 1rodu$ed meiosis- the 1ro$ess that o$$urs in se; $ells :s1erm and e33< in #hi$h the num*er o. $hromosomes is redu$ed *! hal. melting point- #hen heat is *ein3 added7 the tem1erature at #hi$h a solid *e$omes a li?uid metamorphic roc!- 1ree;istin3 ro$% that is restru$tured *! hi3h tem1erature and 1ressure migration- the 1eriodi$ 1assa3e o. 3rou1s o. animals :es1e$iall! *irds or .ishes< .rom one re3ion to another .or .eedin3 or *reedin3 mineral- 19 a $lass o. nutrients that are $hemi$al elements needed .or $ertain *od! 1ro$esses 29 a naturall! o$$urrin3 inor3ani$ solid that has a $r!stalline stru$ture and a de.inite $hemi$al $om1osition mitosis- sta3e o. the $ell>s li.e $!$le durin3 #hi$h the $ell>s nu$leus di2ides into t#o ne# nu$lei and one $o1! o. the DBA is distri*uted into ea$h dau3hter $ell model- a 1attern7 1lan7 re1resentation7 or des$ri1tion desi3ned to sho# the stru$ture or #or%in3s o. an o*=e$t7 s!stem7 or $on$e1t molecule- smallest 1arti$le o. a su*stan$e that retains all the 1ro1erties o. the su*stan$e and is $om1osed o. one or more atoms momentum- a ?uantit! de.ined as the 1rodu$t o. the mass and 2elo$it! o. an o*=e$t moon- a natural satellite re2ol2in3 around a 1lanet moon phases- the $han3e in the sunlit area o. one $elestial *od! :the moon< #hen 2ie#ed .rom another $elestial *od! :0arth<

KS0E (iddle School Science Standards Glossary 6

motion- an o*=e$t>s $han3e in 1osition relati2e to a re.eren$e 1oint multicellular- $onsistin3 o. man! $ells8 multi$ellular or3anism

natural selection- 19 the 1ro$ess *! #hi$h indi2iduals that are *etter ada1ted to their en2ironment sur2i2e and re1rodu$e more su$$ess.ull! than less #ell ada1ted indi2iduals 29 a theor! to e;1lain the me$hanism o. e2olution nervous system- the s!stem o. $ells7 tissues7 and or3ans that re3ulates the *od!>s res1onses to internal and e;ternal stimuli net force- the $om*ination o. all .or$es a$tin3 on an o*=e$t neutron- a su*atomi$ 1arti$le that has no $har3e and is .ound in the nu$leus o. an atom $ewton- the unit .or .or$e :s!m*ol7 B< $octurnal- an or3anism that is a$ti2e at ni3ht :o11osed to diurnal< nonrenewable resource- a resour$e that .orms at a rate that is mu$h slo#er than the rate at #hi$h it is $onsumed8 e939 oil nuclear energy- 19 the ener3! released *! a .ission or .usion rea$tion 29 the *indin3 ener3! o. the atomi$ nu$leus nucleus- 19 an atom>s $entral re3ion7 made u1 o. 1rotons and neutrons 29 a mem*rane+*ound or3anelle that $ontains the $ell>s DBA and has a role in 1ro$esses su$h as 3ro#th7 meta*olism7 and re1rodu$tion orbit- $ur2ed 1ath .ollo#ed *! a 1lanet7 moon7 or satellite as it re2ol2es around an o*=e$t organ- t#o or more di..erent tissues in an or3anism that are or3anized to do a 1arti$ular =o*8 e939 *rain7 lea.7 stoma$h organ system- related or3ans that #or% to3ether to do a set o. tas%s8 e939 di3esti2e s!stem organic- 19 des$ri*es $om1ounds $ontainin3 the element $ar*on 29 $omin3 .rom an or3anism 39 .ood .rom an animal or 1lant that has *een raised #ithout s!ntheti$ 1esti$ides7 .ertilizers7 et$9 organism- an! li2in3 thin3 ovum- an e33 $ell ozone layer- la!er o. atmos1here $om1osed mainl! o. ozone :C3< 1 +48 %m a*o2e 0arth that shields 0arth .rom most o. the sun>s ultra2iolet ra!s

KS0E (iddle School Science Standards Glossary 7

parasite- or3anism #hi$h li2es on and .eeds .rom another or3anism7 harmin3 its host phase"state change (matter - 1ro$ess in #hi$h a su*stan$e $han3es .rom one state o. matter to another8 e939 meltin37 $ondensin3 phenotype- 1h!si$al or 2isi*le $hara$teristi$s o. an or3anism that are determined *! its alleles photosynthesis- $hemi$al 1ro$ess in #hi$h a 1lant $ell or 1rotist uses ener3! .rom sunli3ht alon3 #ith $ar*on dio;ide and #ater to 1rodu$e .ood :3lu$ose< and o;!3en phototropism- res1onse o. 1lants to#ard or a#a! .rom li3ht physical change- 1ro$ess #hi$h $han3es a su*stan$e>s .orm #ithout 1rodu$in3 a ne# su*stan$e planet- an! lar3e natural7 s1heri$al o*=e$t that re2ol2es around a star plate boundaries- the ed3es #here t#o or more te$toni$ 1lates meet8 ma! *e $on2er3ent7 di2er3ent7 or trans.orm plate tectonics- theor! that the lithos1here is made u1 o. a*out 30 lar3e se$tions or 1lates #hi$h are in $onstant7 2er! slo# motion polar- 19 relatin3 to the north or south 1oles o. 0arth 29 relatin3 to the 1oles o. ma3nets or *atteries pollination- the 1ro$ess in #hi$h 1ollen is trans.erred .rom the male to the .emale 1art o. the .lo#er or $one pollutants- su*stan$es #hi$h harm the en2ironment8 e939 smo%e7 1esti$ides7 litter population- 3rou1 o. or3anisms o. the same s1e$ies li2in3 and re1rodu$in3 in a 1arti$ular ha*itat or 3eo3ra1hi$ re3ion potential energy- 19 stored ener3! 29 ener3! o. 1osition precipitation- an! .orm o. #ater that .alls .rom the $louds8 e939 rain7 sno#7 hail7 sleet producer- an! or3anism su$h as a 1lant or 1rotist that is a*le to ma%e .ood throu3h 1hotos!nthesis or $hemos!nthesis property- s1e$ial ?ualit! or .eature o. a su*stan$e or an or3anism that ma! *e used .or identi.i$ation proton- su*atomi$ 1arti$le #ith a 1ositi2e $har3e .ound in the nu$leus o. an atom pulley- sim1le ma$hine made o. a #heel:s< #ith a ro1e or $hain 1assed o2er it #ualitative- in2ol2in3 ?ualit! or %ind7 re$orded #ith a $hara$teristi$ that $annot *e e;1ressed in num*ers #uantitative- the measured amount7 re$orded #ith a num*er

KS0E (iddle School Science Standards Glossary 10

radiant energy- ener3! #hi$h is transmitted *! #a2es radiation- ener3! trans.er #ithout dire$t $onta$t7 as in the trans1ort o. heat .rom the sun to 0arth radioactive- a su*stan$e #ith an unsta*le atomi$ nu$leus that loses ener3! *! emittin3 1arti$les or ele$troma3neti$ #a2es ramp" inclined plane- a sim1le ma$hine that is a slo1in3 sur.a$e reflect- to *oun$e *a$% :e939 li3ht< .rom a sur.a$e refract- the *endin3 o. #a2es :li3ht< as the! enter a di..erent medium regeneration- re3ro#th o. lost tissue relative position- the 1osition o. an o*=e$t in relation to o*=e$ts around it renewable resource- a natural resour$e that is $a1a*le o. re1lenishin38 e939 solar7 #ind replicate procedure- to $om1lete a 1ro$ess the same #a! it #as done *e.ore respiratory system- the s!stem *! #hi$h o;!3en 3ets ta%en into the *od! and an e;$han3e o. o;!3en and $ar*on dio;ide ta%es 1la$e response- an a$tion .ollo#in3 a stimulus result- out$ome7 usuall! o. an e;1eriment revolution- the mo2ement o. an o*=e$t around another7 $entral o*=e$t8 e939 0arth re2ol2es around the sun rift valley- a 2alle! that de2elo1s #hen t#o te$toni$ 1lates mo2e a1art and the land in the middle dro1s do#n %ing of &ire- an area asso$iated #ith 1late *oundaries around the ,a$i.i$ C$ean that has a lar3e amount o. 2ol$ani$ and earth?ua%e a$ti2it! %otation- the turnin3 o. an o*=e$t on its $entral a;is %unoff- #ater on land that drains into a *od! o. #ater sample size- num*er o. indi2iduals in the e;1erimental and $ontrol 3rou1s scientific evidence- data .ound usin3 a s$ienti.i$ 1ro$ess screw- a sim1le ma$hine $onsistin3 o. an in$lined 1lane #ra11ed around a $entral *ar seasons- 1eriodi$ $han3es in $limate due to 0arth>s 1osition relati2e to the sun sediment load- the amount o. sediments a stream $an $arr!

KS0E (iddle School Science Standards Glossary 11

sedimentary- ro$% .ormed .rom .ra3ments and mineral 3rains o. 2ar!in3 sizes .rom 1re+e;istin3 ro$%s7 remains or 1rodu$ts o. or3anisms7 the 1rodu$ts o. $hemi$al a$tion7 or a mi;ture o. these sedimentation- lettin3 solids settle out *!#a! o. 3ra2it! sex cell- re1rodu$ti2e $ell sexual reproduction- 1rodu$in3 a ne# 3eneration *! the $om*inin3 male and .emale se; $ells simple machine- a ma$hine #ith .e# or no mo2in3 1arts that 1ro2ides a me$hani$al ad2anta3e and $an *e $om*ined to ma%e other ma$hines s!eletal system- a *od!>s su11orti2e and 1rote$ti2e s!stem $onsistin3 o. *ones and $onne$ti2e tissues soil- to1 la!er o. 0arth>s sur.a$e $onsistin3 o. ro$% and mineral 1arti$les mi;ed #ith or3ani$ matter solar eclipse- #hen the moon is dire$tl! *et#een 0arth and the sun7 $astin3 its shado# on 0arth solar energy- radiant ener3! .rom the sun solar system- a star #ith a 3rou1 o. $elestial *odies or*itin3 it solid- su*stan$e #ith de.inite sha1e and 2olume7 the atoms are 1a$%ed ti3htl! to3ether in a re3ular 1attern #ith little mo2ement sound- a #a2e transmitted throu3h a medium species- a 3rou1 o. or3anisms that are $a1a*le o. *reedin3 to 1rodu$e .ertile o..s1rin3 speed- ho# .ast an o*=e$t $han3es 1osition o2er time spontaneous generation- theor! that li.e *e3an .rom nonli2in3 matter spring scale- tool used to measure .or$e or #ei3ht stable internal condition- the a*ilit! o. an or3anism to maintain a $onsistent en2ironment inside the *od! stamina- the a*ilit! o. a *od! to #or% .or lon3 1eriods o. time star- a $elestial *od! made o. hot 3ases in #hi$h nu$lear .usion o$$urs and .rom #hi$h ener3! is radiated stimuli"stimulus- somethin3 that $auses a res1onse substance- an o*=e$t that has mass and o$$u1ies s1a$e successive generations- 3enerations that o$$ur a.ter a .irst survival of species- the theor! that indi2iduals in a 1o1ulation *est a*le to o*tain and use resour$es #ill sur2i2e and re1rodu$e8 i9e9 sur2i2al o. .ittest

KS0E (iddle School Science Standards Glossary 12

system- 19 a 3rou1 o. related o*=e$ts 29 a 3rou1 o. or3ans #or%in3 to3ether tectonic plates- e;tremel! lar3e 1ie$es o. lithos1here :0arth>s $rust< temperature- a2era3e %ineti$ ener3! :mo2ement< o. mole$ules in an o*=e$t theory- a #ell+tested e;1lanation o. some as1e$t o. the natural #orld thermometer- instrument used to measure tem1erature :a2era3e %ineti$ mo2ement o. mole$ules in an o*=e$t< thermotropism- the mo2ement o. an or3anism *ased on a $han3e in tem1erature tide- 1eriodi$ rise and .all o. #ater le2el due to 3ra2itational attra$tion o. the sun and the moon a$tin3 on 0arth tissue- a 3rou1 o. $ells in an or3anism #ith a similar stru$ture and .un$tion toxic- ha2in3 the a..e$t o. 1oison trait- distin3uishin3 $hara$teristi$ or ?ualit! transpiration- the 1assin3 o. #ater throu3h a 1lant .rom the roots throu3h the 2as$ular s!stem to the atmos1here ultraviolet- ele$troma3neti$ #a2es #ith .re?uen$ies hi3her than 2isi*le li3ht7 *ut lo#er than ;+ra!s unbalanced force- a nonzero net .or$e7 #hi$h $han3es an o*=e$t>s motion validity- the e;tent to #hi$h a test measures #hat it $laims to measure variable- .a$tor that $an $han3e in an e;1eriment volume- amount o. s1a$e o$$u1ied *! an o*=e$t water table- u11ermost le2el *eneath 0arth #here soil and ro$% are saturated #ith #ater weathering- 1ro$ess *! #hi$h materials $han3e #hen e;1osed to $onditions at or near 0arth>s sur.a$e wedge- sim1le ma$hine that is thi$% at one ed3e and ta1ered to a thin ed3e at the other .or insertion in a narro# $re2i$e weight- the .or$e o. 3ra2it! e;erted on an o*=e$t>s mass wheel and axle- sim1le ma$hine made u1 o. t#o $!lindri$al o*=e$ts o. di..erent size #hi$h must mo2e to3ether white light- 2isi*le li3ht made *! $om*inin3 all o. the #a2elen3ths in the 2isi*le li3ht s1e$trum

KS0E (iddle School Science Standards Glossary 12

wind patterns- air mo2ement $aused *! tem1erature $han3e and in.luen$ed *! 1h!si$al .eatures su$h as mountain ran3es7 semi+1ermanent 1ressure s!stems7 and the sha1e and rotation o. 0arth wor!- .or$e e;erted on an o*=e$t $ausin3 it to mo2e a distan$e year - the time it ta%es .or a 1lanet to $om1lete one re2olution around a star

KS0E (iddle School Science Standards Glossary 13