HAUCK MANUFACTURING CO., P.O. Box 90, Lebanon, PA. 17042 717-272-3051
04/94
Example:
Fax: 717-273-9882
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1800 Lbs/Hr sawdust = 30 Lbs/Min 30 Lbs/Min x 2 (ratio factor) = 60 Lbs/Min 60 Lbs/MIn 0.075 Lbs/scf air = 800 cfm 2 6 ID pipe = 0.1964 ft area 2 800 cfm 0.1964 ft = 4073 fpm Figure 4 provides conveying velocities for various weighted materials. Sufficient velocities must be maintained throughout the conveying system to prevent settling. All airborne materials, except the finest of dusts or fumes, can settle in the system or even in the fan itself. When the settling occurs in the horizontal plane it is called saltation. When it occurs in the vertical plane it is simply called choking. Saltation is probably the most difficult to avoid because even the smallest ridge or duct seam can initiate the settling. Whenever possible, a downward slope is advantageous to employ the aid of gravity to minimize potential build-up. In selecting a blower for this application, the required conveying velocity for the maximum material flow and total duct areas dictate the volume of air required. Just as designing around a velocity that is too low will impede the material conveying capability of the system, unnecessarily high velocities can be detrimental as well. System resistance increases as the square of the increase in velocity, so energy can be wasted in the form of fan sizing to overcome the resistance. Figure 8 shows the friction loss for various velocities and duct sizes. These resistances are based on standard air. There are no charts available which list the friction for the various material carrying air flows with varying percentage of carrying capacities. The best method of determining resistance of air/material mixture is through pilot plant testing or experimentation. Most writings on this subject however, seem to indicate that selection based on standard air provides satisfactory performance. Pneumatic conveying systems do have their limitations, such as material size and temperature. However, they still provide many benefits. In addition to being very economical, they are also useful in controlling or minimizing product loss, improving dust control, and thus improving overall plant conditions.
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PICK UP SUCTION REQUIRED Figure 4 CONVEYING VELOCITIES MATERIAL Approx. Weight per Cu. Ft. [Lbs] 30 38 28 16 100 46 14 25 56 40 45 5 5 30 30 5 30 35 12 20 30 105 12 9 24 20 46 5 Required Pick up Suction [in. w.c.] 3 3 4 2 2 5 4 1 2 4 3 3 2 1 3 2 1 3 3 2 3 2 5 2 2 3 2 4 2
PNEUMATIC CONVEYING
Low pressure is used in applications for handling light , bulky materials like wood chips and dust, wool, grains, ash etc. Selection Example: Assume conveying 3000# of sawdust in an 8 hour day. 3000 8 = 375#/Hr 60 = 6.25#/min. Per Fig. 5 table, dry sawdust weight = 12#/ft . Per fig. 4 curve material weighing 12#/ft
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requires 67 cfm/# & 3750 FPM conveying velocity. Per fig. 5 chart 2 w.c. suction required at pick-up. 6.25 x 67 = 418.75 cfm required. Determine S.P. loss is system & collector + suction = total S.P. Select fan at 418.75 CFM @ total S.P. @ O.V. close to conveying velocity.
Ashes, coal Barley Beans Bran Buffing Cement Cinders Cork Corn Cobs Corn, ear Corn Meal Corn Shelled Cotton, (dry) Feathers, (dry) Fruit, Dried Grinding Dusts Hair Lime Malt Mineral Wool Paper, scraps or cuttings Rags, dry Sand Sawdust (dry) Shavings, wood (light) Shavings, wood (heavy) Tan Bark Wheat Wool (dry)
Figure 5
GJ74FA Page 5 Plain Openings Air will move in all directions towards openings under suction. Flow contours are lines of equal velocity in front of the inlet hood. Streamlines are lines perpendicular to the velocity contours. The tangent to a streamline at any point indicates the direction of air flow at that point. Figure 6 illustrates air flow in front of a circular inlet. The equation of flow before free hanging inlet hoods, round inlet hoods, and rectangular hoods which are essentially square, is: V= Where: V = Centerline velocity at X distance from hood, fpm.
X = Distance outward along axis in ft. (Note: accuracy of equation is assured only for conditions where X is within 1 D.) Q = Air flow, cfm. A = Area of hood opening in square feet D = Diameter of round hoods or side of essentially square hoods As is demonstrated by the above equation an d figure 6 below, there is a rapid decrease in velocity with increasing distances from the hood, varying almost inversely with the square of the distance. Where distances of X are greater than 1D, the velocity decreases less rapidly with distance than the above equation indicates.
Q 10 X 2 + A
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Friction of Air in Straight Ducts for Volumes of 1000 to 100000 Cfm Figure 8