H2 <D>

kondenser
kondenser

<A>
100%
C2H5OH

<B>
C2H5OH
CH3CHO

REAKTOR

<C>
H2
C2H5OH
CH3CHO

<E>
45% C2H5OH
55% CH3CHO

D
I
S
T
I
L
A
S
I

<F>
97% CH3CHO
1000 kg/jam

reboiler

<G>
95 % C2H5OH
5% CH3CHO
Reaksi : C2H5OH ---------------> CH3CHO + H2
Ditanya :
a.
b.
c.
d.
Penyelesaian :
Basis
= 1000 kg/jam di aliran <F>
Aliran <F> terdiri dari 97% mol CH3CHO dan 3% mol C2H5OH :
Menghitung total mol aliran <F> :
BM CH3CHO = 44 kg/kmol
BM C2H5OH = 46 kg/kmol
BM campuran =
( 0.97
x 44 ) + ( 0.03
x 46 )
=
44.06 kg/kmol
massa aliran <F>
1000
kg/jam
Mol aliran <F> =
=
=
22.7 kmol/jam
BM campuran
44.06
kg/kmol
(a)
I. Tinjau Sistem Distilasi
Neraca overall sistem distilasi :
<E>
= <F> + <G>
Neraca massa komponen pada sistem distilasi :
- Neraca massa komponen CH3CHO :
0.55
E =
0.97
F
+
0.05 G
0.55
E =
0.97
22.7
+
0.05 G
0.55
E =
22.015
+
0.05 G
-------------(persamaan 1)

- Neraca massa komponen C2H5OH :

0.45
E =
0.03
F
+
0.95 G
0.45
E =
0.03
22.7
+
0.95 G
0.45
E =
0.681
+
0.95 G
- Eliminasi persamaan (1) dan (2) :
0.55
E =
22.015
+
0.05 G
0.45
E =
0.681
+
0.95 G
10.45 E =
418.293
+
0.95 G
0.45
E =
0.681
+
0.95 G
10
E =
417.612
E =
41.761
kmol/jam
- Komponen di aliran E :
C2H5OH
=
0.45
x 41.761 kmol/jam =
CH3CHO
=
0.55
x 41.761 kmol/jam =
<E>
=
<F>
+
<G>
41.761
=
22.7
+
<G>
G
= 19.065 kmol/jam
- Komponen di aliran G :
C2H5OH
=
0.95
x 19.065 kmol/jam =
CH3CHO
=
0.05
x 19.065 kmol/jam =

-------------(x
(x

(persamaan 2)

19 )
1 )

18.793 kmol/jam
22.969 kmol/jam

18.112 kmol/jam
0.9532 kmol/jam

II. Tinjau Sistem Reaktor

<B>
C2H5OH
CH3CHO

REAKTOR

<C>
H2
C2H5OH
CH3CHO

- Komponen di aliran C :
C2H5OH
= C2H5OH di aliran E =
18.793 kmol/jam
CH3CHO
= CH3CHO di aliran E =
22.969 kmol/jam
H2
=
H2 dari reaksi
=
22.015 kmol/jam
Total mol aliran C
=
63.777 kmol/jam
- Komponen di aliran B :
CH3CHO
= CH3CHO di aliran G =
0.953
kmol/jam
C2H5OH
= C2H5OH dari reaksi =
40.808 kmol/jam
Total mol aliran B
=
41.761 kmol/jam
- Mol H2 di aliran <C> dan mol C2H5OH di aliran <B> dicari menggunakan reaksi :
C2H5OH
---------------->
CH3CHO
+
H2
(dalam kmol/jam)
Mula - mula :
x
0.953
Reaksi
:
y
y
y
Sisa
:
18.793
22.969
y
- y (CH3CHO yang bereaksi) =
CH3CHO sisa - CH3CHO mula-mula
=
22.969
0.953
=
22.015 kmol/jam
- Karena perbandingan koefisien antara H2, C2H5OH, dan CH3CHO = 1, maka mol yang bereaksi pun sama.
x (C2H5OH mula-mula)
=
C2H5OH sisa + C2H5OH bereaksi
=
18.793
+
22.015
=
40.808 kmol/jam -----------------> (mol C2H5OH di aliran B)
H2 bereaksi = H2 produk = H2 di aliran C
=
22.015 kmol/jam

III. Tinjau Sistem Kondensor

<D>

<C>
H2
C2H5OH
CH3CHO

<E>

H2

45% C2H5OH
55% CH3CHO

- Komponen di aliran <E> :

C2H5OH
=
18.793 kmol/jam
CH3CHO
=
22.969 kmol/jam
Total mol aliran E
=
41.761 kmol/jam
- Komponen di aliran <C> :
C2H5OH
= C2H5OH di aliran E =
18.793
CH3CHO
= CH3CHO di aliran E =
22.969
H2
=
H2 dari reaksi
=
22.015
Total mol aliran C
=
63.777
- Komponen di aliran <D> :
H2
=
H2 di aliran C
=
22.015
IV. Tinjau Sistem Mixing Point
<A>

kmol/jam
kmol/jam
kmol/jam
kmol/jam
kmol/jam

<B>

<G>
- Neraca overall sistem mixing point :
<A>
=
<B>
<G>
<A>
= 41.761 - 19.065
= 22.696 kmol/jam

<B>

<A>

<G>

3
V. Perhitungan Laju Alir Gross Feed Reaktor (dalam m /jam) :
- Komponen di aliran B :
CH3CHO
= CH3CHO di aliran G =
0.953
kmol/jam
C2H5OH
= C2H5OH dari reaksi =
40.808 kmol/jam
Total mol aliran B
=
41.761 kmol/jam
0.953
kmol/jam
- Fraksi mol CH3CHO =
= 0.0228
41.761 kmol/jam
40.808 kmol/jam
Fraksi mol C2H5OH =
= 0.9772
41.761 kmol/jam
- BM campuran aliran B =
( 0.9772 x 46 ) + ( 0.0228 x 44 )
- Massa aliran B
=
41.761 kmol/jam x
45.954 kg/kmol
= 1919.110 kg/jam
massa
1919.110 kg/jam
- Laju alir volumetrik
=
=
kg/m3
densitas
789

=
Resume jawaban (a) :
1. Fresh feed =
2.
Recycle
=
3. H2 off gas =

22.696
19.065
22.015

2.432

kmol/jam
kmol/jam
kmol/jam

4. Laju alir volumetrik gross feed =

3
2.432 m /jam

m3/jam

= 45.954 kg/kmol

b). Single pass conversion

Mol C2H5OH bereaksi

Mol C2H5OH mula-mula
22.015
=
x 100%
40.808
=
53.95%
=

100%

Perhitungan Neraca Energi Overall pada Reaktor

c). Perhitungan Panas Reaksi pada Reaktor
<B> 25oC
C2H5OH
CH3CHO

<C> 280oC
H2
C2H5OH
CH3CHO
Reaksi
: C2H5OH ---------------> CH3CHO + H2
Reaktan
Produk
Hf (kJ/kmol) mol*Hf (kJ)
Komponen mol Hf (kJ/kmol) mol*Hf (kJ) Komponen
mol
C2H5OH 22.015
-235310
-5180451.7 CH3CHO
22.015
-166400
-3663368.1
H2
22.015
0
0
Total
-5180451.7
Total
-3663368.1
H reaksi
Hf reaktan
= Hf produk = -3663368.1 - -5180451.657
= 1517083.5 kJ
Karena H reaksi bernilai ( + ), maka reaksi endothermis (menyerap panas), sehingga untuk menjaga
suhu agar tetap 280oC dibutuhkan steam (pemanas).

REAKTOR
(280oC)

d). Perhitungan Kebutuhan Steam

- Perhitungan Neraca Energi Reaktor
o
T reff
= 25 C
352
o
Karena feed masuk pada suhu 25 C, maka H input = 0
o
- Perhitungan Heat Capacity, Cp (kJ/kmol C) :
Komponen
a
b
c
d
B.P (oC)
T (oC)
C2H5OH
78.55
280
61.34 0.157 -9E-05 2E-08
280
CH3CHO
20.05
34.28 0.0427
0
-4E-09
280
H2
-252.76
28.84 8E-05 3E-09 -9E-10
- Perhitungan H output :
H H2
=
n (kmol)
x
cp (g) (kJ/kmoloC)
x T

=
=
H CH3CHO =
=
=
H C2H5OH =

22.015
x
161920.38 kJ
n (kmol)
x
22.969
x
270330.43 kJ
n x cp (g)
= 18.793 x 98.875
= 482296.68 kJ
Total H output = 161920.38
= 914547.49

28.843

x
o

cp (g) (kJ/kmol C)
46.155

280

25

x T
x 280

25

x T + n x Hv
x201.45 + 18.793 x 38.6
+
kJ

270330.43 +

fase gas
98.875
46.155
28.843

+ n x cp (l) x T
+
18.793 x###### x 53.55

482296.684

fase liquid
106.580
-

- Perhitungan Massa Steam yang Dibutuhkan

P (psia) P (kPa) T (oC) Hv (kJ/kg) hL (kJ/kg)
41.85 288.5 132.14
2723.4
555.48
Panas yang disupply ( Q supply )

Panas yang hilang ( Q loss )

Neraca Energi Reaktor :

H input +
Q supply
0
+
2167.92 ms
2059.524 ms
ms

(kJ/kg)
2167.92

= massa steam (ms)

x

= massa steam (ms)

x
2167.92
= 2167.9 ms
= 5 % x panas yang disupply ( Q supply )
=
0.05
x 2167.9 ms
= 108.4 ms
=
=
=
=

H output +
H reaksi
914547.49 + 1517083.52
2431631
1180.676 kg/jam

+
+

Q loss
108.396

ms

(dalam kmol/jam)

mol*Hf (kJ)

270 546
289 x
313 568
24.5

288.5 270
313 289
18.4
24.5
x
- 13385
42.9
x

=
=
=
=
=

x
567.69
x
567.69
10445
23830
555.48

546.31
x
546.31
x
18.4 x