Honors Chemistry Period 3

Name: Shuen Shuen Tan Date: 4/11/13

3 : C h e m i c a l R e a c t i o n s

Single Replacement Reactions Lab

U n i t

Purpose: The purpose of this activity is to determine which metals are most reactive and to create an order from most reactive to least reactive. Part I: Reactions with Aqueous Solutions Materials: Metals: Copper Lead Zinc Magnesium Silver Calcium

Solutions: Copper (II) sulfate Silver nitrate Lead (II) nitrate Zinc sulfate Magnesium nitrate

Procedures 1. Using a well plate and the chemical given, determine which reactions will occur between the metals and the solutions. 2. Add to each of the wells a small piece of the appropriate metal, which has first been cleaned with sand paper. Note: Your teacher will provide the calcium when you are ready for it. 3. Create a data table to record your observations of before and after reactions. 4. Observe and record any evidence of a replacement reaction (i.e. a thin coating appears on the surface of the metal) occurring each of the test tubes. If no change is visible within five minutes, record this as no reaction Metal: Copper Magnesium Zinc Silver Lead Calcium Part II: Reactions with Acids Materials: Metals: Copper Magnesium Zinc Silver Lead Calcium Observations: NR NR NR NR NR Bubbling

Solution: hydrochloric acid

Procedures: 1. Determine where H+ should be placed on an activity series by comparing the relative amount of bubbling when added to metals. 2. Create a data table and record your results.
Copper (II) sulfate Silver nitrate Lead (II) nitrate Zinc sulfate Magnesium nitrate

Copper Lead Zinc Magnesium Silver Calcium

NR NR Turned black Bubbling w/ green ppt NR NR

White ppt NR NR NR NR NR

NR NR NR NR Turned black NR

NR NR NR NR NR NR

NR NR NR NR NR NR

6. No reaction Cu (s) + Pb(NO3)2 (aq) Cu(NO3)2 (aq) + Pb (s) Cu2+ (s) + Pb2+ (aq) Cu2+ (aq) + Pb2+ (s) No reaction occurred because copper is less reactive than lead, therefore copper is not reactive enough to replace lead. 7. Reaction Mg (s) + Cu2SO4 (aq) MgSO4 (aq) + 2Cu (s) Complete Ionic Equation: Mg (s) + Cu2SO4 (aq) MgSO4 (aq) + 2Cu (s) Net Ionic Equation: Mg+ (s) + 2Cu+ (aq) Mg+ (aq) + 2Cu+(s) Oxidized: Mg+ Reduced: Cu+ + Oxidizing Agent: Cu Reducing Agent: Mg+ There is a reaction because magnesium is more reactive than copper, therefore magnesium is reactive enough to replace copper. 8. A metal was found in the lab that was missing its labeling tape. In order to determine the identity of the metal several reactions were performed. When the metal was placed in hydrochloric acid, it bubbled. No reaction was noticed when placed in a solution of calcium nitrate. A reaction was observed when placed in a solution of zinc chloride. What could the metal possibly be? What further test could you run to determine the identity of the metal? Because there was no reaction noticed when placed in a solution of calcium nitrate, the metal would have not be less reactive than calcium and because there was a reaction observed when placed in a solution of zinc chloride, the metal would have not be more reactive than zinc, which leaves three possibilities: sodium, magnesium, and aluminum. You could try placing the metal in a magnesium sulfate solution, which if a reaction does not occur, the metal would be sodium, but if there was a reaction, you would need to test the metal with an aluminum chloride.