Michelle Stone 1

ENC 1102 Wolcott

Portfolio
Table of Contents Reflection Letter Paper #1: Literacy Narrative -Rough Draft -Final Draft -Peer Review Feedback Paper #2: Genre Analysis -Rough Draft -Final Draft -Peer Review Paper #3: Annotated Bibliography -Rough Draft -Final Draft -Conference and Feedback Paper #4: Literature Review -Final Draft Discussion Posts -2 peer postings -Reflections on why I chose these postings A Selection of Additional Classwork Page 29 Page 34 Page 35 Page 36 Page 36 Page 16 Page 20 Page 27 Page 8 Page 10 Page 15 Page 3 Page 5 Page 8 Page 2

Michelle Stone 2

Reflection Letter
Beginning my English 1102 class, we first learned about sponsors of literacy through a reading by Brandt. A literary sponsor is someone or something who helps you learn to read and write (Brandt). A reading from Malcom X helped me establish how I was to write my first paper, a narrative. The Literacy Narrative was a paper which made me reflect on my past self-including reading habits. I wrote about my struggles that knowing and constantly learning a different language had on my literacy. While writing this narrative allowed me to look within myself and eventually revealed a forgotten insecurity which tormented me throughout my childhood, it also helped me recall my past and reveal how I have improved now. I thought the final draft of this paper was very good, but not excellent. I think with the growth of my writing skills I will improve with every paper. More readings from Swales, Devitt, and Devitt, Bawarshi, Reiff taught me about the concept of discourse communities and genre. A discourse community is a group of people who share a set of discourse, understood as basic values and assumptions, and ways of communication about their goals. A genre is an entity which enable us to enrich the idea of a discourse community by giving discipline and focus to the study of the unities of language and society (Devitt, Bawarshi, and Jo Reiff, 542). After learning these key concepts, I was ready to write my Genre Analysis essay. The discourse community I chose was the advertising industry (my major) and my genre perfume advertisements. The essence of advertising comes from its genres and without genres, the discourse community could not successfully achieve its goals. I chose perfume advertisements because of the complexity behind producing a visional ad which sells a smell. I wrote about the three different types of appeals (ethos, pathos, and logos) to try and establish which might work best in selling perfume. Personally, I believe the use of pathos, or emotional appeal, is the most effective in sales. A reading by Greene was given to help us better understand framing. According to Greene, framing forces us to have a definition and description and also allows us to be a part of an argument. Framing is the key force in writing an annotated bibliography. After every article, we must provide a reading response which contains a summary and analysis of what weve read and learned. While I struggled through most of the responses, I believe I did improve as they continued. I talk more about the discussion posts later in my portfolio. For my annotated bibliography, I wrote about the false portrayal of women in advertisements and the effect that has on self-image. I believe my annotated bibliography shed some light on an issue that I believe is overlooked by society. This is a major flaw in the advertising industry which I will eventually try to change. The next assignments consisted of the preparation for writing the literature review. For my literature review I wrote about subliminal messages and their effect on our subconscious. While this was a difficult topic to research, I found it provided an interesting look on a topic not commonly known in the advertising industry. While studies show that subliminal messages do have an effect on the human brain, there is no exact proof of subliminal messages within different ads because industries do not promote that they in fact do use subliminal messaging. More studies must be done to prove this to be true. In all my papers, I clearly specified the audience to whom Im speaking too. While I directed some parts toward women, Im telling all of society the realities in the advertising industry. I proved a revision for each paper except for the literature review. I believe I deserve an A on this portfolio because it contains all of the

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content and it also evaluates myself as a writer. I examine the progress made from papers and see in myself that I have improved and learned a great deal about my discourse community of choice.

Paper 1: Literacy Narrative (including drafts and feedback)

First Draft
We would think that we are taught to read the same way. First, we learn the alphabet through a simplistic song which we can always recall. We then learn phonic rules like how the letter y is sometimes a vowel or how we must subtract one vowel from every dipthong. Then we begin aimlessly sounding out letters, hoping it would flow so we appear to have a grasp on this cryptic language. One day the clutter of letters unscramble and turns to words which then become sentences and so on. The foundations for learning to read is constant but as my peers progressed, I continued to jumble and mispronounce my words, my struggle derived from my cultural background and some undetected problems with my vision. Although my reading skills were lacking, I always found comfort in the art of writing; but I have never been good writing under the pressure of structured assignments. My family has always embraced literature, reading and writing. My brother, who is six years older than me has always been an avid reader, devouring any book he can get his hands on. My parents are the same way. In my home we always had book shelves full of literary masterpieces ripe for the picking. Classics like Moby Dick and the Invisible Man where some of my favorites. Coming from a bilingual home, made me realize from very early in life the differences in communication, whether this communication was spoken or written. I remember having books in the house in both languages that were read to me. Before learning how to read on my own, I was

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able to visualize in my mind some of the stories and characters from the books that my parents read to me. At three I went to pre-school and the teachers there, and while they did not teach us how to read, they taught us about the letters, sounds and other areas that were preparing me for reading later in life. I do remember however that many times I was able to memorize paragraphs or even small children books which made me feel proud that I was able to read. But memorizing, as I learned, was not reading. Everything seemed to be going well until I started second grade when I began to struggle with reading. I vividly recall my second grade teacher Mr. Valoo (Literary Sponsor) trying to help me but there was something that was not clicking. I simply could not make the words flow into an understandable complete sentence. Almost a year later, I had to go to the optometrist as it was clear that I needed reading glasses. I had stayed a bit behind in reading compared to my peers; but between myself, teachers, parents and tutors, it seemed that I had finally found myself as a reader. However I always felt that reading never came as naturally to me as, for instance, writing did. I had to practice a lot with my reading, and it seemed that by the time I was in High School, I finally felt that some of the struggle with my reading finally disappeared. I have perhaps one of those unique experiences that few children in the US have, yearly summer vacations to Peru that were filled with tutors that taught me not only reading, but several other subjects in Spanish, such as math and language arts. One summer, when I was already a teenager, I even attended a High school in Peru for two months during a summer travel (Institutional Sponsor), but not much reading and writing took place at the time. Although I was never extremely excited about reading, I could say that writing was my passion. When I was twelve I began writing in a journal. (Writing) It may sound clich, but as a young girl, my journal was something I could confide in and a friend I could share my secrets

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with. Whether it be who that cute boy in my class was, or how upset I was I never got an easy bake oven, my journal was always there. I loved to write, but only informally. Writing came easily, and I enjoyed it. Then teachers in school began to assign writing assignments. The prompts were timed and structured. I felt that these strict rules limited my creativity and lowered my abilities. When I looked at a prompt I would simply stare at my piece of paper; writers block was a constant frustration. Strangely enough once that timed writing prompt was over it would all come into my head. Ideas and ways of saying things were always on the tip of my pen, they just needed time to escape. Who I am today as both a reader and writer stems from my past experiences. My family and school have both molded who I am, in a literary sense. I have grown from my past, learning to become a better reader, and the skills to allow my creativity shine through, even under pressure.

Final Draft
We would think that we are taught to read the same way. First, we learn the alphabet through a simplistic song which we can always recall. We then learn phonic rules like how the letter y is sometimes a vowel or how we must subtract one vowel from every dipthong. Then we begin aimlessly sounding out letters, hoping it would flow so we appear to have a grasp on this cryptic language. One day the clutter of letters unscramble and turns to words which then become sentences and so on. The foundations for learning to read is constant but as my peers progressed, I continued to jumble and mispronounce my words. My struggle derived from my cultural background and some undetected problems with my vision. My family has always embraced literature, reading and writing. My brother, whos six years older than me has always been an avid reader, devouring any book he can get his hands on.

Michelle Stone 6

My parents are the same way. In my home we have always had book shelves full of literary masterpieces ripe for the picking. Classics like Moby Dick and the Invisible Man where some of my favorites. Coming from a bilingual home, made me realize from very early in life the differences in communication, whether this communication was spoken or written. I remember having books in both Spanish and English that were read to me. Before learning how to read on my own, I was able to visualize of the stories and characters from the books that my parents read to me. At the age of three I went to pre-school and the teachers, while they did not teach us how to read, taught us about the letters, sounds and other areas that were preparing me for reading later in life. I do remember however that many times I was able to memorize paragraphs or even small children books which made me feel proud that I was able to read. But memorizing, as I learned, was not reading. Everything seemed to be going well until I started second grade when I began to struggle with reading. I vividly recall my second grade teacher Mr. Valoo, who was an excellent literary sponsor, trying to help me but there was something that was not clicking. A literary sponsor is someone or something who helps you read and write (Brandt). While I receive a lot of help from my literary sponsor, I simply could not make the words flow into an understandable complete sentence. Almost a year later, I had to go to the optometrist as it was clear that I needed reading glasses. I had stayed behind in reading compared to my peers; but between myself, teachers, parents and tutors, it seemed that I had finally found myself as a reader. However I always felt that reading never came as naturally to me as, for instance, writing did. I had to practice a lot with my reading, and it seemed that by the time I was in High School, I finally felt that some of the struggle with my reading finally disappeared.

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I have perhaps one of those unique experiences that few children in the US have, yearly summer vacations to Peru that were filled with tutors that taught me not only reading, but several other subjects in Spanish, such as math and language arts. One summer, when I was already a teenager, I attended a high school in Peru for two months during a summer travel (Institutional Sponsor). Although I was never extremely excited about reading, I could say that writing was my passion. I always found comfort in the art of writing; but I have never been good at writing under the pressure of structured assignments. When I was twelve I began writing in a journal. It may sound clich, but as a young girl, my journal was something I could confide in and a friend I could share my secrets with. Whether it be about that cute boy in my class, or how upset I was that I never got an easy bake oven, my journal was always there. I loved to write, but only informally. Writing came easily, and I enjoyed it. Then teachers in school began to assign writing assignments. The prompts were timed and structured. I felt that these strict rules limited my creativity and diminished my abilities. When I looked at a prompt I would simply stare at my piece of paper; writers block was a constant frustration. Strangely enough once that timed writing prompt was over it would all come into my head. Ideas and ways of saying things were always on the tip of my pen, they just needed time to escape. Who I am today as both a reader and writer stems from my past experiences. My family and school have both molded who I am, in a literary sense. I have grown from my past, learning to become a better reader, and the skills to allow my creativity shine through, even under pressure.

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Peer Review Feedback

Hi Michelle, I think you did a really great job with your examples and explaining why these examples are important to how you developed literacy skills. One suggestion that I could make is maybe explaining somewhere in your essay describe what a sponsor is or have the definition of a sponsor and maybe cite Brandt if you can.
Ashley Leonard, Sep 2 at 6pm

Hey Michelle, Your essay was very good structure wise and flowed incredibly well. I feel as though the bilingual aspect puts a different twist on this sort of writing. You could put a more personalized story on how your literary sponsors helped you along the way.
Matthew Simpson, Sep 2 at 7:30pm

Paper 2: Genre Analysis (including drafts and feedback)

First Draft In literature, genre is defined differently than how I was thought as a child. A genre is a material entity which enable us to enrich the idea of a discourse community by giving discipline and focus to the study of the unities of language and society. (Devitt, Bawarshi, and Jo Reiff, 542) Genres are the foundation in the advertising industry. Instead of considering genre as response to a recurring rhetorical situation (Devitt, 576), I find that this advanced definition allows me to look closer in my field of study and analyze the significance of my major. Advertising is based on one recurring quality, happiness. The source of this joy comes from advertisements, whether on paper, through commercials, digital, etc. My genre is print advertisements found in magazines and online. I choose perfume ads because the task of defining smell through pictures and words is an interesting challenge. Although the three genre samples all sell the same product, the appeals and the structure of the advertisements vary greatly. Knowing the genre, therefore, means knowing such things as appropriate subject matter, level of detail, tone, and approach as well as the usual layout and organization. (Devitt, 577) This form of advertising can be accessed and understood from any young adult to the elderly. Although anyone who can purchase a magazine or has access to the internet can attain these advertisements, not everyone can understand the framework behind the images. Studying why different people many find one genre appealing but not another is advertising.

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The first advertisement I chose is selling a perfume through the use of sexual appeal. The picture contains no logos (numbers or statistics) to convince you to buy this item. The producers of this image put only a naked women in the photo and wrote Hypnose Senses: Unveil your sensuality over her bare back. The power dynamics is held in the simplicity of this ad. While the use of sexual appeal may be distasteful to some, this ad appeals to both men and women. The women desire to appear as the model and buying the product will somehow make them feel as beautiful as the women in the picture. The men hope that buying this perfume for will make the women they are buying it for appear and feel beautiful as well. The fact that the women, the name of the product, and the phrase Unveil your sexuality is the only thing on the advertisement shows that this discourse community focuses a great deal on beauty. The second advertisement I chose is from a commonly known brand, Polo Ralph Lauren. This cologne ad is direct solely towards men. The main attraction with this ad is the use of color, dark green and gold, to make the photo appear extravagant. Also, the men playing polo inside the bottle gives a sophisticated appearance to the product. The genre sample uses logos in stating this cologne is the 30th anniversary edition and A new classic in the Ralph Lauren tradition makes the consumer consider the products history and therefore have an inclination to purchase it. This company has created an image and a name which most adults know. Keeping their advertisements straightforward and professional makes the cologne and the company appear established. The third advertisement was unlike the first two genres. A cursive poem in the middle of a peaceful Paris street creates a lighthearted scene which I believe speaks mainly to women. This ad took an emotional approach which appeals to our own sense of beauty; The air is suddenly like silk, the heart is as soft as satin. I think most readers can understand and appreciate this high spirited text. The power dynamics from this advertisement comes from the poet who appeals to our younger self. The image of a man playing a music box and a monkey joyfully dancing touches the readers, which makes us more willing to trying the product. The poem ends with the name of the product in big, bold letters Indiscret (translated to English means indiscreet), which encourages the consumers that they will be careless and free if they use this perfume. This discourse community has many different appeals with genre. Whether it be sexual, professional, or lighthearted, the creators of the genre always look at

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who their consumers are and which appeal will unconsciously persuade them to buy their product. The essence of advertising comes from its genres. Having A better understanding of genre may help us understand better how writers know when and what to revise (Devitt, 582).

Work Cited
Devitt, Amy J., Anis Bawarshi, and Mary Jo Reiff. "Materiality and Genre in the Study of Discourse Communities." National Council of Teachers of English 65. No. 5 (2003): 541-58. Print. Devitt, Amy J. "Generalization about Genre: New Conceptions of an Old Concept." College Composition and Communication 44.No. 4 (1993): 573-86. Print.

Final Draft
In literature, a discourse community and genre are intertwined. Genre is defined differently than how I was taught as a child. A genre is an entity which enable us to enrich the idea of a discourse community by giving discipline and focus to the study of the unities of language and society (Devitt, Bawarshi, and Jo Reiff, 542). Genres are the foundation of the advertising industry, in which they serve as a rhetorical response to appealing and persuading people to buy a product. But instead of considering genre as only a response to a recurring rhetorical situation (Devitt, 576), I find that these advanced definitions together helps me to look closer in my field of study and analyze the significance of my major. Advertising is based on one recurring quality, happiness. The source of this joy comes from advertisements, whether on paper, through commercials, digital, etc. My genre is print advertisements found in magazines and online. I chose perfume ads because the task of defining smell through pictures and words is an interesting challenge. Although the three genre samples

Michelle Stone 11

all sell the same product, the appeals and the structure of the advertisements vary greatly. Knowing the genre, therefore, means knowing such things as appropriate subject matter, level of detail, tone, and approach as well as the usual layout and organization (Devitt, 577). This form of advertising can be accessed and understood from any young adult to the elderly. Although anyone who can purchase a magazine or has access to the internet can attain these advertisements, not everyone can understand the framework behind the images. Studying why different people many find one genre appealing but not another is what makes advertising so complex and intriguing. The first advertisement I chose is selling a perfume through the use of sexual appeal. The picture contains no logos (numbers or statistics) to convince you to buy this item. The producers of this image put only a naked women in the photo and wrote Hypnose Senses: Unveil your sensuality over her bare back. The word Senses is italicized to your attention is drawn to the word. Consumers are encourages to use their senses, sight for the ad and smell for the perfume, to become aroused by the product. The use of a light pink background and lighting makes the women in this advertisement appear pure and heavenly. This is a further comforts women that its possible to unveil your sensuality while still appearing innocent. The power dynamic is held in the simplicity of this ad. While the use of sexual appeal may be distasteful to some, this ad appeals to both men and women. The women desire to appear as the model and buying the product will somehow make them feel as beautiful as the women in the picture. Men hope that buying this perfume will make the women they are buying it for appear and feel beautiful as well. The fact that the woman, the name of the product, and the phrase Unveil your sexuality is the only thing on the advertisement shows that this discourse community focuses a great deal on beauty.

Michelle Stone 12

The second advertisement I chose is from a commonly known brand, Polo Ralph Lauren. This cologne ad is direct solely towards men. The main attraction with this ad is the use of color, emerald green and gold, to make the photo appear extravagant. Also, the men playing polo inside the bottle gives a sophisticated appearance to the product. They know who the product appeals to and successfully produce an ad which attracts their type of costumers. The genre sample uses logos in stating this cologne is the 30th anniversary edition and A new classic in the Ralph Lauren tradition, which makes the consumer consider the products history and therefore have an inclination to purchase it. This company has created an image and a name which most adults know or have heard of. Keeping their advertisements straightforward and professional makes the cologne and the company appear established. This ad promotes strength, grace, and beauty, which is another example of this discourse community being based solely on beauty. The third advertisement was unlike the first two genres. That fact that it is drawn and contains text to emphasis not only the product, but beauty in general makes me think that it is targeted mainly towards women. This genre contains elegance, not only of the eyes but of the heart. A poem written in cursive in the middle of a peaceful Paris street creates a lighthearted scene and takes the reader into a fantasy world. This ad takes an emotional approach which appeals to our own sense of charm; The air is suddenly like silk, the heart is as soft as satin. I think most readers can understand and appreciate this high-spirited text. The power dynamics from this advertisement comes from the poet who brings out the readers younger self. The use of white and yellow brings an innocence to the advertisement. The image of a man playing a music box and a monkey joyfully dancing touches the readers, which makes us more willing to trying the product. The poem ends with the name of the product in big, bold letters Indiscret (translated to English means indiscreet), which tells the consumers that they will be careless and

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free if they use this perfume. Although this advertisement is a drawing, I think this different use of pathos, appealing to our sense of love, is the best adverting strategy in the industry. This discourse community has many different appeals with genre. Whether it be sexual, professional, or lighthearted, the creators of the genre always look at who their consumers are and which appeal will unconsciously persuade them to buy their product. Having A better understanding of genre may help us understand better how writers know when and what to revise (Devitt, 582). Logos is used very little in advertisements because the main appeal is from pathos. The essence of advertising comes from its genres and without genres, the discourse community could not successfully achieve its goals.

Work Cited
Devitt, Amy J., Anis Bawarshi, and Mary Jo Reiff. "Materiality and Genre in the Study of Discourse Communities." National Council of Teachers of English 65. No. 5 (2003): 541-58. Print. Devitt, Amy J. "Generalization about Genre: New Conceptions of an Old Concept." College Composition and Communication 44.No. 4 (1993): 573-86. Print. Appendix A

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Appendix B

Appendix C

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Peer Review
1. Your essay was very well written but it needs to be formatted correctly. I would use standard MLA format such as double spacing. There were very few surface issues that you need to correct. You showed a thorough understanding of our readings and I liked that anytime you made a claim regarding one of your genres you had evidence from the reading to support it. Your essay flowed very nicely and even though I know nothing about advertising I was enticed by what you had to say. Other than fixing your formatting and surface issues there is nothing else I think you need to change. - Darian Maurer 2. I commend you for quote selections in your paper, I feel as though they added

tremendously to the points that you were making. There are a few things that I think your paper could benefit from, such as, including what the analysis of the genre says about this discourse community and how this genre helps in achieving their goal. Also, I think you should to mention what rhetorical situation this genre answers to (obviously the need to get the word out for their product and reel the customers in). Another thing that you can should touch on is how the use of color affects the overall poster and develop your ideas on the power dynamics at play (whos in control in this genre?). You did a good job of including the different appeals each poster utilizes to get their message across with. Overall I think youre on the right track, you just need to go in and hit the points that your paper is missing. Otherwise, good paper! - Gabriela Lozada

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Paper 3: Annotated Bibliography (including drafts and feedback)

First Draft
Advertising and Women
A major issue in the advertising industry is the false portrayal of women and beauty. This is seen in almost every advertisement whether on television, in magazines, billboards, internet, etc. With the help of computer editing, models can appear completely flawless in these ads. While most women consumers can look at a photograph and feel envious of the models beauty, the photographs are unrealistic and their figure is unattainable. Advertising tells women that what is most important is how they look. These images promote being impossibly thin, sexual, and absolute perfection. Advertisements teach women from a very young age that they must spend enormous amounts of time, energy, and money to achieve this look. The marketing in these advertisements urges consumers to purchase the products so they can appear as the beautiful models in the ads. As society fails to live up to this perfect image, people feel ashamed and being to splurge on the unnecessary or over priced items in the advertisements. When this too fails, women, especially teenagers and college students, turn to eating disorders such as anorexia or bulimia as a result of low self-esteem and an obsession with appearance. In advertising, women are constantly seen being turned into objects. This dehumanizes women in a way that provokes violence. Many advertisements tend to focus one part of the female body which is another form of dehumanization. This can lead to violence against women.

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A solution to this problem in advertising is to increase awareness. This will help consumers realizes the true intentions advertising and make women see the reality of photo editing in advertisements.

Barthel-Bouchier, Diane L. Putting on Appearances: Gender and Advertising. Philadelphia: Temple UP, 1988. Print In her book, Dr. Diana Barthel, professor and chair of department of sociology at Stony Brook University, shows how gender roles play a major part in advertising. Women will and do purchase material goods in order to inspire envy. She claims that high cost of products make them more appealing and she comes to this conclusion after examining social critic John Berger and his definition of glamour, described as "happiness of being envied is glamour". This book is relevant to my research in that it reinforces competition between women, resulting in women being led to purchase a product at any cost. This book shows how gender plays a huge role in advertising.

Williamson, Judith. Decoding Advertisements: Ideology and Meaning in Advertising. London: Marion Boyars, 1978. In this research essay, Aidan Kelly, Katrina Lawlor, and Stephanie ODonohoe, all workers at Dublin Institute of Technology, explore how advertising is a part of our culture system. Through ethnographic research and interviews conducted with advertising planners, copywriters, and art directors, it was revealed that advertising is in fact based on research which is rationalized and evaluated by clients. Advertising has developed into a potent culture system which shapes and

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reflects consumers sense of social reality. (Page 645) This reference by John F. Sherry and many other authors allowed Kelly, Lawlor, and ODonohoe to come to the conclusion that advertising has a strong effect on the everyday lives of consumers.

Quart, Alissa. Branded: The Buying and Selling of Teenagers. Cambridge, MA: Perseus, 2003. In the book Branded, Alissa Quart, a teacher at Columbia Journalism School, examines the changes in our societies youth based on manipulating marketing tactics. Quart writes about an annual Advertising and Promoting to Kids conference where advertisers learn how to better market to adolescents. The book focuses on how these brands and products strongly define kids identities. Teenagers have come to feel that consumer goods are their friends and that the companies selling products to them are trusted allies. (Page 35) This source clearly states how consumerism and marketing affect teenagers in every aspect of their lives, especially appearance. While the book talks about how girls obsess over cosmetic surgery, Quarts purpose is to increase understanding of the dangerous consequence of our current materialism. (Page xiv)

Cortese, Anthony J. Provocateur: Images of Women and Minorities in Advertising. New York, NY: Rowman and Littlefield, 1999. In his book, Anthony J Corteste, a professor of sociology at Southern Methodist University, analyzes how advertising creates a strong gender identity in both men and women. Corteste

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references actual advertisements and uses cases studies of three women who gained eating disorders. This source explains how advertisements try to portray social reality with men being muscular and women being young, beautiful, and sexual objects. This essay is credible because it looks at every aspect of advertising in both men and women which leads to eating disorders, depression, and sexual harassment. Corstestes goal is to expand media literacy in order to endure the invasion of media image, messages and displays which are flooding our senses. (Page 57) Alice E. Courtney and Sarah W. Lockeretz. "Woman's Place: An Analysis of the Roles Portrayed by Women in Magazine Advertisements." Journal of Marketing Research 8 (1971): n. pag. Print. This article by Alice Courtney and Sarah Lockeretz, members of the female liberation movement and journalists, examines negative stereotypes of women found in advertisements. This article reports on a study where general magazines were selected to be viewed by women. They found that the majority of the women who did view these magazines though them to be stereotypical and offensive. Although there is some bias to this article because most of the women are feminists and more analyses is needed in these studies, the desire of women wanting to be shown is their multiple life roles is evident.

Webber, Christine. "Eating Disorders." Netdoctor. N.p., 7 Dec. 2010. Web. Christine Webber, a psychotherapist and life couch, analysis eating disorders men and women and tries to find its origin. Webber references a report conducted by the Royal College of

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Psychiatrists in which it stated eating disorders are affect every seven in one thousand women and one in one thousand men. Webber states that eating disorders greatly affect women more than men due to low self-esteem, stress, or uncertainty of their sexuality or sexual attractiveness. This research is helpful to my bibliography because it states the many reasons why eating disorders form but all provides solutions, such as counseling or therapy.

Final Draft
Advertising and Women
This annotated bibliography is designed to teach men and women of all ages of the way women are shown in advertising. This topic revolves around statistical evidence and facts of how gender roles differ in the advertising industry. It also discusses the harmful result of this issue which is low self-esteem and eating disorders such an anorexia and bulimia. This annotated bibliography can be enjoyed by everyone because it provides in depth information about our subconscious and the way many women view themselves as a result of our society. A major issue in the advertising industry is the false portrayal of women and beauty. This is seen in almost every advertisement whether on television, in magazines, billboards, internet, etc. With the help of computer editing, models can appear completely flawless in these ads. While many women consumers can look at a photograph and feel envious of the models beauty, the photographs are unrealistic and their figure is unattainable. Advertising tells women that what is most important is how they look. These images promote being sexual, impossibly thin, and absolutely perfect. Advertisements convince women from a very young age that they must spend enormous amounts of time, energy, and money to achieve this look. The marketing in these advertisements

Michelle Stone 21

urges consumers to purchase the products so they can obtain beauty and appear as the model does in the ads. As society fails to live up to this perfect image, people feel ashamed and being to splurge on unnecessary or over priced items in the advertisements. When this too fails, women, especially teenagers and college students, turn to eating disorders such as anorexia or bulimia as a result of low self-esteem and an obsession with appearance. In advertising, women are constantly seen being turned into objects. This dehumanizes women in a way that provokes violence. Many advertisements tend to focus one part of the female body, which is another form of dehumanization that can make women more subject to abuse. A solution to this problem in advertising is to increase awareness. This will help consumers realize the true intentions advertising and make women see the reality of photo editing in advertisements

Barthel-Bouchier, Diane L. Putting on Appearances: Gender and Advertising. Philadelphia: Temple UP, 1988. Print In her book, Dr. Diana Barthel, professor and chair of department of sociology at Stony Brook University, shows how gender roles play a major part in advertising. Women will and do purchase material goods in order to inspire envy. She claims that high cost of products make them more appealing and she comes to this conclusion after examining social critic John Berger and his definition of glamour, described as "happiness of being envied is glamour". This book is relevant because it reinforces competition between women, resulting in women being led to purchase a product at any cost.

Michelle Stone 22

Williamson, Judith. Decoding Advertisements: Ideology and Meaning in Advertising. London: Marion Boyars, 1978. In this research essay, Aidan Kelly, Katrina Lawlor, and Stephanie ODonohoe, all workers at Dublin Institute of Technology, explore how advertising is a part of our culture system. Through ethnographic research and interviews conducted with advertising planners, copywriters, and art directors, it was revealed that advertising is in fact based on research which is rationalized and evaluated by clients. Advertising has developed into a potent culture system which shapes a nd reflects consumers sense of social reality. (Page 645) This reference by John F. Sherry and many other authors allowed Kelly, Lawlor, and ODonohoe to come to the conclusion that advertising has a strong effect on the everyday lives of consumers. Quart, Alissa. Branded: The Buying and Selling of Teenagers. Cambridge, MA: Perseus, 2003. In the book Branded, Alissa Quart, a teacher at Columbia Journalism School , examines the changes in our societys youth based on manipulating marketing tactics. Quart writes about an annual Advertising and Promoting to Kids conference where advertisers learn how to better market to adolescents. The book focuses on how these brands and products strongly define kids identities. Teenagers have come to feel that consumer goods are their friends and that the companies selling products to them are trusted allies. (Page 35) This source clearly states how consumerism and marketing affect teenagers in every aspect of their lives, especially appearance. Although the book talks about how girls obsess over cosmetic surgery, Quarts main purpose is to increase understanding of the dangerous consequence of our current materialism. (Page xiv)

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Cortese, Anthony J. Provocateur: Images of Women and Minorities in Advertising. New York, NY: Rowman and Littlefield, 1999. In his book, Anthony J Corteste, a professor of sociology at Southern Methodist University, analyzes how advertising creates a strong gender identity in both men and women. Corteste references actual advertisements and uses case studies of three women who gained eating disorders. This source explains how advertisements try to portray social reality as men being muscular and women being young, beautiful, and sexual objects. This essay is credible because it looks at every aspect of advertising in both men and women which leads to eating disorders, depression, and sexual harassment. Corstestes goal is to expand media literacy in order to endure the invasion of media image, messages and displays which are flooding our senses. (Page 57) Alice E. Courtney and Sarah W. Lockeretz. "Woman's Place: An Analysis of the Roles Portrayed by Women in Magazine Advertisements." Journal of Marketing Research 8 (1971): n. pag. Print. This article by Alice Courtney and Sarah Lockeretz, members of the female liberation movement and journalists, examines negative stereotypes of women found in advertisements. This article reports on a study where general magazines were selected to be viewed by women. They found that the majority of the women who did view these magazines though them to be stereotypical and offensive. Although there is some bias to this article because most of the women are feminists and more analyses is needed in these studies, the desire of women wanting to be shown is their multiple life roles is evident.

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Webber, Christine. "Eating Disorders." Netdoctor. N.p., 7 Dec. 2010. Web. Christine Webber, a psychotherapist and life coach, analysis eating disorders in men and women and tries to find their origin. Webber references a report conducted by the Royal College of Psychiatrists which states that eating disorders are affect every s even in one thousand women and one in one thousand men. Webber proceeds to proclaim that eating disorders greatly affect women more than men due to low self-esteem, stress, or uncertainty of their sexuality or sexual attractiveness. This research is pertinent because it states the many reasons why eating disorders form but all provides solutions, such as counseling or therapy. Belkaoui, Ahmed, and Janice M. Belkaoui. "A Comparative Analysis of the Roles Portrayed by Women in Print Advertisments." Journal of Marketing Research 8 (1976): n. pag. Web. In this analysis by Ahmed and Janice Belkaoui, both professors in Ottowa, evaluate the portrayal of women in print advertisements. After analyzing the content from The New Yorker, the Belkaouis state that advertisements present four clinches: (1) A womens place is in the home. (2) Women do not make important decisions or do important things. (3) Women are dependent and need protection. (4) Men regard women primarily as sexual objects. (Page 168) The authors conducted studies of both the occupations of women and men working and of nonworking activities of women and men in advertisements. A significantly greater number of women were seen in non-working ads, with more men seen in working ones. This source provides valid statistics on the different roles between men and women shown in advertisements.

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Hyman, Michael R., Richard Tansey, and James W. Clark. "Research on Advertising Ethics: Past, Present, and Future." Journal of Advertising 13.3 (1994): 5-15. Web. Michael Hyman, professor of marketing in New Mexico State University, Richard Tansey, associates professor in marketing at University of Alaska-Fairbanks, and James Clark, assistant professor of marketing at James Madison University, wrote this article in the research of advertising ethics. The authors researched ethical issues such as the role of adverting with tobacco being dangerous, environmental issues, minorities groups, etc. The data concludes that 10.4% of all ethical advertisements talk about sexual stereotyping. This article stresses the importance of ethics of advertising but also proves that very little is being done about stereotyping of both women and men. Thomsen, Steven R. "Health and Beauty Magazine Reading and Body Shape Concerns among a Group of College Women." Journalism and Mass Communication Quarterly 79.4 (2002): n. pag. Print. In this academic journal, Steven Thomsen, a communications professor at Brigham Young University, covers a study that surveyed women and their view of themselves in comparison in how magazines depict women. The survey of 340 women from ages 18 to 25 tested three factors hope, beliefs about mens expectations, and expected weight gain or loss in the next five years which define the relationship between the readers and their views of body size. The study covered the view from both health magazines and fashion magazines. It was concluded that in health and fitness magazines, concerns were more toward the loss of weight in the next five years for physical wellness. In the beauty and fashion magazines, however, women felt their

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body concerns were based on mens expectation rather than personal health. This journal has data which directly link the connection between the media and its affect on body image. Martin, Mary C., and James W. Gentry. "Stuck in the Model Trap: The Effects of Beautiful Models in Ads on Female Pre-Adolescents and Adolescents." Journal of Advertising 26.2 (1997): n. pag. Print. In this article, James Gentry and Mary Martin, both professors in the department of marketing, study how young females compare their appearance to models in advertisements and how it directly effects their self-esteem. How physically attractive a child or adolescent perceives him/herself to be heavily influences his/her self-esteem. (Page 20) Gentry and Martin reference Susan Harters journal article, Processes Underlying the Construction, Maintenance, and Enhancement of the Self-Concept in Children, which evaluated a study of self-esteem and growth from third graders to eleventh graders. Harter concluded that self-esteem declines over time in girls but not for boys. The reasoning for this Gentry and Martin concluded is that girls tend to view their bodies as objects and their physical beauty determines how they and other judge them overall. (Page 20) One of the top reasonings behind this comes from the advertisements young boys and girls see in their everyday lives. The authors also stated that males view themselves as a process and that their physical ability is more important than appearance. This article provides an interesting perspective in the contrasting self-perceptions between girls and boys and how they view themselves at a young age. Work Cited

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Alice E. Courtney and Sarah W. Lockeretz. "Woman's Place: An Analysis of the Roles Portrayed by Women in Magazine Advertisements." Journal of Marketing Research 8 (1971): n. pag. Print.

Barthel-Bouchier, Diane L. Putting on Appearances: Gender and Advertising. Philadelphia: Temple UP, 1988. Print

Belkaoui, Ahmed, and Janice M. Belkaoui. "A Comparative Analysis of the Roles Portrayed by Women in Print Advertisments." Journal of Marketing Research 8 (1976): n. pag. Web.

Cortese, Anthony J. Provocateur: Images of Women and Minorities in Advertising. New York, NY: Rowman and Littlefield, 1999.

Hyman, Michael R., Richard Tansey, and James W. Clark. "Research on Advertising Ethics: Past, Present, and Future." Journal of Advertising 13.3 (1994): 5-15. Web.

Martin, Mary C., and James W. Gentry. "Stuck in the Model Trap: The Effects of Beautiful Models in Ads on Female Pre-Adolescents and Adolescents." Journal of Advertising 26.2 (1997): n. pag. Print.

Thomsen, Steven R. "Health and Beauty Magazine Reading and Body Shape Concerns among a Group of College Women." Journalism and Mass Communication Quarterly 79.4 (2002): n. pag. Print.

Webber, Christine. "Eating Disorders." Netdoctor. N.p., 7 Dec. 2010. Web. Williamson, Judith. Decoding Advertisements: Ideology and Meaning in Advertising. London: Marion Boyars, 1978.

Quart, Alissa. Branded: The Buying and Selling of Teenagers. Cambridge, MA: Perseus, 2003.

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Annotated Bib Conference and Feedback

1) The discourse community / professional practice community which you plan to study. My discourse community and major is Advertising.

2) Two journals or magazines where ideas are shared in this community. Some magazines, such as Allure & Cosmopolitan, show advertisements that are created by an Advertising agency. ALL magazines contain advertisements but these are just an example.

3) One annual (or more frequent) in-person meeting where members of this community gather to talk about ideas and their work. List the website, location, and date for this meeting. The ANA Annual Conference is held in Phoenix, Arizona from October 3 6, 2013. For more information on this the website is https://annual.ana.net/

4) Any other places you've found where it is apparent that people in this discourse community are having dialogue? The AWNY Advertising Career Conference is another place where my discourse community have dialogue. (https://www.awny.org/career-center/career-conference/about)

5) Three issues that you see being discussed among members of the discourse community. This might be a problem they are trying to solve together, a scientific idea that is both being researched and has some importance in the field, a debate about how to handle a certain recurring situation in the discourse community, or something else. 1.) Who are we trying to attract? 2.) What methods do we use to attract them? 3.) How can we incorporate what the client wants with what will be successful?

Feedback: These are all interesting. However, you're going to need to narrow one of the items in #5 significantly for a successful annotated bibliography. Which is most interesting to you? How might you turn these questions in to searchable keywords? How might you limit your results?

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Pathos is not going to be an effective search term because it's not a term used by your discourse community. How many search results are you getting with these terms? What terms are you using? Its really time to narrow down a topic! Leslie Leslie Wolcott From: UCF Webcourses [notifications@instructure.com] Sent: Thursday, October 10, 2013 2:24 PM To: Leslie Wolcott Subject: Michelle Stone (ENC1102-13Fall 0M05 and Introduction to Library Research Strategies Fall 2013) just sent you a message in Canvas. Michelle Stone (ENC1102-13Fall 0M05 and Introduction to Library Research Strategies Fall 2013) just sent a message in Canvas: I find "What methods do the advertising industry use to attract clients" the most interesting. Should I narrow it down by using a certain product like I did in my genre analysis (perfume) or instead how they use a certain appeal to attract customers (pathos).

Paper 4: Literature Review (including drafts and feedback)

Final Draft
The Effectiveness of Subliminal Advertising Introduction One distinct tactic seen is advertising is the use of subliminal messages. This can be seen in every form of advertising such as commercials, print ads, previews, as well as in movies, television shows, and music. Subliminal messages targets the unconscious mind, which accepts messages unknowingly and unfiltered. Distinct advertisements or ads that pose a change or contrast due to their color, size, intensity, position, movement, or isolation (Andrews, Akhter, Durvasula, Muehling) are the ones more commonly filled with subliminal messages. The result may be changes in attitude toward the product or idea being unconsciously received. The effects of this method can either have a positive or negative impact on society, depending on how the ad is used. The fact that much of society is unaware or do not believe in this method of

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manipulation allows companies to continue with this unethical form of advertising. In order to stop this unethical form of control advertising society must be aware of this stratagem and the effects they possess on the unconscious mind. Origin The use of subliminal marketing makes products more attractive to consumers. (Vokey; Key) James Vicary, a marketing researcher, made a great impact in beginning the modern practice of subliminal messaging. He composed a widely known study in 1957, analyzing the effect of subliminal advertising. Vicary studied how the flashing of Hungry? Eat Popcorn, Thirst? Drink Coca-Cola during the film Picnic led to a 57% increase in popcorn consumption and an 18.1% rise in sales of Coca-Cola. In his books Subliminal Seduction and Media Sexploitation, Wilson Key claimed that the word sex was printed in Ritz crackers and was embedded in the ice cubes of the drink shown in a well-known ad for Gilbeys Gin. Subliminal sexual symbols or objects are used to entice consumers to buy various products. While Keys points were conclusive, an interview with Advertising Age in 1962 supported that Vicarys study was a fabrication. Even though Vokey and Key conclusions were not the same, they both supported that subliminal messages provides stimulus which makes consumers more inclined to purchase the product. Do Subliminal Messages affect us? Invisible subliminal messages cause stimulation in the brain. (UCL, 2007) Dr. Bahador Bahrami, of the UCL Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience and the UCL Department of Psychology, studied whether the unconscious mind responded to images unseen by the conscious mind. Subjects wore red-blue filter glasses that projected faint pictures of everyday objects to

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one eye and a strong flashing image known as 'continuous flash suppression' to the other. Using an fMRI, Bahrami concluded that the subjects' brains did respond to the object even when they were not conscious of having seen it. While many people, such as Dr. Timothy Moore, believe that if subliminal messages cant be easily detected, the message wont have its intended influence (Brody), the data from Dr. Bahrami study was compelling. Although this does not show a direct correlation between subliminal advertising and sales, it does show that subliminal advertising has an effect on brain activity. What Subliminal Messages Tells Us Subliminal marketing tells us what we already wanted to do. (NWO) Dutch researcher Martijn Veltkamp has demonstrated that you can motivate people with subliminal messaging like quickly flashing words onto a screen without their noticing. A prime example of this is when the McDonalds franchise flashed an advertisements for one thirtieth of a second during an episode of Iron Chief. (Subliminal McDonalds as Busted) Veltkamp studied this interaction in a series of experiments. He flashed the words 'drinking' and 'thirsty' onto a computer screen very quickly so that his test subjects couldnt consciously perceived them. The results of the experiments showed that motivation for carrying out certain actions occurs when the action matches an existing deprivation or has a positive association. This is only successful, however, if the subliminal message matches a biological need and if the behavior is associated with a positive effect. Positive and Negative Effects Claims about the effectiveness of subliminal self-help tapes and about subliminal perception have very little evidence. (Moore) A team of UCL researchers say that subliminal messaging is most effective when the message being conveyed is negative. (UCL). While Selfhelp tapes are subliminal messages designed to promote a desired effect including, weight loss,

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improve sexual function, relief from constipation, etc., there is little research to prove that this can have any positive effect on a persons subconscious. In the Wellcome Trust-funded study, Professor Lavie and colleagues studied the theory that negative subliminal messages are more impressionable then positive ones by showed fifty participants a series of words on a computer screen. Each word appeared on screen for only a fraction of second at times only a fiftieth of a second, much too fast for the participants to consciously read the word. The words were either positive (cheerful, happiness and joy), negative (agony, despair and sorrow) or neutral (box, shoe or iron). After each word, participants were asked to choose whether the word was neutral or positive/negative, and how confident they were of their decision. The researchers found that the participants answered most accurately when responding to negative words even when they believed they were merely guessing the answer. In response to the self-help tapes, positive auditory reinforcements have not yet been proven to have an effect on patients unlike the negative visual study of Professor Lavie. Conclusion There is research on the beginning traces of subliminal advertising. We have information on how subliminal messages have a great effect, either positive or negative, on us without our knowledge. With an increase in studies on this topic are being conducted, people are becoming more aware of subliminal advertising from reports and the media. While experiments have been engineered to study the effectiveness of subliminal advertising, there is still a major gap. While we know that subliminal messages to cause stimulation to the brain, we dont know what kind of response is created from the stimulant. This lack of information comes from research that is minimal, unable to be replicated, or inconclusive. Studies can be conducted on how subliminal

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advertisements have a direct connection to the desired message. More information on this research can be seen in my project proposal. Work Cited Literature Review: 1. Andrews, J. Craig, Akhter, Syed H., Durvasula, Srinivas, & Muehling, Darrel D. (1992). The Effects of Advertising Distinctiveness and Message Content Involvement on Cognitive and Affective Responses to Advertising. Journal of Current Issues & Research in Advertising, 14(1), 45-58. 2. Subliminal Messages. John R. Vokey. Psychological Sketches. Page 240 3. Key, Wilson Bryan. Subliminal Seduction. [S.l.]: Penguin Putnam, 1974. Print. 4. Key, Wilson Bryan. Media Sexploitation. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, 1976. Print. 5. University College London (2007). Subliminal Advertising Leaves Its Mark on the Brain. From http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2007/03/070308121938.htm. 6. Brody, Jane E. (1982, August 17). Is Subliminal Persuasion a Menace? Evidently Not.The New York Times, pp. 1C. 7. NWO (Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research). Subliminal Messages Motivate People to Atually Do Things They Already Wanted To Do. ScieneDaily, 1 Jul. 2009. Web. 8. Subliminal McDonalds as Busted [Television broadcast]. (2007, January 29). New York: Inside Edition. From YouTube Web site: ht 9. Moore, T.E. 1992. Subliminal Advertising: What you see is what you get. Journal of Marketing, 46: 38-47.

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10. "UCL News." UCL Study: Subliminal Messaging 'More Effective When Negative' University College London, 28 Sept. 2009. Web. Project Proposal: 11. Pratkanis, A. R. (1992). The cargo-cult science of subliminal persuasion. The Skeptical Inquirer, 16(3), 260-272.

Discussion Posts
Post #1: Swales Discourse Community
In Swales "The Concept of Discourse Community" he establishes the difference between a speech community and a discourse community. A speech community is a community of people who share linguistic and functional rule for the conduct of speech. Swales continues by giving reasons for separating these two concepts. First off, Medium (ex. books or newspaper) and writing has a different result then speech in regards to interactions. A discourse community accepts people who wish to join that group not like a speech community which establishes people in that group by for example, adoption. Swales then gives six characteristics explaining the foundations of a discourse community. In explaining the fabrications behind a discourse community, Swales examines the levels of goals, either documented or tactic, and the means of intercommunication, whether through "meetings, conferences" or written. Each group has a genre which helps achieve these goals for communication. "Genres are how things are done, when language is used to accomplish them." (John Swales, 26) A discourse community must have an acquired lexis, so each community has a unique form of communication. (Lexis - the totality of vocabulary items in a language) A discourse community also uses all this information to acquire knowledge and the individuals in these groups are constantly growing and learning from other members of the group. John Swales uses the "Hong Kong Study Circle" as a example of a discourse community.

Post #2: Devitt Genre Analysis

The articles Generalizing about Genre: New Conceptions of an Old Concept by Amy J Devitt talk about the definition of old genre versus new genre. Devitt explains that with the use of the definition of old genre comes limitations. She strongly encourages the use of the new version of

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genre. She first establishes what the old conceptions are and why theyre problematic before moving on to describe how these conceptions are changing. She then examines the implications of this change in relation to teaching and learning forms of genre. The old definition of genre deals with the different classifications of forms of writing. Amy describes that by treating genre as form specific, we separate form from content. Devitt finds that viewing genre in this context limits the writers ability to make meaning, which a more unifies approach allows. In summation, it seems clear that Amys new concept of genre is more unifying and complex then the old conception.

Post #3: Greene Framing Reading

In Stuart Greene's, "Argument as Conversation" he discusses how we should think of writing as conversation. He also talks about framing and how it is necessary and evident in an argument. He explains key reasons in framing your argument: The first, framing forces us to have a definition and a description. Second, framing allows you to be a part of arguments. Thirdly, it helps organize thoughts. The same way a title does for a song or an essay. An example of this is the children book "The Little Engine That Could". It gives an idea of what to expect simply from the title. But the title must be bases on what the reader is going to experience. Greene talks about an interesting word "lens" which mean perspective as, for example, a camera has a lens. Lens is bases on selection and the way you frame a picture. Change the frame and the whole story changes. Overall I found Greene's writing to be interesting. The framing portion of his essay will help a lot with the Annotated Bibliography that we are about to write.

Peer Postings That Helped Me Understand the Reading:

Anthony Padron (Swales): Discourse communities remind of message boards on various websites. There are many media sites that have an active message board life where people sound off on their ideas and thoughts on a particular story or subject. Similar to a discourse community, it is assumed that one posting has read the original story. It is also assumed that anything else to be printed on the site has been read and if not, is available to be read by anyone who may be posting. There is an appropriate of topics, so to speak. A site aimed at covering a certain film, for example, has a story that may be talking about a certain facet of the film. If there begins to be open discussion of surprises or the ending of said film, the community is usually pretty vocal about it, and slams down on whoever may be spoiling the experience for others. The "correct" place for having a conversation like this would be in a different forum in one that may be reviewing the film. In a forum such as this, it is assumed that one has already seen it and so the community agrees, all around, without actually saying anything that it is okay to have such conversations. Another example of a discourse community is having a set of public goals, which is basically to have a good-natured conversation on the topic at hand. There are adversarial groups of members who share the common objective keeping negative posts away from the conversation. It may not seem like such a description fits at first look, but when studied closely, you come to realize that there are those who oppose those people who may be there just to break down the community's spirits.

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Vladut Bujoreanu (Greene): I never thought of research as the way Doug Brent stated it, "the looking up of facts in the context of other worldviews, other ways of seeing". I can see how this is starting to relate to framing a paper and in what context/view it should/could be in. I really like what Greene brought up with research and seeing it as a means for advancing a conversation, again this is a new thing to me in regards to how I view research but it definitely helps because now I will attack research from a different perspective. This was clear in the example of the composition student and their trip to Dominican Republic. That whole excerpt was used to show how the student writer went off of an old conversation and advanced it through research, firsthand experience, and writing. The old conversation was brought into play by using terms and other text about the conversation. This was all referenced from Mary Louise Pratt's article "Arts of the Contact Zone". The two big things I got out of this are that when researching make sure to take in information from all sides of the perspective not just the one that you side on because there might always be helpful evidence and counterarguments on the other side, and two; make sure to view research as a way to expand on previous conversations. Looking at research from this mindset makes the whole task a lot simpler and easier for me to understand at this point in terms of what needs to be done and researched.

Reflection
I chose to use these three particular postings because I think they reflect my best work in the literature review area. I also found these readings, by Swales, Devitt, and Greene, to be the most interesting. I chose these two peer postings because they helped me understand the reading through their different interpretations. In response to my three literature reviews, I found that I could not fully grasp every article and therefore merely wrote summaries with little analysis. Id like to think that I progressed as the articles continued. I did in fact understand the articles better but feel as if my responses could have been better.

Selections of Addition Classwork

Peer Reviews
For: Gabriela Lozada I found your paper to be excellent! There was an abundance of details which supported your claim well. I think the addition of quotes from the Devitt or Bawarshi readings would improve the paper. Dont forget to use citations when you do so. I also think you should add that the apology letters have a hidden purpose: to advertise the company more. Along with the correction of a few grammatical errors your paper will be superb. Overall

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I was very impressed by your paper and helped me improve as well. I enjoyed reading your paper! For: Darian Maurer Your paper had great form but you were confused with what genres to use. You must use one genre from your major, like a call sheet or a script, and use three different samples of that genre. I think your paper could also use some more quotes from the Devitt of Barwarshi readings. Overall, your rough draft is incorrect but your writing style great. Once you correct this major error I know you will have an excellent paper!

Assignment
Bring in an example of a genre in a discourse community for your job:

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ENC 1102: Genre Analysis worksheet.

For this first installment in genre analysis, please read across three samples of your genre to understand the situation, rhetorical appeals, and structure. You dont need to make a fullyfledged argument yet. Rather, this is about getting to know the genre little by little. Looking closely at your genre, please describe the situation and fill in the chart based on the appeals and structure of your genre samples. BE VERY SPECIFIC. Very close analysis is the name of the game for this paper. In other words, you might cite pages where possible, describe visually what the printed pages look like, etc.

1. What is your genre? Paper advertisements 2. What is the (repeated) situation that this genre is a rhetorical response to? Persuading people to buy a product 3. Please fill out this chart with details about rhetorical appeals and structure:

Michelle Stone 39 Question about Rhetorical Feature Appeals What appeals to logos appear? Appeals What appeals to pathos appear? Appeals What appeals to ethos (writers credibility) appear? Genre Sample 1 None; no #s or statistics unveil your sensuality; Sexual appeal None Genre Sample 2 30th anniversary edition Motivational appeal sports? The brand Ralph Lauren Genre Sample 3 None Combined Features that occur across all samples Genre Features Logos is not used often in the advertising industry Speculate on what these rhetorical features can tell us about the situation? Advertising industry cares little about facts when selling and more about appearance

Emotional poem

All use Emotional appeal The best way to create the but in different ways to situation desired for appeal to a different crowd consumers to purchase the product The authors credibility is not easily seen in photographs. Genre sample #3 showed the most ethos Each has text in the ad placed in a position that best catches your attention Cursive text in all three genre samples It doesnt matter the writers credibility in the situation. What only matters is the ability to create an ad regardless of who created it Text plays an important role in advertising and w/o text the ads wouldnt be as successful There are many parts in advertisements even if not conscious to consumers

Poet

Structure Women, How is this text perfume & organized? words over her back Structure Slanted What are its senses parts?

Men playing sports in the cologne bottle Appears professional

Poem in the middle of a peaceful Paris street Cursive texts to appear lighthearted