DIMENSIONING & TOLERANCE

DIMENSIONING AND TOLERANCE

Dr. Jack Zhou Department of Mechanical Engineering and Mechanics Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA You can find a similar presentation in my website: http://www.mem.drexel.edu/faculty/zhou/teaching/mfgcourses/dim/

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DIMENSIONING & TOLERANCE

Dimensional and Geometric Tolerance

Ideal CAD drawings can have perfect dimensions and no errors

Manufactured products always have various manufacturing errors

Products

Error Type Dimensional Error

Control Standard Dimensional Tolerance Geometric Dimension Tolerance No Control Standard Yet Surface Roughness

Dim. Scale Large

PARTS After Manufacturing

Form, Orientation, Position Errors Waviness Roughness

Small
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DIMENSIONING & TOLERANCE

Flatness

Waviness

X 10 to 100

X 10 to 100 X 10 to 100

Roughness

Dimension Scale Relations of Four Errors

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DIMENSIONING & TOLERANCE

TOLERANCING - INTRODUCTION
Tolerances define the manufacturing limits for dimensions. All dimensions have tolerances either written directly on the drawing as part of the dimension or implied by a predefined set of standard tolerances that apply to any dimension that does not have a stated tolerance:
Specified Dimensions Dimensional Tolerance DU
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DIMENSIONING & TOLERANCE

TOLERANCING - FITS

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DIMENSIONING & TOLERANCE

TOLERANCING - FITS (Cont)

Clearance Fits

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DIMENSIONING & TOLERANCE

TOLERANCING - FITS (Cont)

Interference Fits
An interference fit is the condition that exist when, due to the limits of the dimensions, mating parts must be pressed together.

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TOLERANCING - FITS (Cont)

Transition Fits
The fit can have either clearance or interference.

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DIMENSIONING & TOLERANCE

TOLERANCING - FITS (Cont)

Interference Fits H7/p6 or P7/h6 H7/s6 or S7/h6 H7/u6 or U7/h6 Clearance Fits H11/c11 or C11/h11 H9/d9 or D9/h9 H8/f7 or F8/h7 H7/g6 or G7/h6 Transition Fits H7/h6 H7/k6 or K7/h6 H7/n6 or N7/h6 = Locational transition fit = Medium drive fit = Force fit

= Loose running fit = Free running fit = Close running fit = Sliding fit

= Locational clearance fit = Locational transition fit = Locational transition fit

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DIMENSIONING & TOLERANCE

TOLERANCING - FITS (Cont)

Standard Hole Tolerance Range

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DIMENSIONING & TOLERANCE

TOLERANCING - FITS (Cont)

Standard Shaft Tolerance Range

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DIMENSIONING & TOLERANCE

Specific Tolerance Dimensioning Types: Default Tolerance

TOLERANCING - TYPES

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DIMENSIONING & TOLERANCE

Specific Tolerance Dimensioning Types: Zero and Bilateral Tolerance

TOLERANCING - TYPES (Cont)

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DIMENSIONING & TOLERANCE

TOLERANCING - TYPES (Cont)

Specific Tolerance Dimensioning Types: Limit Tolerance and Basic Dimension

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DIMENSIONING & TOLERANCE

TOLERANCING - TYPES (Cont)

Bilateral Tolerance

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DIMENSIONING & TOLERANCE

TOLERANCING - TYPES (Cont)

Unilateral Tolerance

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DIMENSIONING & TOLERANCE

TOLERANCING - TYPES (Cont)

Limit Dimensions

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DIMENSIONING & TOLERANCE

TOLERANCING - TYPES (Cont)

Symmetric Tolerance

3.035 0.015

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DIMENSIONING & TOLERANCE

Equations for Dimensional Tolerance

1. Hole tolerance: TH = Hmax Hmin
+0.021

2. Shaft tolerance: TS = Smax Smin 3. Maximum clearance: Cmax = Hmax Smin

Hole: 25

0.0

-0.007

Shaft: 25
4. Minimum clearance: Cmin = Hmin Smax 5. Maximum interference: Imax = Hmin Smax 6. Maximum interference: Imin = Hmax Smin 7. Fit tolerance: TF = TH + TS

-0.02

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Home work
1. Find TH, Ts, Tf, Cmax, Cmin, and what kind of fit it is ? Hole 50 upper deviation +0.041, lower deviation 0.0 Shaft 50 upper deviation -0.014, lower deviation -0.040 2. Find TH, Ts, Tf, Cmax, Imax, and what kind of fit it is ? Hole 25 upper deviation +0.021, lower deviation 0.0 Shaft 25 upper deviation +0.028, lower deviation +0.015

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GEOMETRIC DIMENSIONING AND TOLERANCING (GDT)

Dr. Jack Zhou Department of Mechanical Engineering and Mechanics Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA

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DIMENSIONING & TOLERANCE

SYMBOLS & ABBREVIATIONS

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Geometric Characteristics & Symbols

DIMENSIONING & TOLERANCE

DATUM REFERENCING

Datum Reference Frame DU

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DATUM FEATURE SYMBOL

Datum Feature DU

Datum Feature Symbol

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DATUM FEATURE SYMBOL (Cont)

Feature Surface and extension line DU

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DATUM FEATURE SYMBOL (Cont)

When the datum is the axis or center plane DU

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DATUM FEATURE SYMBOL (Cont)

When the datum is the axis DU

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DATUM FEATURE SYMBOL (Cont)

Where no geometrical tolerance and feature control frame used DU

DIMENSIONING & TOLERANCE

DATUM FEATURE SYMBOL (Cont)

When the feature controlled is the datum axis/datum center plane DU

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MAXIMUM MATERIAL CONDITION

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MMC

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LEAST MATERIAL CONDITION

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LMC

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TOLERANCES OF FORM
Straightness

Straightness Tolerance Zone

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Straightness Tolerance

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TOLERANCES OF FORM
Flatness

Flatness Tolerance Zone Flatness Tolerance

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TOLERANCES OF FORM
Circularity

Circularity Tolerance Zone

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Circularity Tolerance

DIMENSIONING & TOLERANCE

TOLERANCES OF FORM
Cylindricity
Cylindricity Tolerance Zone

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Cylindricity Tolerance

DIMENSIONING & TOLERANCE

TOLERANCES OF ORIENTATION
Perpendicularity
Perpendicularity Tolerance Zone

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Perpendicularity Tolerance

DIMENSIONING & TOLERANCE

TOLERANCES OF ORIENTATION
Angularity
Angularity Tolerance Zone

Angularity Tolerance

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TOLERANCES OF ORIENTATION
Parallelism

Parallelism Tolerance Zone

T: Tangent Plane

Parallelism Tolerance

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TOLERANCE OF PROFILE
Profile
Profile Tolerance Zone of Line

Profile Tolerance of Line

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TOLERANCE OF PROFILE (Cont)

Profile (Cont)

Profile Tolerance of Surface

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TOLERANCE OF RUNOUT
Runout

Circular Runout Tolerance Zone

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TOLERANCE OF RUNOUT (Cont)

Runout (Cont)
Circular Runout Tolerance

Total Runout Tolerance

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TOLERANCE OF LOCATION
Concentricity

Concentricity Tolerance Zone

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Concentricity Tolerance

TOLERANCE OF LOCATION
Position
Position Tolerance Zone

DIMENSIONING & TOLERANCE

Position Tolerance

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TOLERANCE OF LOCATION
Symmetry

Symmetry Tolerance Zone

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Symmetry Tolerance

DIMENSIONING & TOLERANCE

Home work
If a shaft is 100.05 inch what is its maximum and minimum material conditions. Please draw circularity and perpendicularity symbol blocks and tolerance zones for a cylinder and a upside down T shape block, respectively.

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