These turbines have propeller blades that are much smaller but produce more electricity as the air

is directed through the turbine by a surrounding shroud. Small turbines that will produce 10 kilowatt power will be initially manufactured and they will then be followed by megawatt capacity turbines. A problem associated with micro wind turbines is that they must work well in both light and high winds, for instance under stormy conditions when they should not spin too fast. In the case of the larger wind turbines, the design of the blades takes care of this problem, making them stall under very high speed wind. This is done through sensors that send signals to attached computers which in turn ad ust the turbine speeds. This is too e!pensive a solution. "owever, nature is often the best teacher. The stability of dragonflies even under high wind conditions provided critically important clues. The dragonfly is very stable in its flight, even under high wind speeds. This is due to the special design of its wings which are thin and fle!ible, and have small protrusions on their surfaces. These protrusions create a number of swirling vortices that contribute to the e!traordinary aerodynamic stability of the dragonfly. #ased on this, the Akira $bata of %ippon #unri &niversity in 'apan has invented a micro turbine which is far better than those available previously. (akistan needs to concentrate on solving its energy problems by utilising its e!isting resources of coal, water, wind, and the recently discovered shale oil and shale gas. A reader has rightly pointed out that all the electrical appliances produced in (akistan are )energy inefficient*. +or e!ample our fans, tube,well motors and roadside workshop machines use heavy starting current and also consume much more electricity than American, -uropean, or even .hinese appliances. /hen one considers the millions of fans, tube,well motors and road side workshop motors in the country, one gets some idea of how much energy is being wasted because of the improper enforcement of 0uality standards, particularly those relating to energy efficiency, in those industries that manufacture such motors and appliances. Similarly most of our vehicles, especially locally manufactured bodies of trucks and buses, are energy inefficient. .oncluded The writer is the president of the (akistan Academy of Sciences and former chairman of the "-.. -mail1 ibne2sina3hotmail.com