Heywood Chu Period 6 APUSH Calero Chapter #18: Renewing the Sectional Struggle Big Picture Themes 1.

. The main question facing the nation was, !ill new lands won from "e#ico ha$e sla$es or %e free&' (. The answer to the question was hammered out in the Com)romise of 1*+,. -t said California was to %e free, )o)ular so$ereignty .the )eo)le decide/ for the rest of the lands. 0. A tougher fugiti$e sla$e law was a ma1or concession to the South, %ut it wasn2t enforced. This angered the Southerners. 3. The 4orth5South rift was widened with the 6ansas74e%ras8a Act. -t re)ealed the "issouri Com)romise which had 8e)t the )eace for a generation. -n it2s )lace, )o)ular so$ereignty o)ened the 9reat Plains to )otential sla$ery. !hereas the sla$e7land issue had %een settled, now it was a %ig question mar8. IDE TI!IC"TI# S: Ste)hen :ouglas Stephen Douglas was a senator of the congress who proposed the Kansas-Nebraska compromise, in which Kansas would be a slave state and Nebraska a free state. ;ran8lin Pierce Pierce was a president of the United States and was elected and nominated as a candidate. e was known for his neutralit! in office, since no one hated him, nut nor did was an ideal leader. Com)romise of 1*+, " Nationwide #ompromise that stated that $e%as would surrender claim of New &e%ico, #alifornia was to be a free state, Utah was to choose to be free or slave state, under the principles of popular sovereignt!. Slave trade in D.# was banned, and the 'ugitive Slave (aw was passed, in which it angered the north. <achary Taylor

$a!lor was a ke! militar! leader in the &e%ican )ars and he was nominated. $a!lor was a neutral person in the respective time of crisis* slaver!. =ohn C. Calhoun #alhoun was a senator that argued the states+ rights for the south, and declared that runawa! slaves are to be returned to the Salve states in the South. "atthew C. Perry Perr! was a diplomat sent to ,apan as a negotiator to open trade in the $reat! of Kanagawa. Henry Clay enr! #la! pla!ed an important role in the -.//+s as a 01reat #ompromiser2. e was known to urge compromise and concessions. e did N3$ want violence and turmoil in the nation and congress. ;ree7Soil Party " political part! in the -.//+s that stood b! the principle of no more slaver! e%pansion in the countr!. $he! were northerners and was founded in -.4.. $he! nominated 5an 6uren. ;ugiti$e Sla$e >aw $his was a law passed b! congress in which all runawa!s in the North was to be found, captured and return to the south. 7n reverse, $he South took offense. Harriet Tu%man $ubman was a ke! role in the Underground 8ailroad in which she was an important 0conductor that led man! slaves to the free north. ?stend "anifesto " deal made b! peaceful President Pierce in which the! address the ship-9acking b! #uba. " ransom would be paid, but if Spain re9ected this ransom, the! would use militar! force and war with #uba. 6ansas74e%ras8a Act $his was an act in which the #ongress agreed on Kansas would be a slave state, Nebraska a free state. $his was good the South, since now the! could now 0choose2 which states to be slave, under the principle of Pop. Sov.

Chapter #1$: Dri%ting Towar& Disunion Big Picture Themes 1. Uncle Tom2s Ca%in dro$e a wedge %etween the 4ortherner and Southerner. The South cried foul saying it ga$e a $iew of sla$ery that was too harsh and unrealistic, %ut it cemented each section2s feelings on the issue. (. 6ansas %ecame the %attleground o$er sla$ery. Since sla$ery there was to %e decided %y )o)ular $ote, each side )assionately fought for their )osition. @loodshed resulted. 0. The Su)reme Court2s :red Scott decision was huge. -t said that Congress or a legislature cannot outlaw sla$ery in the territories. Affecti$ely then, all new lands were )ossi%le sla$e lands. 3. A financial )anic in 1*+B added to the chaos and uncertainty. +. A%e >incoln arri$ed on the scene. Although he lost to Ste)hen :ouglas for -llinois Senate, he made a name for himself there. 6. -n 1*6,, A%e >incoln won a $ery sectional race for )resident o$er 0 other candidates. The South had )romised to lea$e the union if A%e won. He won, and the South indeed seceded. IDE TI!IC"TI# S: Hinton Hel)er C $he 7mpending #risis of the South elper was an author who wrote the book -m)ending Crisis of the South'. elper wrote this and critici:ed slaver! morall! and was written around the same time as Uncle Tom2s Ca%in' 9eorge ;itDhugh 'it:hugh was a theorist who claimed that slaver! was was ke! to econom! and slaves were lower than whites, and that the! need the protection of slaver! itself. e was hardcore pro-slaver!. =ohn @rown

8adical and had a engaging stare, 6rown was a mart!r who was well known for gathering men and his sons included to avenge the incident in (awrence, in which the Southern $roops were sent there and burned homes and destro!ed properties, in hatred of the ruffian borderlands. e brutall! killed ; slave supporters b! cutting them up, literall!. ,ee:, this gu! was kinda cra:!. e was an abolitionist who also planed to end slaver! b! passing out arms to revolutionaries, but was captured and killed in sentence as treason. Charles Sumner Sumner was a congressman who was an abolitionist who critici:ed S #arolina congressman, including a Preston 6rooks. :red Scott $his was ke! court case that tried a slave whose owner went to the North and back to the South. Slaved Dred Scott argued that since he lived with his master in the north, he was now a free man. owever, the decision was made that slaves, were N3$ citi:ens, so therefore the! cannot sue. A%raham >incoln $all, a bit awkward and prominent in stature, (incoln was a congressman who was chosen b! the 8epublican Part! to run for presidenc!, against ,. 6ell, ,. 6reckenridge, and S. Douglas. e won. )hoohoo< =D (incoln was known for his desire to end slaver!* he sought it to be unmoral and not cool. is part! was known for protective tariffs and the desire to keep the union awa! from secession. =ohn Crittenden " senator from the south who proposed a compromise that ultimatel! was to appease the south and the north, all in the effort to keep the countr! in one piece. 7t failed. @leeding 6ansas' Kansas was a battleground for a pro%!-war that took place at the borders. 7t was due to the fact that Kansas was proposing itself legall! as a state of the union, but it wasn+t a slave state >north?. owever, there were slave owners there alread!, and would be protected b! federal law and #onstitution. $his cause guerilla warfare in Kansas. American or 6now74othing' Party $he political part! formed as an anti-immigration part!. $he! was all about mudslinging in the elections leading to the @lection of -.A/. Panic of 1*+B

$his was a ma9or recession due to an over speculation in the west and the revenue crashed due to high demand and the currenc! value dropped it like it was hot, from the #alifornia 1old 8ush.

>incoln7:ouglas :e%ates " set of debates in which (incoln challenges 5an 6uren and he lot to speeches and debates for the media and public displa! on their respective part!+s ;ree)ort :octrine BSince ultimate power was held b! the people, slaver! should be banned if the people indeed voted it down, regardless of how the Supreme #ourt ruled.

'(IDED RE"DI ' )(ESTI# S: Stowe an& *elper: +iterar, Incen&iaries 6nowE Harriet @eecher Stowe, Hinton Hel)er 1. !hich %oo8, Uncle $omCs #abin or $he 7mpending #risis of the South was more im)ortant& A#)lain. Uncle $om+s #abin was more important. $he book reached not onl! the continental "merica, but also @urope and UK. The orth-South Contest %or .ansas 6nowE @eecherFs @i%les, @order Guffians (. !hat went wrong with )o)ular so$ereignty in 6ansas& Kansas was selected to use pop sovereignt!, so the slave owners could use slaves in Kansas, which is north of the DA D/. .ansas in Con/ulsion 6nowE =ohn @rown, Pottawatomie Cree8, >ecom)ton Constitution 0. !hat was the effect of H@leeding 6ansasH on the :emocratic Party& ,ohn 6rown was an avenger of the incident and caused violence in the borders of Kansas. $his be came to notice on the government and soon tried 6rown treason, and was killed. 0Bull,0 Broo1s an& *is Blu&geon

6nowE Charles Sumner, Preston @roo8s + !hat was the consequence of @roo8Fs %eating of Sumner in the 4orth& The South& 7n -.;A Senator #harles Sumner made an abolitionist speech insulting S# Senator "ndrew 6utler. Preston 6rooks, 6utlerCs nephew and congressman from S#, heard SumnerCs speech and on the Senate floor beat him into a coma with his cane. $he beating helped to escalate tensions between north and south 0#l& Buc10 /ersus 0The Path%in&er0 6nowE =ames @uchanan, =ohn C. ;remont, The American Party 6. Assess the candidates in the 1*+6 election. 'ilmore was of the "merican Part!, and was not desirable. 'remont was popular with the north, he was republican and was in favors with abolitionists. 6uchanan was elected as President since he hated the most votes and was a Democratic of the South. $he south was powerful, and had the favor of 6uchanan. The Electoral !ruits o% 1823 B. -nter)ret the results of the election of 1*+6. 6uchanan was a Democratic and he received most votes and won, and more importantl!, he was pro slaver!, which meant all southern states voted for him. Ne%t up was 'remont, losing to -E4 to --4. e had most votes in the north. e was a republican. $he KnowNothing Part! was at the end with 'ilmore as their nominee, with onl! -D votes in @.# The Dre& Scott Bom4shell 6nowE :red Scott, Goger @. Taney * !hy was the :red Scott decision so di$isi$e& Dred Scott was condemned of being a slave even after the residence in a free state. $ane! sentence him to be un able to sue the government, since blacks and slaves were not citi:ens. $his caused anger in the north. The !inancial Crash o% 1825 * How did the Panic of 1*+B ma8e Ci$il !ar more li8ely& $he 1old 8ush in #alifornia was the ma9or cause of the recession, and it caused the war partl! because of the financial distresses in the North, in high demand to firearms and other goods. 7n the south, farmland value dropped and the farm was no longer of an! value, and couldn+t be sold. $he! blamed each other. "n Illinois Rail-Splitter Emerges 1,. :escri%e A%raham >incolnFs %ac8ground.

e was poorl! educated but he was a talented speaker. e was tall, witt! and stood out in a crowd with his somewhat awkward ph!sical proportions. (incoln was a congressman and he was simple minded.

The 'reat De4ate: +incoln /ersus Douglas 6nowE ;ree)ort :octrine 11. !hat long term results occurred %ecause of the >incoln7:ouglas de%ates& (incoln received like and so did the opposing parties. $his gave "mericans a clear view on their parties+ philosoph! and goals. $his led to enemies made, but "mericans would now know clearl! what the elected would seek after. 6ohn Brown: 7ur&erer or 7art,r 6nowE Har)erFs ;erry, Go%ert A. >ee 1(. !hy were the actions of one .craDy&/ man so im)ortant in the growing conflict %etween 4orth and South& ,ohn 6rown+s actions caused bitter hatred between the north and south, since both were at fault and that 6rown had killed man! Southerners. $his led to an ultimate bitterness that will eventuall! be part of the reason of the outbreak of the #ivil war.

The Disruption o% the Democrats 6nowE =ohn C. @rec8enridge, =ohn @ell 10. !hat ha))ened when the :emocratic Party attem)ted to choose a candidate for the )residency in 1*6,& 6reckenridge was from the South. 6ell was from the North. $he! were both democratic, but had one ke! thing that set them apart, out of the thought of collaboration. " Rail-Splitter Splits the (nion 13. !hy was >incoln chosen as the Ge)u%lican candidate instead of Seward& "t the 8epublican National #onvention it was revealed that (incolnCs competition for the nomination Seward, #hase, and 6ates had each alienated factions of the 8epublican Part!. (incoln had a national reputation from his debates and speeches as the most articulate moderate* he won the part!Cs nomination on &a! -., -.A/.

The Electoral (phea/al o% 1838 1+. :id the South ha$e any )ower in the national go$ernment after >incoln2s election, or were they hel)less& $he! became helpless. Now that (incoln was in the leadership of the countr!, emancipation of the slaves would be imminence. owever, at the same time (incoln had stated that he cannot and will not rid slaver!.

The Secessionist E9o&us 6nowE Secession, =efferson :a$is 16.. !hat did President @uchanan do when the South seceded& !hy& 6uchanan simpl! took all the responsibilities and sent it over to (incoln. e was fearful of the decisions and was overwhelmed b! the

The Collapse o% Compromise 1B. !hat was the Crittenden Com)romise and why did it fail& $he #rittenden #ompromise was an attempt to help keep the nation together b! compensating both north and south. 7t failed, because the #onfederates didn+t want to cooperate* slaver! was their steadfast. !arewell to (nion 1*. !hat ad$antages did southerners see in secession& themsel$es to&

!ho did they com)are

$he southern states could now use themselves as a separate econom!, solel! on agriculture and slaves, which could increase monies with the Union. "lso, the! can see no threat as far as slaver! cannot be banished. $he! compare themselves to the "merican 8evolution.