HonorsChemistry

Nov.29th,2013

Name:Elise,Valery,Aisha,ShuenShuen

StoichiometryandMeasurementsLab
Unit4:Stoichiometry

Asadoctorinthehospital,yourpatientneeds1.35gofbariumsulfatefortheproductionofhis "lifesaving"medicine.Youknowthateverytimeyouconductthisreaction,yougeta79.5%yield. Thechemicalsthatyouhavetoworkwitharesodiumsulfateandbariumnitrate.(theyare veryexpensive,sousetheminimumamountneeded) Describefullywhatyouaregoingtodo. Materials: EmptyBeakers Filterpaper Funnel Sodiumnitrate Bariumnitrate Water StirringRod Scale Calculations: Beforebeginning,includeallcalculationsnecessarytobeginyourprocedure. TY:1.70gBaSO4 LimitingReactant:BaSO4 1.902gBa(NO3)2 1.035gNaSO4

Tomaketheactualyieldof1.35gBaSO4,youneed1.902Ba(NO3)2and1.035gNa2SO4. ExperimentProcedure: 1.Measurethemassthebeaker,thenaddsodiumsulfateintothebeaker.Subtracttheoriginal massofthebeakerinordertofindthemassofthesodiumsulfate. 2.Repeatstep1butreplacesodiumsulfatewithbariumnitrate. 3.Mixthetwosamplesofsodiumsulfateandbariumnitratetogetherinabeaker.Thenadd watertothemixture,itisunnecessarytomassthewater.Itisunnecessarybecausethebarium sulfatewontdissolveinthewaterandthatiswhatyouwanttocalculatesotheonlypurposeof thewateristogetoutthesodiumnitratefromthemixture. 4.Measurethemassofafilterpaper,thenpourthemixturethroughthefilterpaperintoanempty beaker. 5.Letthemixturesitovernight. 6.Onceallthewaterhaspassedthroughthefilterpaper,masstheamountofprecipitatethat stillremainsinthefilterpaper. 7.Subtractthemassoftheprecipitateinthefilterpaperfromtheemptyfilterpapertogetthe massoftheremainingprecipitate.

Table1:Massesofmaterialsandsubstancesusedintheexperiment Object: Beaker SodiumSulfate: BeakerforBariumNitrate BariumNitrate Filterpaper MassofBaSO4onfilterpaper MassofremainingBaSO4 Mass: 47.46g 48.17g47.46g=0.71g 46.06g 1.60g 1.22g 2.882g 1.662g

Figure1:Bariumsulfateafterithadbeenfiltered

AnalysisandDiscussion:Asyoucollectyourdata,includeacalculationofthepercentyield andpercenterror,sourcesoferror,willyourpatienthaveenoughforhismedicine,what improvementswouldyoumaketoyourprocedurefornexttime. Balancedequation:Na2SO4(aq)+Ba(NO3)2(s)2NaNO3(aq)+BaSO4(s) Theoreticalyield:0.71Na2SO4(1molNa2SO4/142.05gNa2SO4)(1molBaSO4/1mol Na2SO4)(233.37gBaSO4/1molBaSO4)=1.166BaSO4 Percentyield:1.662gBaSO4/1.166gBaSO4=1.425100%=142.5%yield Discussion1:Whatwasthetheorybehindyourlab?Whattechniqueswereused?Why?What chemicalconceptshelpedyoutoproducetheproducts?Didyougetcloseto100%yield?Will yourpatientsurvive?Isyouryieldtoohighorlow?Whataffectedyouryieldforeach?(be specificinyourerroranalysistocoincidewithyourresults(highorlow)). Thetechniquesthatwereusedwerestoichiometryandbalancedequations.Thesewereused becausethatishowtocalculatethetheoreticalyieldwhichiswhatwasneededinordertofind outhowmuchofeachreactantwasneededtomakebariumsulfate.Ourpercentyieldwasover 100%sothatmeansthattherewasanerrorbecausethatistoohigh.Somepossiblesourcesof errorarethatnotenoughwaterwasaddedtothemixtureinordertofilterallofthesodiumnitrate out.Thiswouldhavecausedthemassofthefinalprecipitatetobegreater.Anotherpossible erroristhatnotallthewatercouldhavebeenfilteredoutofthemixturewhichwouldhavemade ourmassofbariumsulfatetoogreat.Basedonthedata,thepatientwillhaveenoughbarium sulfateforthemedicineandtherewillbe0.312gofbariumsulfateleftover.

Discussion2:Whatwouldyoudifferentlynexttime.Proposethreepossibleimprovementsto thislab.Whatdidyoulearnfromthelab?Whatotherreallifeapplicationcanyouapplythisto? Somepossibleimprovementstomaketheprocedurebetterfornexttimewouldbetomakesure thatallofthesodiumnitratehadbeenfilteredoutbyaddingmorewatertothemixtureaswellas tomakesurethatallapparatuseswerecleanedbeforeexperimentbecauseintheend, precipitateformedinthewaterandsodiumnitratesolutionwhenitshouldnthave.Afinal improvementthatcouldhavebeenmadewastowaitalongertimebeforemassingthe precipitatebecausethatway,wecouldhavebeensurethatallofthewaterhadbeenfilteredout. Whatwelearnedfromthelabishowstoichiometry(theoreticalandactualyields)canbeapplied toreallife.Anotherreallifeapplicationthatyoucouldapplythistowouldbecookingbecause someoftheingredientsmightevaporatewithheatsoyouwouldneedtofindouthowmuchto addtotheinitialrecipe.

HonorsChemistryLabStoichiometryandMeasurementLABBLOGRUBRIC GroupMembers ____________________________________________________________________________ Title/purpose _____/1 Materials _____/1 Conclusionstatement _____/1 Concludingstatementattheendofthereportsummarizesyourlabfindingsandrefersbackto purpose. Labclean _____/2
Excellent 5 VeryGood 4.5 Good 4 Average 3.5 Below Average 30

Procedure:(pasttense,paragraphformat,no useofIorwe)withrationalerelatedtothe Questionstobeaddressedfromprelab Showallcalculationsinyourlogicofthe massesofreactantsused Istheamountofwaterimportant?Whynot? Whydidyoumassthefilterpaperand/orthe beaker? Datatableswithtitlesandlabelseg)Table1: Massesof ONLYrelevantdataprovidedinthedatatable

(forexample,doyouneedthemassofthe beakerthatyoumixedthereactantsin?Did youusethatmassinyourcalculations?If not,dontincludeit!) Reactiondescribed(reactantsandproducts) Analysisofdata Showcalculationsofactualyield Calculationstodeterminepercentyieldand percenterrorforeachproduct.(withattention tosigfigsfromdata) Discussion1:Whatwasthetheorybehind yourlab?Whattechniqueswereused?Why? Whatchemicalconceptshelpedyouto producetheproducts?Didyougetcloseto 100%yield?Willyourpatientsurvive?Isyour yieldtoohighorlow?Whataffectedyouryield foreach?(bespecificinyourerroranalysis tocoincidewithyourresults(highorlow)). Discussion2:Whatwouldyoudifferentlynext time.Proposethreefeasibleimprovementsto thislab.Whatdidyoulearnfromthelab? Whatotherreallifeapplicationcanyouapply thisto?

/35points