PHOTOSYNTHESIS SUMMARATIVE REPORT

Lia Gubau Llibre Science 6 11/14/2013

PROBLEM: How does doubling the amount of Co2 from .5 grams of bisoudiun carbonate dissolve in 100 mL of water to 1 gram dissolved in 100 mL of water affect the rate of photosynthesis? HYPOTHESIS: If the Carbon dioxide is increased (by doubling the baking soda), then the rate of photosynthesis will increase. THEORY: Photosynthesis is the process that helps plants make their food. During this process, plants convert water, carbon dioxide, and sunlight/energy into glucose and oxygen. This oxygen also helps all living beings survive. Photosynthesis takes place mostly in the leaves, because that is the part of the plant that is most exposed. The carbon dioxide enters through the stomata, which are little holes on the bottom of the leaves. I think that the rate of photosynthesis would increase, when baking soda is added, there is more oxygen produced, which means that the rate of photosynthesis will increases. PROCEDURE FOR CARBON DIOXIDE (BAKING SODA) 1. Measure and cut at an angle elodea 7 to 9 cm. 2. Remove a few leaves from end of stem and slightly crush end of stem. 3. Measure baking soda in .5 grams and 1.0 grams in two different test tubes. 4. Put elodea stem side up in a test tube. 5. Fill test tube with water and baking soda solution (1 gram to 100 mL of water). 6. Time both test tubes at the same time. 7. Put tubes in rack and adjust lamp 5 cm from top of test tubes. 8. Turn on lamps and wait 1 minute. 9. After 1 minute, begin counting small, medium and large bubbles for 3 minutes. Record data.

DATA/OBSERVATIONS: Trial 1 grams Oxygen Produced in 3 minutes with .5 g and 1 g baking soda Small x 1 CO2 1 gram .5 gram Notes: Trial 2 grams Oxygen Produced in 3 minutes with .5 g and 1 g baking soda Small x 1 CO2 1 gram .5 gram 14x1 14 16x1 16 Medium x 2 4x2 8 3x2 6 Large x 3 5x3 15 4x3 12 Total 37 34 12x1 12 11x1 11 Medium x 2 3x2 6 2x2 4 Large x 3 5x3 15 5x3 15 Total 33 30

AVERAGES FOR 2 TRIALS. Trials 1 2 Total Average .5 grams 30 34 = 64/2 32 1 gram 33 37 = 70/2 35

2013 AVERAGE DATA IN 3 MINUTES FROM 5 DIFFERENT CLASSES .5g CLASS PERIOD AVERAGES 1 2 3 4 6 7 TOTAL/5 AVERAGE Baking Soda 1g % Oxygen Decrease/Increase

108 69 33.7 23.7 26.3 3.8 264.5/6 44.1

139 47 26.5 14.3 36.3 72.8 335.9/6 56

22.3 increase 31.8 decrease 21.4 decrease 39.6 decrease 27.5 increase 94.7 increase 21.3 increase

Oxygen Averages Data

60

56 44.1 32 35 26.3 36.3

0.5 grams 1 gram

Average of oxygen in 3 minutes

50 40 30 20 10 0

Group

Period 6

7th Grade

Conclusion: How does doubling the amount of Co2 from .5 grams of bisoudiun carbonate dissolve in 100 mL of water to 1 gram dissolved in 100 mL of water affect the rate of photosynthesis? I hypothesized that if the Carbon dioxide is increased (by doubling the baking soda), then the rate of photosynthesis will increase. In our group when we put .5 grams of baking soda for the fist trial during three minutes we got 33 bubbles. When we did it again for the second trial we got 37. Afterwards when we tested it with 1 gram of baking soda we got 30 for the first trial and 34 for the second one. Our average for .5 grams was 32 and for 1 gram our average was 35. The average of our group was 27.5 increase, compared to the seventh grade average, which was 21.3 increase. Therefor my hypothesis was right. ANNALYSIS: Examining the 2013 data there are some inconsistencies. One inconsistency was that Period 1 had really large numbers, which affected the average. The average for 0.5 grams of baking soda including Period 1 is 44.1 and without it is 31.3. The average with 1 gram of baking soda including Period 1 is 56.0 and without it is 39. Another inconsistency is that Period 7 had a really big increase from 3.8 to 72.8, and that 50% periods had a decrease and 50% had an increase. The results might have been inconsistent because different people have different ideas about what is considered big, medium, and small. Another thing that might have caused inconsistencies is that some periods had the lamp at 2 cm and others at 20 cm becauese we did not have a specific measurement. To make this test more reliable we would have to have some basic procedures to follow in each group. For example, our group should all have the lamp at the same distance. BIBLIOGRAPHY: Coolidge-Stolz M.D., Elizabeth, et al. Focus On Life Science. Boston, Mass: Prentice Hall, 2008. Young, Paul. The Botany Coloring Book. Cambridge, New York: Harper and Row, 1982.