Social
cognitive psychologists explore the persons ability to reason; to think about the past, present, and future ; and to reflect on ones self are two major social cognitive approaches
There
that behavior, environment, and person/cognitive factors are all important in understanding personality
Where
4. Self-efficacy
Reciprocal determinism
Is
the term to describe the way behavior, environment and person/cognitive factors interact to create personality
Observational Learning
What
Monkey It
is believed that we acquire a wide range of behaviors, thoughts, and feelings through observing others behavior and that these observations strongly shape our personalities
Personal Control
Social
cognitive theorists emphasize that we can regulate and control our own behavior despite our changing environment describe as a sense of behavioral control as coming from:
Commonly
When we feel that we ourselves are controlling our choices and behaviors, the locus of control is internal, but when other influences are controlling them, the locus of control is external.
Worksheet time! Where do you fall on the spectrum? Do you agree with it?
You believe that you are in command of your choices and behaviors Your answers will depend n what you can realistically do
You might say that you cannot predict how things will go because so many factors influence performance Such as whether the test is difficult and if the exam room is too hot or too cold.
Mischels Contributions
Critique
of consistency in behavior
another
Mischels Contributions
CAPS
theory
Cognitive affective processing systems Thoughts and emotions about self/world affect behavior Concerned with how personality works
Highlights
Emphasizes
generalizations impossible
Biological Perspectives
Biological Perspectives
Hippocrates
Freud
Allport
Murray
Eysencks
theory
All share optimal arousal level RAS of extraverts and introverts may differ in baseline levels of arousal
Approach or Avoid?
A flower in the middle of the room A snarling dog Halloween candy A man shouting loudly
We have systems within our body that tell us if we would want to approach or avoid certain things or situations
Behavior Genetics
Study
Twin
Genetic factors explain differences in big five traits Autobiographical memories influenced by genetics
Role
of genetic factors enormously complex Genes and environments intertwined Traits influenced by multiple genes
Biological Perspectives
Tie
personality to:
Animal learning models Advances in brain imaging Evolutionary theory Biology can be effect, not cause, of personality Issue of whether personality can change throughout life
Cautions