UNIT 3

STEAM

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Steam

Vapor of water. It does not obey laws of perfect gases, until it is perfect dry.

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Formation of steam
Temp (t)

Vaporization

Melting
Latent heat of ice
Sensible heat of water

Latent heat of steam

Heat of super heat

Enthalpy (h)

Temperature Enthalpy diagram for formation of steam at constant pressure

Temperature Vs Total Heat Graph in steam formation

Temperature

Water region

k E B

(Critical Point) M N G p2 L p1 F D p C

Superheated Region

S.H

L.H of vaporisation

H.S

Heat
Applied Thermodynamics

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Important terms for steam

Wet steam: moisture or water particles Dry steam: does not contain any water particles Superheated steam: dry steam is further heated at constant pressure it is said to be superheated steam Dryness fraction (quality of wet steam): Mass of actual dry steam / mass of same quantity of wet steam X= mg / (mg + mf) Enthalpy = S.H. + L.H For wet steam h = hf + x hfg For dry steam h = hf + hfg For super heated steam h = hf + hfg + Cp (tsup t)

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Applied Thermodynamics

Important terms for steam

Specific volume For wet steam v = x vg For dry steam h = vg For super heated steam vsup / Tsup = vg / T

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Applied Thermodynamics

H-S diagram

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