Optimum Crosssections Design

DESIGN OF OPTIMUM CROSS-SECTIONS FOR
LOAD-CARRYING MEMBERS USING MULTI-OBJECTIVE

EVOLUTIONARY ALGORITHMS
Dilip Datta
Kalyanmoy Deb
Kanpur Genetic Algorithms Laboratory

(KanGAL)
Deptt. of Mechanical Engg.
IIT Kanpur, Kanpur, India
+91-512-2597668
Kanpur Genetic Algorithms Laboratory

(KanGAL)
Deptt. of Mechanical Engg.
IIT Kanpur, Kanpur, India
+91-512-2597205
ddatta@iitk.ac.in
deb@iitk.ac.in

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ABSTRACT
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1.
INTRODUCTION
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3. METHODOLOGY
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3.2 Clustering a Solution

3.3 Two-Dimensional Binary Crossover Operator

Parent 1
Offspring 1
Subblock 1
Subblock 2
Subblock 3
Subblock 4
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4. RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS

14000
(f)
12000
(e)
(g)
(d)
10000
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3.1 Handling of Design Variables
(c)
8000
(b)
6000
Search Space
4000
(a)
2000
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
Area (unit 2 )
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interchanged
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Subblock 1
Subblock 2
Subblock 3
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I x = 1333 unit 4
A = 40 unit 2
(a)
I x = 4585 unit 4
A = 76 unit 2
(b)
I x = 7189 unit 4
A = 112 unit 2
(c)
I x = 9217 unit 4
A = 148 unit 2
(d)
Subblock 4
(a)
(b)
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I x = 9725 unit 4
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(e)
I x = 11793 unit
A = 220 unit 2
(f)
I x = 13002 unit
A = 320 unit 2
(g)
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30000
(d)
J z (unit 4 )
25000
(c)
20000
15000
(b)
10000
A/I x= 0.015579
(A = 112 unit 2)
(a)
5000
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X
I x = 7189 unit 4
A = 112 unit 2
wA = 0.65
wIx = 0.35
(a)
I x = 9217 unit 4
A = 148 unit 2
wA = 0.60
wIx = 0.40
(b)
I x = 11833 unit 4
A = 220 unit 2
wA = 0.40
wIx = 0.60
(c)
Search Space
(a)
A/I x= 0.015579
(A = 112 unit 2)
(b)
I x = 13009 unit 4
A = 292 unit 2
wA = 0.20
wIx = 0.80
(d)
2}ZU
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g
h
g
h
50
100
150
200
Area (unit 2 )
250
300
350
fJ"Z wv&@5!Z R0;-[yrZ"n9,K- +
Jz = 2792 unit 4
A = 48 unit 2
(a)
Jz = 8448 unit 4
A = 72 unit 2
(b)
Jz = 17443 unit 4
A = 160 unit 2
(c)
Jz = 23635 unit 4
A = 268 unit 2
(d)
f J"Z xnBA98 L80+- RO8}"rC,K- +

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?!(+*-:;A"*-/01+47XN*-M<Q%^
18000
(c)
10000
I x = 6709 unit 4
I y = 6653 unit 4
A = 112 unit 2
R g = 7.707 unit (min)
6000
Search Space
4000
(a)
2000
0
50
I x = 5845 unit 4 (min)

I y = 7125 unit 4 (max)
A = 112 unit 2
(b)
(c)
2}"$ g#RBA=8 OZ"80+- RO-}"rC,K- %;
(b)
8000
(a)
12000
100
150
200
250
300
350
Area (unit 2 )
2}"Z }n&@fZ -;8[yZ",)- %o?
Jz = 563 unit 4 Jz = 7123 unit 4

A = 28 unit 2 A = 76 unit 2
(a)
(b)
Jz = 15720 unit 4
A = 228 unit 2
(d)
Jz = 12843 unit 4
A = 160 unit 2
(c)
2 }Z e#%$ A98 L80+- RO8}"r,K- %o?

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7000
(c)
Iy (unit 4)
J z (unit 4)
14000
I x = 7061 unit 4 (max)

I y = 6061 unit 4 (min)
A = 112 unit 2
(d)
16000
(b)
6500
Search Space
6000
5500
(a)
7200
4500
7000
(b)
Iy (unit 4)
6800
6600
6400
Search Space
(a)
6200
6000
5800
5000
5500
6000
Ix (unit 4 )
(c)
6000
6200
6400
6600
Ix (unit 4 )
6800
7000
7200
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1+47'O6Bq@L:21+'=476/0(+*-@L:;*9h9@:fBC*-M7Mâop*06/-*O?R1+3*Y47EA"'L:;*8,rF:;3@LA"*
'LI547GO.R(+* /ZY47:k/D3@6GO*-,[1+'T1+3@Z19'If4VGL.!(+* - @N]^[_4VE47MV@(
I x = 7189 unit 4 (max)

I y = 5277 unit 4 (min)
A = 112 unit 2
I x = 6565 unit 4
I y = 6773 unit 4
A = 112 unit 2
(a)
I x = 4917 unit 4 (min)

I y = 7189 unit 4 (max)
A = 112 unit 2
(b)
(c)
:;4<1+.@1+47'O6e'%/-/-.R(+:kB24<1+3P1+3*:;*-/0'O6,P*]vR1;(+*0E*:;'OM7.!1+47'O6j@MV:;'R?a@L:
:;3!'8B26P47GO.R(+* - /8]^&q3'L.GL3eh4V:Y(+*01D@476*8,j*0v1;(+*-E*kXL@LM7.!*
'IfhL]?S.R1\4<1+:\/-'(;(+*-:;A"'O6,!476GTh
47:Y476/](+*8@L:;*8,i,!.!*K1+'1+3*K47E=F
A"'(;1D@L6!/-*9'IaE@ZvR4VE47w-476!G ^po5'8Bq*-XN*](8?"6':;47GO6!4 /8@L6%1Y/D3@6GL*
47:f'OS!:;*0(+XN*8,
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I q@L:;*0F 47:2/-'O6!:;4V,!*0(+*8,
Iu'L(5E@vR47E47w-476G
1+3!*(+*0/01D@L6!GO.MV@Z(E'OE*-6%1n'LI4V6!*0(;1+4V@L:qhf@L6,khO"B2347M7*C(+*-:>1;(+47/01;F
476!G1+3!*K@(+*8@6'1p1+'S"*)E'L(+*Y1+3@L6 O .!64<1 ^f&q3!*k:+@E*9\l
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'O6!*\4761+*](+E*0F
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(D@L,!47.:2'IGLQ(D@1+47'O64V6*8@L/D3/8@:;*O?"@Z(+*Y:;3'8B26T476H47GO.R(+* ^
6000
(c)
Iy (unit 4)
(b)
5000
4500
Search Space
4000
(a)
3500
3000
3500
4000
4500
5000
5500
6000
Ix (unit 4 )
2}Z e#Gnu@5! -!;8u[yrn=rC,K- )G

Y
I x = 5845 unit 4 (max)

I y = 3533 unit 4 (min)
A = 112 unit 2
(a)
I x = 4941 unit 4
I y = 4893 unit 4
A = 112 unit 2
(b)
I x = 3125 unit 4 (min)

I y = 5845 unit 4 (max)
A = 112 unit 2
(c)
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E*-6%1='I\476*](;1+4J@[@L6,jE47647E47w-476G[@(+*-@R?y'(E@vR47E47w-476GiS"'L1+3
1+3*a(+*-/01D@L6!GO.!MJ@Z(a@(+*8@\E'LE*-6%1'LI4V6!*0(;1+4V@L:Iu'(aM747E4<1+*8,9@Z(+*8@R^l5M7M
1+3*Y:>1+.,!47*-:f3@8XN*YAR(+',!./0*8,476%1+.4<1+47XN*)@L6,Bq*-M7M<Fr*-6GL4V6!*-*0(+*8,T:;'F
M7.!1+47'O6!:-^Y_!\lfFr;3@L:S"*0*-6YIu'O.!6,\1+' 6,Y,R4<*0(+*-6%1*06GO476!*-*0(+*8,
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1+47E47w8@1+47'O6
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'L(+*:;./D3|@AA!MV47/8@Z1+47'O6:Ek.:>1kS"*T@1;1+*0EA!1+*8,W1+'[.6,R*0(+:>1D@L6,
1+3*9.6,R*0(+M<QR4V6!GAR(+'OSM7*-E:YS"*]1;1+*0(K@L6,i1+'T,R*-/-47A3!*0()47EA"'L(;1D@61
476!I}'L(+E@1+47'L6KI}'L(@2:;'OM7.!1+47'L6K1+'fS"*-/-'LE*a'LA!1+47E@LM^!'L(:;47EA!MV47/-4<1Q%?
'O6!M<Q:>Q!EE*]1;(+4V/-@LM/0(+'L:;:>Fr:;*-/01+47'O6!:qBq*0(+*\/0'O6:;4V,R*0(+*8,3*0(+*Oô5'8ByF
*-XN*](8?q1+3*T:>1+.,RQj/8@6xS"*H*0v1+*-6,!*8,gIu'('1+3*0(.!6:>QREE*01;(+47/8@LM
/0(+'L:;:>F:;*0/01+47'O6:p@L:yBq*0MVM^
5. CONCLUSIONS
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5500
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'ZXN*0(8?L4<13@:@5MV@(+GL*0(XL@LM7.*a'LI1+3!*CE47647Ek.Ec(D@O,R4V.!:'LIGLQ(D@1+47'O6n^
op*06/-*O?ZBC*CE@-QY,(D@8BP@f:;47E47MV@(/0'O6/0MV.!:;47'O6)1+3@1@f/](+'O:;:>Fr:;*-/01+47'O6
B24<1+3
@)/047(+/0.MV@(C/-*-6%1;(D@LM3!'OM7*f3@L:aMV@(+GO*](yXO@M7.*2'LIn1+3*2E47647E9.!E
(D@O,R47.:2'LIGQR(D@Z1+47'O6$^
2 }Z e#Tn A98 L80+- RO8}"r,K- %oG

47GL.!(+*-: !@Ny@6, !/8C:;3'8Bb*0v1;(+*-E*f/0(+'O:;:>Fr:;*-/01+47'L6:2B2471+3
E@ZvR4VEk.EhH@6,WE@ZvR4VEk.EUh?(+*0:;A"*-/01+47XN*-M<Q%^H47GL.!(+* !S
:;3!'8B2:Y@L6476%1+*0(+E*8,!4V@Z1+*k/0(+'L:;:>Fr:;*-/01+47'O6n^Yh6@MVM1+3!*)1+3R(+*-*K/0(+'O:;:>F
:;*0/01+47'O6:-?/-4<(+/-.MV@(;F1Q!A"*p/-*-6%1;(D@LM$3'OM7*-:f@Z(+*KX47:;47SM7*O?!B2347/]3/-'O.!MJ,
A"'L:;:;47SM<QYS"*E@O,R*E'(+*:;E'%'L1+3YS%Q\@q1+.!6476Gy'IR1+3!*a\lPA@(D@E=F
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6.
< &2REFERENCES
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1D,n? a ! ^
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+
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a\u;Dî l#x&$(D@6:-^!'O
6 XN'LMV.R1+47'O6@Z(;
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RrO]?!AA$^ NZF e ! ?"l5A!(+47M L ^
kT@L,!*-4<(D@RK? !^C^l)^V? f',R(+47GO.!*-:-?oK^V?!@6
, 2476@R?!ok^f]"]
W]}R8 YuC
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L u
LD +>LuyLI
L R]K^ XN'LMV.R1+47'O6@Z(;Q
.!M71+4<iF a(+4<1+*0(+47'O6ipAR1+4VE47w8@Z1+47'O6W aHY]?!AA$D^ 0 ZiF 0 ?
lfA!(+47M$ O ^
& 5@L'R?"_"^_"^"qL}+]]}
Su9 ZLo $;LDT"
q;N0]]^p*0BslfGO*Yh6%1+*0(+6@1+47'O6@LM 2C+
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e !k! ^
Zkp'LMJ,RS"*0(+G!?k^ 2^%@L6,=p*-S$? =^R{
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p*-6!*01+47/)l5M7GO'(+4<1+3E: Y\lfF ]?RAAnK^ ! F !O ? e !k!R ^
)\*0S$? =^fD!;8 !0WrHf]]\5 NLDu}B +^
_ ,!3@6 ]?!AAn^" !O F Z ? a !k!! ^
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@6, f*8,!,RQ%?RlK^ )Q^ \ ]+ L]]}D!" L7 LN k +VL
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F k ! ?"_R*-AR1+*-E9S"*](f L ^
< 8)\*-S$? =^7?@L6C, N@L476$?_^ R !+;if;L0+8 K D7L
+u R ) 2uZ;0 L\+
O LLD5 N]u}%B +^lp_

&$(D@6:-^'L6*0/]3@L647/8@M\*-:;47GO6n^ ]?RAAn^ ! F e ! ? O ^

Optimum Crosssections Design

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Optimum Crosssections Design

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DESIGN OF OPTIMUM CROSS-SECTIONS FOR

LOAD-CARRYING MEMBERS USING MULTI-OBJECTIVE

Kanpur Genetic Algorithms Laboratory

Kanpur Genetic Algorithms Laboratory

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3.2 Clustering a Solution

3.3 Two-Dimensional Binary Crossover Operator

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4. RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS

3.1 Handling of Design Variables

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fJ"Z wv&@5!Z R0;-[yrZ"n9,K- +

f J"Z xnBA98 L80+- RO8}"rC,K- +

I x = 5845 unit 4 (min)

2}"$ g#RBA=8 OZ"80+- RO-}"rC,K- %;

2}"Z }n&@fZ -;8[yZ",)- %o?

Jz = 563 unit 4 Jz = 7123 unit 4

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I x = 7061 unit 4 (max)

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I x = 7189 unit 4 (max)

I x = 4917 unit 4 (min)

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I x = 5845 unit 4 (max)

I x = 3125 unit 4 (min)

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