Perangkaan - Siswazah - 2011

JABATAN PERANGKAAN MALAYSIA
DEPARTMENT OF STATISTICS, MALAYSIA
PERANGKAAN
TENAGA BURUH SISWAZAH
STATISTICS OF GRADUATES
IN THE LABOUR FORCE
MALAYSIA
PENYIASATAN TENAGA BURUH

LABOUR FORCE SURVEY
JABATAN PERANGKAAN MALAYSIA

DEPARTMENT OF STATISTICS, MALAYSIA
NOVEMBER 2011
KATA PENGANTAR
Penerbitan keempat keluaran khas Perangkaan Tenaga Buruh

Siswazah ini
menghimpunkan siri masa perangkaan guna
tenaga dan pengangguran dikalangan siswazah (ijazah dan

diploma) dari tahun 1982 hingga 2010 yang tidak diterbitkan di
mana-mana tetapi diperlukan oleh pengguna data masa kini
dalam menganalisis situasi pasaran buruh. Keluaran ini turut
memuatkan siri masa perangkaan tenaga buruh di Malaysia.
Diharapkan maklumat yang dibentangkan dalam laporan ini
dapat membantu perancang dan penyelidik dalam mengkaji
ciri-ciri siswazah, khususnya yang menganggur.
Jabatan Perangkaan Malaysia menghargai kerjasama yang
diberikan
oleh
semua
pihak
penerbitan ini.
Dr. Haji Abdul Rahman bin Hasan

Ketua Perangkawan Malaysia
November 2011
dalam
usaha
menjayakan
PREFACE
The fourth edition of Statistics of Graduates in the Labour Force is

a
compilation
of
unpublished
time
series
statistics
on
employment and unemployment among graduates (degree

and diploma) from 1982 to 2010 which were sought by users in
analysing the labour market situation. This edition also presents
time series data on labour force in Malaysia.
It is hoped that the information presented in this report will assist
both planners and researchers in studying the characteristics of
graduates particularly the unemployed.
The Department of Statistics, Malaysia gratefully acknowledges
and appreciates the co-operation rendered by all parties in
making this publication a success.
Dr. Haji Abdul Rahman bin Hasan

Chief Statistician, Malaysia
November 2011
ii
KANDUNGAN
CONTENTS
Muka surat
Page
Kata pengantar
Preface
i
ii
Senarai jadual
List of tables
Ringkasan penemuan
Summary findings
Jadual utama
Main tables
Jadual Perangkaan Tenaga Buruh

Tables of Labour Force Statistics
31
Nota teknikal
Technical notes
51
iii
SENARAI JADUAL
LIST OF TABLES
SENARAI JADUAL
LIST OF TABLES
JADUAL UTAMA
MAIN TABLES
Jadual
Table
Muka surat
Page
A1a
Perangkaan utama tenaga buruh siswazah, Malaysia, 1982-2010

Principal statistics of graduates in the labour force, Malaysia,
1982-2010
A1b
Perangkaan utama tenaga buruh siswazah (ijazah), Malaysia,

1982-2010
Principal statistics of graduates (degree) in the labour force,
Malaysia, 1982-2010
A1c
Perangkaan utama tenaga buruh siswazah (diploma), Malaysia,

1982-2010
Principal statistics of graduates (diploma) in labour force,
Malaysia, 1982-2010
A2
Bilangan siswazah bekerja mengikut sijil tertinggi diperoleh dan

jantina, Malaysia, 1982-2010
Number of employed graduates by highest certificate obtained
and sex, Malaysia, 1982-2010
10
A3
Bilangan siswazah bekerja mengikut sijil tertinggi diperoleh dan

strata, Malaysia, 1982-2010
Number of employed graduates by highest certificate obtained
and stratum, Malaysia, 1982-2010
11
A4
Taburan peratus siswazah bekerja mengikut kumpulan etnik,

Malaysia, 1982-2010
Percentage distribution of employed graduates by ethnic
group, Malaysia, 1982-2010
12
A5
Bilangan siswazah bekerja mengikut kumpulan umur, Malaysia,

1982-2010
Number of employed graduates by age group, Malaysia,
1982-2010
13
A6a
Bilangan dan taburan peratus siswazah bekerja mengikut

pekerjaan, Malaysia, 1982-2000
Number and percentage distribution of employed graduates by
occupation, Malaysia, 1982-2000
14
Jadual
Table
Muka surat
Page
A6b
Bilangan dan taburan peratus siswazah (ijazah) bekerja mengikut

Number and percentage distribution of employed graduates
(degree) by occupation, Malaysia, 1982-2000
15
A6c
Bilangan dan taburan peratus siswazah (diploma) bekerja

mengikut pekerjaan, Malaysia, 1982-2000
(diploma) by occupation, Malaysia, 1982-2000
16
A7
Bilangan dan taburan peratus siswazah bekerja mengikut sijil

tertinggi diperoleh dan pekerjaan, Malaysia, 2001-2010
highest certificate obtained and occupation, Malaysia, 20012010
17
A8a
Bilangan dan taburan peratus siswazah bekerja mengikut industri,

Malaysia, 1982-2000
industry, Malaysia, 1982-2000
18
A8b
Bilangan dan taburan peratus siswazah (ijazah) bekerja mengikut

industri, Malaysia, 1982-2000
(degree) by industry, Malaysia, 1982-2000
19
A8c
Bilangan dan taburan peratus siswazah (diploma) bekerja

mengikut industri, Malaysia, 1982-2000
(diploma) by industry, Malaysia, 1982-2000
20
A9

tertinggi diperoleh dan industri, Malaysia, 2001-2009
highest certificate obtained and industry, Malaysia, 2001-2009
21
A10

tertinggi diperoleh dan industri, Malaysia, 2010
highest certificate obtained and industry, Malaysia, 2010
23
A11
Bilangan siswazah menganggur mengikut sijil tertinggi diperoleh

dan jantina, Malaysia, 1982-2010
Number of unemployed graduates by highest certificate
obtained and sex, Malaysia, 1982-2010
24
vi
Jadual
Table
Muka surat
Page
A12
Bilangan siswazah menganggur mengikut sijil tertinggi diperoleh

dan strata, Malaysia, 1982-2010
Number of unemployed graduates by highest certificate
obtained and stratum, Malaysia, 1982-2010
25
A13
Taburan peratus siswazah menganggur mengikut kumpulan

etnik, Malaysia, 1982-2010
Percentage distribution of unemployed graduates by ethnic
group, Malaysia, 1982-2010
26
A14
Bilangan siswazah menganggur mengikut kumpulan umur,

Malaysia, 1982-2010
Number of unemployed graduates by age group, Malaysia, 19822010
27
A15
Bilangan dan taburan peratus siswazah menganggur mengikut

sijil tertinggi diperoleh dan bidang pengajian terpilih, Malaysia,
2004-2009
Number and percentage distribution of unemployed graduates
by highest certificate obtained and selected field of study,
Malaysia, 2004-2009
28
A16
Bilangan dan taburan peratus siswazah menganggur mengikut

sijil tertinggi diperoleh dan bidang pengajian terpilih, Malaysia,
2010
Number and percentage distribution of unemployed graduates
by highest certificate obtained and selected field of study,
Malaysia, 2010
29
JADUAL PERANGKAAN TENAGA BURUH

TABLES OF LABOUR FORCE STATISTICS
Muka surat
Page
Jadual
Table
B1
Perangkaan utama tenaga buruh, Malaysia, 1982-2010

Principal statistics of labour force, Malaysia, 1982-2010
31
B2
Perangkaan utama tenaga buruh mengikut jantina, Malaysia,

1982-2010
Principal statistics of labour force by sex, Malaysia,1982-2010
32
B3
Perangkaan utama tenaga buruh mengikut strata, Malaysia,

1982-2010
Principal statistics of labour force by stratum, Malaysia,
1982-2010
34
vii
Jadual
Table
Muka surat
Page
B4
Taburan peratus penduduk bekerja mengikut kumpulan etnik,

Malaysia, 1982-2010
Percentage distribution of employed persons by ethnic group,
Malaysia, 1982-2010
36
B5
Bilangan penduduk bekerja mengikut kumpulan umur, Malaysia,

1982-2010
Number of employed persons by age group, Malaysia,
1982-2010
37
B6
Bilangan penduduk bekerja mengikut taraf perkahwinan,

Malaysia, 1982-2010
Number of employed persons by marital status, Malaysia,
1982-2010
38
B7
Bilangan penduduk bekerja mengikut pencapaian pendidikan,

Malaysia, 1982-2010
Number of employed persons by educational attainment,
Malaysia, 1982-2010
39
B8
Bilangan penduduk bekerja mengikut sijil tertinggi diperoleh,

Malaysia, 1982-2010
Number of employed persons by highest certificate obtained,
Malaysia, 1982-2010
40
B9
Bilangan dan taburan peratus penduduk bekerja mengikut

Number and percentage distribution of employed persons by
41
B10

42

43

44
B11
B12
viii
Jadual
Table
Muka surat
Page
B13

industri, Malaysia, 2010
industry, Malaysia, 2010
45
B14
Bilangan penganggur mengikut strata, Malaysia, 1982-2010

Number of unemployed persons by stratum, Malaysia, 1982-2010
46
B15
Taburan peratus penganggur mengikut kumpulan etnik,

Malaysia, 1982-2010
Percentage distribution of unemployed persons by ethnic group,
Malaysia, 1982-2010
47
B16
Bilangan penganggur mengikut kumpulan umur, Malaysia,

1982-2010
Number of unemployed persons by age group, Malaysia,
1982-2010
48
B17
Bilangan penganggur mengikut pencapaian pendidikan,

Malaysia, 1982-2010
Number of unemployed persons by educational attainment,
Malaysia, 1982-2010
49
Bilangan penganggur mengikut sijil tertinggi diperoleh, Malaysia,

1982-2010
Number of unemployed persons by highest certificate obtained,
Malaysia, 1982-2010
50
B18
ix
RINGKASAN PENEMUAN
SUMMARY FINDINGS
RINGKASAN PENEMUAN
SUMMARY FINDINGS
Graduates in the labour force
Tenaga buruh siswazah

Dalam
tempoh
2010,
From the period of 1982 to 2010, the
memasuki
number of graduates that entered the
pasaran buruh meningkat dari tahun ke
labour market had increased from year to
tahun kecuali
bagi 2007. Bilangan
year except for the year 2007. The
siswazah yang memasuki pasaran buruh
number of graduates that entered the
pada
orang
labour market in 1982 was only 231,800
berbanding 2.10 juta orang pada 2010.
persons as compared to 2.10 million in
Trend yang sama dapat dilihat bagi
2010. A similar trend can be observed for
guna tenaga siswazah yang meningkat
the
daripada 228,100 orang kepada 2.03
increased from 228,100 to 2.03 million in
juta orang dalam tempoh yang sama.
the same period.
Semenjak
Since
bilangan
siswazah
1982
1982
1996
yang
231,800
hingga
2010,
terendah
(1.5%)
pengangguran
dicatatkan
hingga
hanya
pengangguran
pada
1982
dicatatkan
manakala
siswazah
pada
1987
kadar
1982
graduates
to
2010,
which
the
lowest
had
of
unemployment rate was recorded in 1996
kadar
(1.5%)
tertinggi
(5.0%)
employed
while
the
highest
rate
of
unemployed graduates was recorded in
iaitu
1987
(5.0%)
caused
by
the
current
semasa kejatuhan ekonomi. Kesan yang
economic downturn. The same effect can
sama
be
juga
peningkatan
siswazah
boleh
dilihat
kadar
mulai
bagaimanapun,
oleh
pengangguran
1998.
mulai
2005,
seen
by
the
increase
in
the
unemployment rate of graduates from
Walau
1998.
kadar
unemployment
pengangguran siswazah menunjukkan
However,
since
rate
of
2005,
graduates
declined from 3.8% to 3.1% in 2010.
penurunan daripada 3.8% kepada 3.1%

pada 2010.
the
Carta 1: Perangkaan utama tenaga buruh siswazah, Malaysia, 19822010

Chart 1: Principal statistics of graduates in the labour force, Malaysia, 19822010
Siswazah
menganggur
mengikut
Unemployed
sijil
certificate
tertinggi diperoleh
Dalam
tempoh
highest
obtained
From the period of 1982 to 1997, the
bilangan siswazah menganggur yang
number of unemployed degree holders
memiliki
2,700
was between 2,700 to 8,200 persons.
hingga 8,200 orang. Namun begitu,
However, since 1998 the number has
mulai 1998 bilangannya menunjukkan
shown a significant increase between
peningkatan yang ketara antara 12,000
12,000 to 33,800 persons.
adalah
hingga
by
1997,
ijazah
1982
graduates
antara
hingga 33,800 orang.

Trend yang sama juga berlaku kepada
A similar trend was also experienced by
siswazah yang memiliki diploma dengan
diploma holders which recorded the
mencatatkan
penganggur
number of unemployed between 1,000
antara 1,000 hingga 6,900 orang dalam
up to 6,900 persons from the period of
tempoh
1997.
1982 to 1997. However, the number of
Bagaimanapun, bilangan penganggur
unemployed diploma holders increased
lulusan
drastically from 1998 to 2004 between
bilangan
1982
diploma
hingga
meningkat
secara
drastik mulai 1998 hingga 2004 dengan
12,100 up to 41,200 persons. However
catatan antara 12,100 hingga 41,200
during the period of 2006 to 2010, the
orang. Namun, dalam tempoh 2006 ke
differences in the total of unemployed in
2010, perbezaan bilangan penganggur
both qualifications had narrowed.
bagi
kedua-dua
kelulusan
adalah
semakin mengecil.
Sebelum tahun 1996, didapati lebih
Before 1996, the number of unemployed
ramai lulusan ijazah yang menganggur
degree holders was higher than diploma
berbanding lulusan diploma kecuali bagi
holders except for the period of 1988
tempoh
1990. On the contrary, beginning from
19881990. Sebaliknya, mulai
1996 hingga 2010 lebih ramai pemegang
1996
diploma
unemployed diploma holders except in
yang
menganggur
kecuali
pada 2001, 2007, 2008 dan 2010.
to
2010,
there
were
more
2001, 2007, 2008 and 2010.
Carta 2: Bilangan siswazah menganggur mengikut sijil tertinggi diperoleh, Malaysia,

19822010
Chart 2: Number of unemployed graduates by highest certificate obtained, Malaysia, 19822010
Siswazah menganggur mengikut jantina
Unemployed graduates by sex
Pada
yang
In
tinggi
graduates was higher in comparison to
Walau
females. However since 1999, there were
didapati
more unemployed female graduates as
1980-an,
siswazah
lelaki
menganggur
adalah
berbanding
perempuan.
bagaimanapun,
lebih
ramai
mulai
siswazah
lebih
1999
perempuan
the
1980s,
unemployed
male
compared with males, except in 2005.
menganggur berbanding lelaki kecuali

pada 2005.
Carta 3: Bilangan siswazah menganggur mengikut jantina, Malaysia, 19822010
Chart 3: Number of unemployed graduates by sex, Malaysia, 19822010
Siswazah menganggur mengikut strata
Unemployed graduates by stratum
Dalam
2010,
During 1992 to 2010, the number of
yang
unemployed graduates in urban areas
tempoh
didapati
bilangan
menganggur
meningkat
1992
hingga
siswazah
di
kawasan
bandar
increased significantly, with a widening
dengan
ketara.
Jurang
unemployment gap between the urban
pengangguran
antara
siswazah
di
and rural areas since 1997. This shows that
bandar dan luar bandar semakin besar
the competition to enter the labour
mulai 1997. Ini bermakna persaingan
market in urban is higher than in rural
untuk mendapat tempat dalam pasaran
areas.
buruh di kawasan bandar adalah lebih

besar berbanding luar bandar.
Carta 4: Bilangan siswazah menganggur mengikut strata, Malaysia, 19822010
Chart 4: Number of unemployed graduates by stratum, Malaysia, 19822010
Siswazah menganggur mengikut bidang
Unemployed graduates by selected field
pengajian terpilih
of
Pada tahun 2010, majoriti siswazah yang
In
menganggur adalah lulusan Sains sosial,
unemployed graduates were in Social
perniagaan dan undang-undang diikuti
sciences, business and law followed by
dengan
Engineering,
bidang
Kejuruteraan,
pembuatan dan binaan.
study
the
year
2010,
the
majority
manufacturing
of
and
construction.
Carta 5: Taburan peratus siswazah menganggur mengikut bidang pengajian terpilih,

Malaysia, 2010
Chart 5: Percentage distribution of unemployed graduates by selected field of study, Malaysia,
2010
JADUAL UTAMA
MAIN TABLES
Jadual A1a Perangkaan utama tenaga buruh siswazah, Malaysia, 19822010

Principal statistics of graduates in the labour force, Malaysia, 19822010
Table A1a
Jumlah
Total
Umur bekerja
Working age
Tenaga buruh
Labour force
Bekerja
Employed
Penganggur
Unemployed
Luar tenaga buruh

Outside labour force
Kadar penyertaan
tenaga buruh
Labour force
participation rate
Kadar pengangguran
Unemployment rate
(%)
Tahun
Year
Bilangan/Number ('000)
1982
245.1
231.8
228.1
3.7
13.3
94.6
1.6
1983
238.6
227.4
221.9
5.5
11.3
95.3
2.4
1984
272.9
257.5
249.5
8.1
15.4
94.4
3.1
1985
298.5
281.8
271.0
10.8
16.7
94.4
3.8
1986
324.0
304.7
291.8
12.9
19.3
94.0
4.2
1987
341.7
320.2
304.1
16.1
21.5
93.7
5.0
1988
353.0
326.1
313.4
12.8
26.9
92.4
3.9
1989
378.6
352.6
337.3
15.4
26.0
93.1
4.4
1990
422.5
391.6
382.5
9.1
31.0
92.7
2.3
1992
499.5
461.9
453.2
8.7
37.6
92.5
1.9
1993
519.5
480.6
471.2
9.4
38.9
92.5
2.0
1995
628.4
572.8
563.1
9.7
55.6
91.2
1.7
1996
761.5
689.9
679.7
10.3
71.5
90.6
1.5
1997
852.9
771.6
759.3
12.3
81.3
90.5
1.6
1998
914.1
829.5
805.4
24.1
84.6
90.7
2.9
1999
1,010.6
884.1
853.6
30.5
126.5
87.5
3.5
2000
1,174.3
1,039.2
1,006.4
32.8
135.1
88.5
3.2
2001
1,279.4
1,135.2
1,098.3
36.8
144.2
88.7
3.2
2002
1,510.1
1,299.7
1,252.2
47.6
210.3
86.1
3.7
2003
1,661.2
1,429.0
1,372.2
56.8
232.2
86.0
4.0
2004
1,792.2
1,543.0
1,479.0
64.0
249.2
86.1
4.1
2005
1,898.5
1,637.2
1,574.3
63.0
261.3
86.2
3.8
2006
1,990.1
1,702.0
1,636.4
65.7
288.1
85.5
3.9
2007
1,819.9
1,581.6
1,528.2
53.5
238.3
86.9
3.4
2008
1,985.4
1,714.4
1,660.3
54.1
271.0
86.4
3.2
2009
2,279.8
1,975.6
1,912.5
63.0
304.3
86.7
3.2
2010
2,434.4
2,096.1
2,030.6
65.5
338.3
86.1
3.1
Jadual A1b
Table A1b
Perangkaan utama tenaga buruh siswazah (ijazah), Malaysia, 19822010

Principal statistics of graduates (degree) in the labour force, Malaysia, 19822010
Ijazah
Degree
(%)
Tahun
Year
Umur bekerja
Working age
Tenaga buruh
Labour force
Bekerja
Employed
Penganggur
Unemployed
Luar tenaga buruh

Kadar penyertaan
tenaga buruh
Labour force
participation rate
Kadar pengangguran
Unemployment rate
1982
99.0
93.8
91.1
2.7
5.1
94.8
2.9
1983
95.4
90.2
86.6
3.6
5.2
94.6
4.0
1984
121.5
114.4
109.7
4.8
7.1
94.2
4.2
1985
133.6
126.6
120.2
6.4
7.0
94.7
5.0
1986
144.0
136.0
128.7
7.3
8.0
94.5
5.4
1987
156.7
147.2
139.1
8.2
9.5
94.0
5.5
1988
164.2
152.4
146.0
6.4
11.8
92.8
4.2
1989
167.8
155.9
148.8
7.1
11.9
92.9
4.5
1990
181.5
169.3
165.8
3.6
12.1
93.3
2.1
1992
230.3
215.0
210.2
4.8
15.3
93.4
2.2
1993
253.3
232.3
227.0
5.3
21.0
91.7
2.3
1995
283.5
262.4
256.7
5.7
21.0
92.6
2.2
1996
344.5
315.1
310.6
4.5
29.4
91.5
1.4
1997
378.5
347.1
341.7
5.4
31.4
91.7
1.6
1998
411.1
382.5
370.5
12.0
28.6
93.1
3.1
1999
467.3
420.4
407.4
13.1
46.9
90.0
3.1
2000
529.0
486.2
471.3
14.9
42.8
91.9
3.1
2001
606.7
552.8
533.9
18.9
53.9
91.1
3.4
2002
704.4
625.4
603.2
22.2
78.9
88.8
3.5
2003
755.6
681.2
655.2
26.0
74.4
90.2
3.8
2004
821.3
733.8
711.1
22.7
87.4
89.3
3.1
2005
852.2
758.8
733.5
25.3
93.4
89.0
3.3
2006
945.5
836.4
805.3
31.1
109.1
88.5
3.7
2007
911.0
812.8
784.9
27.9
98.2
89.2
3.4
2008
1,015.8
901.8
874.1
27.7
114.0
88.8
3.1
2009
1,163.1
1,034.6
1,003.8
30.9
128.5
89.0
3.0
2010
1,285.9
1,149.7
1,115.9
33.8
136.2
89.4
2.9
Jadual A1c
Table A1c
Perangkaan utama tenaga buruh siswazah (diploma), Malaysia, 19822010

Principal statistics of graduates (diploma) in the labour force, Malaysia, 19822010
Umur bekerja
Working age
Tenaga buruh
Labour force
Bekerja
Employed
Penganggur
Unemployed
Luar tenaga buruh

Kadar penyertaan
tenaga buruh
Labour force
participation rate
Kadar pengangguran
Unemployment rate
(%)
Tahun
Year
Diploma
1982
146.2
138.0
137.0
1.0
8.1
94.4
0.7
1983
143.2
137.1
135.3
1.8
6.1
95.8
1.3
1984
151.4
143.1
139.8
3.3
8.3
94.5
2.3
1985
164.9
155.2
150.8
4.4
9.7
94.1
2.8
1986
180.0
168.7
163.1
5.5
11.3
93.7
3.3
1987
185.0
173.0
165.0
8.0
12.0
93.5
4.6
1988
188.8
173.7
167.3
6.4
15.1
92.0
3.7
1989
210.8
196.7
188.4
8.3
14.1
93.3
4.2
1990
241.1
222.2
216.8
5.5
18.8
92.2
2.5
1992
269.1
246.8
242.9
3.9
22.3
91.7
1.6
1993
266.1
248.2
244.1
4.1
17.9
93.3
1.6
1995
344.9
310.4
306.4
4.0
34.5
90.0
1.3
1996
417.0
374.9
369.1
5.7
42.1
89.9
1.5
1997
474.4
424.5
417.6
6.9
49.9
89.5
1.6
1998
503.0
447.0
434.9
12.1
56.1
88.9
2.7
1999
543.3
463.7
446.2
17.5
79.6
85.3
3.8
2000
645.3
553.0
535.1
17.9
92.3
85.7
3.2
2001
672.7
582.3
564.5
17.9
90.3
86.6
3.1
2002
805.7
674.3
648.9
25.4
131.4
83.7
3.8
2003
905.6
747.8
717.0
30.8
157.8
82.6
4.1
2004
971.0
809.1
767.9
41.2
161.8
83.3
5.1
2005
1,046.3
878.4
840.7
37.7
167.9
84.0
4.3
2006
1,044.6
865.6
831.0
34.6
179.0
82.9
4.0
2007
908.9
768.8
743.3
25.6
140.1
84.6
3.3
2008
969.6
812.6
786.1
26.4
157.0
83.8
3.3
2009
1,116.7
940.9
908.8
32.2
175.8
84.3
3.4
2010
1,148.5
946.4
914.7
31.7
202.1
82.4
3.3
Jadual A2 Bilangan siswazah bekerja mengikut sijil tertinggi diperoleh dan jantina, Malaysia, 19822010
Table A2
Number of employed graduates by highest certificate obtained and sex, Malaysia, 19822010
Jumlah
Total
Tahun
Year
Jumlah
Total
Ijazah
Degree
Lelaki Perempuan
Male
Female
Jumlah
Total
Diploma
Lelaki Perempuan
Male
Female
Jumlah
Total
Lelaki Perempuan
Male
Female
1982
228.1
155.6
72.5
91.1
72.5
18.6
137.0
83.1
53.9
1983
221.9
151.5
70.4
86.6
65.7
20.9
135.3
85.8
49.5
1984
249.5
167.2
82.3
109.7
84.0
25.6
139.8
83.1
56.7
1985
271.0
181.4
89.6
120.2
91.7
28.5
150.8
89.7
61.1
1986
291.8
195.1
96.8
128.7
98.5
30.2
163.1
96.6
66.5
1987
304.1
194.1
110.0
139.1
101.7
37.3
165.0
92.4
72.6
1988
313.4
205.2
108.2
146.0
109.4
36.7
167.3
95.8
71.5
1989
337.3
213.4
123.9
148.8
103.5
45.3
188.4
109.9
78.5
1990
382.5
235.3
147.2
165.8
114.8
51.0
216.8
120.5
96.2
1992
453.2
285.0
168.1
210.2
145.7
64.5
242.9
139.3
103.6
1993
471.2
304.0
167.2
227.0
164.1
63.0
244.1
139.9
104.2
1995
563.1
353.1
210.0
256.7
176.2
80.5
306.4
176.9
129.5
1996
679.7
421.4
258.3
310.6
213.7
96.8
369.1
207.7
161.5
1997
759.3
467.9
291.4
341.7
231.0
110.7
417.6
236.9
180.7
1998
805.4
488.8
316.6
370.5
245.4
125.1
434.9
243.3
191.5
1999
853.6
514.1
339.5
407.4
270.1
137.3
446.2
244.0
202.2
2000
1,006.4
589.2
417.2
471.3
300.9
170.4
535.1
288.3
246.8
2001
1,098.3
643.0
455.3
533.9
335.9
198.0
564.5
307.1
257.3
2002
1,252.2
728.4
523.8
603.2
378.9
224.3
648.9
349.5
299.5
2003
1,372.2
778.2
594.0
655.2
391.8
263.4
717.0
386.4
330.6
2004
1,479.0
816.4
662.7
711.1
413.6
297.5
767.9
402.7
365.2
2005
1,574.3
871.3
702.9
733.5
421.1
312.4
840.7
450.2
390.5
2006
1,636.4
900.0
736.4
805.3
457.3
348.0
831.0
442.7
388.4
2007
1,528.2
808.9
719.2
784.9
428.2
356.7
743.3
380.7
362.6
2008
1,660.3
865.4
794.9
874.1
470.9
403.3
786.1
394.5
391.6
2009
1,912.5 1,006.7
905.8
1,003.8
540.2
463.6
908.8
466.5
442.3
2010
2,030.6 1,065.5
965.1
1,115.9
590.6
525.3
914.7
474.9
439.8
10
Jadual A3 Bilangan siswazah bekerja mengikut sijil tertinggi diperoleh dan strata, Malaysia, 19822010
Number of employed graduates by highest certificate obtained and stratum, Malaysia, 19822010
Table A3
Tahun
Year
Jumlah
Ijazah
Degree
Total
Diploma
Jumlah
Bandar
Luar
bandar
Jumlah
Bandar
Luar
bandar
Jumlah
Bandar
Luar
bandar
Total
Urban
Rural
Total
Urban
Rural
Total
Urban
Rural
1982
228.1
135.6
92.6
91.1
66.0
25.1
137.0
69.6
67.5
1983
221.9
131.9
90.0
86.6
62.6
24.1
135.3
69.4
65.9
1984
249.5
138.2
111.0
109.7
74.5
35.1
139.8
63.7
75.8
1985
271.0
153.5
117.4
120.2
82.2
38.0
150.8
71.2
79.5
1986
291.8
159.0
132.4
128.7
86.8
41.9
163.1
72.2
90.5
1987
304.1
164.6
139.5
139.1
87.7
51.4
165.0
76.9
88.2
1988
313.4
164.9
148.4
146.0
89.9
56.1
167.3
75.0
92.3
1989
337.3
179.1
158.2
148.8
93.2
55.7
188.4
85.9
102.5
1990
382.5
195.0
187.6
165.8
102.6
63.1
216.8
92.3
124.4
1992
453.2
361.0
92.1
210.2
183.9
26.4
242.9
177.2
65.8
1993
471.2
361.1
110.1
227.0
193.6
33.4
244.1
167.4
76.7
1995
563.1
439.6
123.5
256.7
219.8
36.9
306.4
219.8
86.6
1996
679.7
514.2
165.5
310.6
258.0
52.5
369.1
256.2
113.0
1997
759.3
585.1
174.2
341.7
285.4
56.3
417.6
299.7
117.9
1998
805.4
601.8
203.6
370.5
302.0
68.5
434.9
299.8
135.1
1999
853.6
653.7
199.9
407.4
335.6
71.7
446.2
318.0
128.2
2000
1,006.4
721.6
284.8
471.3
361.4
109.9
535.1
360.2
174.9
2001
1,098.3
945.1
153.2
533.9
479.1
54.7
564.5
466.0
98.5
2002
1,252.2
1,084.0
168.2
603.2
543.0
60.3
648.9
541.0
107.9
2003
1,372.2
1,158.6
213.6
655.2
578.9
76.3
717.0
579.7
137.3
2004
1,479.0
1,247.5
231.6
711.1
631.2
79.9
767.9
616.3
151.6
2005
1,574.3
1,342.3
231.9
733.5
655.2
78.3
840.7
687.1
153.6
2006
1,636.4
1,383.0
253.4
805.3
716.5
88.8
831.0
666.5
164.5
2007
1,528.2
1,284.3
243.9
784.9
672.5
112.4
743.3
611.8
131.5
2008
1,660.3
1,394.9
265.4
874.1
754.9
119.3
786.1
640.0
146.1
2009
1,912.5
1,599.9
312.6
1,003.8
860.7
143.0
908.8
739.2
169.6
2010
2,030.6
1,696.2
334.4
1,115.9
952.1
163.8
914.7
744.2
170.5
11
Jadual A4 Taburan peratus siswazah bekerja mengikut kumpulan etnik, Malaysia, 19822010
Percentage distribution of employed graduates by ethnic group, Malaysia, 19822010
Table A4
Warganegara Malaysia
Malaysian citizens
Tahun
Year
1982
Jumlah
Total
(%)
Jumlah
Total
Bumiputera
Cina
Chinese
India
Indians
Lain-lain
Others
Bukan
warganegara
Malaysia
NonMalaysian
citizens
100.0
96.9
50.1
36.5
7.6
2.7
3.1
1983
100.0
96.8
51.7
35.0
7.1
3.0
3.2
1984
100.0
95.6
52.4
34.8
7.0
1.4
4.4
1985
100.0
96.0
52.6
34.9
7.0
1.6
4.0
1986
100.0
96.2
54.7
33.0
7.3
1.1
3.8
1987
100.0
96.9
55.9
32.9
7.1
1.0
3.2
1988
100.0
96.6
56.9
33.0
6.0
0.6
3.5
1989
100.0
97.1
57.2
31.6
7.0
1.4
2.9
1990
100.0
97.4
57.2
32.7
6.6
1.0
2.6
1992
100.0
96.5
57.0
32.3
6.4
0.8
3.5
1993
100.0
95.1
59.7
28.5
5.5
1.4
4.9
1995
100.0
95.6
56.6
31.0
6.2
1.9
4.5
1996
100.0
93.6
55.5
30.0
6.6
1.6
6.4
1997
100.0
93.2
53.8
31.5
6.5
1.4
6.8
1998
100.0
93.7
54.5
31.0
6.4
1.8
6.3
1999
100.0
92.9
54.1
31.1
6.3
1.4
7.1
2000
100.0
96.1
57.3
31.8
6.6
0.4
3.9
2001
100.0
96.9
56.0
33.9
6.7
0.3
3.2
2002
100.0
95.9
54.6
33.8
7.0
0.5
4.1
2003
100.0
96.5
57.0
32.2
6.9
0.4
3.6
2004
100.0
96.6
57.0
32.0
7.1
0.5
3.4
2005
100.0
97.3
58.8
30.5
7.5
0.5
2.7
2006
100.0
97.1
58.7
30.7
7.4
0.3
3.0
2007
100.0
97.6
59.7
30.8
6.8
0.4
2.4
2008
100.0
97.9
60.0
30.4
7.1
0.4
2.1
2009
100.0
97.3
59.4
29.8
7.8
0.3
2.7
2010
100.0
97.8
62.2
27.9
7.2
0.5
2.3
12
Jadual A5
Bilangan siswazah bekerja mengikut kumpulan umur, Malaysia, 19822010
Table A5
Number of employed graduates by age group, Malaysia, 19822010
Jumlah
Total
Bawah 20
tahun
Below 20
years
20-24
25-29
30-34
35 tahun dan
lebih
35 years and
over
1982
228.1
0.3
33.4
63.5
42.8
88.2
1983
221.9
0.1
30.8
64.8
42.5
83.7
1984
249.5
0.1
23.8
74.0
52.0
99.6
1985
271.0
0.1
27.7
79.9
59.6
103.7
1986
291.8
0.2
26.8
80.7
69.3
115.0
1987
304.1
0.4
29.3
78.4
75.2
120.8
1988
313.4
30.0
86.0
74.9
122.5
1989
337.3
0.3
38.5
87.0
76.7
134.8
1990
382.5
0.2
43.2
105.8
82.8
150.5
1992
453.2
0.3
45.9
126.1
94.1
186.7
1993
471.2
0.7
41.8
135.6
101.3
191.8
1995
563.1
1.1
66.8
145.2
123.9
226.1
1996
679.7
1.6
79.4
164.6
150.8
283.2
1997
759.3
1.7
91.9
194.0
162.6
309.1
1998
805.4
1.4
97.8
199.5
169.3
337.4
1999
853.6
1.3
106.7
214.1
172.4
359.0
2000
1,006.4
2.0
129.5
245.3
215.9
413.8
2001
1,098.3
2.5
151.9
263.1
219.8
461.0
2002
1,252.2
3.9
193.6
311.7
234.0
509.1
2003
1,372.2
3.4
202.8
328.9
259.2
578.0
2004
1,479.0
4.2
196.5
365.6
280.6
632.1
2005
1,574.3
2.7
219.5
403.2
306.7
642.1
2006
1,636.4
3.0
216.8
411.5
304.5
700.5
2007
1,528.2
1.2
174.6
426.1
279.0
647.3
2008
1,660.3
1.1
193.9
447.6
313.3
704.4
2009
1,912.5
1.3
198.3
502.7
376.6
833.6
2010
2,030.6
0.7
197.9
523.3
413.6
895.2
Tahun
Year
13
Jadual A6a
Bilangan dan taburan peratus siswazah bekerja mengikut pekerjaan, Malaysia, 19822000
Table A6a
Number and percentage distribution of employed graduates by occupation, Malaysia, 19822000
Jumlah/Total
Tahun
Year
1982
Jumlah
Total
('000)
(%)
1983
Kategori pekerjaan/Category of occupation 1

1
228.1
172.9
30.9
12.0
4.1
1.8
2.5
3.9
100.0
75.8
13.5
5.3
1.8
0.8
1.1
221.9
165.6
33.0
11.6
4.8
1.2
1.9
1.7
0.6
0.9
1.7
3.8
100.0
74.6
14.9
5.2
2.1
249.5
180.8
37.0
14.6
7.5
2.4
3.4
100.0
72.5
14.8
5.9
3.0
1.0
1.3
271.0
197.7
42.0
15.6
7.3
2.5
2.5
1.5
100.0
73.0
15.5
5.8
2.7
0.9
0.9
291.8
207.4
47.6
15.9
8.8
2.3
4.0
1.2
100.0
71.1
16.3
5.4
3.0
0.8
1.4
304.1
213.2
44.6
23.1
9.9
3.9
3.2
2.0
100.0
70.1
14.7
7.6
3.3
1.3
1.1
313.4
221.5
45.7
21.4
9.8
2.7
3.8
2.1
100.0
70.7
14.6
6.8
3.1
0.9
1.2
2.7
1989
337.3
231.3
46.1
29.2
11.2
4.5
100.0
68.6
13.7
8.6
3.3
1.3
1.6
2.8
1990
382.5
265.5
49.9
34.3
13.8
5.7
3.1
10.2
100.0
69.4
13.1
9.0
3.6
1.5
0.8
1992
453.2
287.2
73.8
41.5
17.8
7.7
4.8
100.0
63.4
16.3
9.2
3.9
1.7
1.1
1993
471.2
285.6
87.5
46.0
19.6
5.9
3.5
100.0
60.6
18.6
9.8
4.2
1.3
0.7
1995
563.1
334.5
95.4
56.9
30.2
11.7
3.9
100.0
59.4
16.9
10.1
5.4
2.1
0.7
1996
679.7
411.2
125.3
64.6
33.8
12.3
4.3
100.0
60.5
18.4
9.5
5.0
1.8
0.6
1997
759.3
447.3
152.6
69.7
36.5
15.0
4.6
100.0
58.9
20.1
9.2
4.8
2.0
0.6
1998
805.4
476.0
163.9
76.5
36.7
16.6
6.4
100.0
59.1
20.3
9.5
4.6
2.1
0.8
1999
853.6
476.6
169.7
92.4
49.0
15.0
5.9
100.0
55.8
19.9
10.8
5.7
1.8
0.7
5.3
2000
1,006.4
573.9
195.4
105.8
57.6
19.1
6.4
48.1
100.0
57.0
19.4
10.5
5.7
1.9
0.6
4.8
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
5.5
Nota/Note :
1
Pekerjaan dikelaskan mengikut "Kamus Pengelasan Pekerjaan, 1980". Kategori pekerjaan adalah seperti berikut:
Occupation is classified according to the "Dictionary of Occupational Classification, 1980 ". Category of occupation are as follows:
1
Pekerja profesional, teknik dan yang berkaitan

Professional, technical and related workers
Pekerja pentadbiran dan pengurusan

Administrative and managerial workers
Pekerja perkeranian dan yang berkaitan

Clerical and related workers
Pekerja jualan
Sales workers
Pekerja perkhidmatan
Service workers
Pekerja pertanian, penternakan dan perhutanan, nelayan dan pemburu

Agricultural, animal husbandry and forestry workers, fishermen and hunters
Pekerja pengeluaran dan yang berkaitan, operator peralatan pengangkutan dan buruh
Production and related workers, transport equipment operators and labourers
14
3.7
3.3
5.9
6.3
8.5
9.6
2.7
20.4
4.5
23.1
4.9
30.4
5.4
28.3
4.2
33.7
4.4
29.2
3.6
45.0
Jadual A6b
Bilangan dan taburan peratus siswazah (ijazah) bekerja mengikut pekerjaan, Malaysia, 19822000
Table A6b
Number and percentage distribution of employed graduates (degree) by occupation, Malaysia,

19822000
Ijazah/Degree
Tahun
Year
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1992
1993
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
Jumlah
Total
('000)
(%)
91.1
56.1
23.8
5.5
2.6
0.7
1.1
1.4
100.0
61.6
26.1
6.0
2.9
0.7
1.2
1.5
86.6
52.4
25.0
4.9
2.8
100.0
60.5
28.9
5.7
3.3
109.7
67.7
27.3
5.8
4.5
1.2
1.4
1.7
100.0
61.8
24.9
5.3
4.1
1.1
1.3
1.5
120.2
75.5
30.7
6.3
4.1
1.2
1.1
1.2
100.0
62.8
25.5
5.2
3.4
1.0
0.9
1.0
128.7
76.7
35.9
6.1
5.8
1.0
1.2
1.9
100.0
59.6
27.9
4.8
4.5
0.8
1.0
1.5
139.1
85.0
33.3
9.8
5.8
1.6
1.4
2.2
100.0
61.1
23.9
7.1
4.2
1.2
1.0
1.5
146.0
91.1
35.4
8.1
5.7
1.3
1.6
2.9
100.0
62.4
24.2
5.5
3.9
0.9
1.1
2.0
148.8
90.2
35.4
11.1
6.1
1.3
2.2
2.5
100.0
60.6
23.8
7.5
4.1
0.9
1.5
1.7
165.8
100.6
38.9
13.0
7.4
2.3
1.6
1.9
100.0
60.7
23.5
7.9
4.5
1.4
1.0
1.1
210.2
126.9
51.9
12.9
8.8
2.8
2.1
4.8
100.0
60.4
24.7
6.1
4.2
1.3
1.0
2.3
227.0
129.7
61.5
17.7
8.4
1.2
1.7
6.9
100.0
57.1
27.1
7.8
3.7
0.5
0.7
3.0
256.7
150.3
61.4
15.9
15.3
3.7
1.5
8.6
100.0
58.6
23.9
6.2
6.0
1.4
0.6
3.3
310.6
183.2
83.4
18.0
15.5
2.8
1.7
6.0
100.0
59.0
26.9
5.8
5.0
0.9
0.5
1.9
341.7
197.7
96.6
17.1
17.6
4.2
1.5
7.0
100.0
57.9
28.3
5.0
5.2
1.2
0.4
2.0
370.5
216.1
101.4
22.4
16.8
4.7
2.9
6.2
100.0
58.3
27.4
6.0
4.5
1.3
0.8
1.7
407.4
228.5
110.4
27.7
23.6
4.0
2.5
100.0
56.1
27.1
6.8
5.8
1.0
0.6
471.3
271.4
123.6
33.2
26.9
5.7
2.8
7.7
100.0
57.6
26.2
7.1
5.7
1.2
0.6
1.6
0.1
0.1
0.4
1.0
0.5
1.1
10.6
Nota/Note:
1
Occupation is classified according to the "Dictionary of Occupational Classification, 1980" . Category of occupation are as follows:
1



Pekerja jualan
Sales workers
Service workers
6

15
2.6
Jadual A6c
Table A6c
Bilangan dan taburan peratus siswazah (diploma) bekerja mengikut pekerjaan, Malaysia,
19822000
Number and percentage distribution of employed graduates (diploma) by occupation,
Malaysia, 19822000
Diploma
Tahun
Year
Jumlah
Total

1
137.0
116.8
7.1
6.6
1.4
1.1
1.4
2.6
100.0
85.3
5.2
4.8
1.1
0.8
1.0
1.9
135.3
113.2
8.0
6.7
1.9
1.2
1.5
2.8
100.0
83.7
5.9
4.9
1.4
0.9
1.1
2.1
139.8
113.1
9.7
8.9
3.0
1.3
2.0
2.0
100.0
6.9
6.3
2.1
0.9
1.4
1.4
150.8
80.9
122.2
11.3
9.3
3.2
1.3
100.0
81.0
7.5
6.2
2.1
0.9
163.1
130.7
11.7
9.7
3.0
1.2
2.8
4.0
100.0
80.1
7.2
6.0
1.8
0.7
1.7
2.5
165.0
128.2
11.3
13.2
4.0
2.3
1.9
4.1
100.0
77.7
6.9
8.0
2.5
1.4
1.1
2.5
167.3
130.4
10.3
13.4
4.1
1.4
2.2
5.6
100.0
77.9
6.2
8.0
2.4
0.8
1.3
3.4
188.4
141.1
10.6
18.0
5.1
3.2
3.2
7.1
100.0
74.9
5.6
9.6
2.7
1.7
1.7
3.8
216.8
164.9
11.0
21.3
6.4
3.4
1.4
8.3
100.0
76.1
5.1
9.8
3.0
1.6
0.7
3.8
242.9
160.3
21.8
28.6
9.0
4.9
2.7
15.6
100.0
66.0
9.0
11.8
3.7
2.0
1.1
6.4
1993
244.1
155.9
26.0
28.3
11.2
4.7
1.8
16.2
100.0
63.9
10.7
11.6
4.6
1.9
0.7
6.7
1995
306.4
184.2
34.0
41.0
14.8
8.1
2.4
21.8
100.0
60.1
11.1
13.4
4.8
2.6
0.8
7.1
1996
369.1
228.0
41.9
46.6
18.2
9.5
2.6
22.3
100.0
61.8
11.3
12.6
4.9
2.6
0.7
6.1
1997
417.6
249.6
56.0
52.6
18.9
10.8
3.1
26.7
100.0
59.8
13.4
12.6
4.5
2.6
0.7
6.4
1998
434.9
259.9
62.5
54.2
19.9
11.8
3.5
23.0
100.0
59.8
14.4
12.5
4.6
2.7
0.8
5.3
1999
446.2
248.2
59.3
64.7
25.5
10.9
3.3
34.4
100.0
55.6
13.3
14.5
5.7
2.4
0.7
7.7
2000
535.1
302.6
71.9
72.6
30.7
13.5
3.5
40.4
100.0
56.5
13.4
13.6
5.7
2.5
0.7
7.6
1982
('000)
(%)
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1992
1.4
2.2
0.9
1.4
Nota/Note:
1
1



Pekerja jualan
Sales workers
Service workers

16
Jadual A7
Table A7
Bilangan dan taburan peratus siswazah bekerja mengikut sijil tertinggi diperoleh dan pekerjaan, Malaysia,
20012010
Number and percentage distribution of employed graduates by highest certificate obtained and occupation,
Malaysia, 20012010
Tahun
Year
Jumlah
Total

1
Jumlah/Total
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
('000)
(%)
1,098.3
239.7
374.9
343.8
77.6
28.3
2.3
16.3
10.9
4.7
100.0
21.8
34.1
31.3
7.1
2.6
0.2
1.5
1.0
0.4
285.6
403.8
372.3
105.6
40.6
3.9
17.3
14.3
8.7
22.8
32.2
29.7
8.4
3.2
0.3
1.4
1.1
0.7
293.3
441.4
408.7
122.7
48.0
4.7
26.1
20.0
7.4
21.4
32.2
29.8
8.9
3.5
0.3
1.9
1.5
0.5
324.5
475.6
440.3
127.3
55.4
7.3
21.5
19.1
8.0
21.9
32.2
29.8
8.6
3.7
0.5
1.5
1.3
0.5
322.5
477.7
487.5
155.9
60.8
5.4
31.0
23.3
10.0
20.5
30.3
31.0
9.9
3.9
0.3
2.0
1.5
0.6
490.9
512.7
149.0
62.7
8.9
36.0
26.6
10.3
0.6
1,252.2
100.0
1,372.2
100.0
1,479.0
100.0
1,574.3
100.0
2006
1,636.4
339.2
2007
1,528.2
20.7
30.0
31.3
9.1
3.8
0.5
2.2
1.6
295.6
495.5
486.1
141.8
60.1
6.1
20.7
15.3
6.9
19.3
32.4
31.8
9.3
3.9
0.4
1.4
1.0
0.5
309.2
515.1
547.4
169.7
67.4
8.0
19.1
12.3
12.1
1,912.5
18.6
31.0
33.0
10.2
4.1
0.5
1.2
0.7
0.7
357.7
606.7
622.1
179.5
86.4
9.9
25.4
16.1
8.8
100.0
2,030.6
18.7
31.7
32.5
9.4
4.5
0.5
1.3
0.8
0.5
376.4
622.7
684.0
199.8
80.2
9.3
31.0
14.9
12.2
533.9
152.4
274.1
75.8
17.9
6.2
1.1
2.4
2.2
1.8
28.5
51.3
14.2
3.4
1.2
0.2
0.4
0.4
0.3
185.7
194.4
79.2
19.3
14.4
1.1
2.6
4.0
2.6
30.8
48.8
13.1
3.2
2.4
0.2
0.4
0.7
0.4
177.6
332.5
92.0
28.2
14.4
1.1
2.5
4.5
2.4
27.1
50.8
14.0
4.3
2.2
0.2
0.4
0.7
0.4
201.8
361.3
98.1
25.7
13.8
2.2
2.8
3.8
1.6
28.4
50.8
13.8
3.6
1.9
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.1
197.4
357.8
119.3
34.6
15.7
1.1
3.1
3.0
1.5
26.9
48.8
16.3
4.7
2.1
0.2
0.4
0.4
0.2
221.6
376.1
139.7
36.6
17.8
2.7
4.4
3.7
2.6
27.5
46.7
17.3
4.5
2.2
0.3
0.6
0.5
0.3
189.2
375.1
151.4
37.5
19.0
2.1
4.3
3.8
2.5
24.1
47.8
19.3
4.8
2.4
0.3
0.5
0.5
0.3
204.5
406.0
183.3
46.3
21.6
2.7
3.1
1.8
4.9
23.4
46.5
21.0
5.3
2.5
0.3
0.4
0.2
0.6
231.7
480.7
209.2
47.6
23.3
2.6
3.3
3.3
1.9
1,115.9
23.1
47.9
20.8
4.7
2.3
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.2
252.7
512.8
257.3
52.1
26.2
3.1
5.8
3.5
2.5
100.0
22.7
46.0
23.1
4.7
2.4
0.3
0.5
0.3
0.2
564.5
87.2
100.8
268.0
59.6
22.0
1.2
13.9
8.7
2.8
100.0
15.5
17.9
47.5
10.6
3.9
0.2
2.5
1.5
0.5
2008
2009
2010
100.0
100.0
1,660.3
100.0
100.0
Ijazah/Degree
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
Diploma
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
100.0
603.2
100.0
655.2
100.0
711.1
100.0
733.5
100.0
805.3
100.0
784.9
100.0
874.1
100.0
1,003.8
100.0
18.5
30.7
33.7
9.8
4.0
0.5
1.5
0.6
648.9
100.0
109.4
293.1
86.3
26.2
2.7
14.7
10.3
100.0
15.4
16.9
45.2
13.3
94.5
4.0
33.6
0.4
3.6
2.3
23.6
1.6
15.6
0.9
13.2
4.7
0.5
3.3
2.2
0.7
717.0
115.8
108.9
316.7
100.0
16.1
15.2
44.2
6.1
5.0
767.9
122.7
114.3
342.1
101.6
41.6
5.1
18.7
15.3
100.0
16.0
14.9
44.6
13.2
5.4
0.7
2.4
2.0
0.8
6.3
840.7
125.2
119.9
368.2
121.4
45.1
4.3
27.9
20.3
100.0
14.9
14.3
43.8
14.4
5.4
0.5
3.3
2.4
1.0
8.5
831.0
117.6
114.8
373.0
112.4
44.9
6.2
31.6
22.8
100.0
14.1
13.8
44.9
13.5
5.4
0.8
4.0
3.8
16.4
2.7
11.5
0.9
0.5
2.2
1.5
0.6
7.7
743.3
106.5
120.3
334.7
104.3
41.1
100.0
14.3
16.2
45.0
14.0
5.5
104.7
109.1
364.1
123.5
45.8
5.3
16.0
10.5
7.2
13.3
13.9
46.3
15.7
5.8
0.7
2.0
1.3
0.9
126.0
126.1
412.9
131.8
63.0
7.2
22.1
12.7
6.9
13.9
13.9
45.4
14.5
6.9
0.8
6.3
2.4
25.2
1.4
11.4
0.8
0.7
2.8
1.2
1.1
786.1
100.0
908.8
100.0
914.7
100.0
123.7
109.9
426.8
147.7
54.0
13.5
12.0
46.7
16.2
5.9
Nota/Note :
1
0.7
Pekerjaan dikelaskan mengikut "Piawaian Pengelasan Pekerjaan, Malaysia (MASCO) 1998". Keterangan kategori pekerjaan adalah seperti
di muka surat 58 dan 59
Occupation is classified according to the " Malaysia Standard of Classification Occupations (MASCO) 1998 " . Category of occupation
is described on page 58 and 59
17
4.4
9.7
Jadual A8a Bilangan dan taburan peratus siswazah bekerja mengikut industri, Malaysia, 19822000
Table A8a Number and percentage distribution of employed graduates by industry, Malaysia, 19822000
Jumlah/Total
Tahun
Year
Jumlah
Total
Kategori industri/Category of industry 1

A
228.1
100.0
3.8
1.7
2.6
1.1
14.7
6.5
1.1
0.5
6.2
2.7
11.3
5.0
2.9
1.3
21.3
9.4
164.2
72.0
1983
221.9
100.0
3.4
1.5
2.7
1.2
13.8
6.2
1.5
0.7
5.8
2.6
13.7
6.2
13.8
5.5
2.3
1.0
4.4
1.8
20.6
9.3
158.1
71.3
1984
249.5
100.0
4.4
1.8
4.3
1.7
17.2
6.9
1.8
0.7
10.8
4.3
26.6
10.7
166.1
66.6
1985
271.0
100.0
3.7
1.4
4.5
1.7
19.7
7.3
1.7
0.6
9.4
3.5
4.5
1.6
5.2
1.8
5.6
1.8
3.9
1.2
8.0
2.4
32.2
11.9
179.4
66.2
37.2
12.8
190.7
65.4
37.6
12.4
201.6
66.3
36.0
11.5
206.6
65.9
9.5
2.8
15.8
5.8
16.0
5.5
18.0
5.9
21.7
6.9
23.2
6.9
1986
291.8
100.0
5.3
1.8
4.8
1.7
21.3
7.3
1.1
0.4
10.1
3.4
1987
304.1
100.0
4.3
1.4
3.4
1.1
23.8
7.8
2.0
0.7
7.9
2.6
1988
313.4
100.0
4.6
1.5
4.0
1.3
23.8
7.6
4.3
1.4
8.6
2.8
1989
337.3
100.0
6.1
1.8
2.9
0.9
28.2
8.3
2.9
0.9
40.2
11.9
216.4
64.2
1990
382.5
100.0
3.2
0.8
5.9
1.5
36.3
9.5
3.3
0.9
9.6
2.5
25.4
6.6
7.1
1.9
48.3
12.6
243.4
63.6
1992
453.2
100.0
6.2
1.4
6.9
1.5
53.5
11.8
3.5
0.8
16.1
3.6
256.0
56.5
66.7
14.2
5.0
1.1
22.1
4.7
68.4
14.5
248.9
52.8
5.4
1.0
7.1
1.3
84.0
14.9
4.2
0.7
33.9
6.0
87.6
15.6
268.3
47.6
679.7
100.0
5.9
0.9
6.2
0.9
97.3
14.3
5.4
0.8
41.9
6.2
12.7
2.8
14.3
3.0
17.2
3.1
21.4
3.1
63.8
14.1
7.4
1.6
34.4
7.6
34.6
7.3
55.3
9.8
64.2
9.4
1993
471.2
100.0
3.6
0.8
1995
563.1
100.0
1996
111.6
16.4
326.1
48.0
1997
759.3
100.0
6.0
0.8
5.9
0.8
109.7
14.4
7.0
0.9
52.0
6.8
345.8
45.5
805.4
100.0
8.9
1.1
4.7
0.6
122.2
15.2
7.8
1.0
50.9
6.3
128.5
16.0
370.5
46.0
1999
853.6
100.0
8.2
1.0
8.8
1.0
136.8
16.0
6.2
0.7
51.9
6.1
149.1
17.5
370.2
43.4
2000
1,006.4
100.0
9.2
0.9
6.4
0.6
165.1
16.4
7.1
0.7
64.2
6.4
28.1
3.7
28.6
3.5
31.1
3.6
33.1
132.1
17.4
1998
72.8
9.6
83.3
10.3
91.3
10.7
109.2
10.9
3.3
157.1
15.6
455.2
45.2
1982
('000)
(%)
Nota/Note:
1
Industri dikelaskan mengikut "Buku Penjenisan Perusahaan Malaysia (Dikemaskini) 1972". Kategori industri adalah seperti berikut:
Industry is classified according to the " Malaysia Industrial Classification, (Updated) 1972 ". Category of occupation are as follows:
A
Pertanian, perhutanan, penternakan dan perikanan
Perdagangan borong dan runcit, restoran dan hotel
Pengangkutan, penyimpanan dan perhubungan
Perkhidmatan kewangan, insurans, hartanah dan

perniagaan
Perkhidmatan masyarakat, sosial dan persendirian
Agriculture, forestry, livestock and fishing

B
Wholesale and retail trade, restaurants and hotels
Perlombongan dan kuari

Mining and quarrying
Pembuatan
Manufacturing
Elektrik, gas dan air
Transport, storage and communications
Finance, insurance, real estate and business services
Electricity, gas and water

E
Community, social and personal services
Pembinaan
Construction
18
Jadual A8b
Bilangan dan taburan peratus siswazah (ijazah) bekerja mengikut industri, Malaysia, 19822000
Table A8b
Number and percentage distribution of employed graduates (degree) by industry, Malaysia, 19822000
Ijazah/Degree
Tahun
Year
Jumlah
Total
Kategori industri/Category of industry
91.1
100.0
2.1
2.3
1.6
1.7
9.8
10.8
0.6
0.6
3.9
4.2
7.4
8.1
1.5
1.6
14.1
15.4
50.3
55.2
1983
86.6
100.0
1.9
2.2
1.8
2.1
9.3
10.7
1.0
1.2
3.2
3.7
8.6
10.0
1.2
1.4
13.0
15.0
46.5
53.7
1984
109.7
100.0
1.9
1.8
2.8
2.6
11.2
10.2
1.1
1.0
7.4
6.7
8.6
7.8
2.9
2.6
18.1
16.5
55.6
50.7
1985
120.2
100.0
1.6
1.4
2.9
2.4
13.6
11.3
1.1
0.9
6.0
5.0
9.5
7.9
2.5
2.1
22.3
18.5
60.6
50.4
1986
128.7
100.0
2.2
1.7
3.4
2.6
13.9
10.8
0.6
0.5
6.4
5.0
10.7
8.3
2.3
1.8
24.2
18.8
65.0
50.5
1987
139.1
100.0
2.1
1.5
2.9
2.1
15.8
11.4
1.6
1.1
4.6
3.3
11.0
7.9
2.6
1.8
24.0
17.2
74.4
53.5
1988
146.0
100.0
2.3
1.6
2.5
1.7
14.4
9.9
3.4
2.3
6.4
4.3
13.5
9.3
2.5
1.7
24.5
16.8
76.5
52.4
1989
148.8
100.0
2.8
1.9
1.8
1.2
16.3
11.0
1.7
1.2
5.6
3.7
13.2
8.8
4.2
2.8
25.3
17.0
78.0
52.4
1990
165.8
100.0
1.8
1.1
4.6
2.8
20.7
12.5
2.4
1.4
4.7
2.8
14.5
8.7
3.7
2.2
30.4
18.3
83.0
50.1
1992
210.2
100.0
2.9
1.4
4.8
2.3
28.0
13.3
2.1
1.0
8.1
3.9
17.6
8.4
6.1
2.9
39.6
18.8
101.1
48.1
1993
227.0
100.0
1.6
0.7
4.5
2.0
38.7
17.0
2.8
1.2
13.3
5.9
16.6
7.3
7.1
3.1
42.0
18.5
100.4
44.2
1995
256.7
100.0
2.6
1.0
3.6
1.4
42.7
16.6
2.1
0.8
16.5
6.4
25.3
9.9
7.5
2.9
49.1
19.1
107.2
41.8
1996
310.6
100.0
2.6
0.8
3.1
1.0
46.8
15.1
2.5
0.8
24.8
8.0
27.6
8.9
10.6
3.4
64.9
20.9
127.6
41.1
1997
341.7
100.0
2.3
0.7
4.6
1.4
47.6
13.9
3.2
0.9
27.1
7.9
31.6
9.3
10.4
3.1
78.2
22.9
136.6
40.0
1998
370.5
100.0
4.3
1.2
2.7
0.7
60.0
16.2
4.6
1.2
26.7
7.2
34.9
9.4
12.5
3.4
71.1
19.2
153.8
41.5
1999
407.4
100.0
3.9
1.0
7.0
1.7
65.0
15.9
3.1
0.8
25.8
6.3
41.5
10.2
14.8
3.6
86.4
21.2
160.0
39.3
2000
471.3
100.0
3.8
0.8
4.5
1.0
76.1
16.1
3.9
0.8
33.4
7.1
47.9
10.2
15.2
3.2
94.0
19.9
192.6
40.9
1982
('000)
(%)
Nota/Note:
1
Industry is classified according to the " Malaysia Industrial Classification, (Updated) 1972 ". Category of occupation are as follows:
A

B

C

perniagaan


Pembuatan
Manufacturing

Pembinaan
Construction
19
Jadual A8c
Bilangan dan taburan peratus siswazah (diploma) bekerja mengikut industri, Malaysia, 19822000
Table A8c
Number and percentage distribution of employed graduates (diploma) by industry, Malaysia,

19822000
Diploma
Tahun
Year
Jumlah
Total
137.0
100.0
1.7
1.3
1.0
0.8
1983
135.3
100.0
1.5
1.1
1984
139.8
100.0
1985
150.8
100.0
1982
('000)
(%)
1986
1987
4.9
3.6
0.6
0.4
2.3
1.7
3.9
2.9
0.8
0.6
4.5
3.3
0.5
0.4
2.6
1.9
2.5
1.8
1.5
1.1
6.0
4.3
0.6
0.4
2.0
1.4
1.6
1.1
6.1
4.1
0.7
0.4
1.4
1.0
7.3
5.3
113.9
83.1
5.1
3.7
1.1
0.8
7.6
5.6
111.6
82.5
3.4
2.4
5.2
3.8
1.5
1.1
8.5
6.1
110.5
79.0
3.4
2.3
6.2
4.1
2.0
1.3
9.9
6.6
118.9
78.8
125.7
163.1
3.0
1.5
7.4
0.5
3.6
5.3
2.9
13.1
100.0
1.9
0.9
4.5
0.3
2.2
3.3
1.8
8.0
77.1
165.0
2.1
0.5
7.9
0.4
3.3
7.0
3.0
13.6
127.2
100.0
1.3
0.3
4.8
0.2
2.0
4.2
1.8
8.2
77.1
1988
167.3
100.0
2.3
1.4
1.5
0.9
9.4
5.6
0.9
0.5
2.3
1.4
8.1
4.9
1.3
0.8
11.4
6.8
130.0
77.7
1989
188.4
100.0
3.3
1.8
1.1
0.6
11.8
6.3
1.1
0.6
4.0
2.1
10.0
5.3
3.8
2.0
14.9
7.9
138.5
73.5
1990
216.8
100.0
1.4
0.7
1.2
0.6
15.6
7.2
0.9
0.4
4.9
2.3
10.9
5.0
3.4
1.6
17.9
8.3
160.4
74.0
1992
242.9
100.0
3.3
1.4
2.1
0.9
25.5
10.5
1.5
0.6
8.0
3.3
16.8
6.9
6.6
2.7
24.2
10.0
154.9
63.8
1993
244.1
100.0
2.0
0.8
2.9
1.2
28.1
11.5
2.2
0.9
8.9
3.6
18.1
7.4
7.1
2.9
26.4
10.8
148.5
60.8
1995
306.4
100.0
2.9
0.9
3.5
1.1
41.3
13.5
2.1
0.7
17.4
5.7
30.0
9.8
9.7
3.2
38.5
12.6
161.1
52.6
1996
369.1
100.0
3.3
0.9
3.1
0.8
50.4
13.7
3.0
0.8
17.1
4.6
36.3
9.8
10.8
2.9
46.7
12.6
198.5
53.8
1997
417.6
100.0
3.7
0.9
1.2
0.3
62.1
14.9
3.8
0.9
24.9
6.0
41.1
9.8
17.6
4.2
53.9
12.9
209.3
50.1
1998
434.9
100.0
4.6
1.1
2.0
0.5
62.3
14.3
3.2
0.7
24.2
5.6
48.4
11.1
16.1
3.7
57.3
13.2
216.7
49.8
1999
446.2
100.0
4.3
1.0
1.8
0.4
71.9
16.1
3.1
0.7
26.2
5.9
49.8
11.2
16.3
3.6
62.7
14.1
210.2
47.1
2000
535.1
100.0
5.4
1.0
1.9
0.4
89.0
16.6
3.1
0.6
30.8
5.8
61.3
11.5
17.9
3.3
63.1
11.8
262.6
49.1
Nota/Note:
1
Industry is classified according to the " Malaysia Industrial Classification, (Updated) 1972" . Category of occupation are as follows:
A

B

C

Pembuatan
Manufacturing
perniagaan
Pembinaan

Construction
20
Jadual A9
Table A9
Bilangan dan taburan peratus siswazah bekerja mengikut sijil tertinggi diperoleh dan industri, Malaysia,
20012009
Number and percentage distribution of employed graduates by highest certificate obtained and industry,
Malaysia, 20012009
Tahun
Year
Jumlah
Total

A
1,098.3
100.0
1,252.2
100.0
1,372.2
100.0
1,479.0
100.0
1,574.3
100.0
1,636.4
100.0
1,528.2
100.0
1,660.3
100.0
1,912.5
100.0
8.2
0.7
10.9
0.9
13.5
1.0
15.3
1.0
15.6
1.0
16.4
1.0
17.5
1.1
16.6
1.0
22.6
1.2
0.1
0.0
0.2
0.0
0.4
0.0
0.1
0.0
0.7
0.0
1.0
0.1
0.6
0.0
0.9
0.1
1.1
0.1
4.8
0.4
4.3
0.3
4.4
0.3
7.4
0.5
8.5
0.5
10.7
0.7
8.8
0.6
12.8
0.8
19.3
1.0
179.0
16.3
197.6
15.8
222.2
16.2
224.4
15.2
238.5
15.1
270.1
16.5
231.8
15.2
232.8
14.0
260.6
13.6
8.3
0.8
7.8
0.6
12.0
0.9
10.7
0.7
10.7
0.7
17.3
1.1
13.6
0.9
14.7
0.9
15.2
0.8
66.1
6.0
84.1
6.7
82.9
6.0
85.6
5.8
86.1
5.5
102.5
6.3
77.9
5.1
96.7
5.8
103.7
5.4
120.8
11.0
139.7
11.2
156.0
11.4
157.8
10.7
177.4
11.3
170.7
10.4
149.9
9.8
162.3
9.8
187.0
9.8
19.5
1.8
25.7
2.1
28.5
2.1
37.9
2.6
36.1
2.3
32.9
2.0
34.5
2.3
34.9
2.1
45.7
2.4
533.9
100.0
603.2
100.0
655.2
100.0
711.1
100.0
733.5
100.0
805.3
100.0
784.9
100.0
874.1
100.0
1,003.8
100.0
4.1
0.8
4.1
0.7
5.7
0.9
4.7
0.7
5.0
0.7
7.2
0.9
9.1
1.2
6.3
0.7
8.0
0.8
0.1
0.0
0.2
0.0
0.1
0.0
0.2
0.0
0.5
0.1
0.3
0.0
0.5
0.1
0.2
0.0
3.4
0.6
3.5
0.6
3.1
0.5
4.8
0.7
4.4
0.6
6.7
0.8
5.9
0.7
8.6
1.0
11.8
1.2
90.0
16.9
88.4
14.7
95.7
14.6
102.6
14.4
106.3
14.5
122.9
15.3
111.3
14.2
118.6
13.6
130.4
13.0
3.6
0.7
3.6
0.6
5.5
0.8
4.3
0.6
4.8
0.7
8.1
1.0
6.2
0.8
8.5
1.0
6.5
0.7
30.7
5.7
37.5
6.2
40.2
6.1
40.8
5.7
36.5
5.0
46.9
5.8
36.5
4.6
47.1
5.4
50.8
5.1
54.0
10.1
62.7
10.4
64.5
9.8
64.9
9.1
68.6
9.3
74.0
9.2
71.7
9.1
70.2
8.0
78.1
7.8
6.6
1.2
8.3
1.4
6.6
1.0
7.4
1.0
9.1
1.2
9.9
1.2
12.3
1.6
10.8
1.2
12.3
1.2
564.5
100.0
648.9
100.0
717.0
100.0
767.9
100.0
840.7
100.0
831.0
100.0
743.3
100.0
786.1
100.0
908.8
100.0
4.1
0.7
6.8
1.0
7.8
1.1
10.6
1.4
10.6
1.3
9.2
1.1
8.5
1.1
10.3
1.3
14.6
1.6
0.2
0.0
0.2
0.0
0.5
0.1
0.5
0.1
0.3
0.0
0.4
0.1
0.9
0.1
1.4
0.2
0.7
0.1
1.3
0.2
2.5
0.3
4.2
0.5
4.0
0.5
2.9
0.4
4.2
0.5
7.4
0.8
89.0
15.8
109.2
16.8
126.6
17.7
121.8
15.9
132.2
15.7
147.1
17.7
120.4
16.2
114.2
14.5
130.2
14.3
4.7
0.8
4.2
0.6
6.5
0.9
6.4
0.8
5.9
0.7
9.2
1.1
7.4
1.0
6.1
0.8
8.8
1.0
35.5
6.3
46.7
7.2
42.6
5.9
44.7
5.8
49.6
5.9
55.6
6.7
41.5
5.6
49.5
6.3
52.8
5.8
66.7
11.8
77.0
11.9
91.6
12.8
92.9
12.1
108.8
12.9
96.6
11.6
78.2
10.5
92.2
11.7
108.9
12.0
12.9
2.3
17.4
2.7
21.8
3.0
30.5
4.0
27.0
3.2
23.0
2.8
22.2
3.0
24.0
3.1
33.3
3.7
Jumlah/Total
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
Ijazah/Degree
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
('000)
(%)
Diploma
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
Nota/Note :
1
Industri dikelaskan mengikut "Piawaian Klasifikasi Industri Malaysia (MSIC) 2000". Keterangan kategori industri adalah seperti di muka surat 60
Industry is classified according to the "Malaysia Standard Industrial Classification (MSIC) 2000". Category of industry is described on page 60
21
Jadual A9
Table A9
20012009 (samb.)
Number and percentage distribution of employed graduates by highest certificate obtained and
industry, Malaysia, 20012009 (cont'd)
Tahun
Year
Jumlah/Total
2001
('000)
(%)
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
Ijazah/Degree
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009

I
47.0
4.3
52.9
4.2
61.5
4.5
64.3
4.3
65.4
4.2
74.6
4.6
66.7
4.4
71.6
4.3
86.4
4.5
79.1
7.2
95.7
7.6
84.3
6.1
98.9
6.7
116.9
7.4
112.1
6.8
120.4
7.9
123.1
7.4
128.2
6.7
113.7
10.4
150.1
12.0
139.3
10.1
171.5
11.6
175.6
11.2
188.9
11.5
175.3
11.5
179.6
10.8
214.4
11.2
93.8
8.5
107.9
8.6
104.3
7.6
118.1
8.0
144.7
9.2
127.4
7.8
121.9
8.0
150.0
9.0
176.4
9.2
297.8
27.1
303.8
24.3
373.2
27.2
395.4
26.7
386.7
24.6
391.8
23.9
392.8
25.7
421.9
25.4
487.6
25.5
41.5
3.8
49.1
3.9
62.3
4.5
65.4
4.4
80.4
5.1
89.1
5.4
90.0
5.9
103.2
6.2
123.0
6.4
17.6
1.6
18.4
1.5
22.8
1.7
22.8
1.5
27.1
1.7
26.8
1.6
23.1
1.5
33.6
2.0
36.2
1.9
1.1
0.1
2.1
0.2
2.5
0.2
1.9
0.1
2.9
0.2
4.0
0.2
2.6
0.2
5.3
0.3
3.8
0.2
0.1
0.0
1.9
0.2
2.1
0.2
1.6
0.1
0.9
0.1
0.2
0.0
0.7
0.0
0.3
0.0
1.3
0.1
22.3
4.2
23.2
3.9
29.2
4.5
33.1
4.6
30.1
4.1
36.3
4.5
31.9
4.1
31.8
3.6
43.1
4.3
46.1
8.6
55.5
9.2
47.6
7.3
54.9
7.7
61.7
8.4
61.5
7.6
70.4
9.0
70.3
8.0
71.9
7.2
63.4
11.9
85.4
14.2
82.9
12.7
94.6
13.3
100.7
13.7
107.9
13.4
103.3
13.2
107.9
12.3
136.1
13.6
51.9
9.7
56.5
9.4
54.0
8.2
64.0
9.0
69.8
9.5
65.3
8.1
59.3
7.5
75.1
8.6
90.3
9.0
127.9
24.0
141.5
23.4
181.8
27.7
196.8
27.7
189.1
25.8
209.2
26.0
218.9
27.9
257.4
29.4
303.3
30.2
20.2
3.8
23.9
4.0
26.5
4.0
25.6
3.6
32.8
4.5
34.8
4.3
36.2
4.6
39.8
4.6
41.1
4.1
9.0
1.7
8.5
1.4
8.7
1.3
10.4
1.5
12.8
1.7
12.0
1.5
9.6
1.2
17.4
2.0
17.2
1.7
0.3
0.1
0.2
0.0
1.3
0.2
0.7
0.1
0.7
0.1
2.1
0.3
1.5
0.2
3.5
0.4
1.6
0.2
0.1
0.0
0.3
0.1
1.7
0.3
1.2
0.2
0.9
0.1
0.2
0.0
0.5
0.1
0.3
0.0
1.1
0.1
24.7
4.4
29.6
4.6
32.3
4.5
31.2
4.1
35.3
4.2
38.3
4.6
33.0
5.8
40.2
6.2
36.7
5.1
44.0
5.7
55.1
6.6
50.5
6.1
50.4
8.9
64.7
10.0
56.4
7.9
76.9
10.0
74.9
8.9
81.1
9.8
41.9
7.4
51.4
7.9
50.3
7.0
54.0
7.0
74.9
8.9
62.1
7.5
169.8
30.1
162.3
25.0
191.4
26.7
198.6
25.9
197.6
23.5
182.6
22.0
21.3
3.8
25.2
3.9
35.8
5.0
39.8
5.2
47.6
5.7
54.3
6.5
8.5
1.5
9.8
1.5
14.1
2.0
12.3
1.6
14.3
1.7
14.8
1.8
0.8
0.1
1.9
0.3
1.2
0.2
1.2
0.2
2.2
0.3
2.0
0.2
1.6
0.2
0.4
0.1
0.4
0.1
-
34.8
4.7
39.8
5.1
43.4
4.8
50.0
6.7
52.8
6.7
56.3
6.2
71.9
9.7
71.7
9.1
78.3
8.6
62.7
8.4
74.9
9.5
86.2
9.5
173.9
23.4
164.5
20.9
184.3
20.3
53.8
7.2
63.4
8.1
81.9
9.0
13.5
1.8
16.2
2.1
19.1
2.1
1.1
0.1
1.8
0.2
2.2
0.2
0.2
0.0
0.2
0.0
Diploma
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
Nota/Note :
1
Industri dikelaskan mengikut "Piawaian Klasifikasi Industri Malaysia (MSIC) 2000". Keterangan kategori industri adalah seperti di muka surat 60
Industry is classified according to the "Malaysia Standard Industrial Classification (MSIC) 2000". Category of industry is described on page 60
22
Jadual A10
Table A10
2010
Number and percentage distribution of employed graduates by highest certificate obtained and
industry, Malaysia, 2010
Industri 1
Industry
Jumlah
Total
Ijazah
Degree
Diploma
2,030.6
1,115.9
914.7
Pertanian, perhutanan dan perikanan

Agrilculture, forestry and fishing
24.3
12.2
12.2
1.2
1.1
1.3
Perlombongan dan pengkuarian

18.0
12.3
5.7
267.1
136.2
130.8
13.2
12.2
14.3
17.2
10.5
6.7
0.9
0.9
0.7
Jumlah
Total
('000)
(%)
100.0
0.9
Pembuatan
Manufacturing
Bekalan elektrik, gas, wap dan pendingin udara
Electricity, gas, steam and air conditioning supply
Bekalan air; pembentungan, pengurusan sisa dan aktiviti pemulihan
100.0
1.1
100.0
0.6
6.8
2.3
4.5
0.3
0.2
0.5
116.2
60.0
56.3
5.7
5.4
6.2
194.1
79.6
114.5
9.6
7.1
12.5
Pengangkutan dan penyimpanan

Transportation and storage
54.9
24.9
30.0
2.7
2.2
3.3
Penginapan dan aktiviti perkhidmatan makanan dan minuman

Accommodation and food service activities
43.3
13.3
30.0
2.1
1.2
3.3
Maklumat dan komunikasi

Information and communication
91.9
61.1
30.8
Water supply; sewerage, waste management and remediation activities

Pembinaan
Construction
Perdagangan borong dan runcit, pembaikan kenderaan bermotor dan
motosikal
Wholesale and retail trade, repair of motor vehicles and motorcycles
Aktiviti kewangan dan insurans/takaful

Financial and insurance/takaful activities
4.5
5.5
3.4
144.7
85.2
59.4
6.5
7.1
7.6
25.5
16.9
8.6
1.3
1.5
0.9
132.6
78.3
54.3
6.5
7.0
5.9
29.4
12.0
17.5
1.5
1.1
1.9
Pentadbiran awam dan pertahanan; aktiviti keselamatan sosial wajib

Public administration and defence; compulsory social security
178.2
93.8
84.4
8.8
8.4
9.2
Pendidikan
Education
527.8
350.5
177.3
26.0
31.4
19.4
Aktiviti kesihatan kemanusiaan dan kerja sosial

Human health and social work activities
116.2
46.8
69.4
5.7
4.2
7.6
Aktiviti hartanah
Real estate
Aktiviti profesional, saintifik dan teknikal
Professional, scientific and technical activities
Aktiviti pentadbiran dan khidmat sokongan
Administrative and support service activities
Kesenian, hiburan dan rekreasi

Arts, entertainment and recreation
15.9
7.8
8.1
0.8
0.7
0.9
Aktiviti perkhidmatan lain

Others service activities
22.7
9.7
13.0
1.1
0.9
1.4
Aktiviti isi rumah sebagai majikan

Activities of households as employers
2.0
0.9
1.2
0.1
0.1
0.1
Aktiviti badan dan pertubuhan luar wilayah

Activities of extraterritorial organizations and bodies
1.7
1.6
0.1
0.1
0.2
0.0
Nota/Note
1
Industri dikelaskan mengikut Piawaian Klasifikasi Industri Malaysia (MSIC) 2008
Industry is classified according to the Malaysia Standard Industrial Classifications (MSIC) 2008
23
Jadual A11 Bilangan siswazah menganggur mengikut sijil tertinggi diperoleh dan jantina, Malaysia, 19822010
Table A11
Number of unemployed graduates by highest certificate obtained and sex, Malaysia, 19822010
Jumlah
Total
Tahun
Year
Jumlah
Total
1982
('000)
Ijazah
Degree
Lelaki Perempuan
Female
Male
Jumlah
Total
Diploma
Lelaki Perempuan
Male
Female
Jumlah
Total
Lelaki Perempuan
Male
Female
3.7
2.1
1.7
2.7
1.4
1.3
1.0
0.6
0.4
1983
5.5
3.0
2.5
3.6
2.1
1.5
1.8
0.9
0.9
1984
8.1
4.9
3.1
4.8
2.9
1.9
3.3
2.1
1.2
1985
10.8
6.4
4.3
6.4
4.3
2.1
4.4
2.1
2.2
1986
12.9
7.8
5.1
7.3
4.8
2.5
5.5
3.0
2.6
1987
16.1
9.5
6.7
8.2
4.7
3.5
8.0
4.8
3.2
1988
12.8
7.6
5.2
6.4
3.7
2.7
6.4
3.9
2.5
1989
15.4
8.5
6.9
7.1
4.1
2.9
8.3
4.3
4.0
1990
9.1
4.5
4.6
3.6
2.0
1.6
5.5
2.5
3.0
1992
8.7
5.1
3.5
4.8
2.4
2.4
3.9
2.7
1.2
1993
9.4
4.4
5.0
5.3
2.4
2.9
4.1
2.0
2.1
1995
9.7
5.1
4.7
5.7
2.9
2.8
4.0
2.1
1.9
1996
10.3
5.9
4.3
4.5
2.6
1.9
5.7
3.3
2.4
1997
12.3
5.0
7.4
5.4
1.9
3.5
6.9
3.1
3.9
1998
24.1
12.7
11.4
12.0
6.1
5.9
12.1
6.6
5.5
1999
30.5
14.8
15.8
13.1
7.5
5.6
17.5
7.3
10.2
2000
32.8
15.0
17.8
14.9
5.9
8.9
17.9
9.1
8.8
2001
36.8
17.1
19.7
18.9
7.8
11.2
17.9
9.4
8.5
2002
47.6
22.9
24.7
22.2
9.2
13.0
25.4
13.7
11.7
2003
56.8
28.1
28.7
26.0
11.4
14.6
30.8
16.7
14.2
2004
64.0
30.6
33.4
22.7
8.2
14.5
41.2
22.3
18.9
2005
63.0
33.4
29.6
25.3
11.3
14.0
37.7
22.1
15.6
2006
65.7
31.3
34.4
31.1
12.6
18.5
34.6
18.7
15.8
2007
53.5
22.8
30.6
27.9
9.7
18.2
25.6
13.1
12.5
2008
54.1
26.3
27.9
27.7
11.7
16.0
26.4
14.6
11.8
2009
63.0
28.4
34.6
30.9
12.3
18.6
32.2
16.2
16.0
2010
65.5
28.9
36.6
33.8
14.4
19.5
31.7
14.5
17.1
24
Jadual A12 Bilangan siswazah menganggur mengikut sijil tertinggi diperoleh dan strata, Malaysia, 19822010
Table A12 Number of unemployed graduates by highest certificate obtained and stratum, Malaysia, 19822010
Jumlah
Total
Tahun
Year
Ijazah
Degree
Diploma
Jumlah
Total
Bandar
Urban
Luar
Bandar
Rural
Jumlah
Total
Bandar
Urban
Luar
Bandar
Rural
Jumlah
Total
Bandar
Urban
Luar
Bandar
Rural
1982
3.7
2.6
1.1
2.7
2.0
0.8
1.0
0.7
0.3
1983
5.5
3.5
2.0
3.6
2.3
1.4
1.8
1.2
0.6
1984
8.1
4.6
3.5
4.8
3.4
1.4
3.3
1.2
2.1
1985
10.8
6.2
4.5
6.4
4.4
2.0
4.4
1.8
2.6
1986
12.9
6.9
6.0
7.3
4.4
3.0
5.5
2.5
3.1
1987
16.1
7.6
8.5
8.2
4.3
3.9
8.0
3.3
4.6
1988
12.8
6.5
6.3
6.4
4.3
2.1
6.4
2.2
4.1
1989
15.4
7.3
8.0
7.1
3.9
3.2
8.3
3.4
4.9
1990
9.1
3.4
5.6
3.6
1.6
2.0
5.5
1.9
3.6
1992
8.7
5.5
3.1
4.8
3.4
1.4
3.9
2.1
1.8
1993
9.4
6.3
3.1
5.3
3.2
2.1
4.1
3.0
1.1
1995
9.7
7.2
2.5
5.7
4.7
1.0
4.0
2.5
1.5
1996
10.3
6.7
3.6
4.5
2.9
1.6
5.7
3.8
1.9
1997
12.3
9.1
3.2
5.4
3.7
1.7
6.9
5.4
1.5
1998
24.1
18.6
5.5
12.0
9.1
2.9
12.1
9.5
2.5
1999
30.5
21.5
9.1
13.1
9.2
3.8
17.5
12.2
5.2
2000
32.8
23.4
9.4
14.9
11.5
3.4
17.9
11.9
6.0
2001
36.8
28.3
8.5
18.9
14.4
4.6
17.9
13.9
4.0
2002
47.6
36.2
11.3
22.2
17.9
4.3
25.4
18.3
7.1
2003
56.8
42.3
14.5
26.0
19.8
6.2
30.8
22.5
8.3
2004
64.0
46.0
18.0
22.7
16.6
6.1
41.2
29.3
11.9
2005
63.0
43.2
19.7
25.3
18.0
7.2
37.7
25.2
12.5
2006
65.7
50.7
14.9
31.1
24.5
6.5
34.6
26.2
8.4
2007
53.5
38.1
15.4
27.9
19.7
8.2
25.6
18.4
7.1
2008
54.1
40.7
13.5
27.7
22.1
5.6
26.4
18.6
7.8
2009
63.0
48.2
14.9
30.9
24.2
6.6
32.2
23.9
8.3
2010
65.5
47.3
18.2
33.8
24.0
9.9
31.7
23.3
8.3
25
Jadual A13 Taburan peratus siswazah menganggur mengikut kumpulan etnik, Malaysia, 19822010
Percentage distribution of unemployed graduates by ethnic group, Malaysia, 19822010
Table A13
Malaysian citizens
Tahun
Year
Jumlah
Total
Jumlah
Total
Bumiputera
Cina
Chinese
India
Indians
Lain-lain
Others
Bukan
warganegara
Malaysia
NonMalaysian
citizens
1982
100.0
90.1
27.6
51.3
9.4
1.9
9.9
1983
100.0
98.4
53.0
40.6
4.7
1.6
1984
100.0
98.3
50.3
37.3
10.7
1.7
1985
100.0
95.9
52.1
33.3
8.1
2.4
4.1
1986
100.0
98.4
55.5
37.2
3.8
2.0
1.6
1987
100.0
98.1
66.7
24.6
6.0
0.8
1.9
1988
100.0
98.5
62.3
28.2
6.5
1.5
1.6
1989
100.0
97.5
67.8
24.5
3.2
2.1
2.5
1990
100.0
100.0
72.9
23.5
3.0
0.6
1992
100.0
95.8
64.0
21.7
7.3
2.7
4.2
1993
100.0
98.7
64.1
26.5
8.2
1.3
1995
100.0
98.0
61.2
28.3
8.1
0.5
2.0
1996
100.0
93.8
60.1
26.1
7.1
0.6
6.2
1997
100.0
100.0
48.4
33.3
10.5
7.8
1998
100.0
99.8
53.0
38.0
7.5
1.4
0.2
1999
100.0
97.2
64.1
27.2
5.8
0.2
2.8
2000
100.0
98.6
55.5
36.6
5.8
0.7
1.4
2001
100.0
98.0
62.5
25.7
9.8
2.0
2002
100.0
99.1
64.7
27.1
7.1
0.2
0.9
2003
100.0
98.6
64.5
23.6
10.4
1.4
2004
100.0
99.1
73.0
17.3
8.6
0.2
0.9
2005
100.0
99.6
74.5
18.2
6.1
0.8
0.4
2006
100.0
99.4
71.2
19.3
7.7
1.2
0.6
2007
100.0
99.9
74.7
18.7
6.5
0.0
0.1
2008
100.0
99.1
63.6
24.3
9.8
1.4
0.9
2009
100.0
98.7
62.3
26.4
9.8
0.1
1.3
2010
100.0
98.0
70.3
20.8
6.2
0.7
2.0
26
Jadual A14
Table A14
Bilangan siswazah menganggur mengikut kumpulan umur, Malaysia, 19822010

Number of unemployed graduates by age group, Malaysia, 19822010
Tahun
Year
Jumlah
Total
Bawah 20
tahun
Below 20
years
20-24
25-29
30-34
35 tahun dan
lebih
35 years and
over
1982
3.7
1.8
1.1
0.3
0.4
1983
5.5
2.1
2.1
0.8
0.5
1984
8.1
4.7
2.5
0.4
0.5
1985
10.8
6.3
3.4
0.4
0.7
1986
12.9
0.1
7.5
3.5
1.0
0.8
1987
16.1
0.2
9.0
4.3
0.9
1.8
1988
12.8
7.3
3.3
0.9
1.3
1989
15.4
0.1
8.5
4.6
1.0
1.2
1990
9.1
6.2
1.7
0.4
0.7
1992
8.7
0.1
4.5
3.0
0.3
0.8
1993
9.4
4.1
3.4
0.8
1.1
1995
9.7
0.3
5.3
2.9
0.4
0.8
1996
10.3
0.3
6.0
1.9
0.8
1.3
1997
12.3
0.3
8.6
2.7
0.3
0.4
1998
24.1
0.5
14.0
7.2
1.2
1.3
1999
30.5
0.5
20.4
5.5
1.7
2.5
2000
32.8
0.3
20.3
7.8
0.9
3.5
2001
36.8
1.4
22.0
8.1
1.8
3.5
2002
47.6
0.8
31.9
11.2
1.5
2.3
2003
56.8
1.9
35.1
11.5
4.4
3.9
2004
64.0
1.7
41.5
15.3
3.0
2.4
2005
63.0
1.4
38.1
16.9
2.8
3.7
2006
65.7
1.7
39.8
18.4
2.4
3.3
2007
53.5
0.1
30.7
17.6
3.0
2.1
2008
54.1
0.5
28.3
16.3
2.9
6.0
2009
63.0
0.2
36.2
15.7
3.7
7.2
2010
65.5
0.4
34.1
21.9
5.0
4.2
27
Jadual A15
Table A15
Bilangan dan taburan peratus siswazah menganggur mengikut sijil tertinggi diperoleh dan bidang pengajian
terpilih, Malaysia, 20042009
Number and percentage distribution of unemployed graduates by highest certificate obtained and
selected field of study, Malaysia, 20042009
Komputer & teknologi

maklumat
Computer & information
technology
Latihan kemahiran
Skill training
Sains sosial & sains gelagat

Social science & behavioural
science
Latihan perguruan dan sains

pendidikan
Teacher training and
education science
Kesenian
Art
Pendidikan vokasional
Vocational education
Lain-lain
Others
18.6
29.2
12.8
20.0
10.6
16.7
4.3
6.7
2.3
3.7
2.1
3.2
1.6
2.5
1.6
2.5
10.0
15.5
2005
63.0
100.0
17.8
28.2
11.9
18.8
10.0
15.9
3.0
4.8
3.6
5.8
1.2
2.0
1.3
2.0
1.8
2.9
12.4
19.6
2006
65.7
100.0
17.4
26.5
11.9
18.0
11.1
16.9
4.4
6.7
3.7
5.6
1.8
2.8
1.5
2.3
2.1
3.2
11.8
18.1
53.5
100.0
54.1
100.0
63.0
100.0
17.6
32.9
19.8
36.5
20.4
32.4
9.4
17.7
5.9
11.0
9.2
14.6
8.2
15.3
7.9
14.6
10.8
17.2
1.9
3.5
2.6
4.9
3.1
4.9
3.3
6.1
2.3
4.3
2.2
3.4
2.4
4.5
2.7
5.0
1.7
2.7
1.5
2.8
1.5
2.8
0.7
1.2
0.5
0.9
0.8
1.4
1.4
2.2
8.7
16.2
10.6
19.5
13.5
21.5
2004
22.7
100.0
8.5
37.4
3.2
14.1
2.6
11.4
0.5
2.1
1.6
7.0
1.2
5.4
0.3
1.2
0.1
0.3
4.8
21.0
2005
25.3
100.0
7.6
30.1
3.9
15.3
3.2
12.5
0.1
0.5
2.6
10.3
1.0
4.0
0.4
1.5
0.2
0.9
6.3
24.8
2006
31.1
100.0
9.8
31.5
4.0
12.8
3.9
12.7
0.4
1.1
3.3
10.6
1.2
3.7
0.7
2.2
0.4
1.2
7.5
24.2
2007
27.9
100.0
9.3
33.4
3.6
13.0
4.2
15.0
0.4
1.5
2.7
9.6
1.9
6.9
0.4
1.3
0.1
0.2
5.4
19.2
2008
27.7
100.0
9.9
35.7
2.4
8.6
3.5
12.5
0.2
0.6
1.9
6.9
2.1
7.8
1.0
3.4
0.2
0.7
6.6
23.9
30.9
100.0
9.6
31.2
3.4
11.1
4.5
14.7
0.8
2.6
1.9
6.0
1.7
5.5
0.4
1.2
0.2
0.7
8.3
27.1
41.2
100.0
10.1
24.6
9.6
23.2
8.0
19.5
3.8
9.2
0.7
1.8
0.8
2.0
1.3
3.3
1.5
3.7
12.5
37.7
100.0
34.6
10.1
26.9
7.6
8.0
21.2
7.9
6.9
18.2
7.1
2.9
7.7
4.0
1.0
2.7
0.4
0.2
0.6
0.6
0.9
2.3
1.6
4.2
6.1
16.2
100.0
22.0
22.8
20.7
11.7
1.1
1.9
0.9
2.5
1.7
5.1
4.3
12.4
25.6
100.0
8.3
32.4
5.8
22.7
4.0
15.6
1.5
5.7
0.6
2.3
0.5
2.0
1.2
4.5
0.4
1.8
3.3
13.0
26.4
100.0
32.2
100.0
9.9
37.3
10.8
33.6
3.6
13.5
5.8
17.9
4.4
16.7
6.3
19.6
2.5
9.4
2.3
7.0
0.4
1.5
0.3
0.9
0.6
2.2
0.0
0.1
0.6
2.2
0.4
1.2
0.6
2.2
1.2
3.7
4.0
15.0
5.2
16.1
Kejuruteraan
Engineering
Perniagaan & pentadbiran

Business & administration
64.0
100.0
Tahun
Year
Jumlah
Total
Bidang pengajian/Field of study
Jumlah/Total
2004
2007
2008
2009
('000)
(%)
Ijazah/Degree
2009
Diploma
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
28
5.2
Jadual A16
Table A16
Bilangan dan taburan peratus siswazah menganggur mengikut sijil tertinggi diperoleh
dan bidang pengajian terpilih, Malaysia, 2010
Number and percentage distribution of unemployed graduates by highest certificate
obtained and selected field of study, Malaysia, 2010
Bidang pengajian 1
Field of study
Jumlah
Total
Jumlah
Total
Ijazah
Degree
Diploma
65.5
33.8
31.7
100.0
100.0
100.0
Program asas/Umum
General programmes
0.3
0.1
0.2
0.4
0.2
0.7
Pendidikan
Education
2.4
1.3
1.1
3.7
3.9
3.4
Kesenian dan kemanusiaan

Art and humanities
4.1
2.7
1.4
6.3
8.1
4.4
Sains sosial, perniagaan dan undang-undang

Social sciences, business and law
25.8
14.2
11.7
39.4
41.9
36.8
Sains, matematik dan pengkomputeran

Science, mathematics and computing
11.7
17.9
6.3
18.6
5.4
17.0
Kejuruteraan, pembuatan dan binaan

Engineering, manufacturing and consctruction
14.2
7.0
7.2
21.7
20.6
22.8
Pertanian, perhutanan, perikanan dan veterinar

Agriculture, forestry, fishing and veterinary
0.9
0.7
0.2
1.4
2.2
0.6
Kesihatan dan kebajikan

Health and welfare
4.2
0.8
3.3
6.4
2.5
10.5
Perkhidmatan
Services
1.9
0.7
1.2
3.0
2.0
3.9
Nota/Note:
1
Mulai 2010, klasifikasi bidang pengajian adalah mengikut International Standard Classification of Education (ISCED)
Starting 2010, field of study is classified according to the International Standard Classification of Education (ISCED)
29
JADUAL PERANGKAAN TENAGA BURUH

TABLES OF LABOUR FORCE STATISTICS
Jadual B1
Table B1
Perangkaan utama tenaga buruh, Malaysia, 19822010

Principal statistics of labour force, Malaysia, 19822010
Jumlah
Total
Umur bekerja
Working age
Tenaga buruh
Labour force
Bekerja
Employed
Guna tenaga tidak

penuh
Underemployed
Penganggur
Unemployed
Luar tenaga buruh

Kadar penyertaan
tenaga buruh
Labour force
participation rate
Kadar pengangguran
Unemployment rate
(%)
Tahun
Year
1982
8,376.0
5,431.4
5,249.0
401.9
182.4
2,944.6
64.8
3.4
1983
8,641.2
5,671.8
5,457.0
520.9
214.9
2,969.4
65.6
3.8
1984
8,982.2
5,862.5
5,566.7
661.6
295.8
3,119.6
65.3
5.0
1985
9,115.0
5,990.1
5,653.4
696.5
336.8
3,124.9
65.7
5.6
1986
9,410.4
6,222.1
5,760.1
789.5
461.9
3,188.3
66.1
7.4
1987
9,703.0
6,456.8
5,983.9
750.6
472.9
3,246.1
66.5
7.3
1988
9,938.6
6,637.0
6,157.2
860.6
479.8
3,301.5
66.8
7.2
1989
10,242.8
6,779.4
6,390.9
665.6
388.5
3,463.5
66.2
5.7
1990
10,519.9
7,000.2
6,685.0
599.1
315.2
3,519.7
66.5
4.5
1992
11,102.7
7,319.0
7,047.8
515.0
271.2
3,783.6
65.9
3.7
1993
11,575.1
7,700.1
7,383.4
653.3
316.8
3,874.9
66.5
4.1
1995
12,190.7
7,893.1
7,645.0
482.4
248.1
4,297.7
64.7
3.1
1996
12,995.0
8,616.0
8,399.3
556.8
216.8
4,379.0
66.3
2.5
1997
13,389.1
8,784.0
8,569.2
509.8
214.9
4,605.1
65.6
2.4
1998
13,817.6
8,883.6
8,599.6
486.9
284.0
4,934.0
64.3
3.2
1999
14,249.9
9,151.5
8,837.8
464.7
313.7
5,098.4
64.2
3.4
2000
14,621.2
9,556.1
9,269.2
491.4
286.9
5,065.1
65.4
3.0
2001
14,939.3
9,699.4
9,357.0
525.0
342.4
5,239.9
64.9
3.5
2002
15,359.9
9,886.2
9,542.6
516.7
343.5
5,473.8
64.4
3.5
2003
15,698.2
10,239.6
9,869.7
529.0
369.8
5,458.6
65.2
3.6
2004
16,076.7
10,346.2
9,979.5
599.3
366.6
5,730.5
64.4
3.5
2005
16,461.6
10,413.4
10,045.4
484.4
368.1
6,048.2
63.3
3.5
2006
16,834.0
10,628.9
10,275.4
471.9
353.6
6,205.1
63.1
3.3
2007
17,219.6
10,889.5
10,538.1
511.3
351.4
6,330.1
63.2
3.2
2008
17,603.8
11,028.1
10,659.6
470.7
368.5
6,575.7
62.6
3.3
2009
17,980.9
11,315.3
10,897.3
478.7
418.0
6,665.7
62.9
3.7
2010
18,373.2
11,517.2
11,129.4
504.0
387.9
6,855.9
62.7
3.4
31
Jadual B2
Table B2
Perangkaan utama tenaga buruh mengikut jantina, Malaysia, 19822010

Principal statistics of labour force by sex, Malaysia, 19822010
Lelaki
Male
Umur bekerja
Working age
Tenaga buruh
Labour force
Bekerja
Employed
Guna tenaga tidak

penuh
Underemployed
Penganggur
Unemployed
Luar tenaga buruh

Kadar penyertaan
tenaga buruh
Labour force
participation rate
Kadar pengangguran
Unemployment rate
(%)
Tahun
Year
1982
4,173.8
3,562.3
3,465.3
199.4
97.0
611.5
85.3
2.7
1983
4,313.8
3,693.1
3,570.4
272.1
122.6
620.8
85.6
3.3
1984
4,487.2
3,832.2
3,662.6
346.2
169.6
654.9
85.4
4.4
1985
4,554.3
3,896.7
3,700.5
374.1
196.1
657.7
85.6
5.0
1986
4,703.8
4,037.7
3,753.5
440.6
284.2
666.0
85.8
7.0
1987
4,848.6
4,151.3
3,868.0
395.8
283.3
697.3
85.6
6.8
1988
4,969.3
4,268.7
3,984.0
471.4
284.7
700.6
85.9
6.7
1989
5,126.6
4,389.1
4,155.3
355.1
233.7
737.5
85.6
5.3
1990
5,265.0
4,489.8
4,310.7
303.5
179.1
775.1
85.3
4.0
1992
5,557.9
4,716.5
4,554.2
249.2
162.3
841.4
84.9
3.4
1993
5,863.8
5,043.3
4,853.8
355.0
189.5
820.6
86.0
3.8
1995
6,170.1
5,203.1
5,056.6
249.4
146.5
967.0
84.3
2.8
1996
6,660.0
5,653.9
5,514.2
280.9
139.6
1,006.1
84.9
2.5
1997
6,868.1
5,787.3
5,657.7
248.5
129.6
1,080.8
84.3
2.2
1998
7,101.0
5,904.2
5,718.9
259.1
185.3
1,196.8
83.1
3.1
1999
7,324.6
6,063.5
5,851.2
239.5
212.3
1,261.1
82.8
3.5
2000
7,413.3
6,156.2
5,973.5
252.1
182.7
1,257.1
83.0
3.0
2001
7,612.3
6,268.3
6,055.9
266.6
212.3
1,344.0
82.3
3.4
2002
7,790.6
6,352.3
6,141.8
257.0
210.5
1,438.4
81.5
3.3
2003
7,987.9
6,559.4
6,323.6
268.6
235.8
1,428.4
82.1
3.6
2004
8,178.7
6,615.1
6,390.4
310.2
224.7
1,563.7
80.9
3.4
2005
8,378.0
6,700.9
6,470.5
256.5
230.4
1,677.1
80.0
3.4
2006
8,563.1
6,843.5
6,618.6
253.8
224.9
1,719.6
79.9
3.3
2007
8,757.9
6,963.5
6,747.1
264.3
216.4
1,794.4
79.5
3.1
2008
8,955.7
7,074.6
6,851.1
251.1
223.5
1,881.1
79.0
3.2
2009
9,145.0
7,218.1
6,955.7
249.4
262.4
1,926.9
78.9
3.6
2010
9,341.5
7,351.8
7,112.1
259.1
239.7
1,989.7
78.7
3.3
32
Jadual B2
Perangkaan utama tenaga buruh mengikut jantina, Malaysia, 19822010 (samb.)
Table B2
Principal statistics of labour force by sex, Malaysia, 19822010 (cont'd)
Perempuan
Female
Umur bekerja
Working age
Tenaga buruh
Labour force
Bekerja
Employed
Guna tenaga tidak

penuh
Underemployed
Penganggur
Unemployed
Luar tenaga buruh

Kadar penyertaan
tenaga buruh
Labour force
participation rate
Kadar pengangguran
Unemployment rate
(%)
Tahun
Year
1982
4,202.2
1,869.1
1,783.7
202.5
85.4
2,333.1
44.5
4.6
1983
4,327.4
1,978.8
1,886.5
248.8
92.2
2,348.6
45.7
4.7
1984
4,495.0
2,030.3
1,904.1
315.4
126.2
2,464.7
45.2
6.2
1985
4,560.7
2,093.5
1,952.8
322.4
140.6
2,467.3
45.9
6.7
1986
4,706.6
2,184.3
2,006.6
348.9
177.7
2,522.3
46.4
8.1
1987
4,854.4
2,305.5
2,115.9
354.8
189.6
2,548.9
47.5
8.2
1988
4,969.3
2,368.4
2,173.2
389.2
195.1
2,600.9
47.7
8.2
1989
5,116.3
2,390.3
2,235.5
310.5
154.8
2,726.0
46.7
6.5
1990
5,255.0
2,510.3
2,374.3
295.6
136.1
2,744.6
47.8
5.4
1992
5,544.7
2,602.5
2,493.6
265.9
108.9
2,942.2
46.9
4.2
1993
5,711.2
2,656.9
2,529.6
298.3
127.3
3,054.4
46.5
4.8
1995
6,020.6
2,690.0
2,588.4
233.1
101.6
3,330.7
44.7
3.8
1996
6,335.1
2,962.1
2,885.0
275.9
77.1
3,372.9
46.8
2.6
1997
6,521.0
2,996.7
2,911.5
261.3
85.3
3,524.3
46.0
2.8
1998
6,716.6
2,979.4
2,880.7
227.8
98.7
3,737.2
44.4
3.3
1999
6,925.3
3,088.0
2,986.5
225.2
101.4
3,837.4
44.6
3.3
2000
7,207.9
3,399.9
3,295.7
239.3
104.2
3,807.9
47.2
3.1
2001
7,327.0
3,431.1
3,301.1
258.5
130.1
3,895.9
46.8
3.8
2002
7,569.3
3,533.9
3,400.8
259.7
133.1
4,035.4
46.7
3.8
2003
7,710.3
3,680.1
3,546.1
260.4
134.0
4,030.1
47.7
3.6
2004
7,898.0
3,731.1
3,589.1
289.3
142.0
4,166.9
47.2
3.8
2005
8,083.7
3,712.5
3,574.8
227.8
137.7
4,371.1
45.9
3.7
2006
8,270.9
3,785.4
3,656.8
218.1
128.7
4,485.5
45.8
3.4
2007
8,461.7
3,926.0
3,791.0
247.0
135.0
4,535.7
46.4
3.4
2008
8,648.1
3,953.5
3,808.5
219.6
145.0
4,694.6
45.7
3.7
2009
8,835.9
4,097.2
3,941.6
229.3
155.6
4,738.8
46.4
3.8
2010
9,031.7
4,165.4
4,017.3
244.9
148.1
4,866.3
46.1
3.6
33
Jadual B3
Perangkaan utama tenaga buruh mengikut strata, Malaysia, 19822010
Table B3
Principal statistics of labour force by stratum, Malaysia, 19822010
Bandar
Urban
Umur bekerja
Working age
Tenaga buruh
Labour force
Bekerja
Employed
Guna tenaga tidak

penuh
Underemployed
Penganggur
Unemployed
Luar tenaga buruh

Kadar penyertaan
tenaga buruh
Labour force
participation rate
Kadar pengangguran
Unemployment rates
(%)
Tahun
Year
1982
3,126.4
2,033.1
1,968.1
78.1
65.1
1,093.3
65.0
3.2
1983
3,104.2
2,063.5
1,990.1
99.9
73.4
1,040.8
66.5
3.6
1984
3,301.7
2,130.9
2,028.9
133.8
102.1
1,170.7
64.5
4.8
1985
3,341.2
2,179.4
2,063.0
138.0
116.3
1,161.8
65.2
5.3
1986
3,306.2
2,157.5
1,996.5
179.2
161.0
1,148.7
65.3
7.5
1987
3,349.1
2,192.3
2,030.4
130.9
162.0
1,156.8
65.5
7.4
1988
3,422.1
2,243.1
2,088.8
170.2
154.3
1,179.1
65.5
6.9
1989
3,516.3
2,297.1
2,172.0
103.4
125.1
1,219.2
65.3
5.4
1990
3,517.7
2,325.4
2,225.7
96.1
99.7
1,192.3
66.1
4.3
1992
6,175.4
4,073.6
3,942.8
148.8
130.8
2,101.8
66.0
3.2
1993
6,326.9
4,228.7
4,068.8
209.8
159.9
2,098.2
66.8
3.8
1995
6,729.7
4,365.2
4,242.2
145.5
123.0
2,364.5
64.9
2.8
1996
6,985.7
4,610.4
4,506.7
155.6
103.7
2,375.3
66.0
2.2
1997
7,205.9
4,764.3
4,665.2
154.0
99.1
2,441.5
66.1
2.1
1998
7,424.9
4,775.3
4,624.0
155.4
151.3
2,649.6
64.3
3.2
1999
7,761.0
4,997.4
4,827.3
150.6
170.1
2,763.6
64.4
3.4
2000
7,894.8
5,174.6
5,027.8
155.1
146.8
2,720.2
65.5
2.8
2001
9,740.9
6,378.3
6,172.9
203.8
205.3
3,362.7
65.5
3.2
2002
10,074.9
6,516.8
6,300.8
184.4
215.9
3,558.2
64.7
3.3
2003
10,226.6
6,697.9
6,466.0
191.1
231.9
3,528.7
65.5
3.5
2004
10,506.7
6,828.8
6,604.1
251.9
224.7
3,677.9
65.0
3.3
2005
10,925.7
7,007.5
6,771.7
198.7
235.8
3,918.2
64.1
3.4
2006
11,167.4
7,131.1
6,900.9
178.8
230.1
4,036.3
63.9
3.2
2007
11,495.2
7,330.4
7,102.0
185.1
228.4
4,164.8
63.8
3.1
2008
11,822.4
7,502.1
7,265.1
189.3
237.0
4,320.3
63.5
3.2
2009
12,106.6
7,690.1
7,411.4
182.2
278.7
4,416.5
63.5
3.6
2010
12,358.6
7,824.4
7,571.6
202.6
252.8
4,534.2
63.3
3.2
34
Jadual B3
Perangkaan utama tenaga buruh mengikut strata, Malaysia, 19822010 (samb.)
Table B3
Principal statistics of labour force by stratum, Malaysia, 19822010 (cont'd)
Luar bandar
Rural
Umur bekerja
Working age
Tenaga buruh
Labour force
Bekerja
Employed
Guna tenaga tidak

penuh
Underemployed
Penganggur
Unemployed
Luar tenaga buruh

Kadar penyertaan
tenaga buruh
Labour force
participation rate
Kadar pengangguran
Unemployment rates
(%)
Tahun
Year
1982
5,249.6
3,398.3
3,280.9
323.8
117.4
1,851.3
64.7
3.5
1983
5,537.0
3,608.4
3,466.9
421.0
141.5
1,928.6
65.2
3.9
1984
5,680.5
3,731.6
3,537.8
527.8
193.8
1,948.9
65.7
5.2
1985
5,773.9
3,810.8
3,590.3
558.5
220.4
1,963.1
66.0
5.8
1986
6,104.2
4,064.6
3,763.7
610.2
300.9
2,039.6
66.6
7.4
1987
6,353.9
4,264.5
3,953.6
619.7
310.9
2,089.4
67.1
7.3
1988
6,516.4
4,394.0
4,068.4
690.4
325.6
2,122.5
67.4
7.4
1989
6,726.5
4,482.3
4,218.9
562.2
263.4
2,244.3
66.6
5.9
1990
7,002.2
4,674.8
4,459.3
503.0
215.5
2,327.5
66.8
4.6
1992
4,927.2
3,245.4
3,105.0
366.2
140.4
1,681.8
65.9
4.3
1993
5,248.2
3,471.4
3,314.5
443.5
156.9
1,776.8
66.1
4.5
1995
5,461.1
3,527.9
3,402.8
336.9
125.1
1,933.2
64.6
3.5
1996
6,009.3
4,005.6
3,892.5
401.3
113.1
2,003.7
66.7
2.8
1997
6,183.2
4,019.7
3,903.9
355.8
115.7
2,163.6
65.0
2.9
1998
6,392.7
4,108.3
3,975.7
331.5
132.7
2,284.4
64.3
3.2
1999
6,488.9
4,154.0
4,010.5
314.1
143.6
2,334.9
64.0
3.5
2000
6,726.4
4,381.5
4,241.4
336.3
140.1
2,344.9
65.1
3.2
2001
5,198.4
3,321.2
3,184.1
321.2
137.0
1,877.2
63.9
4.1
2002
5,285.0
3,369.4
3,241.8
332.3
127.6
1,915.6
63.8
3.8
2003
5,471.6
3,541.7
3,403.8
338.0
137.9
1,929.9
64.7
3.9
2004
5,570.0
3,517.4
3,375.4
347.4
142.0
2,052.7
63.1
4.0
2005
5,536.0
3,405.9
3,273.7
285.7
132.3
2,130.0
61.5
3.9
2006
5,666.7
3,497.9
3,374.4
293.1
123.4
2,168.8
61.7
3.5
2007
5,724.4
3,559.1
3,436.1
326.1
123.0
2,165.3
62.2
3.5
2008
5,781.4
3,526.0
3,394.5
281.3
131.5
2,255.4
61.0
3.7
2009
5,874.3
3,625.2
3,485.9
296.5
139.2
2,249.2
61.7
3.8
2010
6,014.5
3,692.8
3,557.8
301.4
135.0
2,321.7
61.4
3.7
35
Jadual B4
Table B4
Taburan peratus penduduk bekerja mengikut kumpulan etnik, Malaysia, 19822010

Percentage distribution of employed persons by ethnic group, Malaysia, 19822010
Malaysian citizens
Tahun
Year
Jumlah
Total
Jumlah
Total
Bumiputera
Cina
Chinese
India
Indians
Lain-lain
Others
Bukan
Warganegara
Malaysia
NonMalaysian
citizens
1982
100.0
97.4
51.0
33.4
8.7
4.3
2.6
1983
100.0
96.9
49.6
33.3
8.7
5.3
3.1
1984
100.0
96.4
52.2
32.7
8.8
2.8
3.6
1985
100.0
96.3
51.3
33.0
8.7
3.3
3.8
1986
100.0
96.5
52.9
32.9
8.5
2.2
3.5
1987
100.0
96.5
53.4
33.0
8.4
1.8
3.5
1988
100.0
96.1
53.2
32.6
8.5
1.9
3.9
1989
100.0
96.4
53.1
32.6
8.6
2.2
3.6
1990
100.0
96.4
53.0
32.5
8.5
2.4
3.6
1992
100.0
95.1
52.6
31.8
8.4
2.1
5.0
1993
100.0
94.0
54.7
28.7
7.9
2.8
6.0
1995
100.0
93.7
54.8
28.2
7.8
3.0
6.3
1996
100.0
89.3
52.4
26.6
7.4
2.9
10.7
1997
100.0
89.0
52.4
26.5
7.3
2.8
11.0
1998
100.0
88.4
52.3
26.0
7.2
2.9
11.6
1999
100.0
88.1
52.4
25.8
7.0
2.9
11.9
2000
100.0
90.0
55.5
26.1
7.4
1.0
10.1
2001
100.0
90.3
55.9
26.0
7.5
0.9
9.7
2002
100.0
90.3
56.1
25.8
7.5
0.9
9.8
2003
100.0
90.1
56.4
25.4
7.4
0.9
9.9
2004
100.0
90.2
56.0
26.0
7.3
0.9
9.8
2005
100.0
89.9
56.3
25.4
7.4
0.9
10.1
2006
100.0
90.1
56.5
25.3
7.4
0.9
9.9
2007
100.0
90.1
56.9
25.1
7.1
1.0
9.9
2008
100.0
90.2
57.3
24.9
7.1
0.9
9.8
2009
100.0
90.2
57.6
24.7
7.0
0.9
9.8
2010
100.0
90.3
58.3
24.1
6.8
1.1
9.7
36
Jadual B5
Table B5
Bilangan penduduk bekerja mengikut kumpulan umur, Malaysia, 19822010

Number of employed persons by age group, Malaysia, 19822010
Tahun
Year
Jumlah
Total
1519
2024
2529
3034
3539
4044
4549
5054
5559
6064
1982
5,249.0
582.9
999.8
856.1
712.9
550.3
507.4
390.3
314.0
196.4
138.9
1983
5,457.0
597.5
1,025.1
896.4
744.8
580.0
513.3
427.3
315.9
203.4
153.2
1984
5,566.7
540.5
1,044.2
935.5
779.5
629.4
514.6
451.0
315.9
208.8
147.3
1985
5,653.4
539.5
1,054.3
952.1
791.9
662.0
512.5
464.6
313.8
223.8
138.9
1986
5,760.1
542.3
1,047.6
964.7
825.0
685.2
518.8
471.7
334.6
228.2
142.0
1987
5,983.9
540.2
1,063.2
1,017.3
860.8
730.1
545.0
490.6
354.2
232.0
150.6
1988
6,157.2
560.6
1,080.7
1,033.5
887.6
748.3
575.7
495.5
385.4
233.9
156.0
1989
6,390.9
574.5
1,132.9
1,092.0
919.8
779.1
611.1
506.7
392.8
231.6
150.2
1990
6,685.0
625.5
1,187.3
1,138.8
967.7
799.7
658.0
495.6
417.8
230.8
163.9
1992
7,047.8
591.2
1,249.3
1,202.1
1,036.1
873.7
714.5
525.5
426.3
261.7
167.4
1993
7,383.4
611.0
1,224.5
1,216.5
1,138.2
970.8
790.0
563.6
439.9
269.7
159.2
1995
7,645.0
546.5
1,275.6
1,232.2
1,173.5
1,027.2
845.8
639.9
442.6
289.4
172.2
1996
8,399.3
624.8
1,441.1
1,366.0
1,250.3
1,120.4
910.8
706.4
481.8
305.3
192.4
1997
8,569.2
591.1
1,460.5
1,411.6
1,268.4
1,150.9
952.9
733.9
498.2
311.9
189.5
1998
8,599.6
524.8
1,408.8
1,430.4
1,278.8
1,171.4
984.0
764.8
525.1
312.4
199.1
1999
8,837.8
513.6
1,449.9
1,504.3
1,301.3
1,196.2
1,029.4
785.8
544.7
315.9
196.7
2000
9,269.2
551.5
1,488.5
1,507.7
1,380.9
1,234.1
1,086.5
884.9
586.3
337.0
211.7
2001
9,357.0
509.1
1,424.0
1,501.4
1,406.2
1,286.7
1,123.3
917.7
626.2
353.4
209.0
2002
9,542.6
480.3
1,413.5
1,532.6
1,416.7
1,308.4
1,149.4
988.5
663.8
368.5
220.8
2003
9,869.7
499.2
1,472.1
1,573.3
1,444.6
1,341.7
1,184.9
1,005.0
719.3
396.2
233.4
2004
9,979.5
483.9
1,396.4
1,599.2
1,472.4
1,369.8
1,208.3
1,036.8
760.1
416.2
236.6
2005
10,045.4
426.8
1,424.3
1,645.4
1,480.0
1,377.5
1,233.3
1,041.2
780.0
413.2
223.9
2006
10,275.4
407.2
1,461.2
1,690.5
1,502.9
1,393.8
1,258.3
1,068.9
812.7
437.1
242.8
2007
10,538.1
397.7
1,466.6
1,736.6
1,532.6
1,420.9
1,297.3
1,107.7
860.7
471.2
246.8
2008
10,659.6
393.3
1,475.9
1,776.7
1,557.1
1,421.5
1,313.1
1,119.7
872.7
476.8
252.8
2009
10,897.3
370.2
1,451.1
1,841.8
1,604.1
1,445.7
1,353.0
1,137.9
913.8
521.7
258.0
2010
11,129.4
375.4
1,433.7
1,861.4
1,652.1
1,483.7
1,366.5
1,199.1
934.0
552.9
270.6
37
Jadual B6
Bilangan penduduk bekerja mengikut taraf perkahwinan, Malaysia, 19822010
Table B6
Number of employed persons by marital status, Malaysia, 19822010
Tahun
Year
Jumlah1
Total
Belum pernah
berkawin
Never married
Berkahwin
Married
Balu/duda
Widowed
Bercerai/berpisah tetap
Divorced/permanently
separated
1982
5,249.0
1,794.4
3,247.4
143.2
63.9
1983
5,457.0
1,838.9
3,401.7
142.6
73.8
1984
5,566.7
1,875.9
3,473.1
146.9
70.9
1985
5,653.4
1,921.0
3,518.1
146.7
67.6
1986
5,760.1
1,954.6
3,595.4
140.4
69.8
1987
5,983.9
2,029.2
3,727.7
147.5
79.6
1988
6,157.2
2,098.4
3,834.3
141.8
82.6
1989
6,390.9
2,223.9
3,948.2
144.7
74.1
1990
6,685.0
2,389.5
4,069.8
149.2
75.4
1992
7,047.8
2,503.1
4,289.3
160.5
89.9
1993
7,383.4
2,506.4
4,639.9
156.9
80.2
1995
7,645.0
2,595.0
4,794.2
186.4
69.4
1996
8,399.3
2,860.4
5,264.0
194.6
79.6
1997
8,569.2
2,872.5
5,428.4
169.3
99.0
1998
8,599.6
2,860.2
5,449.9
186.6
102.9
1999
8,837.8
2,940.6
5,607.6
172.5
117.1
2000
9,269.2
3,128.6
5,846.4
185.6
108.6
2001
9,357.0
3,060.9
5,995.3
180.5
119.0
2002
9,542.6
3,106.5
6,118.5
190.9
126.7
2003
9,869.7
3,246.4
6,291.5
203.3
127.3
2004
9,979.5
3,239.9
6,399.7
203.4
136.0
2005
10,045.4
3,375.9
6,347.9
200.2
121.1
2006
10,275.4
3,430.1
6,513.9
196.3
135.1
2007
10,538.1
3,526.9
6,648.0
210.6
152.6
2008
10,659.6
3,591.0
6,690.3
208.9
167.6
2009
10,897.3
3,570.8
6,938.5
218.3
169.1
2010
11,129.4
3,579.5
7,140.7
225.0
184.1
Nota/Note:
1
Jumlah termasuk taraf perkahwinan "tidak diketahui"

Total includes "unknown" marital status
38
Jadual B7
Table B7
Bilangan penduduk bekerja mengikut pencapaian pendidikan, Malaysia, 19822010

Number of employed persons by educational attainment, Malaysia, 19822010
1
Tiada pendidikan
rasmi
No formal
education
Rendah
Primary
Menengah
Secondary
Tertiari
Tertiary
1982
5,249.0
830.7
2,237.5
1,861.9
318.2
1983
5,457.0
818.3
2,270.8
2,039.9
327.9
1984
5,566.7
829.1
2,213.1
2,167.8
356.7
1985
5,653.4
796.0
2,243.8
2,227.7
385.9
1986
5,760.1
759.0
2,232.9
2,340.1
428.1
1987
5,983.9
750.9
2,232.3
2,541.3
459.4
1988
6,157.2
726.9
2,292.7
2,654.6
483.0
1989
6,390.9
711.0
2,260.9
2,896.0
523.0
1990
6,685.0
657.6
2,311.0
3,129.2
587.3
1992
7,047.8
645.4
2,165.1
3,525.0
712.3
1993
7,383.4
615.6
2,280.4
3,737.1
750.3
1995
7,645.0
666.0
2,139.0
3,987.4
852.1
1996
8,399.3
662.4
2,391.1
4,341.9
1,003.8
1997
8,569.2
621.9
2,391.4
4,458.6
1,097.2
1998
8,599.6
604.4
2,358.9
4,505.3
1,131.0
1999
8,837.8
585.1
2,332.9
4,755.4
1,164.4
2000
9,269.2
521.8
2,336.9
5,071.7
1,338.7
2001
9,357.0
484.4
2,291.1
5,135.3
1,441.7
2002
9,542.6
509.6
2,279.6
5,163.3
1,588.4
2003
9,869.7
474.8
2,244.7
5,424.1
1,724.7
2004
9,979.5
472.1
2,199.9
5,469.2
1,832.2
2005
10,045.4
466.8
2,102.6
5,565.6
1,908.1
2006
10,275.4
393.0
2,131.7
5,774.3
1,975.2
2007
10,538.1
424.8
2,064.9
5,917.4
2,121.9
2008
10,659.6
474.7
1,978.4
5,961.8
2,244.7
2009
10,897.3
426.0
1,922.2
6,008.2
2,541.0
2010
11,129.4
401.9
1,861.1
6,178.9
2,687.5
Tahun
Year
Jumlah
Total
Nota/Note :
1
Jumlah termasuk angka pencapaian pendidikan "tidak diketahui"
Total includes "unknown" educational attainment
39
Jadual B8
Table B8
Bilangan penduduk bekerja mengikut sijil tertinggi diperoleh1, Malaysia, 19822010

Number of employed persons by highest certificate obtained, Malaysia, 19822010
Sijil
Certificate
Diploma
Tiada sijil
No certificate
Tidak berkenaan
Not applicable
469.2
619.7
49.8
137.0
91.1
7.9
3,052.0
821.8
5,457.0
496.8
698.3
57.4
135.3
86.6
10.7
3,165.2
806.7
1984
5,566.7
555.9
799.7
66.6
139.8
109.7
6.7
3,066.1
821.8
1985
5,653.4
532.0
826.9
70.7
150.8
120.2
9.5
3,156.9
785.7
1986
5,760.1
523.1
905.4
87.5
163.1
128.7
8.4
3,193.7
750.1
1987
5,983.9
578.2
968.4
105.6
165.0
139.1
7.1
3,277.1
743.3
1988
6,157.2
555.3
1,041.8
111.3
167.3
146.0
9.1
3,408.8
714.5
1989
6,390.9
570.6
1,187.5
141.7
188.4
148.8
4.1
3,443.2
706.4
1990
6,685.0
570.1
1,347.8
146.8
216.8
165.8
3.1
3,580.2
654.2
Ijazah
Degree
Jumlah
Total
Tahun
Year
Sijil agama
Religious certificate
STPM atau yang setaraf

STPM or equivalent
5,249.0
1983
PMR/SRP/LCE/SRA atau
yang setaraf
PMR/SRP/LCE/SRA or
equivalent
1982
SPM atau yang setaraf

SPM or equivalent
UPSR/UPSRA atau yang

setaraf
UPSR/UPSRA or equivalent
1992
7,047.8
918.6
1,610.6
229.2
242.9
210.2
3,190.6
645.3
1993
7,383.4
904.6
1,757.0
228.0
244.1
227.0
3,407.0
615.6
1995
7,645.0
1,067.9
1,968.4
267.5
306.4
256.7
3,106.3
666.0
1996
8,399.3
1,047.4
2,052.1
254.9
369.1
310.6
3,702.0
662.4
1997
8,569.2
1,113.1
2,223.5
277.2
417.6
341.7
3,573.9
621.9
1998
8,599.6
1,162.5
2,249.4
268.1
434.9
370.5
3,510.4
603.5
1999
8,837.8
1,201.7
2,493.7
271.2
446.2
407.4
3,432.1
584.9
2000
9,269.2
1,235.3
2,740.4
284.5
535.1
471.3
3,480.5
521.8
2001
9,357.0
1,256.5
2,847.9
283.5
564.5
533.9
3,382.2
484.4
2002
9,542.6
1,321.9
2,919.0
285.8
648.9
603.2
3,253.1
509.6
2003
9,869.7
1,353.5
3,117.5
298.0
717.0
655.2
3,251.9
474.8
2004
9,979.5
1,363.6
3,164.9
294.4
767.9
711.1
3,204.9
472.1
2005
10,045.4
1,415.8
3,348.9
290.1
840.7
733.5
2,949.4
466.8
2006
10,275.4
1,418.9
3,512.8
301.5
831.0
805.3
3,012.5
393.0
2007
10,538.1
1,453.1
3,655.3
323.9
241.6
743.3
784.9
2,888.9
447.0
2008
10,659.6
1,209.4
1,505.4
3,862.4
340.0
205.0
786.1
874.1
1,402.4
474.7
2009
10,897.3
1,366.4
1,509.2
3,970.6
354.8
234.4
908.8
1,003.8
1,123.5
426.0
2010
11,129.4
1,372.2
1,556.5
4,149.3
354.7
264.6
914.7
1,115.9
Nota/Notes :
1
Mulai 2008, sijil tertinggi diperoleh dikelaskan mengikut International Standard Classification of Education (ISCED)
Starting 2008, highest certificate obtained is classified according to the International Standard Classification of Education (ISCED)
Jumlah termasuk angka sijil tertinggi diperoleh "tidak diketahui"

Total includes "unknown" highest certificate obtained
Pecahan diantara diploma dan sijil bermula pada tahun 2007

Breakdown of diploma and certificate is available from 2007 onwards
Berdasarkan Banci Penduduk dan Perumahan 1991, kelas-kelas agama/sekolah pondok tidak termasuk dalam istilah pendidikan rasmi
Based on Population and Housing Census 1991, religious classes/'sekolah pondok' are excluded from formal education
40
999.8
401.6
Jadual B9 Bilangan dan taburan peratus penduduk bekerja mengikut pekerjaan, Malaysia, 19822000
Table B9 Number and percentage distribution of employed persons by occupation, Malaysia, 19822000
Tahun
Year
Jumlah
Total
5,249.0
375.7
111.5
493.4
510.5
573.2
1,655.3
100.0
7.2
2.1
9.4
9.7
10.9
31.5
29.1
1983
5,457.0
381.3
132.3
520.6
522.7
593.7
1,678.5
1,628.0
7.0
2.4
9.5
9.6
10.9
30.8
29.8
1984
5,566.7
409.8
115.4
541.3
600.0
638.1
1,694.1
1,567.7
7.4
2.1
9.7
10.8
11.5
30.4
28.2
1985
5,653.4
426.6
129.2
551.5
625.9
643.0
1,720.0
1,556.9
7.5
2.3
9.8
11.1
11.4
30.4
27.5
1986
5,760.1
449.0
140.4
544.9
638.5
686.6
1,757.2
1,543.6
7.8
2.4
9.5
11.1
11.9
30.5
26.8
1987
5,983.9
452.0
117.7
566.1
711.9
704.3
1,845.8
1,586.1
7.6
2.0
9.5
11.9
11.8
30.8
26.5
1988
6,157.2
454.1
127.9
574.4
728.1
728.3
1,892.5
1,651.7
7.4
2.1
9.3
11.8
11.8
30.7
26.8
1989
6,390.9
477.0
131.3
605.5
726.0
727.0
1,848.9
1,875.0
7.5
2.1
9.5
11.4
11.4
28.9
29.3
1990
6,685.0
519.8
144.8
655.6
758.7
762.6
1,750.7
2,092.8
7.8
2.2
9.8
11.3
11.4
26.2
31.3
1992
7,047.8
586.4
187.8
732.3
763.5
790.1
1,549.7
2,437.9
8.3
2.7
10.4
10.8
11.2
22.0
34.6
1993
7,383.4
639.5
219.9
789.2
771.8
879.0
1,576.0
2,508.0
8.7
3.0
10.7
10.5
11.9
21.3
34.0
1995
7,645.0
756.6
247.7
832.0
834.9
845.8
1,539.5
2,588.4
9.9
3.2
10.9
10.9
11.1
20.1
33.9
1996
8,399.3
838.0
298.2
905.8
935.7
943.1
1,644.8
2,833.6
10.0
3.6
10.8
11.1
11.2
19.6
33.7
1997
8,569.2
896.6
329.5
963.2
918.5
985.1
1,516.4
2,960.0
10.5
3.8
11.2
10.7
11.5
17.7
34.5
1998
8,599.6
913.1
346.2
946.9
937.5
1,007.9
1,632.6
2,815.4
10.6
4.0
11.0
10.9
11.7
19.0
32.7
1999
8,837.8
937.0
348.3
985.6
991.7
1,052.8
1,633.1
2,889.2
10.6
3.9
11.2
11.2
11.9
18.5
32.7
2000
9,269.2
1,020.4
391.9
1,012.5
1,044.8
1,189.3
1,569.3
3,040.9
11.0
4.2
10.9
11.3
12.8
16.9
32.8
1982
('000)
(%)
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
7
1,529.4
Nota/Note:
1
1



Pekerja jualan
Sales workers
Service workers

41
Jadual B10
Table B10
Bilangan dan taburan peratus penduduk bekerja mengikut pekerjaan, Malaysia, 20012010
Number and percentage distribution of employed persons by occupation , Malaysia, 20012010
Tahun
Year
2001
Jumlah
Total
('000)
(%)
2002
695.0
457.2
1,126.1
890.6
1,291.1
1,265.3
1,160.2
1,476.6
994.9
7.4
4.9
12.0
9.5
13.8
13.5
12.4
15.8
10.6
786.3
483.5
1,194.6
890.3
1,307.7
1,260.8
1,168.1
1,373.0
1,078.2
8.2
5.1
12.5
9.3
13.7
13.2
12.2
14.4
11.3
793.5
530.3
1,219.9
937.8
1,399.4
1,249.8
1,235.6
1,420.7
1,082.6
8.0
5.4
12.4
9.5
14.2
12.7
12.5
14.4
11.0
859.3
561.3
1,211.6
931.2
1,479.7
1,292.8
1,165.2
1,409.2
1,068.5
8.6
5.6
12.1
9.3
14.8
13.0
11.7
14.1
10.7
777.4
555.1
1,266.8
992.3
1,483.7
1,268.6
1,145.5
1,427.5
1,128.3
7.7
5.5
12.6
9.9
14.8
12.6
11.4
14.2
11.2
829.6
565.9
1,307.5
968.3
1,597.1
1,335.9
1,154.8
1,408.0
1,108.4
8.1
5.5
12.7
9.4
15.5
13.0
11.2
13.7
10.8
770.4
596.8
1,400.5
1,029.5
1,705.6
1,355.3
1,133.2
1,347.4
1,199.3
7.3
5.7
13.3
9.8
16.2
12.9
10.8
12.8
11.4
10,659.6
748.8
613.7
1,496.4
1,053.4
1,776.1
1,271.3
1,153.8
1,344.1
1,202.0
100.0
7.0
5.8
14.0
9.9
16.7
11.9
10.8
12.6
11.3
10,897.3
822.9
684.6
1,560.0
1,086.6
1,869.1
1,255.7
1,132.9
1,242.7
1,242.9
100.0
7.6
6.3
14.3
10.0
17.2
11.5
10.4
11.4
11.4
11,129.4
837.5
706.4
1,644.0
1,132.8
1,874.5
1,259.9
1,167.8
1,312.3
1,194.1
100.0
7.5
6.4
14.8
10.2
16.8
11.3
10.5
11.8
10.7
9,357.0
100.0
9,542.6
100.0
2003
9,869.7
100.0
2004
9,979.5
100.0
2005
10,045.4
100.0
2006
10,275.4
100.0
2007
10,538.1
100.0
2008
2009
2010

3
Nota/Note:
1
Pekerjaan dikelaskan mengikut klasifikasi "Piawaian Pengelasan Pekerjaan, Malaysia (MASCO) 1998". Kategori pekerjaan adalah seperti
berikut:
Occupation is classified according to the "Malaysia Standard Classification of Occupations (MASCO) 1998" . Category of occupation
are as follows:
Penggubal undang-undang, pegawai kanan dan pengurus
1
Legislators, senior officials and managers
2
Profesional
Professionals
Juruteknik dan profesional bersekutu

Technicians and associate professionals
Pekerja perkeranian
Clerical workers
Pekerja perkhidmatan dan pekerja kedai dan jurujual

Service workers and shop and market sales workers
Pekerja mahir pertanian dan perikanan

Skilled agricultural and fishery workers
Pekerja pertukangan dan yang berkaitan

Craft and related trade workers
Operator loji dan mesin serta pemasang

Plant and machine-operators and assemblers
Pekerjaan asas
Elementary occupations
42
Jadual B11 Bilangan dan taburan peratus penduduk bekerja mengikut industri, Malaysia, 19822000
Table B11
Number and percentage distribution of employed persons by industry, Malaysia, 19822000

Tahun
Year
1982
1983
Jumlah
Total
('000)
(%)
I
1,046.7
5,249.0
1,635.8
51.7
816.0
34.9
377.5
860.9
223.1
202.1
100.0
31.2
1.0
15.5
0.7
7.2
16.4
4.3
3.8
19.9
5,457.0
1,670.9
55.1
894.1
39.3
425.6
897.3
235.9
197.7
1,040.3
100.0
30.6
1.0
16.4
0.7
7.8
16.4
4.3
3.6
19.1
1984
5,566.7
1,695.0
46.5
858.4
32.9
428.0
956.6
242.8
200.5
1,104.1
100.0
30.4
0.8
15.4
0.6
7.7
17.2
4.4
3.6
19.8
1985
5,653.4
1,717.4
44.4
850.4
31.5
419.4
994.3
244.3
218.9
1,131.8
100.0
30.4
0.8
15.0
0.6
7.4
17.6
4.3
3.9
20.0
1986
5,760.1
1,764.5
40.6
874.0
32.4
369.4
1,035.1
242.0
234.6
1,166.9
100.0
30.6
0.7
15.2
0.6
6.4
18.0
4.2
4.1
20.3
1987
5,983.9
1,846.4
33.0
928.9
35.9
336.3
1,091.7
252.0
241.6
1,217.5
100.0
30.9
0.6
15.5
0.6
5.6
18.2
4.2
4.0
20.3
1988
6,157.2
1,883.8
30.7
978.1
41.3
339.9
1,112.6
265.1
229.4
1,275.4
100.0
30.6
0.5
15.9
0.7
5.5
18.1
4.3
3.7
20.7
1989
6,390.9
1,832.5
33.1
1,171.1
40.6
376.9
1,143.9
277.6
253.2
1,261.5
100.0
28.7
0.5
18.3
0.6
5.9
17.9
4.3
4.0
19.7
1990
6,685.0
1,737.6
36.8
1,332.8
46.7
423.9
1,217.8
301.9
258.4
1,328.8
100.0
26.0
0.6
19.9
0.7
6.3
18.2
4.5
3.9
19.9
1992
7,047.8
1,535.8
36.3
1,639.6
45.9
506.7
1,254.5
326.2
299.8
1,403.0
100.0
21.8
0.5
23.3
0.7
7.2
17.8
4.6
4.3
19.9
1993
7,383.4
1,558.6
37.6
1,726.9
60.3
538.8
1,266.2
344.0
330.1
1,520.9
100.0
21.1
0.5
23.4
0.8
7.3
17.1
4.7
4.5
20.6
1995
7,645.0
1,526.7
32.5
1,780.5
48.0
611.3
1,370.7
359.2
363.7
1,552.0
100.0
20.0
0.4
23.3
0.6
8.0
17.9
4.7
4.8
20.3
1996
8,399.3
1,626.2
35.0
1,912.1
44.1
716.5
1,566.7
400.7
412.0
1,686.0
100.0
19.4
0.4
22.8
0.5
8.5
18.7
4.8
4.9
20.1
1997
8,569.2
1,481.3
38.5
2,002.5
50.9
793.0
1,577.9
423.3
447.2
1,754.4
100.0
17.3
0.4
23.4
0.6
9.3
18.4
4.9
5.2
20.5
1998
8,599.6
1,616.5
28.4
1,907.8
50.0
745.9
1,616.0
421.7
425.8
1,787.4
100.0
18.8
0.3
22.2
0.6
8.7
18.8
4.9
5.0
20.8
1999
8,837.8
1,623.7
37.8
1,990.7
50.2
722.8
1,660.6
420.3
466.2
1,865.4
100.0
18.4
0.4
22.5
0.6
8.2
18.8
4.8
5.3
21.1
2000
9,269.2
1,552.4
27.7
2,174.2
49.3
759.9
1,787.2
433.9
474.3
2,010.3
100.0
16.7
0.3
23.5
0.5
8.2
19.3
4.7
5.1
21.7
Nota/Note:
1
Industry is classified according to the "Malaysia Industrial Classification, (Updated) 1972" . Category of industry are as follows:
A

C
Pembuatan
Manufacturing

Pembinaan
Construction
G

Perkhidmatan kewangan, insurans, hartanah dan perniagaan


43
Jadual B12
Table B12
Bilangan dan taburan peratus penduduk bekerja mengikut industri, Malaysia, 20012009
Tahun
Year
2001
Jumlah
Total
('000)
(%)
2002
2003

A
H
585.1
9,357.0
1,288.2
127.5
26.7
2,184.1
57.3
829.8
1,458.1
100.0
13.8
1.4
0.3
23.3
0.6
8.9
15.6
6.3
616.1
9,542.6
1,316.8
107.7
27.5
2,068.9
50.6
905.1
1,497.0
100.0
13.8
1.1
0.3
21.7
0.5
9.5
15.7
6.5
1,592.2
644.2
9,869.7
1,301.2
107.0
29.5
2,131.0
57.6
942.5
100.0
13.2
1.1
0.3
21.6
0.6
9.5
16.1
6.5
2004
9,979.5
1,326.5
126.1
34.7
2,023.0
57.9
890.8
1,607.2
698.2
100.0
13.3
1.3
0.3
20.3
0.6
8.9
16.1
7.0
2005
10,045.4
1,355.2
115.2
36.1
1,989.3
56.6
904.4
1,620.3
671.8
100.0
13.5
1.1
0.4
19.8
0.6
9.0
16.1
6.7
2006
10,275.4
1,375.3
128.2
42.0
2,082.8
75.4
908.9
1,650.5
721.3
100.0
13.4
1.2
0.4
20.3
0.7
8.8
16.1
7.0
2007
10,538.1
1,437.3
120.9
39.4
1,977.3
60.8
922.5
1,712.1
760.7
100.0
13.6
1.1
0.4
18.8
0.6
8.8
16.2
7.2
2008
10,659.6
1,365.6
122.1
54.5
1,944.7
60.5
998.0
1,729.4
783.6
100.0
12.8
1.2
0.5
18.2
0.6
9.4
16.2
7.4
10,897.3
1,349.6
121.5
62.7
1,807.1
58.1
1,015.9
1,831.8
800.5
100.0
12.4
1.1
0.6
16.6
0.5
9.3
16.8
7.3
2009
Kategori industri (samb.)/Category of industry 1 (cont'd)
Tahun
Year
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
('000)
(%)
468.3
225.3
348.6
664.6
508.6
173.3
190.4
219.9
1.2
5.0
2.4
3.7
7.1
5.4
1.9
2.0
2.4
0.0
496.8
240.5
397.1
663.6
508.6
189.3
192.5
262.7
2.0
5.2
2.5
4.2
7.0
5.3
2.0
2.0
2.8
0.0
481.6
223.4
404.2
666.5
594.3
217.3
216.1
258.0
3.2
4.9
2.3
4.1
6.8
6.0
2.2
2.2
2.6
0.0
532.9
236.1
458.5
684.3
610.7
198.2
231.3
260.9
2.2
5.3
2.4
4.6
6.9
6.1
2.0
2.3
2.6
0.0
544.7
247.4
459.0
728.5
607.1
212.6
234.9
260.6
1.7
5.4
2.5
4.6
7.3
6.0
2.1
2.3
2.6
0.0
539.7
242.3
508.4
674.1
600.1
223.2
247.1
254.7
1.2
5.3
2.4
4.9
6.6
5.8
2.2
2.4
2.5
0.0
538.2
282.2
558.1
716.1
632.7
238.9
266.5
272.7
1.7
5.1
2.7
5.3
6.8
6.0
2.3
2.5
2.6
0.0
583.4
276.0
553.2
751.1
656.5
252.6
274.2
253.0
1.1
5.5
2.6
5.2
7.1
6.2
2.4
2.6
2.4
0.0
592.0
271.5
601.9
813.9
731.4
271.7
303.3
262.5
1.7
5.4
2.5
5.5
7.5
6.7
2.5
2.8
2.4
0.0
Nota/Note :
1
Industri dikelaskan mengikut "Piawaian Klasifikasi Industri Malaysia (MSIC) 2000". Keterangan kategori industri adalah seperti di muka surat 60 dan 61
Industry is classified according to the " Malaysia Standard Industrial Classification (MSIC) 2000 " . Category of industry is described on page 60 dan 61
44
Jadual B13
Table B13
Bilangan dan taburan peratus penduduk bekerja mengikut industri, Malaysia, 2010
Industri1
Industry
Bilangan
Number
('000)
Peratus
Percentage
(%)
Jumlah
11,129.4
100.0
1,475.1
13.3
55.3
0.5
1,879.7
16.9
51.4
0.5
62.3
0.6
1,019.0
9.1
1,806.5
16.2
531.1
4.8
810.7
7.3
161.9
1.4
305.2
2.7
55.9
0.5
265.4
2.4
328.8
3.0
772.1
6.9
771.7
6.9
276.2
2.5
87.8
0.8
174.6
1.6
236.6
2.1
2.3
0.0
Total
Pertanian, perhutanan dan perikanan
Agriculture, forestry and fishing
Pembuatan
Manufacturing
Bekalan elektrik, gas, wap dan pendingin udara
Electricity, gas, steam and air conditioning supply
Bekalan air; pembentungan, pengurusan sisa dan aktiviti pemulihan
Water supply; sewerage, waste management and remediation activities
Pembinaan
Construction
Perdagangan borong dan runcit, pembaikan kenderaan bermotor dan motosikal
Wholesale and retail trade, repair of motor vehicles and motorcycles
Penginapan dan aktiviti perkhidmatan makanan dan minuman
Accommodation and food service activities
Financial and insurance/takaful activities
Aktiviti hartanah
Real estate activities
Aktiviti profesional, saintifik dan teknikal
Professional, scientific and technical activities
Aktiviti pentadbiran dan khidmat sokongan
Administrative and support service activities
Pentadbiran awam dan pertahanan; aktiviti keselamatan sosial wajib
Public administration and defence; compulsory social security
Pendidikan
Education
Aktiviti kesihatan kemanusiaan dan kerja sosial
Human health and social work activities
Other service activities
Activities of households as employers
Aktiviti badan dan pertubuhan luar wilayah
Activities of extraterritorial organizations and bodies
Nota/Note :
1
Industri dikelaskan mengikut "Piawaian Klasifikasi Industri Malaysia (MSIC) 2008"
Industry is classified according to the "Malaysia Standard Industrial Classification (MSIC) 2008"
45
Jadual B14
Table B14
Bilangan penganggur mengikut strata, Malaysia, 19822010

Number of unemployed persons by stratum, Malaysia, 19822010
Tahun
Year
Jumlah
Total
Bandar
Urban
Luar bandar
Rural
1982
182.4
65.1
117.4
1983
214.9
73.4
141.5
1984
295.8
102.1
193.8
1985
336.8
116.3
220.4
1986
461.9
161.0
300.7
1987
472.9
162.0
310.9
1988
479.8
154.3
325.6
1989
388.5
125.1
263.4
1990
315.2
99.7
215.5
1992
271.2
130.8
140.4
1993
316.8
159.9
156.9
1995
248.1
123.0
125.1
1996
216.8
103.7
113.1
1997
214.9
99.1
115.8
1998
284.0
151.3
132.7
1999
313.7
170.1
143.6
2000
286.9
146.8
140.1
2001
342.4
205.3
137.0
2002
343.5
215.9
127.6
2003
369.8
231.9
137.9
2004
366.6
224.7
142.0
2005
368.1
235.8
132.3
2006
353.6
230.1
123.4
2007
351.4
228.4
123.0
2008
368.5
237.0
131.5
2009
418.0
278.7
139.2
2010
387.9
252.8
135.0
46
Jadual B15
Table B15
Taburan peratus penganggur mengikut kumpulan etnik, Malaysia, 19822010

Percentage distribution of unemployed by ethnic group, Malaysia, 19822010
Tahun
Year
1982
Jumlah
Total
Malaysian citizens
Jumlah
Total
Bumiputera
Cina
Chinese
India
Indians
Lain-lain
Others
Bukan
warganegara
Malaysia
NonMalaysian
citizens
100.0
98.8
59.6
23.9
10.5
4.8
1.2
1983
100.0
97.1
57.9
24.2
9.5
5.5
2.9
1984
100.0
97.5
61.9
24.1
9.6
2.0
2.5
1985
100.0
97.4
58.8
26.1
9.1
3.5
2.6
1986
100.0
97.9
56.3
30.3
8.9
2.5
2.1
1987
100.0
97.6
59.2
27.5
8.7
2.2
2.4
1988
100.0
98.6
60.2
27.0
9.2
2.2
1.4
1989
100.0
97.7
63.7
23.1
8.2
2.8
2.3
1990
100.0
97.7
66.2
19.8
7.7
4.1
2.3
1992
100.0
97.7
63.5
22.5
8.2
3.6
2.3
1993
100.0
97.0
64.2
20.8
8.3
3.7
3.0
1995
100.0
96.1
66.2
19.2
7.9
2.8
3.9
1996
100.0
93.9
64.6
18.7
6.5
4.0
6.1
1997
100.0
93.7
65.7
15.9
6.5
5.6
6.4
1998
100.0
94.8
61.5
22.3
7.0
4.1
5.3
1999
100.0
94.3
60.8
20.6
8.5
4.4
5.7
2000
100.0
95.2
63.5
22.3
7.9
1.4
4.8
2001
100.0
96.2
67.2
18.5
9.0
1.5
3.8
2002
100.0
96.0
67.6
18.4
9.0
1.1
4.0
2003
100.0
96.9
65.8
20.2
9.7
1.2
3.1
2004
100.0
95.9
68.3
16.8
7.6
3.2
4.1
2005
100.0
96.1
69.9
17.0
8.2
1.1
3.9
2006
100.0
95.7
68.8
16.8
8.9
1.3
4.3
2007
100.0
96.1
69.4
16.8
8.9
1.0
3.9
2008
100.0
95.6
65.4
19.1
9.8
1.2
4.4
2009
100.0
95.9
64.5
19.9
10.4
1.1
4.1
2010
100.0
94.9
67.2
17.7
8.8
1.3
5.1
(%)
47
Jadual B16 Bilangan penganggur mengikut kumpulan umur, Malaysia, 19822010

Table B16 Number of unemployed persons by age group, Malaysia, 19822010
Tahun
Year
Jumlah
Total
1519
2024
2529
3034
3539
4044
4549
5054
5559
6064
1982
182.4
79.7
62.5
15.8
5.6
5.0
4.1
3.0
2.5
2.7
1.6
1983
214.9
87.3
70.4
22.5
8.3
5.8
4.0
5.1
4.3
4.4
2.8
1984
295.8
117.6
102.3
24.4
13.4
9.4
7.0
6.8
5.5
5.8
3.7
1985
336.8
123.3
117.9
32.7
17.5
11.9
8.7
8.5
6.5
5.7
4.0
1986
461.9
155.8
164.1
50.9
27.6
18.4
11.9
11.3
9.4
8.0
4.5
1987
472.9
167.7
165.0
51.0
24.3
16.3
13.9
12.8
9.2
8.3
4.6
1988
479.8
168.1
177.2
50.4
26.2
17.8
12.4
10.3
7.5
7.3
2.6
1989
388.5
140.0
135.0
44.4
19.2
12.8
8.7
8.3
9.0
6.8
4.4
1990
315.2
123.0
105.1
34.7
16.9
8.8
8.2
5.9
4.9
4.4
3.2
1992
271.2
102.8
88.4
30.3
14.1
9.3
6.5
6.5
5.3
4.5
3.6
1993
316.8
126.2
95.8
36.6
16.4
12.2
7.1
5.3
7.9
6.7
2.4
1995
248.1
96.0
83.6
27.2
12.4
8.0
6.1
4.4
4.0
3.4
3.2
1996
216.8
75.4
71.7
26.1
11.1
9.1
6.3
5.6
4.3
5.0
2.2
1997
214.9
77.8
76.2
24.3
9.5
7.2
6.8
2.9
4.3
3.8
2.0
1998
284.0
78.6
104.8
38.1
18.0
11.8
12.9
8.2
5.4
3.4
2.7
1999
313.7
99.0
111.6
34.0
18.2
14.9
10.8
11.2
6.1
5.9
2.2
2000
286.9
86.0
100.3
36.0
15.0
16.3
10.9
8.3
6.7
4.6
2.8
2001
342.4
108.9
117.3
39.5
23.2
14.1
12.8
8.6
7.9
5.7
4.3
2002
343.5
100.8
127.2
40.6
18.6
15.6
12.1
10.6
8.4
5.9
3.8
2003
369.8
97.8
142.8
45.0
25.7
14.9
13.1
11.6
9.6
5.4
4.0
2004
366.6
94.9
154.5
46.3
18.8
15.8
11.9
8.8
7.6
3.8
4.3
2005
368.1
92.9
152.6
52.2
21.7
13.6
11.8
11.8
6.3
3.0
2.1
2006
353.6
77.2
151.0
55.4
20.2
15.1
9.7
10.8
7.6
5.0
1.4
2007
351.4
78.7
149.2
56.8
19.9
13.0
10.6
9.3
9.2
2.4
2.2
2008
368.5
85.5
143.6
54.7
21.2
16.4
15.1
12.9
9.8
5.9
3.2
2009
418.0
82.2
163.7
63.9
28.4
18.7
16.8
18.8
13.0
8.3
4.3
2010
387.9
77.4
154.0
65.6
24.5
17.7
15.2
11.9
9.4
8.4
3.8
48
Jadual B17
Table B17
Bilangan penganggur mengikut pencapaian pendidikan, Malaysia, 19822010

Number of unemployed persons by educational attainment, Malaysia,19822010
Jumlah1
Total
Tiada
pendidikan
rasmi
No formal
education
Rendah
Primary
Menengah
Secondary
Tertiari
Tertiary
1982
182.4
7.8
39.6
121.5
13.6
1983
214.9
12.1
56.4
131.1
15.2
1984
295.8
19.9
69.4
184.4
22.1
1985
336.8
19.8
79.3
209.4
28.3
1986
461.9
21.5
115.9
286.1
38.4
1987
472.9
25.8
105.8
300.1
41.2
1988
479.8
16.6
99.7
320.2
43.3
1989
388.5
19.2
75.2
257.8
36.3
1990
315.2
14.2
54.5
218.1
28.4
1992
271.2
14.5
50.6
182.5
23.7
1993
316.8
10.9
62.2
217.5
26.1
1995
248.1
10.8
40.9
174.4
22.1
1996
216.8
11.4
41.4
142.7
21.3
1997
214.9
10.5
37.3
142.5
24.6
1998
284.0
9.4
45.5
192.9
36.2
1999
313.7
7.6
47.7
214.5
44.0
2000
286.9
10.0
43.8
189.3
43.7
2001
342.4
9.6
46.0
236.0
50.5
2002
343.5
13.6
46.4
220.5
63.0
2003
369.8
13.4
45.7
240.9
69.8
2004
366.6
11.1
48.7
230.2
76.6
2005
368.1
9.5
42.2
229.6
86.8
2006
353.6
10.7
41.0
215.1
86.7
2007
351.4
7.7
39.0
216.5
88.2
2008
368.5
14.2
38.2
224.6
91.4
2009
418.0
13.0
48.3
253.9
102.9
2010
387.9
14.5
38.9
233.2
101.2
Tahun
Year
Nota/Note:
1
Jumlah termasuk angka pencapaian pendidikan "tidak diketahui"
Total includes "unknown" educational attainment
49
1
Jadual B18 Bilangan penganggur mengikut sijil tertinggi diperoleh , Malaysia, 19822010
Table B18 Number of unemployed persons by highest certificate obtained, Malaysia, 19822010
Tahun
Year
Jumlah2
Total
UPSR/UPSRA atau yang

setaraf
UPSR/UPSRA or
equivalent
PMR/SRP/LCE/SRA atau
yang setaraf
PMR/SRP/LCE/SRA or
equivalent
SPM atau yang setaraf

SPM or equivalent
STPM atau yang setaraf

STPM or equivalent
Sijil3
Certificate
Diploma
Ijazah
Degree
Tiada sijil
No certificate
Tidak berkenaan
Not applicable
1982
182.4
33.2
51.3
3.0
1.0
2.7
83.5
7.7
1983
214.9
31.9
51.8
4.3
1.8
3.6
109.2
11.8
1984
295.8
49.4
69.7
5.7
3.3
4.8
143.1
19.6
1985
336.8
55.7
78.3
7.1
4.4
6.4
165.1
19.5
1986
461.9
67.3
112.3
11.8
5.5
7.3
236.2
21.3
1987
472.9
64.9
113.0
14.9
8.0
8.2
238.3
25.4
1988
479.8
65.9
132.0
15.7
6.4
6.4
236.9
16.4
1989
388.5
54.7
102.3
13.4
8.3
7.1
183.6
19.2
1990
315.2
45.2
95.7
10.8
5.5
3.6
140.2
14.2
1992
271.2
43.7
73.1
12.0
3.9
4.8
119.3
14.5
1993
316.8
58.6
85.4
12.6
4.1
5.3
139.8
10.9
1995
248.1
46.3
82.7
9.3
4.0
5.7
89.3
10.8
1996
216.8
38.3
60.7
7.6
5.7
4.5
88.6
11.4
1997
214.9
36.7
72.2
9.2
6.9
5.4
74.0
10.5
1998
284.0
50.9
91.2
10.8
12.1
12.0
97.6
9.4
1999
313.7
55.8
109.0
10.2
17.5
13.1
100.6
7.6
2000
286.9
45.3
105.3
9.7
17.9
14.9
83.7
10.0
2001
342.4
58.7
130.9
11.0
17.9
18.9
95.2
9.6
2002
343.5
48.0
136.4
12.4
25.4
22.2
85.6
13.6
2003
369.8
53.7
151.6
11.2
30.8
26.0
83.1
13.4
2004
366.6
52.4
142.7
10.4
41.2
22.7
86.1
11.1
2005
368.1
44.4
154.8
20.0
37.7
25.3
76.4
9.5
2006
353.6
45.8
146.0
18.5
34.6
31.1
66.8
10.7
2007
351.4
41.8
146.6
19.0
13.7
25.6
27.9
68.6
8.2
2008
368.5
38.6
44.8
158.1
19.2
15.6
26.4
27.7
23.9
14.2
2009
418.0
44.6
54.5
179.9
17.9
17.3
32.2
30.9
27.7
13.0
2010
387.9
41.7
49.6
164.6
17.5
15.0
31.7
33.8
19.5
14.5
Nota/Notes :
1
Mulai 2008, sijil tertinggi diperoleh dikelaskan mengikut International Standard Classification of Education (ISCED)
Starting 2008, highest certificate obtained is classified according to the International Standard Classification of Education (ISCED)
Jumlah termasuk angka sijil tertinggi diperoleh "tidak diketahui"

Total includes "unknown" highest certificate obtained
Pecahan diploma dan sijil bermula pada tahun 2007

Breakdown of diploma and certificate is available from 2007 onwards
50
NOTA TEKNIKAL
TECHNICAL NOTES
NOTA TEKNIKAL
TECHNICAL NOTES
1. Objektif Penyiasatan
1. Objectives of the survey
Penyiasatan Tenaga Buruh (PTB) yang
The Labour Force Survey (LFS) conducted
dijalankan
oleh
by the Department of Statistics, Malaysia
Malaysia
adalah
Jabatan
Perangkaan
bertujuan
untuk
aims to obtain estimates of labour force,
mendapatkan anggaran tenaga buruh,
employment and unemployment of the
guna tenaga dan pengangguran bagi
population as economic indicators.
keseluruhan penduduk sebagai indikator

ekonomi.
2. Coverage and scope
2. Liputan dan skop

Penduduk
yang
diliputi
dalam
The populations covered in this survey are
penyiasatan ini adalah terdiri daripada
those
penduduk
Malaysia
yang
tinggal
di
tempat
kediaman persendirian di Malaysia dan
living
in
private
excluding
residences
those
living
in
in
institutions such as hostels and others.
tidak termasuk orang yang tinggal di

institusi-institusi seperti asrama dan lainlain.
Hanya siswazah yang ditemui di tempat
The survey covers only graduates living in
kediaman terpilih sahaja yang diliputi
selected living quarters. Thus, LFS is not a
dalam penyiasatan ini. Dengan kata lain,
survey specifically on graduates which
PTB bukan merupakan kajian khusus bagi
can provide a comprehensive profile
siswazah yang dapat memberikan profil
especially
among
siswazah secara komprehensif terutama
graduates.
The
dikalangan
unemployed graduates represent only a
maklumat
penganggur.
Sebaliknya,
penganggur
siswazah
portion
of
the
the
data
unemployed
from
LFS
characteristics
on
of
daripada PTB hanya merupakan salah
unemployed graduates obtained through
satu
the variable highest certificate obtained.
ciri
pembolehubah
penganggur
sijil
tertinggi
melalui
yang
diperoleh.
51
3.
Sampling design
Reka bentuk pensampelan berstrata dua
stratified
peringkat telah digunakan. Terdapat dua
adopted.
peringkat strata iaitu:
stratification, that is:
Strata utama - Terdiri daripada negeri-
Primary stratum
3. Reka bentuk pensampelan
two-stage
There
are
levels
of
states in Malaysia.
Strata kedua - Terdiri daripada strata

dan
two
was
- made up of the
negeri di Malaysia.
bandar
sample
Secondary stratum - made up of the
luar
urban
and
rural
bandar yang dibentuk
and formed within
di dalam strata utama.
the
primary
stratum.
Sampel-sampel telah dipilih secara bebas
Samples are drawn independently within
bagi setiap peringkat pada strata kedua.
each level of the secondary stratum. The
Unit-unit pensampelan peringkat pertama
first stage units of sample selection are the
ialah blok penghitungan (BP), sementara
enumeration blocks (EBs) while the second
unit-unit peringkat kedua ialah tempat
stage units are the living quarters (LQs)
kediaman (TK) di dalam BP tersebut. TK
within the EBs. All households and persons
terpilih meliputi kesemua isi rumah dan
within the selected LQs are canvassed. At
orang yang tinggal di dalamnya. Di
every stage of selection, the units are
setiap peringkat pemilihan, unit-unit telah
selected
dipilih
probability
secara
sistematik
dengan
kebarangkalian yang sama dalam strata
systematically
within
each
with
level
equal
of
the
secondary stratum.
kedua.
Saiz
sampel
bagi
PTB
boleh
dirujuk
The sample size of the LFS can be referred
daripada Laporan Penyiasatan Tenaga
in
Buruh, Malaysia yang diterbitkan setiap
Malaysia which is published annually.
tahun.
52
the
Labour
Force
Survey
Report,
4. Estimation procedures
4. Prosedur menganggar
Teknik
anggaran
nisbah
bergabung
The combined ratio estimated method
(wajaran yang disesuaikan1 dan faktor
(adjusted weight1 and population factor2)
penduduk2)
was used to obtain the estimate of a
digunakan
mendapatkan
anggaran
untuk
sesuatu
ciri
specific
characteristic
in
the
survey
tertentu bagi populasi penyiasatan. Faktor
population. Population factor uses mid-
penduduk
year population estimates by age group,
menggunakan
anggaran
penduduk pertengahan tahun mengikut
sex, ethnic and state as benchmarks.
kumpulan umur, jantina, etnik dan negeri

sebagai penanda aras.
5. Concepts and definition
5. Konsep dan definisi

Definisi
yang
Penyiasatan
diterimapakai
Tenaga
Buruh
dalam
The definition used in the Labour Force
adalah
Survey is based on the guidelines of the
berdasarkan garis panduan International
International Labour Organisation (ILO).
Labour Organisation (ILO).

Umur bekerja merujuk kepada mereka
Working age refers to those who are
yang berumur 15 hingga 64 tahun (dalam
between 15 to 64 years age group (in
tahun genap pada hari lahir terakhir)
completed years at last birthday) during
semasa
ada
the reference week, and who are either in
berada di dalam tenaga buruh atau di
the labour force or outside the labour
luar tenaga buruh.
force.
_________________________________________
_________________________________________
minggu
rujukan,
sama
Mulai tahun 2004, wajaran yang disesuaikan
digunakan bagi mengambil kira kes tidak respon.

2
Starting 2004, adjusted weight is used to take into
account the non-response cases.
Dalam reka bentuk pensampelan berperingkat,
In two-stage sampling design, the sample size is a
saiz sampel adalah pembolehubah rawak dan
random variable and aggregates directly estimated
jumlah
from the survey
aggregat
penyiasatan
yang
boleh
dianggar
daripada
ralat
External weight is used to minimise sampling error
external
and in Labour Force Survey the external weight is the
ralat
population factor. The population factor is obtained
pensampelan dan dalam Penyiasatan Tenaga
through up-to-date estimates of population totals
Buruh, wajaran external yang digunakan ialah faktor
which is used to inflate the various rates and ratios
penduduk.
estimated from the survey.
pensampelan
yang
digunakan
untuk
Faktor
menghasilkan
can have large sampling errors.
tinggi.
Wajaran
meminimumkan
penduduk
diperoleh
melalui
anggaran terkini jumlah penduduk di mana ianya

digunakan untuk mengubahsuai kadar dan nisbah
yang dianggarkan daripada penyiasatan.
53
PTB
menggunakan
pendekatan
taraf
The LFS uses the actual status approach,
sebenar di mana seseorang itu dikelaskan
where a person is classified on the basis of
berasaskan kegiatannya dalam tenaga
his
buruh
semasa
reference week. The activity status is
aktiviti
ini terbahagi kepada
minggu
rujukan.
Taraf
kategori
labour
force
activity
during
the
categorised as follows:
berikut:
(i) Tenaga buruh
(i) Labour force
Tenaga buruh merujuk kepada mereka
Labour force refers to those who, during
yang berumur 15 hingga 64 tahun (dalam
the reference week, are in the 15 to 64
tahun genap pada hari lahir terakhir)
years age group (in completed years at
semasa
last
minggu
rujukan,
sama
ada
birthday)
and
who
are
either
bekerja atau menganggur.
employed or unemployed.
(ii) Bekerja
(ii) Employed
Semua orang yang bekerja sekurang-
All persons who, at any time during the
kurangnya sejam semasa minggu rujukan
reference week worked at least one hour
untuk mendapatkan upah, keuntungan
for pay, profit or family gain (as an
atau
employer,
keuntungan
keluarga
(sebagai
employee,
own-account
majikan, pekerja, pekerja sendiri atau
worker or unpaid family worker). Also
pekerja
Juga
considered as employed are persons who
dianggap sebagai bekerja ialah mereka
did not work during the reference week
yang
minggu
because of illness, injury, disability, bad
rujukan disebabkan sakit, kecederaan,
weather, leave, labour dispute and social
tiada
bercuti,
or religious reasons but had a job, farm,
pertelingkahan buruh dan sebab-sebab
enterprise or other family enterprise to
sosial
return to.
keluarga
tidak
upaya,
atau
mempunyai
tanpa
bekerja
cuaca
gaji).
semasa
buruk,
keagamaan
pekerjaan,
tetapi
ladang,
Also included are those on
temporary lay-off with pay who would
perusahaan atau perusahaan keluarga
definitely
lain untuk kembali bekerja. Termasuk juga
Employed persons at work and who had
ialah mereka yang tidak bekerja buat
worked less than 30 hours during the
sementara waktu tetapi bergaji dan pasti
reference week because of the nature of
akan dipanggil bekerja semula. Mereka
their work or due to insufficient work and
yang sedang bekerja dan bekerja kurang
are able and willing to accept additional
dari
hours
30 jam
semasa minggu rujukan
be
of
called
work
to
considered
are
nevertheless
underemployed
disebabkan
included in the employed category.
kerja
dan
berkeupayaan serta sanggup menerima
54
work.
are
disebabkan bentuk kerja mereka atau

kurang
but
back
beban
kerja
tambahan
dianggap
sebagai guna tenaga tidak penuh dan

dimasukkan dalam kategori bekerja.
(iii) Unemployed
(iii) Menganggur
Penganggur
dikelaskan
dua
The unemployed are classified into two
kumpulan iaitu penganggur aktif dan
that is the actively unemployed and
penganggur tidak aktif. Penganggur aktif
inactively
termasuk
bekerja
unemployed include all persons who did
semasa minggu rujukan tetapi bersedia
not work during the reference week but
untuk
mereka
bekerja
pekerjaan
kepada
yang
dan
dalam
tidak
unemployed.
The
actively
aktif
mencari
were available for work and actively
minggu
tersebut.
looking for work during the reference
Penganggur tidak aktif adalah seperti
week.
berikut:
include the following categories:
mereka
yang
tidak
Inactively
unemployed
persons
mencari
persons who did not look for work
pekerjaan dalam minggu rujukan
because they believed no work was
kerana
percaya
pekerjaan
tidak
terdapat
available
ataupun
tidak
qualified;
or
that
they
were
not
berkelayakan;
mereka
yang
mungkin
mencari
persons who would have looked for
pekerjaan jika tidak kerana sakit
work if they had not been temporarily ill
atau cuaca buruk;
or had it not been for bad weather;
mereka yang menunggu jawapan
persons who were waiting for results of
permohonan pekerjaan; dan
job applications; and
mereka
persons who had looked for work prior
yang
telah
mencari
pekerjaan sebelum minggu rujukan.
to the reference week.
(iv) Luar tenaga buruh
(iv) Outside labour force
Penduduk yang tidak dikelaskan sebagai
All persons not classified as employed or
bekerja atau menganggur sebagaimana
unemployed
yang dinyatakan di atas, dikategorikan
classified
sebagai luar tenaga buruh. Termasuk
Included
dalam kategori ini ialah suri rumah, pelajar
(including those going for further studies),
(termasuk mereka yang akan melanjutkan
retired, disabled persons and those not
pelajaran), mereka yang telah bersara
interested in looking for a job.
atau tidak berkeupayaan dan mereka

yang
tidak
berminat
untuk
mencari
pekerjaan.
55
as
as
are
stated
outside
above
labour
housewives,
are
force.
students
Kadar penyertaan tenaga buruh
Labour force participation rate
Kadar penyertaan tenaga buruh ialah
The labour force participation rate is the
perkadaran penduduk di dalam tenaga
proportion of persons in the labour force
buruh kepada jumlah penduduk di dalam
to the total population in the working age
umur bekerja iaitu 15-64 tahun. Kadar ini
15-64 years. This rate measures the level of
mengukur penyertaan di dalam tenaga
participation
buruh mengikut ciri-ciri tertentu penduduk.
according to specific characteristics of
in
the
labour
force
the population
Kadar pengangguran
Unemployment rate
Kadar pengangguran ialah perkadaran
Unemployment rate is the proportion of
penduduk
unemployed
yang
menganggur
(tidak
population
to
the
total
bekerja) kepada jumlah penduduk di
population in the labour force. This rate
dalam tenaga buruh. Kadar ini mengukur
measures the percentage of unemployed
peratus penduduk di dalam tenaga buruh
population in labour force.
yang tidak bekerja.

Graduate
Siswazah
Siswazah
adalah
merujuk
kepada
Graduate refers to diploma and degree
pemegang ijazah dan diploma.
holder.
(i) Ijazah
(i) Degree
Ijazah
merujuk
kepada
ijazah
Degree refers to all university degrees
universiti sama ada Sarjana Muda, Sarjana
(Bachelor, Masters or Ph.D) obtained from
atau Doktor Falsafah yang diperoleh dari
public or private institution of higher
institusi-institusi
awam
learning
dan swasta di dalam dan di luar negara
abroad.
pengajian
semua
tinggi
or
its
equivalent
including
yang diiktiraf.
(ii) Diploma
(ii) Diploma
Sebelum 2007, diploma merujuk kepada
Prior to 2007, diploma refers to diploma
diploma atau sijil yang setaraf dengannya
obtained or equivalent certificate obtained
dan diperoleh selepas SPM/MCE dan
after SPM/MCE and STPM/HSC and its
STPM/HSC dan yang setaraf daripada
equivalent
universiti, kolej, maktab atau politeknik
polytechnic prior to a degree qualification.
sebelum peringkat ijazah.
56
from
university,
college
or
Mulai 20073, diploma merujuk kepada
Starting 20073, diploma refers to diploma
diploma yang diperoleh (selepas SPM
obtained (after SPM or STPM) from college
atau
or
STPM)
dari
kolej,
maktab
atau
polytechnic
that
offer
formal
politeknik yang menawarkan pendidikan
education. Duration of certification is less
rasmi. Tempoh pensijilan adalah kurang
than two years. Certificate in teaching is
daripada
dua
perguruan
tahun.
adalah
Sijil
maktab
equivalent to diploma. Malaysian Skill
setaraf
dengan
Certificate
diploma. Sijil Kemahiran Malaysia tahap
level
four
to
five
is
also
categorised as diploma.
empat hingga lima juga dikategorikan

sebagai diploma.
6. Kebolehpercayaan data
6. Reliability of data
Memandangkan anggaran penyiasatan
Since the survey estimates are based on a
adalah berdasarkan kepada penyiasatan
sample survey, they are subjected to
sampel, ia adalah tertakluk kepada ralat
sampling and non-sampling errors.
pensampelan
dan
ralat
bukan
pensampelan.
7. Rounding of estimates
7. Pembundaran anggaran
Hasil
tambah
kategori
The sum of individual figures may not
mungkin tidak sentiasa sama dengan
always equal to the total shown in related
jumlah yang ditunjukkan dalam jadual
tables because of independent rounding
yang
to one decimal place. However, the
secara
bagi
berkaitan
bebas
perpuluhan.
sesuatu
kerana
pembundaran
kepada
Walau
satu
titik
differences are insignificant.
bagaimanapun,
perbezaan ini tidak signifikan.
_________________________________________
3
________________________________________
Mulai 2007, pengkelasan sijil tertinggi diperoleh
Starting 2007, classification of highest certificate
telah diperhalusi dan diselaraskan dengan klasifikasi
obtained was refined and coordinated with ISCED-
pendidikan ISCED-97. Definisi juga telah diperjelaskan
97 education classification. The definition has been
dan semua sijil pendidikan yang terdapat di negara
clarified and all certifications of education in this
ini termasuk sijil kemahiran telah diambil kira.
country
including
accounted.
57
skill
certificate
have
been
8. Lain-lain
8. Others
Penerangan lanjut berkenaan PTB boleh
Further details regarding the LFS may be
dirujuk daripada
referred
Laporan Penyiasatan
Tenaga Buruh, Malaysia yang diterbitkan
to the
Labour Force
Survey
Report, Malaysia published annually.
setiap tahun.
Data tenaga buruh bagi tahun 2000, 2001
Labour force data for 2000, 2001 and 2004
dan 2004 yang dibentangkan dalam
presented in this report has been revised.
laporan ini telah disemak semula.

PTB tidak dijalankan pada tahun 1991 dan
LFS was not conducted in 1991 and 1994.
1994.
9. Notes and symbols
9. Nota dan simbol

Sebelum
2001,
pekerjaan
mengikut klasifikasi
dikelaskan
Prior to 2001, occupation is classified

according
Kamus Pengelasan
to
the
Dictionary
Classification,
of
Pekerjaan, 1980 terbitan Jabatan Tenaga
Occupational
1980
Rakyat, Kementerian Sumber Manusia.
published by the Manpower Department
Kategori pekerjaan adalah seperti berikut:
of the Ministry of Human Resources. The

industry categories are as follows:
Pekerja profesional, teknik dan yang
1 Professional,
berkaitan
technical
and
related
workers
2 Administrative and managerial workers
Pekerja
3 Clerical and related workers
perkeranian
dan
yang
berkaitan
4
Pekerja jualan
4 Sales workers
5 Service workers
Pekerja pertanian, penternakan dan
6 Agricultural,
perhutanan, nelayan dan pemburu

7
Pekerja
berkaitan,
pengeluaran
operator
dan
animal
husbandry
and
forestry workers, fishermen and hunters
yang
peralatan
pengangkutan dan buruh
7 Production
and
transport
equipment
labourers
58
related
workers,
operators
and
Mulai
2001,
pekerjaan
dikelaskan
Starting 2001, occupation is classified
mengikut klasifikasi Piawaian Pengelasan
according
Pekerjaan,
1998
Classification of Occupations (MASCO)
International
1998 based on the International Standard
Standard Classification of Occupations
Classification of Occupations (ISCO-88).
(ISCO-88).
The occupation categories are as follows:
Malaysia
berasaskan
(MASCO)
kepada
Kategori
pekerjaan
adalah
to
the
Malaysia
Standard
seperti berikut:
1
Penggubal undang-undang, pegawai
1 Legislators, senior officials & managers
kanan dan pengurus

2
Profesional
2 Professionals
Juruteknik dan profesional bersekutu
3 Technicians and associate professionals
Pekerja perkeranian
4 Clerical workers
Pekerja perkhidmatan dan pekerja
5 Service workers and shop and market
kedai dan jurujual

6
Pekerja
sales workers
mahir
pertanian
dan
6 Skilled agricultural and fishery workers
perikanan
7
Pekerja
pertukangan
dan
yang
7 Craft and related trade workers
mesin
serta
8 Plant and machine-operators and
berkaitan
8
Operator
loji
dan
pemasang
9
assemblers
Pekerjaan asas
Tahun
9 Elementary occupations
1982-2000,
mengikut
Buku
industri
dikelaskan
Penjenisan
Perusahaan
Malaysia
(Dikemaskini)
diterbitkan
oleh
1972
Jabatan
Year
1982-2000,
according
to
industry
the
is
classified
Malaysia
Industrial
Classification (updated) 1972 published by
yang
Perangkaan
the
Department
Standard Industrial Classification of All
Industrial Classification of All Economic
Economic Activities, (ISIC)
Activities,
(ISIC),
1968.
Standard
The
industry
livestock
and
categories are as follows:
Pertanian, perhutanan, penternakan
dan perikanan
B
International
Malaysia
based
industri adalah seperti berikut:
the
Statistics,
Malaysia, berasaskan kepada International

1968. Kategori
on
of
Agriculture,
forestry,
fishing
C Pembuatan
Manufacturing
Pembinaan
Construction
Perdagangan
Wholesale and retail trade, restaurant
borong
dan
runcit,
restoran dan hotel
and hotels
59
G Pengangkutan,
penyimpanan
dan
perhubungan
H
Perkhidmatan
kewangan,
insurans,
H
I
persendirian
mengikut
and
Finance, insurance, real estate and

business services
Perkhidmatan masyarakat, sosial dan
Tahun
storage
communications
hartanah dan perniagaan

I
Transport,
Community,
social
and
personal
services
2001-2009,
industri
Piawaian
dikelaskan
Klasifikasi
Year
2001-2009,
according
Industri
to
industry
the
is
classified
Malaysia
Standard
Malaysia (MSIC) 2000 yang diterbitkan oleh
Industrial
Jabatan Perangkaan Malaysia, berasaskan
published by the Department of Statistics,
kepada
Industrial
Malaysia
Activities
Standard Industrial Classification of All
(ISIC), Revision 3. Kategori industri adalah
Economic Activities (ISIC), Revision 3. The
seperti berikut:
industry categories are as follows:
Pertanian, pemburuan dan perhutanan
Agriculture, hunting and forestry
Perikanan
Fishing
C Perlombongan dan kuari
Pembuatan
Manufacturing
Bekalan elektrik, gas dan air
Electricity, gas and water supply
Pembinaan
Construction
Wholesale and retail trade; repair of
International Standard
Classification
of
All
Economic
G Perdagangan jual borong dan jual

runcit;
pembaikan
kenderaan
motor
bermotor, motosikal dan barangan
Classification
based
on
vehicles,
the
(MSIC)
2000
International
motorcycles
and
personal and household goods
persendirian dan isi rumah

H
Hotel dan restoran
Pengangkutan,
penyimpanan
dan
Hotels and restaurants
Financial intermediation
Real estate, renting and business
komunikasi
J
Pengantaraan kewangan
Aktiviti
hartanah,
penyewaan
dan
perniagaan
L
activities
Pentadbiran awam dan pertahanan;
keselamatan sosial wajib
Public administration and defense;

compulsory social security
M Pendidikan
Education
Health and social work
Other community, social and personal
Kesihatan dan kerja sosial
O Aktiviti perkhidmatan komuniti, sosial

dan persendirian lain
service activities
60
Isi rumah persendirian dengan pekerja
bergaji
Private households with employed

persons
Q Organisasi dan badan-badan di luar
wilayah
Extra-territorial
organizations
and
bodies
Pada 2010, industri dikelaskan mengikut
In 2010, industry is classified according to
Piawaian
the
Klasifikasi
Industri
Malaysia
Malaysia
Standard
Industrial
(MSIC) 2008 yang diterbitkan oleh Jabatan
Classification (MSIC) 2008 published by
Perangkaan Malaysia, berasaskan kepada
the Department of Statistics, Malaysia
International
based
Standard
Industrial
on
the
International
Standard
Classification of All Economic Activities
Industrial Classification of All Economic
(ISIC), Revision 4. Kategori industri adalah
Activities (ISIC), Revision 4. The industry
seperti berikut:
categories are as follows:
Pertanian, Perhutanan dan perikanan
Agriculture, forestry and fishing
Manufacturing
Electricity,
C Pembuatan
D
Bekalan
elektrik,
gas,
wap
dan
pendingin udara
E
Bekalan
air;
gas,
steam
and
air
conditioning supply
pembentungan,
pengurusan sisa dan aktiviti pemulihan
Water
supply;
management
sewerage,
and
waste
remediation
activities
F
Pembinaan
G Perdagangan
borong
dan
runcit,
Construction
Wholesale and retail trade, repair of
pembaikan kenderaan bermotor dan
motor vehicles and motorcycles
motosikal
H
Penginapan dan aktiviti perkhidmatan
Accommodation and food service
makanan dan minuman
activities
Financial
and
insurance/takaful
activities
L
Aktiviti hartanah
M Aktiviti profesional, saintifik dan teknikal
Real estate activities
Professional, scientific and technical

activities
Aktiviti
pentadbiran
dan
khidmat
sokongan
activities
O Pentadbiran awam dan pertahanan;
aktiviti keselamatan sosial wajib

P
Administrative and support service

Public administration and defence;
compulsory social security
Pendidikan
61
Education
Q Aktiviti kesihatan kemanusiaan dan
kerja sosial
Human
health
and
social
work
activities
Other services activities
Activities of household as employers
Aktiviti badan dan pertubuhan luar
Activities
wilayah
of
extraterritorial
organizations and bodies
Penyiasatan
Tenaga
tidak
Labour Force Survey does not classify the
mengelaskan aktiviti pengeluaran barangan
subsistence goods- and services-producing
dan
activities of households as persons who are
perkhidmatan
kegunaan
isi
Buruh
sara
rumah
hidup
sendiri
untuk
sebagai
economically
active.
Therefore,
the
penduduk yang aktif dalam ekonomi. Oleh
classification of industry by MSIC 2008 for
itu, klasifikasi MSIC 2008 bagi industri Aktiviti
Activities
isi
undifferentiated
rumah
sebagai
majikan;
aktiviti
of
households
goods
as
employers;
and
services-
mengeluarkan barangan dan perkhidmatan
producing activities of households for own
yang tidak dapat dibezakan oleh isi rumah
use
untuk kegunaan sendiri hanya mengambil
households as employers.
only
accounted
for
Activities
kira Aktiviti isi rumah sebagai majikan.
Kosong/tiada kes
0.0 Less than half the smallest unit shown.
0.0 Kurang daripada setengah unit terkecil

yang
ditunjukkan. Misalnya
Nil/no cases
For example, less than 0.05 per cent.
kurang
daripada 0.05 peratus.
62
of
Boleh diperoleh dari:

Obtainable from:
Jabatan Perangkaan Malaysia,
(Department of Statistics, Malaysia)
Blok C6, Kompleks C,
Pusat Pentadbiran Kerajaan Persekutuan,
62514 Putrajaya,
Malaysia.
Tel.
Faks/Fax
E-mel/E-mail
Laman Web/Website
: 03-8885 7000
: 03-8888 9248
: jpbkkp@stats.gov.my
: http://www.statistics.gov.my

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JABATAN PERANGKAAN MALAYSIA

DEPARTMENT OF STATISTICS, MALAYSIA

PENYIASATAN TENAGA BURUH

JABATAN PERANGKAAN MALAYSIA

Penerbitan keempat keluaran khas Perangkaan Tenaga Buruh

menghimpunkan siri masa perangkaan guna

tenaga dan pengangguran dikalangan siswazah (ijazah dan

Dr. Haji Abdul Rahman bin Hasan

The fourth edition of Statistics of Graduates in the Labour Force is

employment and unemployment among graduates (degree

Dr. Haji Abdul Rahman bin Hasan

Jadual Perangkaan Tenaga Buruh

Perangkaan utama tenaga buruh siswazah, Malaysia, 1982-2010

Perangkaan utama tenaga buruh siswazah (ijazah), Malaysia,

Perangkaan utama tenaga buruh siswazah (diploma), Malaysia,

Bilangan siswazah bekerja mengikut sijil tertinggi diperoleh dan

Bilangan siswazah bekerja mengikut sijil tertinggi diperoleh dan

Taburan peratus siswazah bekerja mengikut kumpulan etnik,

Bilangan siswazah bekerja mengikut kumpulan umur, Malaysia,

Bilangan dan taburan peratus siswazah bekerja mengikut

Bilangan dan taburan peratus siswazah (ijazah) bekerja mengikut

Bilangan dan taburan peratus siswazah (diploma) bekerja

Bilangan dan taburan peratus siswazah bekerja mengikut sijil

Bilangan dan taburan peratus siswazah bekerja mengikut industri,

Bilangan dan taburan peratus siswazah (ijazah) bekerja mengikut

Bilangan dan taburan peratus siswazah (diploma) bekerja

Bilangan dan taburan peratus siswazah bekerja mengikut sijil

Bilangan dan taburan peratus siswazah bekerja mengikut sijil

Bilangan siswazah menganggur mengikut sijil tertinggi diperoleh

Bilangan siswazah menganggur mengikut sijil tertinggi diperoleh

Taburan peratus siswazah menganggur mengikut kumpulan

Bilangan siswazah menganggur mengikut kumpulan umur,

Bilangan dan taburan peratus siswazah menganggur mengikut

Bilangan dan taburan peratus siswazah menganggur mengikut

JADUAL PERANGKAAN TENAGA BURUH

Perangkaan utama tenaga buruh, Malaysia, 1982-2010

Perangkaan utama tenaga buruh mengikut jantina, Malaysia,

Perangkaan utama tenaga buruh mengikut strata, Malaysia,

Taburan peratus penduduk bekerja mengikut kumpulan etnik,

Bilangan penduduk bekerja mengikut kumpulan umur, Malaysia,

Bilangan penduduk bekerja mengikut taraf perkahwinan,

Bilangan penduduk bekerja mengikut pencapaian pendidikan,

Bilangan penduduk bekerja mengikut sijil tertinggi diperoleh,

Bilangan dan taburan peratus penduduk bekerja mengikut

Bilangan dan taburan peratus penduduk bekerja mengikut

Bilangan dan taburan peratus penduduk bekerja mengikut

Bilangan dan taburan peratus penduduk bekerja mengikut

Bilangan dan taburan peratus penduduk bekerja mengikut

Bilangan penganggur mengikut strata, Malaysia, 1982-2010

Taburan peratus penganggur mengikut kumpulan etnik,

Bilangan penganggur mengikut kumpulan umur, Malaysia,

Bilangan penganggur mengikut pencapaian pendidikan,

Bilangan penganggur mengikut sijil tertinggi diperoleh, Malaysia,

Tenaga buruh siswazah

From the period of 1982 to 2010, the

number of graduates that entered the

pasaran buruh meningkat dari tahun ke

labour market had increased from year to