INSTITUTO POLITCNICO NACIONAL

QUE PARA OBTENER EL GRADO DE:

MAESTRO

EN

CIENCIAS

CON ESPECIALIDAD EN ADMINISTRACIN

P R E S E N T A :
JOS MOISS LUNA RIVERA

MXICO, D.F.

2005

Pag. 3 de 117

+
,

!
-

$
$

! " #
% &' (
( "
)
*

$ "

()

,
,
!
$ / 0
$

.
"

#
(
#
&' (

,
$ "

()
!

$ / 0
$

.
"

#
(
#
&' (

2(

(2

0(
(
3 $

( #

( #

($

( #

($

( #

($

( #

, 3 $

( #6( 0

2 !

(
!(

2 !
0

(0
( #

2 !

2 !

7
(

(2

2 8$/

,9

"(

0 %(
7 0 %(

(0

2 !
(2
2 8$/

(2 ) ;<

2 8$/

:$

2 8$/ <

+ 0 %(

( 5

/ (" #

(&

2 ) ;<
!

(2 )=;<

2 8$/ <

032 ) ;<

( #

( #
$(
0
, ?

!>

($

>

7,
($

7+
@
A

Pag. 5 de 117

( #
7?

( /

0( " #

:,

+:

2 8$/

"

::
>

+3

:/

9(

"(

D
5

) (

%5

Pag. 6 de 117

!"#
1

= -

$%&
#!
( #

( #

( #

++

/-

"

/-

2/ ?

(2

2 8$/

#
5

'

$ (

!2 !

!0

2 !

(0

2 !

E 2

7 $ (

7 2

7 2

7 $

7, $

:$ (

2 !

E 2 8$/

2 8$/

2 8$/

2 8$/

2 8$/

2 8$/

($

,,
,7

( #

( #

( #

( #

( #

>

>

$ (

$ (

!( 0
>

0 ;0

2 !

>

!( 0
(

77
2 !

7:
:

Pag. 7 de 117

( #

: 1

: 1

+@ B

+@ B >

+@B 3

@B 1

@B 9

#
>

:,

+,

>

+
5
(- "

2
A

!=

6
( 1

&

(
(

2 ) ;6
@(

A
(
B

+:
++
++

/9

( (

/9
!

Pag. 8 de 117

!"#

? (

? (
? (

( #

++

? (

#'(
#!

( #

2 !

!A

(2

? ( , 0(
? (

7
(

( #

,:

2 ) G!2 8$/

? (7

? ( :/

? ( +/

(2 ) ;< !

( #

? (

$(

? (

(0

? (

? (

? (

? ( ,/

"

? (

!>

($

>

:
:

#
#

:7
+

>
-

7
7:

($
#

2 8$/ <

+7

Pag. 9 de 117

!%)
/
A

!
6(

6(

2 !
$

( #
(
( #
I@
2 (
(
( H=5
6="$62 8$/ B

(&
( (
!
6(
6(
!(
(
(
(
(
( 0
2 !
6(
(
(
(H
( 0
6 2 6 2 ) ;B ! (
(
$
(
"
I @
=5
5
5"

%(
A
-

( 5 (& !
!5 (

( # 6
(

(
!A

( A

(
A
( #

(
(

!F

(
(

'!"&
#"
A
A
6
(
!& A
A F 6A
6A
A
A
(
A (
52 6 A 5
@
2 62 ) ;B
A
"
$
@
="$62 8$/ B

(5 ! (6 A
(6 A
5 A J
J (
(
! A 2 (
! A =5
5
5

0
A
A 6
A!

A 5
A
( 5
J
(

5A

(
! 6 5
A J
A
5 (
(
! A
A
(
A

G
J

5A

6
5
A

Pag. 10 de 117

"&
*%
/

(
(
F

K(

(0
0
(

(
(
2 !

(4
*#

&
(& A
(F

!
2

6!
(
(
6

( #

( # 6!

A
F

A
(&
!A
( #
(
F A
( # !F
(
(
L (H
(0
2 !
I@
2 6 2 B6 ( H=5
$
(
"
I@
=5
5
5"
$
6 ="$B6 ( H
) %
/ %
I@
)
A>
6)> B6( H0
(0
2 !
I@
0
5 2 602 B6 (H
0
(
( 0
2 !
I@
0
(
52 6
0 2 B ! ( H0
( 0
2 !
I@
(
2 0
6 2 0B /(
(
A
( 5
(&
(
(
!
( # 6
%
6 (
A
&
A 5

.
A
(

F
!

6
!%
( #

( #
6
(
F

4
K 4
A

(
( #F

A
( # 6
A

6
(

( #
3

2 !

6 #
5

A
( (
6 (

6(
(

/
4 6
! 0(A $
( #K
%
(
! (&
2
(
F
(
.
!
(
5
/

F
!

(
(

6(
(

(
6(

6(
6 (
(

L(
(
(
6(

6
(
L
(
5
!
( # (2 F
(
(
( #
2 8$/
A!
5
(
( #6
%
5
!
%
/(
(
( #
5
#

5 3

4
!

(
A

!
(

Pag. 11 de 117

A
(

!A
=
6

/(
?

/
2 8$/ 6
/

$
2(
(

(
# L3 .
(
6
>

!
8
/

E
(

(&

K
?

(&
B
F
(

(
(
( 6

5
#

( A

( # 6(
(
!

(2

!(

(
(

A (

( #

#
(

#(
(& (

( # K
5

60

F (
!
@
6
(

(
%

6
*
(
6? # =
&
(
6
=
60
(
(
( F
8
(0
4 6
(
0
4
!
!

L 0

(&
(&

(
(

!(

(
0(5 (

#(
( #

#(

(
(
( !
(&
(

( #
/(

3 5 (

0
-

(
2 !

- ! %
(
!
(
%
*#
( #
(
(
*#

(
F
(
(

(
6F

Pag. 12 de 117

(
# " #)
0

"*

( &
*'()#

(
(
64
( #
L (H
( 0
6 2 B6 ( H=5
$
(
6 ="$B6 ( H
) %
6 )> B6 ( H0
( 0
2 6 02 B6 ( H
2 !
I@
0
(
52 (
0
2 !
6 2 0BK( F
5
L (H
(0
! ( H=5
$

5
I@
2 "
I @
=5
5
5
"
$
/ %
I@
)
A
>
2 !
I
@
0
5
0
(
(
0
60 2 B !(
H0
I@
(2 0
(
(
(!
2 !
I
( "
I
(
( # !(
K (2
(H2 ) ;<I
H" #
( 0
2 !
C$
$
I@
0"
2 ) ! 5; J(
B ! ( ="$
(
#H
4
!
2 8$/ M
(
5
I@
>
5(
2 J A 2 8$/ < C 5
(
B 3
( #
(2
(
(
K
4
( )
6
(
*#
(
(
5J 6(
! (
6 4
(
( #
!
3
( #
2 8$/
(
(
!
(
.
!
&
5
!
/
/
F
6
( #
%
%
5
#6
(
(
!
(
/(
(
( # 4
(
6
5
# 6
4
2 !

>
2 !

4
!
%
( %
(0
!
(
# !A
6 ! ,#
!#&* (# "%#(-#&. /&
*/* & % 0#! 1& #!
* * )
"*2#!3 *)*
/&
*)*0 & . 4
% & (%!*
!"#! % 0#! , &
&#)
"#!5 .
#!.# * !6% ) 7
*&
,#!, &
&#)
"#!
$

( #
5
(

6
A

(
5

!
(
( %4

6
(&

(0
(

6
(
#

(
(
(

(
!

(& !
(0
-

2 !
!
(
5 (&

(
F

%
2 !

6(

Pag. 13 de 117

(#

(
( #
(
2 8$/ <B6
#
%
(
(
(!(

%
-

(& %
(
(
( 6

( #
(
A

%(

!
% ( 5 (& !
(
( 3
&
(
( F
!

F
(

(
@
2 < !
(
6
( A
5

!%(
"# *! !/ &
# *!
3

0 /(

5
(
( # ! (
6 % # 1(!!
(
#! *! /& /#(! ) "* *(
*$3
#!
(
(
!
6
(5 (
F
(
(
!(
* #& . *)' #& (
* ) 7
*&
## % #
(
(
#!@ E (
(
!
B !
5
(
(
!
) $
( %(
6
(
%
(
(
( # F
6
F
(
/&
*/% !"#!
) 7
*&#!
(
(6
%
!
(
F
! (
!
!

/(

L
# #(
(
*)/#&

(
#! 8 /& /#(! ) "* *(
*$3
#! F
(
!
"& ! (
#! ) "* *(
*$3
#!

!
"

"

5
N
(
#/&

4
*&
"#(-#! .
A

'( #

(
( K!
A
(

F
A

(
4
%

5
"

* !%(
"# .9*

-#7

Pag. 14 de 117

#/3
"%(
*
: # * !%(
"*&
3
#
;< *

Pag. 15 de 117

# * !%(
"*&
3
#
::

=>%
/(

;< *

* !%(
"*&
3
#

!(
# * !%(
"*&
3
#?
(
(

( #

H>

!
(

5
6
!

&

(
K

(5
(
#

(
(

6
A

I
3

$
5

( #
(

3 $

F
(

(
(

( #

1 &>
(
F

(
5

( -

((
(

( #
!
-

> E 3

!"

6 (
(& ( 6
( (

6
6

!%

(
(

5
/

5
(
6
(&

( #

(
(F
6

&
H(
!
! (5
F
&
(
(
(
I

( #

=>%

(
L H2

!
%

( 4

&
6
(
(

(
!

(
6

(
(

- !O
(

(F
L $
G
6

H
(

- 4
6 ?
( #
61
&
#6$

I
(

%
5
%

6 3! 6
(6

(
6

5
(

( #

&
(

(
F

* !%(
"*&?

/(

6
(
!
( F

>

(
-K(

Mencionado en el libro La Consultora de Empresas, Gua para la Profesin, Milan Kubr, Limusa P.3.
Idem P.3

Pag. 16 de 117

(
(
/
&

(
6
> #

F
(

(
6
(
5
! (&

A
(
( (
(

(
(

F 6
&
(
( #
- 5
#(
!
( EF
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
!
(
(
5 (
( (
(
(
(

( 6(
( %(
5
(
(

(
>

F
C $
C$

.
.

(
!
( >
(
(

A!
(
L
F (F
(
L

LPF F
L #
(

>

L
4
(

A
6

/( (

- 8
!
(
6

5 (
A A
/(
*
!(
(

Q
(F

(# -#&(
*!
!.*' 7
" 0*!
(
#
*&$# -# +

! %'&&
!*(
0 &(
*! . 0#(
%#&
/&*'()#!
% 0#!
$&
#(! */*&"% @
.
# !
)/& !#&#@
(!

7
*&#&
(
#/&
@
-#7

&

/&1 " #
(
*!
#)' *!

Fig. 1.1.1 Objetivos generales de la consultora.3

/

( 5
5

(
( 5

( #6

Fuente: La Consultora de Empresas, Gua para la Profesin, Milan Kubr, Limusa P.10.

Pag. 17 de 117

1. Iniciacin

R &) &
*! * "# "*#! *

((

(
*!/&*'()#!

#$ +!" * /& ()

R (
# 4# +

2. Diagnstico

(* "

"#& #!#( (

R * "&
#"*

* !%(
"*&3
#

1(!!

(*'7 " 0*

1(!!

( &
*'()#

! %'&)

1(!!.! " !!

"*

4
*&)# +

R 0#(
%# +

"

R &
*/% !"#

"

(
*!, ,*!
(
*!, ,*!

(
*!& !%(
"# *!#( (

R (
#'*&# +

3. Planificacin de medidas

#&

!*(
% *
*/ *

R &
*/% !"##( (
R (
# 4# +

"

"
(
##/( # +

.)

#!

R * "&'% &#(
##/( # +

4. Aplicacin

R &
*/% !"#!

#7
%!" !

R #/# "# +

R 0#(
%# +
R

5. Terminacin

4
*&)

4 #(

R !"#'( )
R (
#
R

"*

! $% )

*)/&*) !*!
"*

" &# #

Fig. 1.1.2 Fases del proceso de consultora.4

/

(5

( 5
5

( #
3

( #

L
?

C N
(5
C N
&
(
6(
!
( ! ((

((
(&
(
(& !
( (
(& (
(
(
(
(
(
6 #

! (

(
(

(
( (

(
F
(

Fuente: La Consultora de Empresas, Gua para la Profesin, Milan Kubr, Limusa P.25.

Pag. 18 de 117

:8

"

" !

(
# * !%(
"*&
3
#

!"*&#
3
3
:+

/
H2

( #
5
( 5
5

(
( #5 0
( ? (
( #

:+: ( 5
F
T
A
$
(
+
(

0 A
(

(
(
I

!
(

0 0

F
/

!6

1!6F

5
+

(
6
)
!

-A A
! (7 5
(

0(
(

/(

!S

&

!6

0? ;

E
L)

5
$
4

(5
(5
+7
*#

( #
(

"
(
#

65
(

(
;
(
(
65-

?
5

(6(

) &0(
( 6 -(
S$
!I
(
6

( F
6(

! @ 5
;
!
#
A

(
#
H1!3 J

I!
(

5 H ;
!5 5
(
5 5
(

( I

!
;
*#
( #
!(

(
(

&
(

(
#
=

(
(

S 3!
( -

(5
=
;
!
*# (
(

&

"

H$

/
+ +/ J ) &>
!
(5
F A ! H) &0(
( SA
J? ;
(
!

5 (
3 ( %
(&

3
*#
( #
$
!I
6
#
$A
+
H8 AJ
.
!I
B6
(
) J 6F
! F (
%
5
( F (

(
3 ( 65
0
(
6

!6)$"6!( H
( A
(

5
(
(
@ (
( #
5

(
(
0

0
@ (

)
F
A 5

>A (
I
5 # (
( #

(
B !(
) B

( # ((
*#
(

*
(

(
(

Pag. 19 de 117

* !%(
"*&
3
#
3

(
#

&
3
#

( #

%
'5

#
5 #
(
(4
- 6
(
!0
$
(
(
5
(
(
(
A
A
(&

* !%(
"*&
3
#
(
#$ !" +
3
( #
F
(
6
&
(
6
(
4
@
5 (
!
( * :U
> !A
> A
(
5
& 6 5 %
6

(
0
5

U
> !7 U
>
(
F
(!
#
# 4
3
! ($
6
( 7U
>6(
4
#
( # >(
2/ /V
*6 (
#
:
!

A# )
(
F
(
(

!"&# + 2 * *)3
#24 # -#!B
#6
F
#
#
3
( #
4
(
&
(
* 7U
>6!
(
5
(B F
%
( #6
5
( E(
*

(
6 ( 6
6
5

5
6
6

(
&

#6
6 (

Pag. 20 de 117

:C
/
(

4
(

&
!/ " 0#!
A

&
H3 $%

3 $8/$ 5
=5 (
( 1
5
(

E
K
$

(
!

>

0
(

(
6

(
(

( # ?
5(
!
(
(

;< *

(
$

( #
,
( #@
$8/$BI

( +
!
- 6

( #

+:,
5
#
6
(
(

(
!

L
6

5
2
(
(
1

!
(

-6
(

!A
( 4 (
(

(
#
!
E
!(
( # 6!

(
# * !%(
"*&
3
#

(
/

(
(6
(

(F

(
6

6!
(
(
(
6

&

( #6
6
(
( #6
(
(
(

(
#
(
#

/
0
F (

.
3

Pagina web de la CNEC http://cnec.org.mx/corp/

Pag. 21 de 117

:D
% #(
3
(

&
!/ " 0#!

( #A
4
( #
(

%
( W
(

(
# * !%(
"*&
3
##

( *
!(

0(

(
(
6( #
: U !+ U $
(

6(
(

Ingresos compaas de Consultora

Ao 1992
USA
$
15,200.00
Europa
$
7,600.00
Asia
$
3,200.00
Resto del mundo
$
2,300.00
Total $
28,300.00
Datos en millones de dlares


  
 
/

(
( #

&

(
(

(
6

(
!/

*#
(

Fig. 1.4 Ingresos de la consultora en 1992.

3

( #
(

4
( 4
0

6F
( # (
6 (!
%

6A !

X ,

C
/

( W
( *
( (
(
(

&
) !
(
( #
( #

$
( #

6
6(

A #
*

( #L
5
(

F
5

6 (
5

(
6

Fuente: La Consultora de Empresas, gua para la Profesin, Tercera Edicin, ed. Limusa, Milan Kubr

Pag. 22 de 117

6F
6

!
(

!6F

(&

( #
( #6

(&
1 (
4
H$

6(

5
A

(
I

5
%(

0(

F * 6F
( #6 (

5
H1

( #
:B
8B
CB
DB
KB
LB
EB
GB
IB
:JB
::B
:8B
:CB
:DB

/
5

F 6
%

I
(

"%& E @
4 B
4 B >
/ >
F #& .G @
# H *)/# .I
#& $ * ":J
;2 " $
( @
*!"* * !%(
" $ &
*%/:: @
4 B
**- (
(
#) (
"* :8 @
4 B
#/
)
& !" H *% $:C @
4 B
(
* ""
*% , *,)#"!%:D @
4 B
%! !! * !%(
" $ &0 !@
4 B
H
# #$ ) " &
*%/
4 B
F ! .H *)/# .:K @
& & # #$ ) " * !%(
" $
* !%(
" $ &*%/ :L
*(
#
&
$ & "&
#" $. * !%(
"# "!

( (

(
6(
(

&
( #

(F
5 &
%
L

5
( (
( !
F

4B

(
(
(
(

0
$
( # @
0
$
(
1
C0$ /B 7 $
++
( /
1
/
0
$
( #
5/
$
(
=
2
+
Y/8C8= C /86@
1
5
C (
1
(
++

( !
3

5
.
/
@
1
C 1/0$= :B $
+

&

http://www.accenture.com/xd/xd.asp?it=enweb&xd=index.xml
http://www.atkearney.com
9
http://www.bain.com/bainweb/home.asp
10
http://www.bearingpoint.com/portal/site/bearingpoint
11
http://www.bcg.com/home.jsp
8

12
13

http://www.bah.com/bahng/SilverDemo?PID=Home.html&NGPgID=HOME&contType=TABLE&dispType=HTML

http://www.capgemini.com/
http://www.deloitte.com/dtt/home/0%2C1044%2Csid%25253D6591%2C00.html
15
http://www.mckinsey.com/
16
http://www.paconsulting.com/Home
17
http://www.amcf.org/index.asp
18
http://www.feaco.org/
19
http://www.zen-noh-ren.or.jp/
14

Pag. 23 de 117

: K # * !%(
"*&
3
#2(
#
&
*. "*!.(
# 0 !" $# +
3 $

( # !( 0
E6 A A
$
( #
(&
5
A (
(
F
F
(&
!
(
(
$

- !
(
!
3 F

-K

(
(

2 !

( #
(

(
@
#

(
( # !(
( #
6

!
6
( F
!
K! F

A
(0
?

!
(

( 5( #
(

(&
(

!
2 !

(
! #

(
/
A

$
6

6
(

A
(
%

B6(
!

(
!
2 !
6

(&

(
F
4

/4

6
F

A
!

!
6
!

!
/
!

F
(

(
F
2 !

0
A

!"&
# +

2 !
F (0
(%
6
&

! (A
F
(
%
(&
(

( #
(

(
6(

/
( #
!
6
#

(
F
(
( #6F
6
5
(
(
(
(5 (
6 (
!
6 #
#
( F
6 (
( !
!
(5 (
(
( (
2

( # F
(

(5 (

($

( # !( 0
B6
A
(
F
(
%
F
#
>
6
#
5
((
( !
5(
%
6 % F
5
(
5
(
(
!
5
6(
!
E !
E(
( 5
F (
5

Pag. 24 de 117

# "*&
2

0 !" $# +
2
(

(
6
(
4(
5
(4 (

6
/
2

(
1

8
8

( 8

* !%(
"*&
3
#
(
( (
6
-

2
%
(

% -

!#
%

#
2
5
0

0
E(

/( -

5
(

0-

/4

3
E

(
(

(
(

%
5

(
( 8
#
5
! (
(
#

(
(
(

(
#
(

#
(

   
 
       




20

Fuente: La Consultora de Empresas, gua para la Profesin, Tercera Edicin, ed. Limusa, Milan Kubr

Pag. 25 de 117

#/3
"%(
*
8
) !"&
# +
&
*. "*!

Pag. 26 de 117

!"&
# +

&
*. "*!

8:
"
&
*. "*!
3 0
(
(-

&
(1
6( (
#
(
! (

(
(5
G T

(J

( H?
(

(
6(

(
(

(
(&

* 6

(
*

& (

+7 (
F
(
( (

@ :, C + ,6
&
#
5

"
6
(&
(

I
6(
(
& (
7U
(
( VV
F
#
5
(
(
!

(
(

(
-6

!3 "
@ : C + +B
C
5
@
"
$A
( 5 (
!
(5
((
(
(
6
(
6
(F
6
5 A
!
( F
( -

(
(
%5
(
(

5
(

!"&
# +

? !(
#
5 B
(

(&
(*
(
CB

5
(

0 $ BK
%
*

(
#

2 !
A
!
%
@
!
! (

( /

" !

Fig. 2.1.1 Ejemplo Diagrama de Gantt.

/

(2 !
(
(
.

/
5
#

/
(
(
( (
@ M
(
C + 6 :C5

@
(
K
1
C + 7B

(
5

(
(&
(

21

El diagrama de Gantt o diagrama de barras, es una representacin grafica de actividades de trabajo

mostradas como barras con cierta escala de tiempo, se ha vuelto un formato estndar para mostrar las
actividades del proyecto a lo largo de la duracin del mismo..

Pag. 27 de 117

/(
(

+,
2(

H2 !
6 (
(
A

+,7
(
(

$2

@
$

I
6 (
(

(2 A

A
(

#
!

F
/
?
>

( *

CB

(
$2

(5

5-

+,:

(2/ ? @
2
!

(2 Z F

#(
F

/ (
CB 2/ ? 5
// .. 5 (
( ,
(
#(
(
#
2(

(
(0

=5
5
- (

A F
(
(
(

C
(

Fig. 2.1.2 Ejemplo Diagrama de PERT.

/ (
(
/ (

*
!

, U !
(
(
*

U
(
!
( (
-

&

(
(
#
E( ( !
(
(
(
A
A
61
(
H3 ? # !( 0
A
+7 [ 0
/

(
!
2 !
## )
A
F

M0

(
6(
0

( VV 5

(
(

6(
&
(
!
/

!
- (
(

&
; 6!
>
I
6

&
!
* 6(
(

!
#

&J

4
(

(
$

!"&# +
!

( #
( 0
@
2 8$/ B

/&
*. "*!
(

(
2 !

(
(

(
!

@
2 B !(

6A (
(

6
(

Pag. 28 de 117

88
()%
0(
2 !
A

"* *(
*$3
#!
*

4
( #
(

K
(&

"* *(
*$3
#!

, %!"&#(#
# #$ ) "
,""/ 99MMM #/)

!"&
# +

5
!
(

( #
4

&
*. "*!
( 0
!

!"&
# +

!" "%" *4 &*7 "

5
(

&
*. "*!

&*7 "

# #$ )

"

!" "%"

,""/ 99MMM /) *&$

*) #%9,")(
9

!!* #" * 4
*& &*7 "

# #$ )

"

" & #" * #( &*7 "

# #$ ) " !!* #" *

,""/ 99MMM #/) *&

$ %N

,""/ 99MMM /)# ,9?/#$ OLKK:E

) & # * ".4
*&",
*4 &*7 " # #$ ) "

0#

"

,""/ 99MMM #!#/) *&

$9

*7 "!
4
4

* "&*(
(

*4 *0 & )
,""/ 99MMM /&

&" !, "#

#& !

"

0&* )

"!

*)) &
8 *&$ %N

!" "%"

,""/ 99MMM '!@$(

*'#( *)9>%#(".P)# #$ )

"9 &
*7 "9'!LJEI@: <#(
" &

Pag. 29 de 117

#"*!
, %!"&#(#
!" "%" *4
&
*7 "
# #$ ) "
!!* #" * 4
*&
&
*7 "
# #$ ) "

) & # * ".
4
*&",
0#
) " *4
&
*7 "
# #$ ) "
&" !, "#
!" "%"

#& !

(0# " !!*'& (

#!

1
>
?

+7
0
1
%
>
?
5
!
J A
2
J A
4
)BL5

&
*7 "
# #$ )
!" "%"

"

" & #" * #(

&
*7 "
# #$ ) "
!!* #" *
A
B
*7 "!
* "&*(
(
0&* )

"* *(
*$3
#!

+7
A
5

L
O
O
JJJ
"
.;6 +7,

52 ,
A

!
L
O
O
JJJ
5
L

G
!$ 5
( G
A
( 5
02 2@2 0 3 ( BL5
J !
\ 4
N (5
@2 0 3 ($BL5
!
A
A
!
5 $ 5
2 @2 0 3
J A 4
4
(46 (C
( !
>
LA L
O
O
JJJ
O
?
5
H2 $ I
L
] $2 0
$ 5 2 6] $2 )
$ 5
>
2 6] $2 $
$ 5
2 6] $2
$ 5 2 0
>
J
A L
O
O
JJJ
C
( (
O
N (!^
O
2 - O
7+C
4(
/( %
!
(
)> 7+H"
2 I /( %
(
) %

/
>
?

>
LA L
O
O
JJJ
3
( #
(
$
) ( B
?
, 6
5
(
5
2 5
(I

O
A (
O
L
2

2 !

1
>

(
J
5

++
A L
O
O
JJJ
"

+7,
J

(
.
L
O
O
JJJ

2 !

L
(

L
2 2

AO
Q

_ ,, 7
$) @2 0

H 2 0$

"!

Pag. 30 de 117

8C
/(2

"

6
+ +!
(

0(
(
!

3 $
2 6( F
* 6(
6"
6/ / . . !

* 7 U ( ( VV65
(
(
2 !

5 (

>

7U

(
2 N
(
!(
>
(
6(
( / / ..

0
(
:, 6!
(
2 !
!

(
%

( VV6
(

( E
(

(
(

2 6 #
3
%
8 J G<
$ (

!(
2

(
F

2 !
(2

(2
(

(@
(
(

(
(
6 %
7
(

6 4
(

>

*
!

#6

(!
2 !

(
(
@ #
2 6!

(
(5

,
(

(
! %

(
(

(2
F

%
&6
6

@
2 B
(
( T
6
#
("
& ( (#
(
(
( 2 5
(@
2 2B
2 5
(
B

!(

%
( !

(8

(0
(

( VV 6 (2
5
(
5
(
#
2 )=;<
%
3

6
(

( 5

2
(
+ [6

*
!(

(
@
2 2<B

( + [ 6(
++ (

6(

(
%

/(2 %
(
!
2 )=;<B >
(
(2
5
2 2@
2 5

( E

>
(

(
(

0
2 !
B
2A( (A 62
!(
1
2
!(
( (
# (
(
5 (
(
&
!
2 5
(
(
(
:

(
(
(
(
!@
2 NBK
(
(
!
(
(
(
< @
2 B 3
(
(
5
( / / ..

%
2
5

: [6
4

(
N

( 5

(2

0
(

@
2 (

" !

( #

(
6
5

#
!F
(!
6

Pag. 31 de 117

6 (2
!
!( 4

/(2
(
2 6
!

(
5

(5

A
(
&

( (
!
(

(
(

(
(
/(
%

&

5 >

EJQ!
/%'( # (
&
*7 "
# #$ ) "
>%#&
" &
(
.

#
,(
#

(
/, #

5
!
5
(

! (

(
(
(
&
@>=B

(
%

(
( (
(
A! 3
#
2 )=;<
%
(0
8
(>
(
# 2 )=;<6

&

!"*&#
:ILI

%
(

!A
(
(

2 @
2 2<B
(

5
=

(
(
5
(

6!
(
(

+++6 (2

(
(

( 2 )==;<6
!
(
(0
8
(>
@
08> B /(2
(
(
(
(
%
+: 6 (2

(
A

A
3

(
+

4%
2 2[ 6
!
5
(
!
A

88

#(!
EJQ!
(
*!) )'&
*!
!* 8JJJ
#(
&
*& (
)% *

*F
8JJJ
"%#(-

*F
:IIL

*F
8JJD
"%#(-

Fig. 2.3 Historia del PMI

/

(5
( # /
(
#F
5
(
#

(
5
(&
%

> (
(
>

(5
(

5
(
(
!

(*
*

5
!

(
(

(
(
%

( #

(
K

A
K
++ 6

(& (
(
!

(
(

(%
(
(

A
4

!
F
(
!( 4
(

6(
(
( (5

5
(

5
F

(6 (
( ! 5
6

22

Fuente: A Guide to Project Management Body of Knowledge,

Third Edition, Apndice B.

Pag. 32 de 117

/(2

(&

/(2
8 J G< F
/32
(
<F
/(2 ? !< F

/(

(!
(

( (#
! (
(

#(

( (

(
(
#

(2

K
(3

(2

>

(
*

(
#
H C3

6(
(
>

F
!

(
(

/4

)
F
5
(
( !

(< 6 F
!
K(

IF

>
(
( F

6 #
(
!

3
(

!
/4
F

(
!
(
6 (
(
A
5

!
%
3

(
&

%
(

(2
! 4
(
6

(
5

(2
(

L
(
(

/(
# (

>

6
!
F

6
(

(
!

>

@
B

>!
(
5 (6!

((
$
(

!
(
-

(2
/(
`
>
`
(

( !O
2

IF
F
(

3 G

> (
(

(
(
(

(
6
4

!0

O
2

23

(
L/
5

(
(

(2 6 F

# (

5
(

!
,6(
6 (=

( (
!'5

(
( %
@
/ /0B68

60

Fuente: http://www.pmi.org/prod/groups/public/documents/info/pir_publicationsoverview.asp

Pag. 33 de 117

%
A

(
$

* 6 (2
(

((
/(2
F

(
5F

%
(5

6(
(

(
!

A %
A
H (2 !
!

(
( *I
6 (
(
(

%
(

!
4

6
(! (

Pag. 34 de 117

8D
2 8$/

"

(
(
(

" !

(
(

(
2 !
I
B !
6
( %

(&

@
H

.
2 = 2? @
(
(
A F I
B
(
+7,
>
>!
$
$
) %
(
!
+7+
3
="$6H=5
5
(
5

5
>

/
++
!5 ( &
(
2 8$/
.
5

2 8$/ !5
3 K 2 = 2? 5
0
!B
(
>
5

2 8$/ 5 ( &
$
(
(
(
(
!
2 !

5"

&

++
(2 8$/ !

6(
3 $$?0 A
(

(
(

(
,
++

(
( #

&
2 8$/
A
: # !
2E (

!
&

:IGC

2 8$/ !
!
2 8$/

8
:IGI

#&

5
5

(
&

8JJ8
:IIL

*0 "#

6F

(
5

%
(

2 8$/

!"*&#
:IEI

(&

(
(

:IEK

(
.
( $$?0 @
$
(
(
(
> 5J

+:+
( $$?0 @ A
I
B ! (
(F (
2 = 2?6
(
!
(
( (> 5J

(
(

&
!* :

:IIG
8

8
"%#(-# *

Fig. 2.4 Historia de PRINCE2.24

3 5

24

&
2 8$/6
#

(
#

(
2 = ?! (

F
(F

(2 ) ; (
(

Fuente: Managing Successful Projects with PRINCE2, Third edition, pagina 1.

Pag. 35 de 117

8 K !+
&
*. "*!
/(

(
%
6
F
(
!

(
0
2

(
*'#(
(
F

(
#

( #
!
( #

(
!
!

6A
5
(

E ( (
2 !

- (

2 8$/

(/% "*

(2 6
!

(
6

6
6

!
!
!

!
!
F
(
(
5

- K

3
%
(

&
(&

!
5

0!"#

#
(

2 !
(

( 0
!

!"&
# +

8K:

&
! (
#

F
!

E
A

(
F
!

(
E
!

(/
L
!

"
#

#&# " &3

!" #! *)% !
(
#!
/ &# * !.(
*! &*. "*!

#! / &# *
* "

!"& $ #!/*&%
R) &*
& %&!*!

7 %"# #!/*&$

# ! */(
#

"

# #!

'

! & 7 %"# #!

'

! & * "&
*(
# #!

!!* /&* !*!

*! &*. "*!!*
R
*!." )/*&#(!

%*!.& / " " 0*!

Fig. 2.5.1.1 Caractersticas de Operaciones y Proyectos.25

/ (5
F

25

,
(
( 5

(
! (

(
!

(
(

#
-

Fuente: A Guide to Project Management Body of Knowledge, Third Edition, P. 6.

Pag. 36 de 117

?
F

5
(

(
/3 2
6A
(5 (

5
( 0
(
6A
( & (

. 2
5

(
2 !
(
5

!
! -

!
((

!E

(
!

5
#

&*$&#)#

&*. "* : A# " 0 #

#: 2# " 0 #

':

#" 0 #

<: B

&*. "* 8 A# " 0 #

#8 2# " 0 #

'8

#" 0 #

<8 B

&*. "* C A# " 0 #

#C 2# " 0 #

'C

#" 0 #

<C B

&*. "*

# 2# " 0 #

'

#" 0 #

< B

A# " 0 #

!"&# +

&*. "*!

/( # +
** )
"*2
,#' ( # !2, &&#)
"#!.
";
#! # (
#! # " 0 # !
% /&*. "*

Fig. 2.5.1.2 Definicin Programa y Administracin de Proyectos.26

3 5
2
. A

,
! (
(

26

K
!

( F

(
!

4
3

%5
2 !

(!
(

#
L
.
.
.
.
, .

(
5

# (

6(
((
#

&

(
* !
6(
(

6
!(

(
F

(
-

(
(

Fuente: A Guide to Project Management Body of Knowledge, Third Edition, PP. 8, 16.

Pag. 37 de 117

8K8
2 8$/
5
(5
$
8
(( !

(/% "*

0!"#

LH.

(
$ B
#
5 I.
A A 6 A#
5 (
!

@
)

@
)

B
E
( &
- 5
(

(
6

!
!

0
6
(

27
28

(
!
!
6 #
& (
-

" 2 8$/
!
(

(
(
( !

5(
7

5
6

!
(
6
(

(
(
(

Fuente: Managing Successful Projects with PRINCE2, Third edition, P. 314.

Fuente: Managing Successful Projects with PRINCE2, Third edition, P. 315.

Pag. 38 de 117

8L

1(!!

*FS

(2 ) ;6(
@
+%

(
(
%
!A
!
(
5

!
0(

(&
&

(&

++ 6(
( ( %
@
9 1
( (
5
!A
%
(
(

B6(

(&
(
( 6 (

&

6
6
(

5
F

((

!(
#
(

/
B6 (
(

(2

(
(&
( (
(

(
T& #!
0

* * )

"*

(2

(
#

!"&
# +

+%

6(
T& #!

&*7 "

*/

# #$ )

&*7 "

" $&#" *

"A

# #$ )

&
*7 "

# #$ )

"A

)+

&
*7 "

*!"

# #$ )

"A

)+

&
*7 " >%#(". # #$ )
&
*7 "
&*.B

%)#

!*%&

&
*7 "

&* %& )

&
*7 "

*))%

&
*7 "

"

"A

("

# #$ )

"A

"*

(
#

" $&
# +

)/*

(/&*.B

"A

)+

)+
"A

)+

( &*.B

( &*. "*B

(
# #( #
"A

( &
*. "*B

*!"*!

#" * ! # #$ )

!N # #$ )

)+

)+

# #$ )

(#(#

"A

* * )

)+

8I

&*. "*!! $R

(/&*. "*B
(
*!

&*0

%)

*& !

)+

(
# *)%

!$*!

( &*. "*B

"&*
# +

(/&*.B
( &
*.B

Fig. 2.6.1 reas de Conocimiento PMI. 30

)

!"&# +

( (#

(
F

29
30

( &
*. "* A &
*7 "

!
(

!
(!
( !

*/
F
(

# #$ )
(! (
F

"B

Fuente: A Guide to Project Management Body of Knowledge, Third Edition.

Fuente: A Guide to Project Management Body of Knowledge, Third Edition, P. 9.

Pag. 39 de 117

/
(

%
I
6 5
I!

) !"&
# +
# #$ ) "B
/

%5
H>

((
(
(
#

(
F

( (
5
I
6
5
((
H>

" $&# +

( &
*. "* A &*7 "

!
(

$A

( (
( (
$

F
( !

H>
H>
(
I
" $&#" *

(! (
%

! 5
/

%
5 6 5 6
( !
6(
4 (
&
( !

(!
6 5

!A

#
(

(H2 - $A
IC
F
(
(H2 - >
>
(
((
( !
(
(
(H2 2( IC
5 6
6
!
!
( ( !
!
( (
( !
!"&# +

)/*

(
F

%
5

I
6

(
(

/
(

(! L

(
(
(
(

!
!

(
(
H> A
(

&

IC

(!

(
(

( &
*. "* A &*7 "

!
(
H0
H0
!
I!
(

!
(
5
! F

# #$ )

"B

(! (

I
6

(
I
6

H0

(
(
H> A

(
(

(
I
)

!"&# +

( *!"*

)
/

H$
(

!"&
# +

H$
(
# #( #

(
(

%
I
6
I!

*!"

!
F

/
(

( &
*. "* A &
*7 "

# #$ )

"B

(! (
(

H
I
6

(
I
( &*. "* A &*7 " >%#(". # #$ )
!
(

F
( 5

"B

(! (
( !

Pag. 40 de 117

%
(

( (
(! 0

HN

(
HN (! (
(
(
HN

I!

I
6
(!

(
I
) !"&# +
# #$ ) "B
/

(
*!

(
(

%&
!*! %)# *!

!
5

(
(

( (
-

(F

) !"&# +
&
* %& ) " # #$ )
-

F
(

%
(!

( &*. "* A &*7 " >%#(".

&
*0

*& !

"&*

(! (
( !

&

(
6

&
*. "*

A&
*7 "

"B

F
( F

(! (
-

&
/

( (

*))%

) !"&# +
#" *
# #$ )

(
#

*)%

# +

!
!

(
(
/

!"&# +

( (
!
(

(
6

/($ (

A&
*7 "

(! (
( 5

( &*. "* A &

*7 "

( (
62(

"B

(! (
!
6

(
(
6/-

6$
(! $
( (

!
@
2 -

B /
(

!N # #$ )

!
(

(
( (

(&

2 !
(
(

6
(

* !

(& !

,
6(
(
@
9 1
! ( (

9
A
(6 ( (
(
(

31

!$*

/3 2
!
2 !
!

&
*. "*

%
( 5

"B

35 $! (B
(
!
F
(

F
!
(!
5

F
( 2
5
(

Fuente: PMP Exam Prep, Rita Mulcahy, Third edition, P. 30.

Pag. 41 de 117

/($ (
(
5

(0
F

2 !
A

(
*

0 #

(
#

&*7 "

@
2 -

!"&
# +

# #$ )

" (4

35 $! (B
!

&*. "*
.(

&* !*!
#(-# +

&* !*!
(
# # +
&* !*!
7 % +

&* !*!
* "&*(

&* !*!
&
&

Fig. 2.6.2 Ciclo de vida de la Admin. de un Proyecto segn PMI.32

/(

(&
F

/(

!
(

/(

/(

/(

& !

F
F

(
!

((

2(
(

% F

!(

(
(

(& (

! !

(
(

5 (

32

Fuente: A Guide to Project Management Body of Knowledge, Third Edition, P. 38.

Pag. 42 de 117

&%/*

&%/*
(
#

0(
" &# +
(
*!/&* !*!

&
* !*!
7 % +

&
* !*!
# +
&%/*
&* !*!
* "*& *. * "&*(

&
%/* &* !*!
#(-# +

&%/* &
* !*!
&
&

)/*

#(

Fig. 2.6.3 Interaccin de los grupos de procesos en un proyecto.33

/ (5
!
6

(
(
F

&

0
(0

((
(

(
( (

33

(
4

(&
2 !

Fuente: A Guide to Project Management Body of Knowledge, Third Edition, P. 68.

Pag. 43 de 117

"0 #
#(-# +

(
#

>(
!

$
(

!! $R

# +

(
*

0 #

(/&
*. "*

7 % +
/((
( !

!2(

* "&
*(

&
&
(

(
(

!
!

(
-

F
-!

(
*

!
$

(6
!
(

(
(

T)>
(

!
(&

9 5
(
0
5

$
T)>

(
((

(
(
(

(&

(
(
( (

(
(

( 0 A

F
-

( (

(
(
!
(

(
(

1 (&
(H2 $A
I

(
(

((

(
! (
(

9 5
(
4
( !
0
(

(
(

2(
( (

((

((
0
@(
!
$

5
(

GA(
(
(
(
-5

=
(
(
=
(
3(
G G5
5

6( 5
B

(
(

(
((
(
&
!

(
(


         

34



Fuente: PMP Exam Prep, Rita Mulcahy, Third edition, P. 31.

Pag. 44 de 117

!"# *
;"* *!., &&#)
"#!!%$ & *!/*& (
# ) !"&# +
/&*. "*!CK

;"* * *

&
&#)

"#

*)

"#&*

!
@
; G5
5
2

@
2

$A

(
>
5

G)

(
!(
6
(5 (
% 5
!

F
(
(
F

G J >

(&

(
(

F
!
*

((

6
(

!
(

(:C

$#

(
!

$
/
/

(2 A
(

# @
$2 C
A CB

(2
!?
@
2/ ?C2
J ? A F CB
"

F
!F

-@
?

0 %(
J B

/
M.B

A(

(&
(
?
!

(
!

( (
(

(J

(
(

#(

(
5 (

&
6

(!(

B
(

(
N

(!

B
(

(
$

B
(

(!

B
(

(
?

B
(

B
(

@
2 B

(
?

(
@
2 B

#
%

> E

>

(
@
)

B
((

!
@
2 0
!
@
2 0
!
@
2 0
!
@
2 0
!
@
2 -

!
@
2 0
!
@
2 0
!

F#

( (

(B

-M

(
(
F (

(!

0
(
@
=

!
/

F
#

!
@
2 -

! 5
@
1A
6$
/5
5
6 AG J
B
9(
9( 0 (
! B

0 %(
@
/

"*

" %5
@
T
CT)>CB

T& #
* * )
*
! )/(#

/#&#(
#

5
- F#(

!
@
2 0
!
@
2 0
A
@
2 -

B
(

B
(

(
!

(6
8
3

(
( B

!
?

F
((
5
((

5
(
(
%
F

35

(
@
" ( 2(

(
B

(
( (

(
F

(&
( (
6
-

5
!

0
A
@
2 -

(
(
(

H" ( 2(

(
!

B
I

( !
@
2 - N

(!

Fuente: PMP Exam Prep, Rita Mulcahy, Third Edition.

Pag. 45 de 117

(
B

? (

@
? (

2
2 !
(
(
,
@
1
2 -

#=

&

$A
$
9(
9 ( 829B

()
8

(( @
1

@
8

4
(

F
((

(
@
$

2 1
J G

E 2
& (6/4

(
62 !

A
0
$#

("
6
!
5

&
(
6
=5
5 B

!
(
-6 (

(A

(&

(
6 (&
(

4
-

(
6

A
4

(L

@
5

>
(

>

>

&

)
)$ B

@
)

(
(N

(
(

(&
F

A
F

(&

>

(
!
6
(
. )$ a
5
5
!

0
@
?

(!

?B

(
C?N B

)$ b
5
?
F
& (
1(

5
#F
(

(
5
(

*# !
-

>= +

>

>

(
%

" %5

(&
(

7@ ( 5

(
F

&
(

B
(

B
((

>

(
&F

A!
(

(
(

!
@
2 - ?
(
0
!
@
2 - ?
(
2 - ?
0
!
!
6 0
!
@
2 - $
0
(
!
@
2 - $
0
5
!
5
(
@
2 - $
5
.
F

5 A

@
2!

B
(

&

@
8 J G

B
0 %(

!
@
2 0
!
@
2 0
!
@
2 0
!
@
2 -

B
(

!
N
!
N
!
N
!
N
!
N

(
(

( !

0
A
@
2 -

(
B

(
B

(
B

(!

(!

(!

(!

(!

A !7
#
(
!

(
B

0
(
@
2 0
(
@
2 0
(
@
2 0
(
@
2 0
(
@
2 -

(
!

Pag. 46 de 117

(
6

0
A
@
2 -

(
!

B
(

&

65 (

6$

6>

0
A
@
2 -

(
!

B
-

5
(

!7

/5

5
(
L?
( !
6

6
6

6
!
(
3
( (
5
(
L1
6
>
A 6T A J (
6$
6
$ 5
3
(
(6
6
5 & 6
? # cK(
(? #V
? #F A (
( 5
A
!
1
A
5
(
6(
- (
(
6
F
%
L (
6 (
-6
-6
6
?
(
(
(
*

# V !c

&

0
A
@
2 -

(
!

0
A
@
2 -

(
!

B
0
A
@
2 -

(
!

0
A
@
2 -

(
!

B
$

(
( (!( 5
(E

% F
L @ C BO K

(
(

@
2 -

$
B

/
@

&
@ G
9(

5
(

4B
/

F
(
L(

E
(
(
"
(
4
C
(
($
@
$
?
!
( @
?
2
1- @
14 2 B !=
@
2 A
=
B /4
(
(
4

(
(
!
(
(
L
(B6
(
B6

!
@
2 0
!
@
2 0
!
@
2 -

B
(

B
(

0
(
@
2 -

$
A
!(

  
  
     

Pag. 47 de 117


8E

1(!!

8
8
(
*
!"&
# +

#)

0 #
(
#
%
&
*. "*

&*7 " (4 . (
@

"#&
"

)/&
@

$ %/ # &*7 "
&%

" #"
#&%

W
(
#

&*. "*

$ # &*7 "
&
*. "*

(
#

# +

* "&*(
( $ # "#$

* "&*(
@

% #4
#!

# #$ $ &*7 "

# 77
#

"& $#

# #$ $ "#$

!"&#&() " !

@
&
@

(0 &.
/&* % "*!
*%

#& !

(
#4
#!

& "

$ # &*7 "

&*. "*

(
*! $ # &*7 "

&&

% /&*. "*

Fig. 2.7.1 Ciclo de vida Administracin de Proyecto segn PRINCE2.36

3 5
(
(

36

7
(
(

(
( (
(
2 8$/ 6 ( ( %5
(
! ( E(

!
:
(

6(
(

Fuente: Managing Successful Projects with PRINCE2 - Reference Manual, Third edition.

Pag. 48 de 117

* "&
*(

&

!"&# +

* 4$%&# *

#)' *!

#!*

$* *

( &
*. "*
&$# -# +

)/&
&
%
&*. "*

#&

)
(#
"#/#!

* "&*(
#&
% # "#/#

%
&*. "*

&&
&*. "*

# 77
# *
"& $#
/&* % "*!

#( #
#)' "
(
/&
*. "*

(
#

# +

!"&# +
!$*!

(
#

* "&*(!

Fig. 2.7.2 Procesos y componentes de PRINCE237

/ ( 5
2 8$/ 6(

>

7 $(
: 2(

)
=
2(
$

7
(

. 02 - @
>.BK
0 2 - @2BK
0 2 - @ 2BK
>
)
@
>)BK
(
( 0>
@
$>BK
2
( !@ 2BK
02 - @
$2BK
@
23B C (
$

K
K
@(
2
BK
(K
,
5 GK
N (! 0 2 - /
7 $ 5
K
8. $A
$
(
K
37

(
:

!
6:

( #

? A F

Fuente: Managing Successful Projects with PRINCE2 - Reference Manual, Third edition, P. 11.

Pag. 49 de 117

2
C)
$A
$
N (!

2(
(
J

Fig. 2.7.3 Procesos en PRINCE2.38

/

( 5

(5
(-

(
*

(
*

/&
* !*!

2 8$/ 6
(,

( :

:B

)/&

(
!
!

&% /&
*. "*@

!
%
(
(

A "#&
"

2 8$/ /
*
/
&
( F
!
(

(
F
(

C
(

B
(
F
5
F

(
* !

$ %/ # &*7 " @

/(
)

38

/(

A
(

( #

(
(

(F
!

% (

Fuente: Managing Successful Projects with PRINCE2 - Reference Manual, pag. 12.

Pag. 50 de 117

4
( (

3
4
.
%
/( (
8
!(
!

CB

5
F
( 1

6
(

(5 ((

&
*. "*A

" #"

$# &
*7 "

&

!(
(

/(

5
6

F
( !
(
(
( !

(-

/(

(5
(

(
6%
-

( (
(5

5
@

(
-

*%

#& !

(L

(
(
5

(
!

&
( 5
(
(

/(

4
#! A # #$ $ "#$

2(

(2 !
!
(
! %(
F
(

(
( F
(
% (
6

( !
( !

!"&#&(
3
) " !

/
5

(
F

#&%

((

$ # &*7 "

DB

(&

&
*. "* A & "

( !
A
F (
A!
(
(
0(
F
(
4
2(
(1

&$ &%

/(
A

A
(
(
6

8B

(
B

( -

6
B6

! (

B
(
@( 5
!

5
6

(&

Pag. 51 de 117

KB

* "&*(
#&% #4
#! A * "&
*(
( $ # "#$

(! (

5
F

(5

$(

(
&

L
-

(&

(
(

(
?

(
F

(
%

(5

(!

6 #

LB

7
*

/
(

&

(&

- (F
(

9 5
!
! F

9 5

EB

/&
* % "*!A # #$ $ &
* %"

5 ( F
(
(
(
( !

"& $#

F
/( (

6(

(
(

AF

&&
#&% /&
*. "* A (
*! $ # &
*7 "

/( / 5F

(&
(

(
&

B
(

!
6(

(0 &
.

(
(
5

(&
( 5

5
6

B
(
(

/(
( 5
5 (

Pag. 52 de 117

9 5

9 5
=

(
(

L
(&

F
(

(
(

2(

@
2 B

( A
(

( (

GB

(
!F

&

(
# 4# +

/(

0
0

( 5
6
-

(L

(&

2 8$/
(&

1
!

&

( (

B
!

(&

(
5 @
/2 6>. B
(
!
@2 B
(
5 @ 1 6>) B
((
!
@
>) B
F
- @2B
(
4
@ 1 6>) B

5 (
(
F

K ((
(&
(

!
!

6
-

( 5

!
!

(&

F
L

0 (& (
/

(
(&

% F
(&
6

0 (& !

F
%

A(
#

(
!F
6

($(

(
(& ( ( 5

F
!%

Pag. 53 de 117

*!G *)/*

" !

CI

Fig. 2.7.4 Componentes de PRINCE.

3 5
5

39

7
7 6(

(
%

2 8$/6
(

(
(

( #

Fuente: Managing Successful Projects with PRINCE2 - Reference Manual, Third edition.

Pag. 54 de 117

" !.";

#!

(
*!/&* !*!

Controles

Planes
Calidad
Manejo de Riesgo
Caso de negocio
Controles

Iniciar un
Proyecto

Proceso de control
de una fase

Controles
Control de cambios
Admin. Config.

Revisin de
calidad

Planes
Manejo de Riesgo
Organizacin
Caso de negocio

Emprender
un
Proyecto

Proceso de Direccin de un Proyecto

&

Proceso de Planeacin

*)/*

Control de
calidad
Control de cambios
Planes
Controles

Manjejando
entrega de
productos

Componentes

Planes
Caso de negocio
Manejo de Riesgo
Controles
Organizacin

Administrar limites
de la fase

Proceso de cierre
de un proyecto

Procesos
Tcnicas

Controles

Planeacin
basada en
producto

Admin. Config.
Caso de negocio

Fig. 2.7.5 Componentes y tcnicas en los procesos de PRINCE2. DJ

/ (5
2 8$/ 2
(&
@
(

40

7,
(
(

(
( :
B !( :
- !F
(

F
(
6(

(
(
(6(
(

( #
F

Fuente: Managing Successful Projects with PRINCE2 - Reference Manual, Third edition, P. 19.

Pag. 55 de 117

8G
2 8$/
2 !

*)/#&
#

! (2 ) ;<
!
(
( !

8S *
# F
K
(

A A6

(
(

6
F

%
(
!

(
E(
(
(

(
(
(

(
( %
%
(-

($ (

( #

0
0
0
0
/(

5
5
5
5

!(
5

6
(

6
(2 !
(
6

E
!
!
GA (
(
F
(@ (
#

(0
(

# 2 ) ;<
(

*FS

#
6
(
(F

6
(
#

2 8$/ <6(
(
(
5
%

L
5

5
(B

%(
5

Pag. 56 de 117

(
2 !

(0

(
*

0 #
&*7 "

(
#

( #
6

!"&
# +

# #$ )

" (4

&
*. "*

($ (

8
(
*
!"&
# +

#)

.(
"#&"

)/&
@

$%/ # &*7 "

&%

" #"
#&%

&* !*!
(
# # +

W
(
#

&
*. "*
$

# +
* "&*(
( $# "#$

* "&
*(
@

# #$ $ "#$

!"&
#&() " !

&
@
&
&

(0 &
.

"& $#

&
* !*!
&&

% #4
#!

# #$ $ &*7 "

# 77
#

&* !*!
* "&*(

&*. "*

$# &
*7 "

(
#

&* !*!
7 % +

0 #
(
#
%
&*. "*

&*7 " (4 . (
@

&* !*!
#(-# +

(
(

/&
* % "*!
*%

#& !

(
#4
#!

& "

$# &
*7 "

&
*. "*

(
*! $ # &
*7 "
% /&
*. "*

Fig. 2.8 Ciclos de vida Admin. de un proyecto PMI vs PRINCE2.

/

(5

:
(

(
(

( # >(
2 8$/ .
(
(
2 6 (

(( (
F
F

(
( (
2 8$/ ! F
!
6F

!
(2
A A (
(

41

Fuente: A Guide to Project Management Body of Knowledge, Third Edition y Managing Successful
Projects with PRINCE2 - Reference Manual, Third Edition.

Pag. 57 de 117

#'(
#K (
$% *!/&
* % "*!$

5 (

&
# *!

# #% #

2
>
2 -

F
(
5J G!O

(
#!

"* *(
*$3
#!

((
F
$

5
(
!

&

5
!

2( F
!

(5
F
!(
( !
5
!
F
(
( !
(
F
5
#
#
F
A
!
(
(!
((
(
(
/(
5

(
!
P

F Q

(
%
(

( -

(
(

(
( 5 A 6(
5

5
( (

(
!(

(
6

@
)

2(
$

(
(

2(

2(

(H$ 5
>!
I
8= >/ /8$ =80 /8 />?0
/?= =3="D
0
8 (
( #
(
A A
(
(
(
!
8= >/ /8$ =80 /8 />?0
/?= =3="D
0

5
)%
5 (&

/(
(

$
$

$A

/4

(
(

(
! (

/
4

A (

#
( #6

( B

(%
/(
!(

(
(

)%

Pag. 58 de 117

" %5
!
0(
F

& (
F
(

( ((
(
(
(
(
!

- / %
(
!5

>

!
@
T)>6T G)
>
B
> ( (T)>

G J

(
2
>

(& 6

!5

A
3 5 (
!
!
/

(!

4
(

(
!

(
65
( (

(
!

(
#

(F
(
! 5 (

F
(

(E
5
(-

%(

2(
2 !

2(

2(

2(
(
$
$

2
5
(-

(
2 !

0
@
2 2( B
( !
( $
(
B

!
6
!
(5 (
(
F
(
5
6
6
2(
6 (
! (
@
>
( %(
!
(
B
F
6
! (
2(
(
( !
5
(
B
F
5
(
( 4
2 A
!
6
(
(! 5 (
(
!

@
2T>
G J

)
B

2
F
(
H2
>
I
30 /?= =3="D
0 8=
$./8?0 $=8 />?/
/8? /"0)3/
2
F
(
2 - $A

!
F

( #

(
(
(
((

(2T>6
A (

@
$A

@
2 -

(2 !

6
(

@ G
3 B

8= >/ /8$ =80 /8 />?0

/?= =3="D
0
/ F
(
(2 @
2 B !O (

Pag. 59 de 117

(
&
F

(
( (
!
( (

2 !

@
2 -

!
!

2(

8= >/ /8$ =80 /8 />?0

/?= =3="D
0

!
F
F

(2=)> ! (T)>
-

(
(
(
- %F
(

F
!

F
(

@ F
5J G

=
=
>

@
=)>
() G J

&

8= >/ /8$ =80 /8 />?0

/?= =3="D
0

(
F

@
$A

2(

8= >/ /8$ =80 /8 />?0

/?= =3="D
0
8= >/ /8$ =80 /8 />?0
/?= =3="D
0
8= >/ /8$ =80 /8 />?0
/?= =3="D
0

/
(E

8= >/ /8$ =80 /8 />?0

/?= =3="D
0
2
F
(
(
H$
8
I@
)
$ B

@
$

(
(

(
(
(T)>

(T)> F
-

!
(
(

&
(

>=T >

(E
F

F
/

8= >/ /8$ =80 /8 />?0

/?= =3="D
0

2(

! 5 (
!
( (
(

( !
@0

(
(

(
6

%
((
6(
!

(
-

6
( !
!
(!
( !
6(
(

)
/
>
/

G J >

!
>

$T)>B
-@
>=T
5T GB
(
(
@
2>/ 2 - >
B

/
4
/
4

A (
( #
A (
( #

F
5

&
!

!
(

2
H) %

(
I! (

Pag. 60 de 117

(
(
%
!

.
(F

!
F

F
5
F

A
(
F
%5
( !
!

2(

(
(
((
6 #

6
(
( !
5
(T)>
%
F
- %F
&
(
#!
5
(
5
%
!
(
F
( (
!
(
( !
( ((

( !
(5

=
% 2(
0(

=
&
!
@
2 &
$A B
0
@
2 - >
2( B

F
%

8= >/ /8$ =80 /8 />?0

/?= =3="D
0
8= >/ /8$ =80 /8 />?0
/?= =3="D
0
(

/
#F
)

@ )>
G J >

2(
(

2(
(

8= >/ /8$ =80 /8 />?0

/?= =3="D
0
8= >/ /8$ =80 /8 />?0
/?= =3="D
0

G
B

@
>A (
2( B

(
A

8= >/ /8$ =80 /8 />?0

/?= =3="D
0
8= >/ /8$ =80 /8 />?0
/?= =3="D
0

Pag. 61 de 117



    


    
)#

*F

"* *(
*$3
#

2 )=;

(
(

(
& (
!

F
5

/(
E( !

*)

%
(

!(
!

3
( !

(F

"#&*
5
2

(
+ +!2 8$/

+7,

F
( #

(
&
$# -# +
) "* *(
*$3
#

(
#

/ %

+%

/ %

&

"#!

. (&

(T)> @
T
B

/
(2 ) ;
( A
(
4(

"& $#'(!

2
F

6:

. (&

!
F *
#

2T>@
2
) G J >
B
2 8$/
A
A
5
F A
(&
(
( !
6 (
A

A
(&
(

(
%

2 -

(
(

$A

`
2 @
2 B
3
5
(

!
!

( #
2
%
6
2 8$/
( (
(
!
F
(T)>
%
(
( F
(
(2T>
/
(
5
( # 2
A
!
(
A
( #6
2 8$/
(
(
A
2
(
(
(
%
!2 8$/
(
( (
>
(
F
(
80
5

G J

(
* %) "*
/&
*. "*
!/* !#' ( #
& "
&
*. "*!

:
!

! *)/*! +
"#& #! (/&
*. "*
&
&
#)

&

!
`
(

F
!

(
#

(
#

Pag. 62 de 117

&
"4# *

) !"&
# +
&
*0
*& !
A&
* %& ) "B
%&
!*!,%)# *!
#(
*&
A B

$# *

/(2

(2 2@
2 2 5
(M 2 5
(
2 !
B
A
( #6 A A
( %

0
/4
/

/
A
?

2
!

/4
A
/4 62
8 (

E( (67,
6 #
@
1
/4 B

(2 8$/

( #
(5
( #

5
( #

5
( #

( #
8

(
!
(

(
(

(
*

0 #

/* !*&

) !"&
# +
& !$*!
& ) *!#/&*. "*!2
/&
!* #!.
*&
$# -# * !

,
/4

( (
(H2 I
%

H/4
?

:
( # 8
I
(

2 8$/

( (
(

2 8$/

/
/

=
(
@
2 5A c
(
(
(
H
(

H2A
I!
I3
5

(
(

(
!

2=c
!

(
(
(

(
0

(
B (

>
(
H2 8$/
2 & 0J I (
&
F
(
(
A
( #
(
H>
I 5
A
(
!

0
(

!
80

5
( #
5
( #

( #
(

"#/#!

* "&
#"*!

( (

!
(

(
(4
(

(
( #
(

(
0

42

Referencia: http://www.prince2.org.uk/Web/Site/PRINCE2Qualification/FoundationExamination.asp
Referencia: http://www.prince2.org.uk/Web/Site/PRINCE2Qualification/Practitioner-Examination.asp
44
Referencia: http://www.prince2.org.uk/web/site/ValueAddedProducts/PRINCE2-Prize.asp
43

Pag. 63 de 117

8I
$
(
(
(5 (

1(!!

(
#!4
*&
"#(-#!.

6
F

A
(
5&

8I :
*&
"#(-#!

( #6 (2
5&
/
H2

'( #
5

- I
( # L2

(& !
(

(
5

&

!2 8$/

FS

FS
!

!A

5
65 (

$
(
#!

0 (&

( %
( #

8
8

(6
!F

F
(

6(

(
(
(

(2 ) G6
( %
!
6
(
F

!F
(

( #

( #
(
!
#( F
# (
%
(
(
( /
C2
C> (
/
5
(
F
( E
( (
(
( %
E
(
%

/(

F L
(

(5 (& (

!( A

6A

FS

(
E (

3
(

I! H
!

6A
(

Pag. 64 de 117

8I 8
*&
"#(-#!

(
# %3
#

8S

(
(2

( (

2(

#!

/
A

8S

( 2 8$/
(

!
(&

F
F

( (
(
A

(F
(
(

(
4

(!
L

A
=

- (

(
( #
A
6

( #
F

F !
6(
4
6(
#
E A
!
!
F
( 6
(
F
6 (
5
( 2 8$/
(
(
( !

(
(
6A
!
(
(
(@
(
@ %5
6
(
!
(
( (
@
/

(
%

(
6 (
6 %(

"

!
(
9( C9(

%
( A

!
5

%
@

A %
!(
& B6
$ # B6
(
#
6
E(
B

!(

B6

2 8$/
5
2

( #

(
A

45

8S

6
F

F
(E

( #
5
(

(
!

(6

Fuente: Managing Successful Projects with PRINCE2, OGC, Third Edition, P. 8.

Pag. 65 de 117



    
  


    
  
4

*F

4
8 A
(
( 4
8

( #

(
2

(&

! (
(

A
8

A
(

( #
#(

!
(

( #

(
(6

(
8

! (

$#

8 A
9( B

F
(

(
A

(
(

(!

(
@ %5

"

8
8

(
!

F
(

A
6

(
A

%(
8

(
> >
9(

(
(

@
/

(
8

( #

(
8

A
(

( #
#(

(
F

Pag. 66 de 117

#/3
"
%(
*
C

&
*/% !"
#!

) 7
*&
#!

&
*/% !"
#!

) 7
*&
#!

C:
?
F

*FS
( # (2
(
L 5
!(

C::
/

5
((2 ) ; (
(
6A
( F

(
( #

#!"

!
6
A
!
5 ( (
( !
K
( F
(

#!

(
K
(

( #6 4 (

"
* *(
*$3
# /#&
# #/# "
# +

(
(

(
5
!

A
A

(
(

($

(
# #/# "
# + !*

!#&
&
*(
(
*

*)/ "

%&
*( $% !" #

&
*$&
#)# +

#!

# %(
"
#)

"
*A )/*M &
)

"
B

Fig. 3.1.1.1 Tendencias de la Capacitacin.46

X
/(
(
3

( -5
5

(&
(

(
5

! (

46

Fuente: Alfonso Siliceo Aguilar, Capacitacin y desarrollo de personal , Editorial Limusa, cuarta
edicin.

F
!

(
-

*
/( /
F A
(

J
((
( -

*
/(

6
(
$ 5
6 %

* (
*
/(
(
F *

(
*
(

5
(
( (
6
(

#/# "
# +
6
6
6! #
(
(

F
(

(
6 (
6F

(A A
F

!F

(
F

6 (
(

(
(
!

5
*

`
(
F

`
6
(
%
(
(
(F 6 !
(
(
(
(

.
(
(
( #
#

#! # #
%
&6 (

#
(

F *
6A

6% /* )+0(
#/# "
# +
F
(
F
( (
%5
!(
(

* (
* !)%(
"
1 *
)(6
# 6
(

F
(

(
(

( (
(

(
6

(
6

5( 5
#
(
5

!
%

>(
(

&

( A
(

& 6 F

/(
> (

(%

A!

) !"
&# +
*

(
# #/# "
# +

JCGL J:
8?$3$ $ ,

PLANEACIN ESTRATGICA
DE LA CAPACITACIN

PLANEACIN TCTICA
Y OPERATIVA

PROCESO INSTRUCCIONAL
EVALUACIN

Fig. 3.1.1.2 Fundamentos de metodologa.47


 
  


 
  
2(

// (

47

F
2(
$
/(

$
(
(
(
A(
(&
(
(
%
!(

Creacin propia.

C:8

"
* *(
*$3
# /#&
#

A
(
!
( #
(
!
(5
&
K
(&
(
$

A!

(
(

A
&

F
6 (
H
0

% 5
(
F

(
(

(
!A

(
(

(H
0

A
(%
(2 !
I
(
( #

($

(
!

(
( K
`
(
(
(
(

6( A

($
(

(
(

6F

(
(

/
(
A A
A
#`!
( (
! 4
(

5
(

(
-

( #

K(
(
(
F

(
(

(&

(
! 5 (

((

2(

F &%

B
((

!(
(5

(
(

I@

!(

(
(

F
!
( #

( F

F
(

!
(

%
(

(2

(
-

(
*

5
6( A
(

0(
F

(
%

(5
(
5
(
6
(5
A

F
(

( #)' *

( #

/
A

7
*

6(
3
>
>
>

(
"

(
(

(
(


 
 
 
  
!

#&*

(
#&4 # +

$
( 5

5
!

#&*

!
#&*
"
&
# ! +

1(!!

(
#

# +

(
#

!"
&
# +

(
#

(
0 %(

5 (
0 %(

!
#&*
"
&
# ! +

5
5
(
2(
5 (
2(

/5 (
(

!
(
5
(

((
!
(

2(
(

!
!

#&*

0#(
%# +

2(

2(

(
(
2(

(
(

#! :2 & /#&#
4
)#

7
*

* ( #)' *

*(
# !"
&#" $ #
( #)' *

& /#&# * #( 6% /* /#&#

( # 7
* ( #)' *

!#&&*(
(
# *"
% )*
/#"
&*
*

(
*

Fig. 3.1.2.1 Fase 1, Metodologa de manejo del cambio.48

#! 82 #

7
#

!#&
&*(
(
*
()# 7
*

* ( #)' *
(
*!/(
# !
( #)' *

*)#&#
+
)/() "
#&(
*!/(
#

Fig. 3.1.2.2 Fase 2, Metodologa de manejo del cambio.

#! C2

4*&-#

* ( #)' *

*(
+ . # 1(!!
(
# &"
&*#() "
# +

#$ +!" *
'( # !
# 7
*
(
# & !!"
#

)/() "
#&#
* !
*&& "0#!.
('&
#& (
;<"
*

Fig. 3.1.2.3 Fase 3, Metodologa de manejo del cambio.

48

Creacin propia Figuras 3.1.2.1, 3.1.2.2 y 3.1.2.3

( #

A Awareness of the need of change.

Tener conocimiento de la necesidad del cambio.

D Desire to participate and support the change.

Deseo de participar y apoyar el cambio.

K Knowledge on how to change.

Conocimiento de cmo cambiar.

A Ability to implement required skills and behaviours.

Capacidad de implementar las habilidades y comportamientos requeridos.

R Reinforcement to sustain the change.

*

&*

Refuerzo para sostener el cambio.

*
&

4%

"*
*

#
#/

/4

</ &

Fig. 3.1.2.4 Metodologa de manejo del cambio ADKAR.

C:C
/

#( #

(2 ) ;
F (
#

! $)#
H
>
#6

6
(
(
( ! 4(
/
F
!
(
4(

%
%
(

I+6
(
(

>

(
(

(
A
( #

(
(
(

5( 5
#
(
* :\
(
( 6
5
!
(
>
(
6 > !6 2 (
6
J $A
(
61
46
? A 6 S 6 1 6 0))6 )( GS
G 6
>
>

#
A

(6 (

(A
(
6 (
6 80>06 3 GA

+:,6

- F

!
(
L" /6 0(
(
6)
6

( (
(

(F
(# F
5
6
# (
A
F
((
5 ((
2
(
(
6
& ( 5(
(# ( (
A& F
(
A 5
(
(
(
%
(
#

A #
(
LH
?A >

(
(
(> >
9

!
6

)(
(
5

(
#

#
/(
>

6
(
5 0 (

(
&

A F

G(
!
(
(5
>4 >
J A

(I
G(
(
-

&
@ 5

5
(

(
0 (& 6
A
(

(
(
(
5( 5
#6
!$
( @ 0 $B
6 F
@
(
! #
#
B

>

C >

>
>

(
( #

>

>
5 6
5
!
-

(
(

6 (
6
(

L
(

(
(
&

F
B
6

/(

&

(
5

C>
!

>
(

( #
&

49

Fuente: A Guide to Project Management Body of Knowledge , Third Edition, Chapter 8 Project
Quality Management, PP. 180 y 181.

7,

= 3.4 x 106
La campana de la QAlidad
>

>

%
( F

(
%

(
(

>
#
>

&
&

(
(

(
(

( (
(

F
-

>

!F
>
5
(

6 (
@
B

?
6

( ,,6
6
(
(
>
6 (
*

4
> >
/

( #
?
A6 >2$ @
$
6

(
/?/$$ =86
%5

5
#

( #
(

A
*

A
&

(
,>
2

B
6
(
(
F
(
#

>
(
(
6
2

`
(

(
(
( ! 5(
(%
(: 7

>
L
(& 6
/
#

>
(
(`
6 (
*

!
B
6

(
>

>

( #
((

>
!

@
/(2 ) ;

B
(

&

(
(
5

(
(

( #
$ (
F
(

5
(

(
(

A
>

@
(
F
( 2 /9/8$ =8 /3 /
#
F
/4
=/

!
( #

%(

% F
5(

F
(
(
5
E
#
>

6
6

#
5

(
(
F

(
>
>
@
5
F
#
(
#
(
#
6

,:

>

>
&

*)* ! )/()

!,5

"
#L

$)#

(
5
C
C
C

C
C
C

>

>

0$

@ 5 B/
5
%
5
( $?NU @
$
(
(
A
5
@
B
>(
(
5
%
/
(
(
!
(

#
*
(
(

0 (& @
0 (
!& B
C /
(
(
C
5 (
C
5
(
#
C
C
C

@
$
/

($(

L
B (

$?N
6

(
*

B
(
(
(

, $
( @
$
(
B
5 (
( &
-

4
6 ( F

! $)#

&*.

(
(

"
*!

2
4

&

*/*&"
#

!"
#

!" #)

"

*/*&"
#

>
!

' ) 7
*&#&

(
#!) 7
*&#!!* , ,#!

Fig. 3.1.3.1 Seis Sigma y la Administracin de Proyectos.

77

Fig. 3.1.3.2 Ciclo entre Seis Sigma y la Administracin de Proyectos.

  
 
     

5

0 %(

(
5

2(

(
5

0 %(
5

4
*
(

7:

C:D
/(2
5
$
$
$
A

!"
&
# +
!

( ** )

!
(
@
0
6

(
(
(

(
L (
B
!
&
@

(
(5
-

&

($
(
6
F

(
3
&
6

( ?
&

(
&

( %
%
( 4
((

6
(

&>

(
A (
5
#

(
(
%
(

!5
(

( F

(
F

(
F
-

F (
(F

(
/

&

(
(6

(&

(&

3
& 6 5(

(
!

5
(
5
%
(
(

(
(
(

$
(
(
3
F

&
(

@
F

( #

!
5
(
!
!
F &%
!
%
B

(
6 !

(
(
(
(
(!

A (
"
(
6 (
$
(
( #
!
(

&
6(

($
& -B !

3 0
(
( 0

3
!
5 (

F
!
6

"
*

A
(

(F
( (
( F

(
( 4
!

6
(
(
6

(`

H
0

3 0

%
(

6
(

(
!

`
6
(&

@
; J(
(
( (
L 4(
!%
/( 4 (
#
5
K (F
(
4
6
(
6
(
(E

F
(

6 ; B
5
/4
%
(F
(
( /( %
(
# K (
,
F
I .

(
6

50

Citado en:
http://www.pyme.com.mx/articulos_pyme/todoslosarticulos/administracion_del_conocimiento_i.htm

7+

Fig. 3.1.4.1 Transformacin del conocimiento.

* 0 &"& ( * * )
*!'

2
4
3
!A
/

*!

(
#

(
!

!"
&
# +

>

(
&
* !*! `
(
`
*(
*$3
# `
(
F (
%(
"
%&# `
/

!
(

! (
(

G 9(
(
(
5
(

E
`

%
5 (

51

"
* !*

!
(

6(

(
(
6

!
! 2A(
(

</(
3"
*

(& (

6F
*
% 4
(

( * * )

4
(

"
*"
1 "
*

(
L

(
F

A
( ! F

(
(

(;
@ (

!
5 (

B
`

Offshore, Jan 2000, Vol. 60, issue 1, P.40.

Administracin del conocimiento.

Procesos

Cultura

Tecnologa

Fig. 3.1.4.2 Ciclo de vida del conocimiento.

3

((

  
 
  
  
 

2(

2(
/

(
5

C:K
(
%

(
(
(

(
2

*&
3
#

( #
(2
6 % (
(
%
!

5(
(

!A, &
&
#)

"
#B

6
6

(
,

5
(
A

A
L(

(
/(
>(

!*

F
(

&

(
*(6

/
(

@(
%

(
6(

(
(
(

(&

Fig. 3.1.5.1 Pasos para una Decisin.

3 5
(
-

(5
((

3
(
F

6
6
A

%
(&

6
(

(-6
(

(
5

(
6

52

La gua, A Guide to Project Management Body of Knowledge , Third Edition, hace solo mencin de
este diagrama en la pagina 248 y en el glosario.

Fig. 3.1.5.2 Proceso de toma de decisiones.

/ ( 5

(
F

/(
5

0 %(

(
(

/
/( (

@ J
(>

*&3
#

5
(

(
(

#
&
(

(
(

%
(

(
(

( %

+ !(
5
(!
(
(

F
(

(
F
(
(

(
(

!Y

*&3
#
6

%"( #
4

!
#

( !

(
(

(
3
(

6
5

(0 %(

( 0
( 5

/&*'#' ( #
(

( (
(

!+ O
(

(0 %(

*&3
#
3
5

(
(

6
0#
(

F (
( F
!
(

(
F

(
(
% F

6
(
3
!(

( 5

&

(
5
(

'

(
5
(
J

A
K

4 (
(F

&&#)

/
+: K
A

5
(F

"
#!/#&# (
# )*

T&'*(!
!+

(
(

(
# +

!*

#$&#)#!
4(
%
#*
!+

T&
'*(!
&
*'#' ( #
) (
#& !

#$&#)#!
& (0#
#

<" !+

#/#!
* * )

"
*

Fig. 3.1.5.3 Herramientas para el modelado de decisiones.53

/ (5
(
&
(

F
6 ( %


(
>(

(
-

!(
(

(
6 F

5
(
!(

  

 


!   
( %

F
(
>(
(

%
(A

(
(

( %
(
(

%(
(

(
(

( %

53

5
(
'

Creacin propia.

C:L
"
* *(
*$3
# /#&
# (
#
&
* !*!
3
)2

F
(

( #
@
)
2
( #

/(

F
B
6 (

L
*#
/
(2 ) ;
6
( F

#
!

(
(

&
3
#

E
B
6

(& !
( #
(
!

#
(
( !

A
(
!

5
6

A
!
6
( #6 (
& ( 5
(( #
A

%
#D

(
(
F (
(2 ) ;
A
6
! (

-6
L$ (

"
#/#!$
&
#(!/#&# )/()
/(
>
5 (
/
0
( 5 (
/( ( /
(
H
(
I
H
3
(
/
(
&
H
(

"

(5 (

/&* !*!
&

&

( (

(
I

H
$

&
3
#

/&* !*!

&(
*!/&* !*!# "
%#(!

!#&&*(
(
#&(
# 0!+

"4 #&(
#!#

&3
#
(
&
(

I
-

& ( 6% /*

( #

"
#&% # & $
F
( (

* #&(
*!/&* !*!6% ! &1 !%7 "
*!# (
#&

!"
#'(

(
*!/&
* !*!# ) 7
*&#&

!#&#!/#&# )*0 &! # (

*! % 0*!/&
* !*!

$* #&9 )/()

"
#& (/(
#

Fig. 3.1.6 Metodologa de Reingeniera de procesos.

:,

E (

( #

( !
@
(&
(
6(
(
!(
* (
!( A
/ (
E (
@ (
2(
( (
(
(
*
?
(
-

E (

$
0
$

%(

(
(

F B

( !
@ 5
( !
B
@
( (
6(
6
A
G
(
!
* (
( (
(
(
(( F
(
( #! (
(
(
%(
A !
(
@
5
!
B
5
(
6(
!(
F
(
((
(
( !A
(
(
(
( (
!
(
*

5
3(
0 (
>(

5F

(
(`

&
(
6 !(

( #
@ %(
* ( (
6

(
-`

!
(

!(

(
(
(

E
6(

(
(
(
(
(

! (

?
?
?
?

( #B

(F

(
!

( #

(
(
A
2(

( #

E (

(
- B

@
(
-

%@
( # (
O
5

!(

E (

( #

!
(

* (
(
(
2(
(
/ (
E (

( (
#
-

( #

L
(
(
(
(

#
#
#
#

(&
(

%(
(
(

*
5
(
(


  

 " 
 
# 
$
  
2(

(
F

(
( 2

&
0
(

2(

(
(

#
/-

(
(

:7

C:E
3 ?

*&
3
#

( : !

!"
&

@
?A
B5
A

! 5$

C?=$C
&
(&
$

(
%

%
%

* *
(&

'
(
% (

(
(

( (
6
(
3
(
? 6
F
>
#
5
6
#
F
(F
(
(
5
?
@

(
3
0

(&

( (
3

6
(
F
@
?=$2 B

!
(
5
!(

(
(F

A
2 !
A
6

( #

5 &
(?
(

!
6
( (

(E

(
6

("
(
(
F

A!
>

3 ?

3 ?

&

%
(

(
( 5
( !

6
&

(
2 !

F
((

6!

6
(

B
6

(
!

6
A

(
&

(&
#

(
#

( )
(
((
#

(
(`

5
F

(
&

#& ()
%
(
-A

#3
!(
F
(
/ (
` (
(

/( " (
(

3 ?

(
F
6

5
5

>

(
F

6
(

5
(
(

!
%

( F
(
/
6 ( F
(
*
(

54

%
(

5
6

&
(

&

3
(

Referencia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theory_of_constraints#Project_Management

::

/((

!
-6 ( F

(
(

5 6

6 ( (

((
(

(
$

&
!
F * K( (
!
6
6
(
! #
(
A!
5
( L
/
(
(
5
!
(
6
!
>
(
F
4
&
F
!
6
4
E
%
5
#( ) F
( "
F
4
- !
5 (
(
%
>

&
(

/(
5
, 2

3 ?

E( (
-

6 (
!
F

% 4

!
C

!
5
(

! (

6
(

(
&

5
5 @
(
(
( A
6 !
5
/ (5
( @
!

(! L

5
- F

(
5

4 (

-F
A
5
6 !(

A
!

0(

/!
/ .

!(

(
( #
(

!
!
&

0 .
) .
$ .

L 5 A

( 6

/(

E( ( 6
(&
(
6
5
#( (

L
5 (
(
F
!
A
/4
-

E
!(
( #6
(

4
*6
F

(
(

( (
(

!
*

6
(

(
!

( (K
@ 5
5 B

5
5
!
?=$ @
?A
4
(

B!
! 5$
%

(
B

5
(

(
!

:+

/(

?=$
(%

6 (
/4 (
A
.
%

5
( 5F
6 !
!
(
6!

(
(

( (

!
(

(%
(
?=$ /
F
( -

?=$ (
5 6

&
!
/
( !
6!
(
F
A!
A!6
(
5
!
(
E( (

(
("

!
3
(

( F
A

(?
!

(
5

!
-

*"
# 3

#
/&
*.

#
( "
5F
"

(
(2 @
2 -

(
"(

"
"
*!KE

'1! #)

C
C
C
C

( #

"

/ ( 2(
/ ($(
&
/ (>
&
/ (
(!

(+
(

(
(

#/( # *

/
!
,

(
#

(2 !
(2 !
(
(
(
( !

(
K

2 !
6
2 !
B,,

:@
(
# (
# # +
( &
*. "
*
!
H
($
(
( 5
(
(
(
F
A
5
F
(
-F
F A
3
,:
& F ( H
> GA ( I
!(
!
(
((

# )

!"
&# +

(
3 5
&F
(
(
( !

I@
8 J G
(

( B
6
%
(

(
(

3
(

55

Fuente: http://www.ewh.ieee.org/soc/pes/uruguay/ccpm.htm
Existen dos libros de Goldratt donde se relaciona la teora de restricciones con PRINCE2, son: Critical
Chain (Cadena Crtica) y Theory Of Constraints de Eliyahu M. Goldratt.
57
Fuente: http://www.goldratt.com/tocpmwp2.htm, Theory of Constraints Project Management.
58
Stakeholders en este sentido significa Grupos de inters.
56

8@
/(

(
#

#(

#&-# +

( &
*.
(

"
*

(
/ (

!
L (
F
!
5
>(
#
!

6(

( $
&F

(
#

(
6 ( 0
(

&

/(

&3
"#

%"
#

5
(
( A
$# C A

$#

&3
"#

(
/
5

& %&
!*!
"
#(4*&)# 6%
/&*& # ! (/&*. "
*

@
$
4

($A
2 &
(

$#
(
&

!
&

("
&#'#7
*

(A A
&
6

(/&
*.

!
(

%
%

(
(
(

&
@

5
&
#

6 (

5
E( (
( ?=$6
C (
(

(
?#

"
*

2 !

!
A
(
A

$
! 5

&
* -# +

(
6

!% (
0 (
*! * 4( "
*!
&# (
# &%"
# )1! *&
"
#

2 !
5
E( (
$

C@

"4 # (
#&
%"
#
"
#& #! /
" !)#!(
#&
$#
!% (
0 (
*! * 4( "
*!
& %&
!*! # */&*& # #
(
#&
%"
# &
3
"#

;"
**
#
# &3
"#

/(
%

M$

0
$$2 B

($A

!
(

$#

;"
**
%"
# &
3
"#

@
$

(
!

&

! (

%# * (
# !/* ' ( #
& %&!*! * !& !"
& +

&

* 6 (

5
6
%
(
- 0 F

(
3

&
F

(
(
/
(

( 5 A

A
(
(
(

(
-

6
( (

D@

(
(

(2 !

(
(

5 (
((

#
(

(
((

"
() 5
5

"

1
(

! #

(
!

(&

3
3

(
#

"

2 !

( 0

%
(
(

2 !
F
9
(

(
6! (
(

!0

6
/

!"
&# +

6 "
(6

&
*.

% %
- %
(

"
*!

(&
5

A
(
&

%
!F

! /(
(
%5

! 5

!
-

!
(&

2 !
#

)5
5
(
( !5
(
@
!

2 !

(F
%

(
!

"

2 !

%
F

(
#

2 !
(! 5

(
(

!
(

>
6 "
! 5
5
F
*
(

*!

(
!
3
A(
( !
( !
. "
!
@
! (
B

(
5(
(
(
5 &!
3
(&
() 5
5 ! (

( "

() 5
5@
A(
6
(B
6

5J

(
! %
(

( A
( ?=$
!

"

( !
F 5

( (
5
( !

6
%
(
%(

(
(

A(
() 5
5
(
#

!
(

1
(

((
(
(

"
*

(
(
!( 5 A
#

(
(

(/&
*.

3
>

&
%

(* "
&
*(. 0!' ( #

/(

(
!

C
%
*

!(
!

&

>
!
>

*(
(
(
! $A
G
!9

60

F (?
(
6 0
/

(
(
L=
2 !

A
!

@
6 ?

#
B
6
6

 % 
 


# 
 

 

2(

(
$#
(

2(

C:G

0"
#

!$*!
%

(
#! !")# *

6
(

(&

(
(

6
%( ( F
(&
6

(
F

(&

!
!

(
(

(&

!
F
(

6
(

(
F

(
(

L
/ (
/ (
/ (

5 A !
5 &

@
/
- @ 5
(

2(
((
@
0

B
/ (
, / (

(
(

$
%

5
(

(
A
!

6
(

(
F

/(2

(
F

#
5
%

F
A
.
5
5
(-

2
(

!
5
(

#
#
6 (
!
(
2

6
A
(
6
!

%
(

(
6

(
(

(
#

E
E

!
6(
(

( %( (

! (

$
5
(

6
(

%
( (

!
!
A

(F

6
(

(
(

(
A

6
(
?(
(
(

( %( (
5

(
-

!
(

E( !

"!

!$*!

(
#! !")# *

#) (#& # 6 F
&
A 4
(
-6
7
#' ( # 6 F

&
*<)

% F
(

(
(A

# 6
(
(
F
F
(

*.

(F
6 5
(!
A!

F
(F

(
(
6

(
E 6
(

(
(6
(

*!' ( #
(& !$*

*!' ( #
(& !$*

*.

)/*
Fig. 3.1.8.1 Fuente de Sesgo (proximidad).59
&
*/

59

% # 6

6
F
(

( F
(
5
5

5
-

5
6

(&

!
A!

Creacin propia.

+,

%&3
!" #

#) (#& #

&
*<)

Fuentes de Sesgo en
la estimacin de
riesgos dentro de la
administracin de
proyectos.

&*/

7
#'( #

% #

Fig. 3.1.8.2 Fuentes de Sesgo.60

!"* #

* (

!$*

>

6
(!

6
(

/4

3
6

(
( 5

5
F
;

(
(

K(

#!
(

#!
6

;"
**
(

( (

*)/#&
#"0#!
(
( (6

(A
K (
(

$
5

F
!

&

@
$

(
(

F
(
( (

6
(
(
B

(B

(
(

!
!(

(
(

(
6
( (

!"
# * #"
%&
#( $

(
(
(! (

(
%

4 "
*&#! 3 5 (
6 F
(
6
(5
6
6 5
-

(
%
@

(
(

60

F
#

- (
( %( (

/
A A

Creacin Propia.

3 5 (
6
F

5&

(2 ) ;
(
(

A
%
( !

(
!

%( (

  

 & 
 
'     

F
>

/ (

>(

(
!

/(

2(

&
#

+7

C:I
$#
/&
* !*!
/(2 ) ; (
6 ! (
( (
/
( A
!
A
0
(2 )=;
(

" #F
(
%
!
!
F (
!

"
&
# #!@!#( #!

4(
( I

(
6
I!H
5&

A
(
I

(
(
(
I! H
I!
(
A
4( 6
F
(0
(
(
F
!
E (
#
A
( H
I!H
I

&* !*!
#(-# +

(
*!

6
(
A
( A

A
( H

(
(
!

*(
#!

&
(

(& (
#
(
!
2 !
2 )=;6
(

&
* !*!
(
# # +

&
* !*!
7 % +

&
* !*!
*"
&*(

*
&* !*!
&
&

7
%!" !#(
/(
#
(
/&
*. "
*?

(#
*)/("
*?

Fig. 3.1.9(a) Diagrama de flujo Gpos. de Proc. PMBoK, Muhamed.61

$

(
2 ) ;6
(
+

( H
(

A
!
(

2 !

I!H
$
"

61

Fuente: Brainstorming The PMBOKGuide, Muhamed Abdomerovic, Project Management

Publications, February 2004.

+:

&
* !*!

I :J :: :8 :C

:D :K :L

:E :G :I 8J

&* !*!

(
#

#(-# +

&* !*!

# +

7 % +

&* !*!

* "
&
*(
&* !*!

&&

Fig. 3.1.9(b) Secuencia de procesos Muhamed (alto nivel).62

!

(
*!
K

I :J :: :8 :C

:8 8 C :

:D :K :L

&* %& )
D:C:

I8C:

:J : C :

" * %)

"
!

&
*7 " (
#

&
*7 "!"
#44 #!!$

*))%

#"*

# #$ )

" (
#

G : C : >%#("
.

G:C8

# #$ )

/&
#"* #(

" (
#

"* !

,#!"
#
:8 C C :

Z
&
*/*!#(

D 8 C : X *&N& !%(
"
!
G 8 C : >%#("
. )/&
*0 )
ICC:

&4*&
)#

"

)/&
*0 )

"
!
:J 8 C :

&*7 "& *& !

Fig. 3.1.9(c) Ligas Input y Outpus, Muhamed.63

62

Fuente: Brainstorming The PMBOKGuide, Muhamed Abdomerovic, Project Management

Publications, February 2004.
63
Fuente: Brainstorming The PMBOKGuide, Muhamed Abdomerovic.

++

C8
/

(
#

%3
#

(
(

((

#
0

6
:
2 8$/
A

(
!

2 8$/
6A
6 ! F
A
(

(
:
6 (

( #6
A
(

5(

C 8 : )/()
0 $# *
/(9 (

@
/

"
#&(
#"
;

( B

#(
*&

( (
(
(
- 5
(-

(
4
(T)> ( (

!
3

( #

(
-

#&# )
& (
- #&# )
( (

( T)>6 (
* !

!
(

( (
(

(
-

B
( (
6

( (

*0 7
*

)
$
5T G> A
@
$
(
(
& B
)
$
5T G 2 5
@
$
(
B
0
($
5T G 2 5
@
$
(
(
B

9(
(
-

( (

! )/ [*

& (/&
*$& !*
(
;&
)

@
/
((
! (
( !

5
(-

&
+ )*
0 7
*
)$T>

&
+ )*
% 0*
29
2(
(

)$T2

/9

0$T2

0$

&
)

( (

(
(T)>B

* % 0*

9(
B

@ (

9(
B

@
9(

( $
(
B

@(

@
$

Fig. 3.2.1(a) Forma de obtener las Formulas para EV.

!"

!"

# $

" #%"

% &%

$
+

&
'

$
!

&
'
,$&
'

.
+
$-

.
!

&
'
$
%

$
$
%

"

&
'
)
&
'
!

#
"

&
'

Varianza en el costo = BCWP - ACWP

Varianza en el calendario = BCWP - BCWS

Varianza en el
Calendario
Horas /
Dlares

BCWS
ACWP

Varianza en
costo

BCWP

Tiempo
Fig. 3.2.1(b) Varianza en el costo y en el calendario EV.

C88
3

! #

7*
!

&
F
6 A

&*!
!

!
!

&
( #

A
(

A
/(2
H
2 -

!
2
!

F
-

(
# # +
& 6% & )
"
*!
! &0 *!

1(! !
,# & *
*)/&#&

(
#

I
6(
F

%
( (!
%
F

(
(

&

F
F

!*( "
%
! &0 *!

& # +
(

/ +
*( "
% !

(
+
(
/&*0
*&

0! +
/&*/% !"
#!

&)#
(
* "
&#"
*

!"
&# +
* "
&#"
*!

)
!"
&# +
%&# " (
/&*. "
*

&&
* "
&#"
*

&)

# +

Fig. 3.2.2 Pasos para la adquisicin de bienes y servicios.64

(
 



 

(
 



 
2(

/$

64

0 %( $
!B
F
@ F
5 2
2(
(
$

@ G
C 12
(
B

5
F

0
$

(
!

Creacin propia basada en A Guide to Project Management Body of Knowledge , Third Edition.

C8C
3
F

A
A A
(2
F &%
0
A A F

7*

2 8$/ 6
(2
(
(
#
A

#)' *
(

(
( #
( !(

H
(
A

!
(
(
($
I
( #K ( F
%

( #
(

(
(
6

2 8$/ 6
!

(
%! *

&#(!

(
%! *

&#(!

0
F

( # 6 (
2 !2 8$/
(
(
( #
(
!
@
(&
(
H 7 $
2 8$/ <
2 ) ;< I
B!
5
(- (
%
(
(
!
6
(
F
(&
(
(
F 8=
(6
F
(
(
!
5
6
2 8$/
% 5
!
( (
!
6
F (
( #
(2
%
(
6 A
!
6 (
(
%
K
6
(
6
(
(
(&
(
(!
5
(
! (
F
8=
(
( # 6 *)* ( # 7*
( #)' * @
H
( #
($
I
B
6
) !"
&# +
( * * )
"
* @
H , 0
( $
I
B
2
"
* *(
*$3
# /#&# (
#
#/# "
# + @
H
( #
I
B
K (%!*
, &&#)
"
#! *)*
*&3
#
!* ! @
H
? #
I
B
. *&3
#
!"
&
* ! @
H :? #
I
B
?
(0
2 !
6
( &
A
(
(
( #
!
F
(!
$
F
!F
(& (
(
A
F
4
(
(
(
(
(
(6
%
F
!
%
(
(
>
4
%
!
%
A
F 5 (
(
0
2 !
6 (
A
A
( A
!
( #
(
%
!
(
(!
A
2 ! 2 8$/ 6
(
(
F
(
0
( # 2 !2 8$/
%
5
(
(
6
% (0
2 !
( (
!
(F
% (
!
F
(
(
%
(
6 ! F (
! #
(
% 5
(
(
(
!
,
F
(
( #
6
6
6
6
%
!A
6F
(
%
K
( # E
6
( !
F
(
( K
!
!
0
2 !
6
%
(
(
(
( #
4
(
(
6
(
2
& (
E
F
A
6
(
( # !
(
(
( 6
(
( K! F
(
(
(
(
!
( 6
5
6
(
6
(
(
!
(
(
(
F
! %
(

0
(
!
7 $ (
F

!2

( # @
2
! 2 8$/ B
6 ! F
2 8$/
#
( A
&
F
!

( # 6
(
(
5

% ((

(
!

(
/ = 0>
(
(
(! (

(
K

(
- /(

F (
%

(
*!#& *

(
*!#& *
(#
!

A */ B @ 3

%!

!!

#!

A #!*
!
!

C 3 H
$
5"

H
=5
5

*)/("
#&

!")# + 4 #(
( !
&14 #!

C2

(
5
5

C
(

A 2 -

BC/

6
(

(
6

) ! 5; J(

(
(

(
A F I F
(

C 2

02

"
& $#'( *
!%(
"
# * A &* % "
2
(0 &#'( *&
%" *) B
(F
( !
A
6
(
@
6
5J B 3
(
( !
# ( 5
#
6
(
6
F
6 A
(
(
(
!
(

( %F
!5
>

BC /

("

*)/("

(
5
(

2 8$/

5
#

((

*F< C 0 "

&* % "
*2

&

!I A

(/&*. "
* A !")#" "
*
(
(

$A

<C

(/&*. "
* A !")#" #" *)/("*
( !

(
2 !
(

# "
"@
"
(

$
I@
="$B

(!"
*

$* *B C
5

($

!")# + /#&#

(!
F
( (

( H 5
?
( !

G J
( -

(
(

(!

F#
(
( (

>!
%

2(

6
(

(&
(

(
(% !
!

2 8$/ F

@
>
6
((

&

0
!

(
(

(&
/(

( $( B3
(
6

%&!*

%(
(
*
( (

*" (
(
#C /
#
F A !
(

%&!* * % (
(
*
! F (

*" (
(
#C/
F A !

X #&
(

**) C .
(
( !

X *&N#&*%
( (

6
!

A# %5

&

( (
6 F

-6
5

!
( !

C /
(

&
F

(
(

F ( !

(
# N2 (
*#"A *(
$%&#B C $
&
( !
"
#N ,*( &! C 2
6 (
(
(
(

F ( !

(
(

!
6

F
F
(

6 (
%

5
(

(
!

!
#

K
(

/*&

)#

/*& " )#

($(
2 !

2 !

2 !

3
($

0
0

(
(

(
(2 !
6
0
2
(2 !
6
0
2 !
6 76 7
0
(0(
(
2 !
6 +
0
($
67
0
($
6 7+
0
(
(
2 !
6
0
(?
(
2 !
6
0
($
(2 !
6
0 %(
6:
'
6 +
$ (
6
$
( 6
$
( #6
! 5 6 ,
5
!
!
6
/
J
6 +
"
(>
6+
" %5 "
6 7

($
( H

( #6 +
I!H
I
6 +:
(
6+
# 6 ,
0

( #
2 !
6
!A
2 6 ,
(
6 +
="$6 ,
2/ ?6 :
2 6
2 8$/6 ,
2
6
2
(
6
2
6
2
(&
6
2
2(
6
2
( (
6
2
6 7
2 2
6
2 = 2?6 ,
2
( #6
2 !
6 :
2 !
A
6 7
>
6+
?
6+
?
5
6+
? #
(
6 ::
9(
@
/
( B
6
T)>6 ,

4&

#!

'(*$&14 #!

4&

#!

'(*$&14 #!

(
4
* !* ( * $% (
#&
#/# "
# + . !#&&*(
(
*
"
*& #( )%!#2 %#&"
#
&
#0
(
(
!*
#(%(
# * /&*'#' ( # !
8JJD
(
*'#( * $& !!

/ &!* #(
+

&
&*

!$*!
;"
* *! #(
" & #"0*!
$!

Z#!*
,#&0#"
&*7 " # #$ ) " "
,* *(
*$ !
( " $2 )/()
%//*&" $
"
,* *(
*$ ! #
&* !! ! 4
*& &*7 "
!
(
# F%'&
# * !%(
"
*&3
#
& &#
+2

)/& !#!2$%3
# /#&# (
#
)%!#

" $2#

&*4 ! +

%,#)
' *) &*0
&# !"
*&) $ ,
FS %
&*7 " # #$ ) " %'( #"* !2 '&%#&.8JJD
A , *)/("
4&
4
*&
(
#" $ #
,&* *(
*$ #(
(
.
/&* !! /%"
!#
*%"
/%"
!B
4
4 *4 *0 & ) " *)) &
A
# #$ $ %
!!4
%( &*7 "
!M"
,
0!
"*
%'( # + 8I /& 8JJ8
#$ DJG

B
8@

4&

# %#(

&*7 " # #$ ) " !""

%" 2
%
"
* &*7 " # #$ ) " * .*4F *M( $
28JJJ
"*
#$ :@8::
&*7 " # #$ ) " !""
%" 2
%
"
* &*7 " # #$ ) " * .*4F *M( $
2 ,&
"*
#$ :@DJC
,# ( #)) & H Z#) ! ,#)/.
$
&3
#2 &%/*
"
*& #( *&)#
"
#

%(#,.2
<#) & /
,&
"* 2
%'( #"* !
#$ :@8:G2Z%(*@8JJ:
&

*' &"
*
. *&&1!
1(! !
&" %)'& .&
"
*& #( *)% #
*& (
*!

!$* /#&# (
#"
*)#

!* !

4&

#!

X (*) "
*"
,
A L
O
O
JJJ
X (*) "
*
A L
O
O
JJJ

"&
4
4 #(
GO

&

"
8 M '! "

"
O

X (*) "
*#
"
&* % "* "
*"
,
A L
O
O
JJJ
(
(
GO
O

*)/#& $
L
O
O
JJJ

8S M "
,
O

4J

*FS
O

*)/#& $
L
O
O
JJJ

8S M "
,
*FS
O
(
!O
O
2

"

&#-. *(
*%&
L
O
O
JJJ
&! (

"
&* % "*
L
O
O
JJJ

0 &0 M #
L
O
O
JJJ

8?
O
JA
"
*
(
(

8
GO

!"
*&.*4"
,
O
2 =A

!"
*&.*4 &*7
L
O
O
JJJ
-

!"
*&.*4 &*7
L
O
O
JJJ F

L
O
O
JJJ

&*7

" # #$ )

"

"
,* *(
*$.

(
"A'. *% $ **
!

" # #$ )
O
2
!

"
5

" # #$ ) "
O
O
T ,

X N/ # A &*. "
* # ,#"
"
# B
A L
O
O JG
O
J GO
2 !
^

>% ! &
A L
O
O
JJJ

"
,*

8
!*%&
O O

& 4 !"
*&.*4 &*7 " # #$ )
X #!, $"
*
0 &! "
.B
A L
O
O
A
J
O
dGJ GO
2 ^
,

"

!A

"

X ,#" !
A L
O
O
JJJ

8S M "
,
*FS
O
(
!O
O
2

" # #$ )

*)/#& $
L
O
O
JJJ
5
#<X
)#

&*7

FM#N2

*&$

- O

O
JA

(
e

*M
8? #
L
O
O
JJJ (
(

A
?

L
O
O
JJJ
, :

*)/() "
F?#
O
( A Q _+,

"
&* % "* "
*
L
O
O
JJJ A

,# $
C

,# $
# #$ )
L
O
O
JJJ

"A 0 &0 MB
OA
C

&*7 " # #$ )
L
O
O
JJJ
4

"
O

*0 &0 M *4"
,
L
O
O
JJJ

O
5(
(

# #$ ) "
C
( G

#(#'(
^
A

>

(- A

e^

"
,* *(
*$. %

8
O
2 8$/ W

4 A

"
5

, *&.*4 * !"
&#
#! !
A L
O
O
JJJ (
A L
O
O
JJJ (

>\
! #'*%"
L
O
O
JJJ 5

) !"
&# +
L
O
O
JJJ !

"
!

&*7

" # #$ )

O
O

J
J

"@

&

(
4

"
&* % "*

"
*"
,

A
A

8
O

O ^5FA

(* * )
4O

"
*

&*7 " # #$ )
L
O
O
JJJ
5

" "
#
O

!!* #"* 4
*&
L
O
O
JJJ

" # #$ )
G

&*7

LJEI@: 8JJ8 &*7

L
O
O
JJJ
C ( (

$
&
L
O
O
JJJ

X ,#"
\
!
A L
O
O
A

O
A

@ !

!"+
(* * )
"
*
L
O
O
JJJ
(
)/*M &)
L
O
O
JJJ

*%&

$A

B
O

A/*&
O

#& !
5
O

#& *

*(
#[*!
^ (
^

#&& &#B
A

A
"

")# #$ )
O
N (!^
"
,* *(
*$ !
A
( !C

* !%(
"
# "
?
O
d G (O

" %

"
* /&*7 ")# #$ )
O
2 - O
7+C 4 (

"

(A

%&!*
* !%(
"
*&3
#
L
O
O
JJJ
5

# #$ ) " * !%(
" $
L
O
O JG
O
J GO

!"*4)# #$ )
L
O
O JG

K:8J
L
O
O
JJJ

- O

" * !%(
" $ ! &0
/&*0 &!
O
J GO
^
( ^

0#

&*7 " # #$ ) "AC & B

O >/ O
$
O
/ "?,
O