Life Sciences-HHMI Outreach. Copyright 2006 President and Fellows of Harvard College.

All Images and associated captions courtesy of the UC Museum of Paleontology Understanding Evolution:
http://evolution.berkeley.edu.
Life Sciences-HHMI Outreach. Copyright 2006 President and Fellows of Harvard College.
All Images and associated captions courtesy of the UC Museum of Paleontology Understanding Evolution:
http://evolution.berkeley.edu.

Learnlng goal: l can explaln
Lhe process of naLural
selecuon and glve examples
of adapLauons LhaL lead Lo
evoluuon.
NATURAL
SELECTION:

HOW
EVOLUTION
OCCURS
Life Sciences-HHMI Outreach. Copyright 2006 President and Fellows of Harvard College.
All Images and associated captions courtesy of the UC Museum of Paleontology Understanding Evolution:
http://evolution.berkeley.edu.
8LvlLW: Lvoluuon sLarLs wlLh
geneuc varlauon, whlch ls creaLed
by:
Gene Flow
Movement of genes
from one population to
another.
Sex
Sexual reproduction
causes new
combinations of genes.
Mutation
Changes in DNA
Images courtesy of http://evolution.berkeley.edu/evolibrary/article/_0_0/
Life Sciences-HHMI Outreach. Copyright 2006 President and Fellows of Harvard College.
All Images and associated captions courtesy of the UC Museum of Paleontology Understanding Evolution:
http://evolution.berkeley.edu.



Genetic Basis of Evolution
As allele frequency changes, populations evolve.
An allele (BB) could be lost
One allele could dominate and be present 100%, this is
called allele fixation.
Life Sciences-HHMI Outreach. Copyright 2006 President and Fellows of Harvard College.
All Images and associated captions courtesy of the UC Museum of Paleontology Understanding Evolution:
http://evolution.berkeley.edu.
naLural Selecuon
The process by
which individual
organlsms with
favorable LralLs are
more likely to
survive and
reproduce.

Life Sciences-HHMI Outreach. Copyright 2006 President and Fellows of Harvard College.
All Images and associated captions courtesy of the UC Museum of Paleontology Understanding Evolution:
http://evolution.berkeley.edu.
rocess of naLural Selecuon
SLep 1: Ceneuc varlauon
1here are dlerenL
forms of one LralL.
Lxample: 8eeLle coaL
color: Lan or green
Green and Brown Beetles
Image courtesy of http://evolution.berkeley.edu/evolibrary/article/_0_0
Life Sciences-HHMI Outreach. Copyright 2006 President and Fellows of Harvard College.
All Images and associated captions courtesy of the UC Museum of Paleontology Understanding Evolution:
http://evolution.berkeley.edu.
SLep 2: LlmlLed resources
lood, space, access Lo maLes,
waLer, safe hablLaL represenL
resources LhaL may be ln shorL
supply (llmlLed) ln an
envlronmenL.
Life Sciences-HHMI Outreach. Copyright 2006 President and Fellows of Harvard College.
All Images and associated captions courtesy of the UC Museum of Paleontology Understanding Evolution:
http://evolution.berkeley.edu.
Step 3: Competition
Crganlsms wlll compeLe for resources
lnLerspeclc: beLween Lwo dlerenL specles
lnLraspeclc: wlLhln one specles
Life Sciences-HHMI Outreach. Copyright 2006 President and Fellows of Harvard College.
All Images and associated captions courtesy of the UC Museum of Paleontology Understanding Evolution:
http://evolution.berkeley.edu.
1he brown LralL (whlch
ls more advanLageous ln
hldlng Lhe beeLles from
blrds on Lree bark)
allows Lhe beeLle Lo
survlve and reproduce.


Step 4: Organisms with advantageous
trait will adapt and survive.
Life Sciences-HHMI Outreach. Copyright 2006 President and Fellows of Harvard College.
All Images and associated captions courtesy of the UC Museum of Paleontology Understanding Evolution:
http://evolution.berkeley.edu.
SLep 3: More beeLles are produced
Lhan survlve
Cverproducuon of
osprlng yeL some
organlsms don'L
survlve because of
envlronmenLal
consLralnLs
D|erenna|
reproducnon
Life Sciences-HHMI Outreach. Copyright 2006 President and Fellows of Harvard College.
All Images and associated captions courtesy of the UC Museum of Paleontology Understanding Evolution:
http://evolution.berkeley.edu.
SLep 6: 1he advanLageous LralL ls
passed on Lo nexL generauon
1ralL has a geneuc
basls
1hls ls called
hered|ty- LralL can
be passed on
Life Sciences-HHMI Outreach. Copyright 2006 President and Fellows of Harvard College.
All Images and associated captions courtesy of the UC Museum of Paleontology Understanding Evolution:
http://evolution.berkeley.edu.
Lxamples of AdapLauons creaLed
Lhrough naLural Selecuon
Crchlds fool wasps
lnLo maung
wlLh Lhem, whlch
helps Lhe orchld
polllnaLe lLs
owers
Katydids have
camouage to look
like leaves
Non-poisonous king
snakes mimic
poisonous coral
snakes.
Life Sciences-HHMI Outreach. Copyright 2006 President and Fellows of Harvard College.
All Images and associated captions courtesy of the UC Museum of Paleontology Understanding Evolution:
http://evolution.berkeley.edu.
Lxample of naLural Selecuon: Lxplaln how anublouc
reslsLance has evolved


WHAT OTHER INDUSTRIES WOULD BE WORRIED ABOUT
RESISTANCE?
Life Sciences-HHMI Outreach. Copyright 2006 President and Fellows of Harvard College.
All Images and associated captions courtesy of the UC Museum of Paleontology Understanding Evolution:
http://evolution.berkeley.edu.
Spec|anon: Pow uo new Specles
Lvolve?
1hrough reproducuve lsolauon: Lwo populauons
cannoL lnLerbreed
Why?
ulerenL ume of reproducuon (owerlng ume)
ulerenL hablLaL
ulerenL maung rlLuals/courLshlp/calls
Life Sciences-HHMI Outreach. Copyright 2006 President and Fellows of Harvard College.
All Images and associated captions courtesy of the UC Museum of Paleontology Understanding Evolution:
http://evolution.berkeley.edu.
Life Sciences-HHMI Outreach. Copyright 2006 President and Fellows of Harvard College.
All Images and associated captions courtesy of the UC Museum of Paleontology Understanding Evolution:
http://evolution.berkeley.edu.
WhaL ls a specles?
Specles: a group of
organlsms LhaL can
maLe and produce
ferule osprlng
Pybrld: An organlsm
whose parenLs are Lwo
dlerenL specles (e.g.
1lger + Llon = 1lgon),
sLerlle, lnLermedlaLe
morphology
Life Sciences-HHMI Outreach. Copyright 2006 President and Fellows of Harvard College.
All Images and associated captions courtesy of the UC Museum of Paleontology Understanding Evolution:
http://evolution.berkeley.edu.
keproducnve 8arr|ers
Any mechan|sm LhaL prevents Lwo specles from
produclng fern|e and]or v|ab|e hybr|d ospr|ng.


Life Sciences-HHMI Outreach. Copyright 2006 President and Fellows of Harvard College.
All Images and associated captions courtesy of the UC Museum of Paleontology Understanding Evolution:
http://evolution.berkeley.edu.
1. re-zygonc 8arr|ers (before fern||zanon)
a. 1empora| |so|anon:
8reedlng occurs aL dlerenL
umes for dlerenL specles.
b. nab|tat |so|anon:
Specles breed ln dlerenL
hablLaLs.

c. 8ehav|ora| |so|anon:
Llule or no sexual auracuon beLween
specles.


Life Sciences-HHMI Outreach. Copyright 2006 President and Fellows of Harvard College.
All Images and associated captions courtesy of the UC Museum of Paleontology Understanding Evolution:
http://evolution.berkeley.edu.
2.ost-zygonc
8arr|ers-aher fern||zanon
a. nybr|d |nv|ab|||ty:
Pybrld zygoLes fall Lo
develop or fall Lo reach
sexual maLurlLy.
b. nybr|d ster|||ty:
Pybrld falls Lo produce
funcuonal gameLes (eggs
and sperm)
c. nybr|d breakdown:
Csprlng of hybrlds are
weak or lnferule.