Naveen Patel

Issues in Single area OSPF

As the size of the network increases there will be large number of LSAs flooded in the network, which is a overhead to the Routers. The routing table will become extremely large.

Naveen Patel

Advantage of Multiple-Area

Extensive control of routing updates. Defining areas reduce routing overhead. Speedup convergence.

Confines network instability to one area.

Improves performance.

Naveen Patel

OSPF - Network Diagram

Area 1

10.0.0.1/8 S0 S1 10.0.0.2/8

11.0.0.1/8 S0

Area 2

HYD

CHE

E0 192.168.1.1/24

Area 0

E0 192.168.2.1/24

S1 11.0.0.2/8

BAN
E0 192.168.3.1/24

LAN - 192.168.1.0/24

LAN 192.168.2.0/24

LAN - 192.168.3.0/24

Naveen Patel

Naveen Patel

Microsoft Windows 2000 [Version 5.00.2195] (C) Copyright 1985-2000 Microsoft Corp. C:\> telnet 192.168.1.1 Connecting ..... ================================ Welcome to Hyderabad Router ================================ User Access Verification password : **** Directly Connected Networks on Hyderabad> enable HYDERABAD Router password : **** Hyderabad# configure terminal 192.168.1.0 Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z. 10.0.0.0 Hyderabad(config)# interface serial 0 Hyderabad(config-if)# ip address 10.0.0.1 255.0.0.0 Hyderabad(config-if)# no shut Hyderabad(config-if)# clockrate 64000 Hyderabad(config-if)# encapsulation hdlc Hyderabad(config-if)# exit Hyderabad(config)#

Naveen Patel

Hyderabad(config)# no ip routing Hyderabad(config)# ip routing Hyderabad(config)# router ospf 1 Hyderabad(config-router)# network 192.168.1.0 0.0.0.255 area 1 Hyderabad(config-router)# network 10.0.0.0 0.255.255.255 area 1 Hyderabad(config-router)# Configuring OSPF Router(config)# router ospf <pid> Router(config-router)# network <Network ID> <wildcard mask> area <area id>

Naveen Patel

Hyderabad(config)# no ip routing Hyderabad(config)# ip routing Hyderabad(config)# router ospf 1 Hyderabad(config-router)# network 192.168.1.0 0.0.0.255 area 1 Hyderabad(config-router)# network 10.0.0.0 0.255.255.255 area 1 Hyderabad(config-router)# ^Z Hyderabad# show ip route
Codes: C - connected, S - static, I - IGRP, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2 E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGP i- IS-IS, L1-IS-IS level-1, L2-IS-IS level-2,*- candidate default U - per-user static route, o - ODR

Gateway of last resort is not set C 10.0.0.0/8 is directly connected, Serial0 O IA 11.0.0.0/8 [110/128] via 10.0.0.2, 00:01:03, Serial0 C 192.168.1.0/24 is directly connected, Ethernet0 O IA O 192.168.2.0/24 via 10.0.0.2, 00:01:03, Serial0 IA for OSPF [110/74] Metric of OSPF 110 is nothing but Administrative Distance O IA 192.168.3.0/24 [110/138] via 10.0.0.2, 00:00:13, Serial0 Inter Area routes Cost Hyderabad# Naveen Patel

Hyderabad# show ip ospf database

OSPF Router with ID (192.168.1.1) (Process ID 1)

Router Link States (Area 1)

Link ID 192.168.1.1 192.168.2.1

ADV Router 192.168.1.1 192.168.2.1

Age 272 273

Seq# Checksum Link 0x80000003 0xA163 3 0x80000002 0xBACC 2

Summary Net Link States (Area 1) Link ID 11.0.0.0 192.168.2.0 192.168.3.0 ADV Router 192.168.2.1 192.168.2.1 192.168.2.1 Age 273 273 208 Seq# 0x80000001 0x80000001 0x80000001 Checksum 0xDA15 0x8441 0xFB88

Hyderabad# show ip ospf neighbor Neighbor ID 192.168.2.1 Hyderabad# Pri 1 State FULL/ Dead Time 00:00:32 Address 10.0.0.2

Naveen Patel

Microsoft Windows 2000 [Version 5.00.2195] (C) Copyright 1985-2000 Microsoft Corp. C:\> telnet 192.168.2.1 Connecting ..... ================================ Welcome to Chennai Router ================================ User Access Verification password : **** Chennai> enable Directly Connected Networks on CHENNAI Router password : **** Chennai# configure terminal 192.168.2.0 Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z. 10.0.0.0 Chennai(config)# interface serial 1 11.0.0.0 Chennai(config-if)# ip address 10.0.0.2 255.0.0.0 Chennai(config-if)# no shut Chennai(config-if)# encapsulation hdlc Chennai(config-if)# interface serial 0 Chennai(config-if)# ip address 11.0.0.1 255.0.0.0 Chennai(config-if)# no shut Chennai(config-if)# encapsulation hdlc Naveen Patel

Chennai(config)# no ip routing Chennai(config)# ip routing Chennai(config)# router ospf 2 Chennai(config-router)# network 192.168.2.0 0.0.0.255 area 0 Chennai(config-router)# network 10.0.0.0 0.255.255.255 area 1 Chennai(config-router)# network 11.0.0.0 0.255.255.255 area 2 Configuring OSPF Chennai(config-router)# Router(config)# router ospf <pid> Router(config-router)# network <Network ID> <wildcard mask> area <area id>

Naveen Patel

Chennai(config)# no ip routing Chennai(config)# ip routing Chennai(config)# router ospf 2 Chennai(config-router)# network 192.168.2.0 0.0.0.255 area 0 Chennai(config-router)# network 10.0.0.0 0.255.255.255 area 1 Chennai(config-router)# network 11.0.0.0 0.255.255.255 area 2 Chennai(config-router)# ^Z Chennai# show ip route
Codes: C - connected, S - static, I - IGRP, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2 E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGP i- IS-IS, L1-IS-IS level-1, L2-IS-IS level-2,*- candidate default U - per-user static route, o - ODR

Gateway of last resort is not set

C 10.0.0.0/8 is directly connected, Serial1 C 11.0.0.0/8 is directly connected, Serial0 O 192.168.1.0/24 [110/74] via 10.0.0.1, 00:01:04, Serial1 C 192.168.2.0/24 is directly connected, Ethernet0 O 192.168.3.0/24 [110/74] via 11.0.0.2, Metric of but OSPF 00:00:09, Serial0 110 is nothing O for OSPF routes Administrative Distance Chennai# Cost Naveen Patel

Chennai# show ip ospf database

OSPF Router with ID (192.168.2.1) (Process ID 2)

Router Link States (Area 0) Link ID 192.168.2.1 ADV Router 192.168.2.1 Age 472 Seq# Checksum Link 0x80000002 0xEFC7 1

Summary Net Link States (Area 0)

Link ID 10.0.0.0 11.0.0.0 192.168.1.0 192.168.3.0 ADV Router 192.168.2.1 192.168.2.1 192.168.2.1 192.168.2.1 Age 462 472 452 396 Seq# 0x80000001 0x80000001 0x80000001 0x80000001 Checksum 0xE709 0xDA15 0x1274 0xFB88

Router Link States (Area 1) Link ID 192.168.1.1 192.168.2.1 --MoreADV Router 192.168.1.1 192.168.2.1 Age 463 462 Seq# Checksum Link 0x80000003 0xA163 3 0x80000002 0xBACC 2

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Summary Net Link States (Area 1) Link ID 11.0.0.0 192.168.2.0 192.168.3.0 ADV Router 192.168.2.1 192.168.2.1 192.168.2.1 Age 462 465 400 Seq# 0x80000001 0x80000001 0x80000001 Checksum 0xDA15 0x8441 0xFB88

Router Link States (Area 2)

Link ID 192.168.2.1 192.168.3.1

ADV Router 192.168.2.1 192.168.3.150

Age 415 416

Seq# Checksum Link 0x80000003 0xDAA8 2 0x80000003 0xD328 3

Summary Net Link States (Area 2)

Link ID 10.0.0.0 192.168.1.0 192.168.2.0

ADV Router 192.168.2.1 192.168.2.1 192.168.2.1

Age 465 455 475

Seq# 0x80000001 0x80000001 0x80000001

Checksum 0xE709 0x1274 0x8441

Chennai# show ip ospf Neighbor ID Pri 192.168.3.1 1 192.168.1.1 1 Chennai# Naveen Patel

neighbor State FULL/ FULL/ -

Dead Time 00:00:35 00:00:32

Address 11.0.0.2 10.0.0.1

Microsoft Windows 2000 [Version 5.00.2195] (C) Copyright 1985-2000 Microsoft Corp. C:\> telnet 192.168.3.1 Connecting ..... ================================ Welcome to Banglore Router ================================ User Access Verification password : **** Banglore> enableDirectly Connected Networks on Banglore Router password : **** Banglore# configure terminal 192.168.3.0 Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z. 11.0.0.0 Banglore(config)# interface serial 1 Banglore(config-if)# ip address 11.0.0.2 255.0.0.0 Banglore(config-if)# no shut Banglore(config-if)# clockrate 64000 Banglore(config-if)# encapsulation hdlc Banglore(config-if)# exit Banglore(config)#

Naveen Patel

Banglore(config)# no ip routing Banglore(config)# ip routing Banglore(config)# router ospf 1 Banglore(config-router)# network 192.168.3.0 0.0.0.255 area 2 Banglore(config-router)# network 11.0.0.0 0.255.255.255 area 2 Banglore(config-router)# Configuring OSPF Router(config)# router ospf <pid> Router(config-router)# network <Network ID> <wildcard mask> area <area id>

Naveen Patel

Banglore(config)# no ip routing Banglore(config)# ip routing Banglore(config)# router ospf 1 Banglore(config-router)# network 192.168.3.0 0.0.0.255 area 2 Banglore(config-router)# network 11.0.0.0 0.255.255.255 area 2 Banglore(config-router)# ^Z Banglore# show ip route
Codes: C - connected, S - static, I - IGRP, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2 E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGP i- IS-IS, L1-IS-IS level-1, L2-IS-IS level-2,*- candidate default U - per-user static route, o - ODR

Gateway of last resort is not set O IA 10.0.0.0/8 [110/128] via 11.0.0.1, 00:02:26, Serial1 C 11.0.0.0/8 is directly connected, Serial1 O IA O 192.168.1.0/24 via 11.0.0.1, 00:02:26, Serial1 IA for OSPF [110/138] Metric of but OSPF 110 is nothing O IA 192.168.2.0/24 [110/74] via 11.0.0.1, 00:02:26, Serial1 Administrative Distance Inter Area routes Cost C 192.168.3.0/24 is directly connected, Ethernet0 Banglore# Naveen Patel

Banglore# show ip ospf database

OSPF Router with ID (192.168.3.150) (Process ID 1)

Router Link States (Area 2)

Link ID 192.168.2.1 192.168.3.1

ADV Router 192.168.2.1 192.168.3.1

Age 935 934

Seq# Checksum Link 0x80000003 0xDAA8 2 0x80000003 0xD328 3

Summary Net Link States (Area 2) Link ID 10.0.0.0 192.168.1.0 192.168.2.0 ADV Router 192.168.2.1 192.168.2.1 192.168.2.1 Age 985 975 995 Seq# 0x80000001 0x80000001 0x80000001 Checksum 0xE709 0x1274 0x8441

Banglore# show ip ospf neighbor Neighbor ID 192.168.2.1 Banglore# Pri 1 State FULL/ Dead Time 00:00:36 Address 11.0.0.1

Naveen Patel

Hyderabad# ping 192.168.3.10 Type escape sequence to abort.

Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 192.168.3.1, timeout is 2 seconds:

!!!!!
Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 40/43/44 ms

Hyderabad# ping 192.168.2.10 Type escape sequence to abort.

Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 192.168.2.1, timeout is 2 seconds:

!!!!!
Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 40/43/44 ms

Hyderabad#

Naveen Patel

Chennai# ping 192.168.1.10 Type escape sequence to abort.

Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 192.168.1.1, timeout is 2 seconds:

!!!!!
Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 40/43/44 ms

Chennai# ping 192.168.3.10 Type escape sequence to abort.

Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 192.168.3.1, timeout is 2 seconds:

!!!!!
Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 40/43/44 ms

Chennai#

Naveen Patel

Banglore# ping 192.168.1.10 Type escape sequence to abort.

Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 192.168.1.1, timeout is 2 seconds:

!!!!!
Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 40/43/44 ms

Banglore# ping 192.168.2.10 Type escape sequence to abort.

Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 192.168.2.1, timeout is 2 seconds:

!!!!!
Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 40/43/44 ms

Banglore#

Naveen Patel