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TABLE OF CONTENTS
A. Introduction..........................................................................................3
1. 2. 3. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 1. 2. 3. 4. 1. 2. 3. 1. 2. Preface .....................................................................................4 Basic Considerations................................................................5 Corrosion Mechanisms...........................................................10 Iron and Steels .......................................................................52 Stainless Steels......................................................................60 Superaustenitic Stainless Steels or High-Performance Ni-rich Alloys ........................................79 Nickel and Its Alloys ...............................................................96 Copper and Its Alloys ........................................................... 106 Light Metals .......................................................................... 111 Lead, Tin and Zinc................................................................ 115 Reactive, Refractory and Noble (Precious) Metals............... 118 Nonmetallic Materials ........................................................... 124 Overview .............................................................................. 141 Corrosion by Water and Steam ............................................ 145 Corrosion by Soil .................................................................. 165 Atmospheric Corrosion ......................................................... 171 Oxidizing Acids..................................................................... 179 Reducing Acids .................................................................... 186 Carbon Dioxide..................................................................... 200 Corrosion in Alkaline Environments...................................... 203 Ammonia and its Compounds .............................................209 Salts ..................................................................................... 213 High-Temperature Phenomena ............................................ 216 General Strategy .................................................................. 224 Liquid-solvent Temperatures ............................................... 229 High Temperatures............................................................... 244 Low Temperatures ............................................................... 249 Overview .............................................................................. 252 Coatings ...............................................................................253 Changing the Environment ...................................................254 The 10 Most Important Books & Information Tools .............. 257 Materials Performance Charts, Tables & Figures................. 258
A. Introduction
Lectures about Materials & Materials Performance, and good engineering practices for Materials Selection and Corrosion Control in the Chemical Process Industries
1st Draft
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1. Preface
Materials Engineering, Corrosion & Corrosion Control, and their Importance for the Chemical Process Industries
1.1. Purpose
Proper materials selection and materials protection, i.e. protection against various corrosion phenomena in chemical environments, is of prime importance in the chemical, petrochemical, and other process industries (and in industry as a whole). In these industries proper materials engineering and corrosion control is a key issue with respect to production economics, safety, environmental issues, and at a more global level sustainable development. The purpose of this book is to introduce the fundamental concepts of materials engineering and selection including the adequate protection of materials of construction and the fundamental concepts of corrosion control to working engineers, chemical engineering students, scientists, and supervisors or plant managers in the chemical, petrochemical, and other process industries, particularly. The approach chosen discusses attributes of common materials of construction and their corrosion characteristics, the corrosive nature of common environments, corrosion phenomena and their control, and several other aspects of corrosion control.
2. Basic Considerations
Safety, Cost, Environment and Other
2.1. General
The five basic considerations in corrosion control for the chemical process industries, in descending order of importance, are: safety and reliability, cost, environmental factors, energy considerations, and materials conservation.
1st Draft
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