2.1.
Sub Kompetensi
Kemampuan yang akan dimiliki oleh mahasiswa setelah memahami isi modul
ini adalah sebagai berikut :
-
2-1
MODUL 2.
PERHITUNGAN TAHANAN KAPAL
2-2
MODUL 2.
PERHITUNGAN TAHANAN KAPAL
2. Koefisien tahanan total spesifik model (CTm) ditentukan :
R Tm
1 v 2 S
2
m
m
CTm
gesek.
CF
0,075
(Log 10 R n 2) 2
VL
), dengan yang
Fn
gL
yang
keseluruhananya
dihubungkan
berdasarkan
L BT
2-3
MODUL 2.
PERHITUNGAN TAHANAN KAPAL
2.2.3. Langkah-langkah Perhitungan Tahanan Kapal
2.2.3.1.
= ( 1+3% )lpp
cb( )wl = cb
Lpp
Lwl
Volume displasment ( )
2.2.3.2.
=lwl x b xt cbwl
2.2.3.3.
Berat displasment ( )
2.2.3.4.
cb displ
= /( ldispl x b x t )
cm displ
cp ( )
= cb displ/cm displ
2-4
MODUL 2.
PERHITUNGAN TAHANAN KAPAL
2.2.3.5.
L
)
1 / 3
Merupakan panjang garis air muat tiap volume displacement dari kapal
yang direncanakan yang kemudian digunakan dalam pemilihan grafik
untuk menentukan besarnya koefisien tahanan sisa (103 Cr),
2.2.3.6.
Vs
g.Lwl
Dinama :
Vs
Lwl
2.2.3.7.
koefisien gesek
dalam setiap benda yang bergerak dalam fluida pasti akan mengalami
gesekan sekecil apapun itu.untuk itu di lakukan penghitungan terhadap
gesekan dengan perhitungan:
Rn =
v.LWl
vk
vk adalah viskositas kinematis dari fluida dalam hal ini air laut sebesar 1.188
x 10-6
CF =
2.2.3.8.
0.075
(log Rn 2) 2
2-5
MODUL 2.
PERHITUNGAN TAHANAN KAPAL
2.2.3.9.
2.2.3.10.
mendapatkan titik yang selanjutnya dari titik itu di tarik garis lurus ke bawah
dan didapatkanlah LCB.Persentase dari kapal sebresar berapa % di depan
atau belakang kapal.
Setelah itu kita cari LCB standart sebagai fungsi linier angka Froud Fn.Besar
dari LCB standart ini dapat di cari pada Gambar 5.5.15 di buku TAHANAN
DAN PROPULSI ( Sv .Aa. Harvald )terdapat pada halaman 130.Dengan
memotongkan antara Fn dengan
garis LCB Standart di dapat :
Fn = 0.180535 LCB = +1.5 %L
Jadi basar LCB standart dari LCB standart ke arah atas sejauh 1.5 maka
didapat besar LCB standart untuk kapal dengan Fn = 0.180535 sebesar LCB standart
=1.5 %.Dari data di atas maka di dapat
10 3 C R
I LCB I
LCB
2-6
MODUL 2.
PERHITUNGAN TAHANAN KAPAL
2.2.3.11. Koreksi CR terhadap Bentuk badan Kapal
Karena kapal ini memiliki Fn = 0.180535 maka tidak perlu di adakan
penambahan koreksi terhadap garis perancangan.
2.2.3.12. Koreksi CR terhadap Anggota Badan Kapal
Koreksi ini di karenakan adanya bos baling baling,penambahan
karena ini sebesar 4%.Sehingga di dapat :
103CR = (0.04 x 0.654769)+ 0.654769
2.2.3.13.
2-7
MODUL 2.
PERHITUNGAN TAHANAN KAPAL
2.2.3.15. Koefisien tahanan kemudi
Koefisien ini sebenarnya dapat di abaikan karena jumlahnya sangat
kecil dan juga bila kondisi kapal dalam keadaan stabil.tetapi akan lebih baik
jika di tambahkan tahanan kemudi sebesar 103CAS = 0.04.
(ref : tahanan dan propulsi kapal hal 132)
Dari semua koefisien di atas maka akan di dapat koefisien tahanan
kapal sebesar:
CT
PP.B
+ 1.7.T)
CT xxv 2 xWSA
2
2-8
MODUL 2.
PERHITUNGAN TAHANAN KAPAL
2.3. Rangkuman
1) Untuk mendapatkan data-data karakteristik dari tahanan Guldhammer dan
harvald, adalah dengan:
a) Semua data diacukan pada daerah (lingkup) model dan tahanan
model (RTm)ditentukan sebagai fungsi kecepatan.
b) Koefisien tahanan total spesifik model (CTm) ditentukan :
R Tm
1 v 2 S
2
m
m
CTm
gesek.
CF
0,075
(Log 10 R n 2) 2
VL
), dengan yang
Fn
gL
yang
keseluruhananya
dihubungkan
berdasarkan
2-9
MODUL 2.
PERHITUNGAN TAHANAN KAPAL
L BT
2.4. Referensi
1) Harrington, Roy. L, editor.,[1992], Marine Engineering, SNAME.
2) Marine Auxiliary Machinery and System by Khetagurov published by
Peace Publisher, Moscow.
3) Resistance and Propulsion of Ship by SV.AA. Harvald published by Jon
Wiley and Sons, New York, 1992.
2.5. Latihan
Sebuah kapal tanker mempunyai ukuran utama sebagai berikut:
Jarak
Lpp
= 121,100 meter
Lwl
= 125.944 meter
= 19,200 meter
= 11,300 meter
7,500 meter
Cbpp
0,80
Cbwl
0,769
Cp
0,788
Vs
= 12,0
knots =
6,173 m/s
Hitunglah :
1.
Volume Displacement ( )
2.
Berat dispalcement ()
3.
L
1/ 3
Rasio panjang kapal dengan volume displacenment ( )
4.
Froude Number :
5.
2-10
MODUL 2.
PERHITUNGAN TAHANAN KAPAL
a) Koefisien tahanan sisa (CR)
b) Koreksi terhadap B/T
c) Koreksi terhadap LCB
d) Koreksi appendages (anggota badan kapal)
e) Besarnya Luasan permukaan basah(S)
f) Koefisien tahanan Gesek (CF)
g) Koefisien tahanan tambahan (appendeges)
h) Koefisien tahanan udara dan kemudi
i) Koefisien tahanan total (CT)
j) Tahanan Total kapal pada kondisi trial (RT)
2-11
MODUL 2.
PERHITUNGAN TAHANAN KAPAL
2-12
MODUL 2.
PERHITUNGAN TAHANAN KAPAL
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MODUL AJAR TUGAS GAMBAR RENCANA UMUM
2-13
MODUL 2.
PERHITUNGAN TAHANAN KAPAL
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MODUL AJAR TUGAS GAMBAR RENCANA UMUM
2-14
MODUL 2.
PERHITUNGAN TAHANAN KAPAL
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MODUL AJAR TUGAS GAMBAR RENCANA UMUM
2-15
MODUL 2.
PERHITUNGAN TAHANAN KAPAL
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MODUL AJAR TUGAS GAMBAR RENCANA UMUM
2-16
MODUL 2.
PERHITUNGAN TAHANAN KAPAL
2.7.
Jawaban
1. Volume Displacement ( )
= 13946,535 m3
2. Berat dispalcement ()
= 14295,1981 ton
3. Rasio panjang kapal dengan volume displacenment
= 5,249
4. Froude Number :
= 0,176
5.Perhitungan Tahanan Kapal :
a) Koefisien tahanan sisa (CR) = 0,923
b) Koreksi terhadap B/T
= 0,933
2-17