MORPHOLOGY

Valene Hope Cebuco Jeffren Pancho Miguel

What is MORPHOLOGY? System of categories and rules involved in

word formation and interpretation.

Two basic goals in studying morphology

To isolate the component parts of words To determine the rules by which words are formed

THE SYNTACTIC CATEGORIES The Eight Parts of Speech

Noun Pronoun Verb Adjectives Adverb Prepositions Conjunctions Articles

MORPHEME
It is a part of a word that change meanings, make one part of speech into another, and show such grammatical functions as tense and plurality. Example: buyers

{buy} + {er} + {s}

BOUND AND FREE Morphemes

Bound Morphemes cannot occur unattached. Free Morphemes can stand on its own. (root words and function words) Ex. glasses glass free morpheme -es bound morpheme

FREE MORPHEMES Lexical Category (content words)

Noun Adverb Adjectives Verb
These syntactic categories are also called

OPEN CLASS WORDS.

Grammatical Category (function)

Pronoun Conjunction Preposition Article

These syntactic categories are also called CLOSED CLASS words

BOUND MORPHEMES
Affixes (prefixes, suffixes, infixes, circumfixes) -derivational -inflectional DERIVATIONAL Ex. Impossible Im- deriv. Possible root word

INFLECTIONAL
Eight inflectional affixes in English Plural ( -s, -es) Possesive (s) Comparative (-er) Superlative (-est) Tenses ( -s, -ed) Participle (-en, -ing)

MORPHOLOGY
Identifying the Morphemes
Word Free Bound Open Closed Inflectional Derivational Affix (prefix) (suffix) (root)
Prefix Root Suffix Suffix Prefix Root Suffix

Insensitivity -in - sense - itive - ity Disengaged disengage -d

Bound Free Bound Bound Bound Free Bound

Derivational

Open
Derivational Derivational Derivational

Open
Inflectional

Disengaged (verb)
dis engaged (verb) -d

(v) engage

Insensitivity (noun)
insensitive (adj) in sensitive (adj) - ity

sense

- itive

WORD ORIGINS
Etymology the study of word origins. Lexical gap nonsense words

RULES ON WORD FORMATION

Inheritance Neologisms (Creation de Novo) Blending Acronyms

Initialism Reverse Acronym Creation by Shortening Derivation - by affixation - Without Affixation

 Compounding Eponyms - based on personal names. - based on geographical names. - names from literature, myths, and folklore. - based on commercial brand names.
Other sources.