MOCK PAPER- V ANSWER KEY 1. Having a valency of 4,Carbon 2. Cn H 2n2 3.

The increase in the concentration of the harmful chemicals at the subsequent trophic levels in a food chain is known as biological magnification. 4. (a) The properties of elements are the periodic functions of their atomic masses. (b) In the classification of elements, Mendeleev was guided by two factors: (i) Increasing atomic masses. (ii) Grouping of similar elements. In the view of second factor, he left some vacant places for elements which were yet to be discovered though he could predict their properties. 5. The splitting of white light into its component colors and in passing through a prism is called dispersion of white light. When white light passes through a prism, it splits up into its constituent colors because refractive index of glass is different for different colors. 6. a) Carbon monoxide b) Coal and petroleum are considered non-renewable sources of energy as they are not being formed continuously in nature and are, not replenished. Continuous use will result in their depletion one day. 7. (a) Petroleum is also known as mineral oil. (b) Functions of food chain: (i) Food chain maintains ecological balance. (ii) Food chain helps in transforming solar energy into chemical energy amongst the various members of the food chain. 8. Three Rs to save the environment:
Reduce: This means that you use less. You save electricity by switching off unnecessary lights and fans. You save water by repairing leaky taps. You do not waste food. Recycle: This means that you collect plastic, paper, glass and metal items and recycle these materials to make required things instead of synthesizing or extracting fresh plastic, paper, glass or metal. In order to recycle, we first need to segregate our wastes so that the material that can be recycled is not dumped along with other wastes. Reuse: This is actually even better than recycling because the process of recycling uses some energy. In the reuse strategy, you simply use things again and again. Instead of throwing away used envelopes, you can reverse it and use it again. The plastic bottles in which you buy various food-items like jam or pickle can be used for storing things in the kitchen.

9. (a) Position of image, height of object and image are 2 cm and 3 cm respectively, so

m = h1/h2 In this height of image will be taken negative as it is a real image. So m =-3/2 = -1.5, but also m= -v/u Therefore, -1.5 = -v/(u) v = -1.5 x 16 = -24 cm (as u =-16 cm) (b) Focal length u = -16 cm, v = -24 cm, focal length, f = ? 1/v+1/u = 1/f 1/2 -1/24 + (-1/36) = 1/f -5/48 = 1/f f = -9.6 cm

10(a) In old age, the crystalline lens of some people becomes hazy or even opaque due to the development of membrane over it. This condition is called cataract. This causes a decrease or loss of vision of the eye. The vision can be restored after getting cataract surgery. (b) In the visible spectrum, the red colour has the largest wavelength. The red colour is least scattered by fog or dust particles. So we can observe red colour easily even in foggy conditions. 11(a) (i) Since the man cannot see the near by objects clearly therefore he is suffering from the defect of vision called hypermetropia. (ii) Hypermetropia can be corrected by using spectacles containing convex lens of suitable power. (b) The focal length of eye lens is more when the ciliary muscles of a normal eye are in their most relaxed state.

12. (a)Mendel chose the pea plant because: (i) Pea plant completes its life cycle in a very short interval of time. (ii) Pea plant has several distinct and contrasting characters that can be easily studied. (b) No, experiences of a person will not be transferred to next generation because it is an acquired trait. 13. a) The main difference between fission and fragmentation is that in fission,

a unicellular organism breaks up to form two daughter organisms whereas in fragmentation, a multicellular organism breaks up into various fragments and each fragment is able to develop into complete organisms. b) Advantages of vegetative propagation: (i)It helps in producing identical clones. (ii) It helps in producing such plants which do not produce viable seeds or produce very few seeds.(Any one; 1) (c) DNA copying mechanisms creates variations which are useful for ensuring the survival of the species. Modes of sexual reproduction allow for greater variation to be generated. 14. A basic event in reproduction is the creation of a DNA copy. Cells use chemical reactions to build copies of their DNA. This creates two copies of the DNA in a reproducing cell, and they will need to be separated from each other. However, keeping one copy of DNA in the original cell and simply pushing the other one out would not work, because the copy pushed out would not have any organised cellular structure for maintaining life processes. Therefore, DNA copying is accompanied by the creation of an additional cellular apparatus, and then the DNA copies separate, each with its own cellular apparatus. Effectively, a cell divides to give rise to two cells. 15. The sexual mode of reproduction incorporates such a process of combining DNA from two different individuals during reproduction. But this creates a major difficulty. If each new generation is to be the combination of the DNA copies from two pre-existing individuals, then each new generation will end up having twice the amount of DNA that the previous generation had. This is likely to mess up the control of the cellular apparatus by the DNA. Besides, if each generation doubles its DNA, fairly soon there will be only DNA on earth, with no room for anything else.
16. In Human beings, female produce only one type of gametes that contains X chromosome each whereas males produce one X chromosome and one Y chromosome. If a sperm containing X chromosome fertilizes the egg then the sex of the baby will be female (XX). If a sperm containing Y chromosome fertilizes the egg then the sex of the baby will be male (XY).

(b) Speciation is the origin of two or more new species from the pre existing species. 17. (a) (i) Formation of ova. (ii) Secretion of hormones, estrogen and progesterone.

(b) (i) Stamen. (ii) Carpel. 18. (a) By the electronic configuration of an atom we can identify the group and period to which the atom belongs. For example - Oxygen has atomic number 8. Its electronic configuration is 2,6. As it can gain two electrons to complete its octet, so it belongs to group 16 Also, since the electrons are filled in two shells. So. Oxygen belongs to the second period. (b) As we move down the group, electronegativity of elements decreases as the atomic size increases. Nnitrogen is placed above phosphorus in group 15. So, nitrogen is more electronegative than phosphorus. 19. (a) Molecular formula : (i)Cyclohexane : C6H12 (ii)Benzene : C6H6 Though both contain six carbon atoms but cyclohexane is a saturated hydrocarbon and benzene is an unsaturated hydrocarbon. (b) Nickel 20. (a) Distance measured upward and perpendicular to the principal axis are taken as positive. Distances measured down ward and perpendicular to the principal axis are taken as negative. So magnification for a real image is taken negative and for a virtual image it is taken as positive. (b) A convex lens forms a virtual and small sized image of the object and concave mirror forms real and inverted image. Thus by using convex mirror we can get view of wider field which is not possible in case of a concave mirror. (c) Power = 1/Focal length Or Focal length = 1/Power f= 1/4.5 f = 0.22 cm

OR (a) Object distance,u = -15 cm Image distance, v= ? Focal length, f = -10 cm Mirror formula, 1/v + 1/u = 1/f 1/v + 1/ (-15) = 1/(-10) 1/v = -1/10 + -/15 1/v = -3+2/30 1/v = -(1/30) Thus the position of image is formed on left hand side in front of the concave mirror at a distance of 30 cm, its nature will be real and inverted.

Size of image m= -v/u m= - [(-30)/(-15)] m= -2. Thus the size of image is 2 cm and image is real and inverted. 1 (b) Refractive index of a medium= Speed of light in air/ Speed of light in medium. So, speed of light in medium= speed of light in air/ refractive index Thus speed of light will be maximum in medium having lowest refractive index. Therefore speed of light is more in water in comparison to kerosene. 21.

Nature of image: Virtual and erect. Position of image: Between F and 2F. (b)A convex mirror always forms a virtual image which is erect. Therefore, mirror A is a convex mirror. On the other hand, a concave mirror may form a real as well as virtual image. A real image is inverted and virtual image is erect. Therefore, mirror B is a concave mirror. (c)The focal length of a spherical mirror is equal to half of its radius of curvature. If f is the focal length of a spherical mirror and R is its radius of curvature, then f = R/2 Radius of curvature = 25 cm So, focal length, f = 25 cm/2 = 12.5 cm. OR (a)The coin appears to have changed its position this is because of the concept of Refraction. When the rays of light from the coin travel from denser medium to rarer medium the refracted rays bend away from the normal. The point from which the refracted rays appear to come gives the apparent position of the coin. Since the rays appear to come from a point above the coin, it appears to be raised.

(b) White light is composed to 7 spectral colours, which are of different wavelengths. They travel with different speeds when passed through a medium like glass. As a result of difference in speeds of constituent colours of light while passing through a medium, the white light spilts into the respective spectral colours. This spiltting of colours of white light is known as dispersion of white light.

22. The property of carbon atom to link with other carbon atoms to form large molecules is called as catenation. (b) (i) Functional group is OH group. (ii) Functional group is COOH group. (c)CnH2n+2 represents a saturated hydrocarbon. (d) Methane burns in oxygen with formation of carbon dioxide and water. CH4 + 2O2 CO2 + 2H2O (e) e. Conversion of ethanol to ethanoic acid is an oxidation reaction because oxygen is added to ethanol and ethanoic acid is formed. CH3CH2OH + O2 CH3COOH + H2O

OR (a)The compound CH3COOH is ethanoic acid. Its functional group is carboxylic group (-COOH). (b) Ethanoic acid reacts with ethanol in the presence of conc. H2SO4 to form ethyl ethacoate which has a sweet smell. C2H5OH+CH3COOH Conc H2SO4 CH3COOC2H5 + H2O

(c) Carbon dioxide is evolved when ethanoic acid reacts with solid sodium carbonate. When the gas evolved is passed through lime water, it turns lime water milky. This shows that evolved gas is CO2. (d) Detergents cannot be used to check whether the water is hard or not because they give a good amount of lather for both hard and soft water. 23. (a) (i) Ethanol is converted to ethanoic acid by the oxidation of ethanol in the presence of oxidising agent like alkaline potassium permanganate or acidified potassium dichromate.

(ii) Ethanol is converted to ethene by the dehydration of ethanol in the presence of dehydrating agent conc. H2SO4.

(iii) Ethanol is converted to ethyl ethanoate by the process of esterification i.e. by treating ethanol with ethanoic acid in the presence of conc. H2SO4 and warming it.

(b) Unsaturated hydrocarbons burn with a yellow flame because of incomplete combustion. (c) Hardness of water is due to the presence of Ca2+ and Mg2+ ions. These ions react with soaps to form curdy white precipitates of calcium and magnesium salts of fatty acids. OR (a)Neon has two shells both of which are completely filled (2 electrons in K shell and 8 electrons in L shell). (b)magnesium has electronic configuration 2,8,2. (c) Silicon has a total of three shells, with four electrons in its valence shell. (d)Boron has a total of two shells, with three electrons in its valence shell. (e)Carbon has twice as many electrons in its second shell as in its first shell 24. (a) Planaria can be cut into any number of pieces and each piece grows into a complete organism. This process is called regeneration. It is carried out by specialized cells.

(b)The embryo gets nutrition from the mothers blood with the help of a special tissue called placenta. It provides a large space area for glucose and oxygen to pass from the mother to the embryo. The developing embryo also produces waste substances which can be moved by transferring them into the mothers blood through the placenta. (c) The ovule develops a tough coat and is gradually converted into a seed. The ovary grows rapidly and ripens to form a fruit. OR (a) Advantages of vegetative propagation; (i) It helps in producing identical clones. (ii) It helps in producing such plants which do not produce viable seeds, or produce very few seeds. (b) Binary Fission in Amoeba:

(c) Fertilization occurs in the female reproductive tract in fallopian tube or oviduct.

SECTION B 25.(c) 26.(b) 27.(b) 28.(a) 29.(a) 30.(b) 31.(c) 32.(a) 33.(c) 34.(c) 35.(b) 36.(b) 37.(d) 38.(a) 39.(b) 40.(d) 41.(c) 42.(c)