Group Members:
NAMES DEPARTMENT, UNIVERSITY
Second year, Electrical Engineering, MUET, Jamshoro
Zeeshan Hyder
Final year, Telecom, Sindh University Final year, Telecom, Sindh University Final year, Telecom, Sindh University Final Year, IT, Sindh Agricultural University, Tandojam Final Year, IT, Sindh Agricultural University, Tandojam
Habibullah Dars
Table of Content
1. General information........................................................................ 1
1.1 Introduction ............................................................................................ 1 1.2 Historical Background .......................................................................... 1 1.3 Vision ....................................................................................................... 2
2.
2.1 2.2 2.3
3.
Exchange ......................................................................................... 5
3.1 Types Of Exchange ................................................................................ 5 3.2 Local Exchange ...................................................................................... 5 3.3 Transit Exchange ................................................................................... 6 3.4 Combined Exchange .............................................................................. 6 3.5 Gateway Exchanges ............................................................................... 6 3.6 Remote Exchangs ................................................................................... 7 3.7 RLDU ...................................................................................................... 8 3.8 OMC connection with exchanges ......................................................... 9
4.
4.1 Optical Fiber Communication .............................................................. 11 4.2 Optical Line Terminal (OLT)................................................................ 12 4.3 Optical Network Unit (ONU) ................................................................ 12 4.4 OFAN (Optical Fiber Access Network) ......................................... 14
5.
5.1
5.2 Channel Associated Signaling (CAS) ................................................... 18 5.3 Signaling modes ...................................................................................... 19 6. Conclusion 20
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1.
1.1
General Information:
Introduction:
PTCL (Pakistan Telecommunication Limited) is one of the largest employers in the country with its work all over the country to provide an essential service to the people of Pakistan.. The Company consists of around 2000 telephone exchanges across country providing largest fixed line network. Pakistan Telecommunication Company Limited (PTCL) is thePakistan' s most reliable and largest converged services carrier, which provides all telecommunications services from basic voice telephony to data, internet, video-conferencing andcarrier services to consumers. PTCL intends to be the leading ICT provider in the region by achieving customers satisfaction and maximizing shareholders value and as such PTCL perceives its future as a costumer centric organization enhancing its infrastructure and investing in people. Moreover its collaboration with the two mojar telecommunication sectors of world namely Hauwei and ZTE has blessed it with the latest technology.
2.2 History
From the beginnings of Posts & Telegraph Department in 1947 and establishment of Pakistan Telephone & Telegraph Department in 1962, PTCL has been a major player in telecommunication in Pakistan. Despite having established a network of enormous size, PTCL workings and policies have attracted regular criticism from other smaller operators and the civil society of Pakistan.. Pakistan Telecommunication Corporation (PTC) took over operations and functions from Pakistan Telephone and Telegraph Department under Pakistan Telecommunication Corporation Act 1991. This coincided with the Government's competitive policy, encouraging private sector participation and resulting in award of licenses for cellular, card-operated pay-phones, paging and, lately, data communication services. Pursuing a progressive policy, the Government in 1991, announced its plans to privatize PTCL, and in 1994 issued six million vouchers exchangeable into 600 million shares of the would-be PTCL in two separate placements. In 1995, Pakistan Telecommunication (Reorganization) Ordinance formed the basis for PTCL monopoly over basic telephony in the country. The provisions of the Ordinance were lent permanence in October 1996 through Pakistan
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Telecommunication (Reorganization) Act. The same year, Pakistan Telecommunication Company Limited was formed and listed on all stock exchanges of Pakistan PTCL launched its mobile and data services subsidiaries in 2001 by the name of Ufone and PakNet respectively. None of the brands made it to the top slots in the respective competitions. Lately, however, Ufone had increased its market share in the cellular sector. The PakNet brand has effectively dissolved over the period of time. Recent DSL services launched by PTCL reflects this by the introduction of a new brand name and operation of the service being directly supervised by PTCL.
1.3 Vision
To be the leading Information and Communication Technology Service Provider in the region by achieving customer satisfaction and maximizing shareholders' value'. The future is unfolding around us. In times to come, we will be the link that allows global communication. We are striving towards mobilizing the world for the future. By becoming partners in innovation, we are ready to shape a future that offers telecom services that bring us closer.
MPK Cx
HYBD Cx
HCEN3 Lx
OMC
MDF
Operations Department
Media Transmission
OMC Hyderabad controls local as well as transit Exchanges of Mirpur Khas, Sukkhar and Central-III EWSD MSU Hyderabad. Hence it acts to work as a combined exchange.
2.3 Purpose:
Here are some main reasons due to which the functionality of an OMC Operating and maintenance department is purposeful to the fault free system.
Fault detection and its clearance. Security Management. Network configuration, Operation and Performance Management. Maintenance Tasks. Safe handling of exchanges through servers placed within the OMC. Database Management.
All the above-mentioned functions are accomplished through Net Manager Client terminal placed within the OMC. The operator log into the database of particular exchange and perform these tasks.
3. Exchange:
In the field of telecommunications, a telephone exchange or telephone switch is a system of electronic components that connects telephone calls. A central office (CO) is the physical building used to house inside plant equipment including telephone switches, which make telephone calls "work" in the sense of making connections and relaying the speech information. The term exchange area can be used to refer to an area served by a particular switch.
(some of the largest telephone exchanges in the world are international gateway exchanges). Support for the numbering plans of each of the countries.
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3.7 OMC connection with exchanges and Transmission dpt. EWSD (Elektronisches Whlsystem Digital) in German Electronic Digital Switching System: or
It is one of the most widely installed exchange systems in the world. EWSD can work as a local or tandem switch or combined local/tandem, and for landline or mobile phones. e over 160 million subscriber lines in more than 100 countries. The software of EWSD is called APS (Automatic Program System). The APS is on a hard drive and includes the operating system, developed by Siemens in cooperation with Bosch. It is predominantly written in the CHILL language. Application software is switch specific and serves among other things traffic management, path search, and call charging. Support software serves translating programs, binding modules as well as administration of libraries for generating data. Operating and data communication software serve for co-operation of maintenance centers and switching centers.
Alcatel-Lucent:
It is a global telecommunications equipment corporation, headquartered in
the 7th arrondissement of Paris, France. It provides telecommunications solutions to service providers, enterprises, and governments around the world, enabling these customers to deliver voice, data, and video services. The company focuses on fixed, mobile, an converged networking hardware, IP technologies, software, and services. It holds Bell Labs, one of the largest innovation and R&D houses in the communications industry Bell Labs was awarded 7 Nobel Prizes and holds over 29,000 patents. Alcatel-Lucent has
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operations in more than 130 countries. In 2011 it was added to the Dow Jones Sustainability Index. On May 22, 2012, Alcatel-Lucent announced the development of its "7950 XRS," which is an Internet router capable of speeds up to five times faster than speeds offered by the nearest competitor.
All these exchanges are part of PTCL communication system and most of the subscribers are indirectly connected through these exchanges. In the Central Exchange PTCL they are HCEN3 Siemens, Central ZTE and Transit AlcaTel. Following figure shows their functionality with the OMC Operation and maintenance center and Transmission Department.
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A upstream frame processing means for extracting data from the wavelength division multiplexing means, searching an overhead field, delineating a slot boundary, and processing a physical layer operations administration and maintenance (PLOAM) cell and a divided slot separately. A control signal generation means for performing a media access control (MAC) protocol and generating variables and timing signals used for the downstream frame processing means and the upstream frame processing means.
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A control means for controlling the downstream frame processing means and the upstream frame processing means by using the variables and the timing signals from the control signal generation means. An OLT, in a nutshell, is where the PON cards reside. The OLT also contain the CPU and the GWR and VGW uplink cards. Each OLT can have a few or many dozens of PON cards. PON = Passive Optical Network GWR = Gateway Router
Services on the customer side of the ONU are communicated over metallic twisted pairs and coaxial cable drops (in the future, possibly fiber cable or wireless) to a Network Interface (NI) where they are handed off to the customers network (usually, inside wiring). Depending on the deployment strategy, the ONU closure may provide one or more of the following additional features: Primary power for ONUs is derived from either an external DC or an external AC power source. Back-up power for ONUs can either be derived from an external power source or be internal to the ONU closure and be provided by the FITL system supplier. Primary power and external back-up power can be delivered to ONUs over either copper twisted pairs or coaxial cable facilities. These cable facilities are commonly referred to as the TSC. Deployment of an ONU system requires access to the fiber distribution cable, TSC, and metallic customer drop wires. When access to these cables is provided internal to the ONU closure (i.e., by looping each cable through the closure), it is necessary that the ONU closure also provide splicing and storage facilities for each of these cables GR-950, Generic Requirements for Optical Network Unit (ONU) Closures and ONU Systems, contains complete proposed specifications for the ONU closures and systems. The following figure shows the connectivity Of ONUs with the operation and maintenance center.
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Message Transfer Part (MTP) level 2 (M2UA and M2PA) Message Transfer Part (MTP) level 3 (M3UA) Signaling Connection Control Part (SCCP) (SUA)
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but use a Stream Control Transmission Protocol (SCTP) transport mechanism. This suite of protocols is called SIGTRAN.
Because of the mechanisms used by signaling methods prior to SS7 (battery reversal, multi-frequency digit out pulsing, A- and B-bit signaling), these older methods could not communicate much signaling information. Usually only the dialed digits were signaled, and only during call setup. For charged calls, dialed digits and charge number digits were outpulsed. SS7, being a high-speed and high-performance packet-based communications protocol, can communicate significant amounts of information when setting up a call, during the call, and at the end of the call. This permits rich call-related services to be developed. Some of the first such services were call management related, call forwarding (busy and no answer), voice mail, call waiting, conference calling, calling name and number display, call screening, malicious caller identification, busy callback. The earliest deployed upper layer protocols in the SS7 signaling suite were dedicated to the setup, maintenance, and release of telephone calls. The Telephone User Part (TUP) was adopted in Europe and the Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN) User Part (ISUP) adapted for public switched telephone network (PSTN) calls was adopted in North America. ISUP was later used in Europe when the European networks upgraded to the ISDN. North America never accomplished full upgrade to the ISDN and the predominant telephone service is still the older POTS). Due to its richness and the need for an out-of-band channel for its operation, SS7 signaling is oftenly used for signaling between telephone switches and not for signaling between local exchanges and customer-premises equipment (CPE). Because SS7 signaling does not require seizure of a channel for a conversation prior to the exchange of control information, non-facility associated signaling (NFAS) became possible. NFAS is signaling that is not directly associated with the path that a conversation will traverse and may concern other information located at a centralized database such as service subscription, feature activation, and service logic. This makes possible a set of network-based services that do not rely upon the call being routed to a particular subscription switch at which service logic would be executed, but permits service logic to be distributed throughout the telephone network and executed more expediently at originating switches far in advance of call routing. It also permits the subscriber increased mobility due to the decoupling of service logic from the subscription switch. Another characteristic of ISUP made possible by SS7 with NFAS is the exchange of signaling information during the middle of a call.
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Conclusion:
In this center we became familiar with operations being carried out in the operation and maintenance center and the programs being run on the NMS network and management system. Moreover, the interconnectivity of exchanges with each other helped in understanding the communication system throughout the province. This part of PTCL has introduced us to the main topics of SS7 and OFAN, which are the advanced ways of communication in this era. Besides, all this we all saw the EWSD, an exchange of Siemens and the Optical network unit (ONU), which was an amplification to our knowledge. We learned how to recognize faults and their clearance on NMS network management server. In short, this week of internship was very much fruitful as it enhanced our knowledge related to telecommunication.
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