Movement Of Ocean

Waters
Made By:
Shyam
&
Manthan
Animated and edited by-
ANMOL
 Introduction
► The movement of ocean waters take palace in different
ways.
 Through waves
 Currents
 Tides
► Sea water moves horizontally as well as vertically.
► The horizontal movement is both at the surface and the
sub-surface level
► These movements are due to variation in density from on
part to another, which results from the differences in the
salinity and temperatures.
► Winds also provide a motive force for the horizontal
movement of surface water
 Waves
► Waves are oscillatory movements in water,
manifested by an alternate rise and fall of the sea
surface.
► These moving ridge-like curves on the surface of
the seas have two parts.
 Crest
 Trough
 Cont…..
► Crest
 The top part of the wave is
called its crest
► Trough
 The lower part of the waves is
called the trough.
► Every wave has a wave
length, velocity, height and ► The time taken by two
wave period. consecutive crests to pass any
► Wavelength is the distance fixed point is known as the
between two consecutive wave period.
crests or two consecutive ► The vertical distance between
troughs. a trough and a crest is called
the wave height.
 Tides
► The rise and fall of sea water due to gravitational
forces of the sun and the moon are called tides .
► Tidal currents affect h whole water mass fro the sea
surface to the bottom.
► The sea waves produced by the tides are also called
tidal waves.
► The rise of sea water and its movement toward the coast
is called tide and the result ant high level water level is
called high level water .
► The fall of sea water and its movement towards the sea
water is called ebb and the resultant low water level is
called low tide water.
Factors That Cause Tides

► The tide shave their origin in the gravitational forces of

the sun and the moon.
► The earth rotated from west to east and revolves around
the sun following an elliptical orbit.
► Similarly the moon, rotates from east to west and
revolves around the earth along an elliptical orbit so
that he distance between the earth and the moon
changes during different times every month.
► The period of the farthest distance between the moon
and the earth is called apogee while the period of the
nearest distance is called perigee.
 Nature Of Tides
► In 24 hrs. two tides and two ebbs are
experienced twice on the earth’s water surface.
► When the sun and the moon are at the position
of right angle with reference to the earth the
gravitational forces of the sun and the moon
work against each other and hence low tides are
formed.
► This situation occurs during the 8th day of each
fortnight of a month.
 Periodicity Of Tides
► Since the earth completes its rotation in roughly
24hr., every place should experience 12 hrs. but
this never happens.
► Each day tide is delayed by 26 mins. Because
the moon also rotates on its axis while revolving
around the earth.
 Types Of Tides
► The oceanic tides are caused due to producing forces of
the sun and the moon.
► There is a lot of temporal and spatial in the tide
producing forces because of different positionsof the
sun and the moon with the earth.
► Because of variations in intensity of tide producing
forces several types of tides are caused.
► Two types of tides are
 Spring tide
 Neap tide
 Spring Tides
► Very high tides are caused when the sun, moon
and the earth are almost in the same line.
► Such high tides are called spring tide situations.
► The gravitational forces of the sun and the moon
work together with combined forse and thus a
high tide is caused.
► Height is 20%more than the normal tides.
► Take place twice a month
Spring tides
 Neap Tides
► The sun, the earth and the moon come in a
position of quadrature on the seventh or eigth
day of every fortnight of a month.
► The tide producing forces of the sun and the
moon work in opp. direction, with the result ,a
low tide occurs.
► The height is 20% lower than the normal tides.
Neap tides
 Currents
► Large masses of surface water that circulate in
regular patterns around the oceans
► Types
 Warm currents
 Cold currents
 Warm Currents
►Those currents which flow from
the low altitudes in Tropical zones
towards the high altitudes in the
temperate and sub-polar zones.
►They bring warm winters in cold
areas.
 Cold Currents
► These currents have a a lower surface temperature and
bring cold waters into warm water areas.
► These currents flow in the high altitudes from the polar
regions towards the low altitudes in the warm equator
regions.
► Based on the depth, the ocean currents can be also
divided into two categories
 The surface currents
 Deep water currents
 Surface Currents
►These currents constitute about
10% of all the water in the ocean,
these waters are the upper 400 m
of the ocean.
 Deep Water Currents
► These currents make up other 90% of the
ocean waters
► These waters move around the ocean
basins due to variations in the density and
gravity
► Deep waters sink into the deep ocean
basins at high altitudes, where the
temperatures are cold enough to cause the
density to increase.
 Causes of Ocean Currents
► Level of salinity
► Temperature
► The earth’s rotation
► Planetary winds
 Trade winds
 Westerlies
 Monsoon winds
► Land
 Major Ocean Currents – Atlantic Ocean

► Warm currents
 North equatorial current
 South equatorial current
 Counter equatorial current
► Cold currents
 Irminger current or Greenland current
 Canaries current
 Falkland current
 South Atlantic Drift
 Benguela current
Major Ocean Currents – Atlantic
Ocean
 Major Currents – Pacific Ocean
► Warm Currents
 North equatorial current
 South equatorial current
 Counter equatorial current
 East Australian current
► Cold Currents
 Californian Current
 West wind drift
 Peruvian (humboldt) current
Major Currents – Pacific Ocean
 Major Currents – Indian Ocean
► Warm Currents
 Indian equatorial current
 South-west monsoon current
 North-east monsoon current
Major Currents – Indian Ocean
 Effects of Ocean Currents
► Climate
 Temperature – the type of current (warm or cold) influences the
climate of the place. Eg. The otherwise hot climate of Peru is
greatly cooled by Peru Current
 Rainfall – The air above the warm ocean current becomes warm
and absorbs excess amount of moisture causing heavy rainfall. Eg.
Kuroshio current bring in sufficient rainfall along the eastern coasts
of Japan
 Fog – Dense for occurs occurs where the warm and cold ocean
current meets. Eg. Newfoundland where the warm gulf stream
meets the cold labrador current creates a dense fog
 Violent storms – Violent storms also occur where warm and cold
current meet. Eg. The mingling of Gulf Stream with the labrador
cold current creates hurricanes along the east coasts of United
states
 Effects of Ocean Currents
► Marine Organisms
 Ocean currents move the organic material off the coast
which is food for the planktons which further is
consumed by fish
► Commerce
 Warm current make habours operational even in winter.
Eg. The coasts of UK and Norway – Gulf stream
 Currents aid the movement of sailing vessels. Eg.
Vessels from england bound for Australia move toward
Rio De Janerio in order to have a favourable current
 Dense fogs and cold currents are a danger to ships as
ice bergs are difficult to be located.