AUGER ELECTRON SPECTOSOPPY

INTRODUCTION
Auger Electron Spectroscopy (AES), is a widely used technique to investigate the composition of surfaces. First discovered in 1923 by Lise Meitner and later independently discovered once again in 1925 by Pierre Auger. LISE MEITNER PIERRE AUGER

PRINCIPLE OF OPREATION
sample bombardment by electrons core electron removed electron from a higher energy level fall into the vacancy release of energy. measured energy and defined sample

INSTUMENTATION
Elements of Typical Auger System: Electron Gun Analyzer Secondary Electron Detector Ion Gun Sample Stage Introduction System

AES INSTRUMENT

ADVANTAGES
Elemental mapping across surface
Elemental depth profiling with uniform sensitivity Monolayer-sensitive surface analysis with high spatial resolution

It is sensitive to light elements (except H and He).

DISADVANTAGES
Surface Sensitivity: < 1 nm Lateral Resolution: < 50 nm

Analytical Volume: 10-18 cm3

Insulators are difficult to study due to surface charging. Surface may be damaged by the incident electron beam.

APPLICATION
1) AES is used to monitor the elemental composition of surfaces during physical property measurements. 2) phenomena such as adsorption, desorption, surface segregation from the bulk, measurement of diffusion coefficients, and catalytic activity of surfaces have been investigated using AES.

3) It has also been used to study the surface compositional changes in alloys during ion sputtering. 4) Chemical properties such as corrosion, stress corrosion, oxidation, and catalytic activity and mechanical properties such as fatigue, wear, adhesion, resistance to deformation processes, and surface cracking depend on surface properties. 5) AES has been used to relate surface and grain boundary chemistry to properties of materials

SUMMARY
AES is very important analytical techniques used in materials science to investigate molecular surface structures and their electronic properties

REFERENCE
Literature: 1) Douglas A. skoog 2007 instrumental analysis. 2) Principle of instrumental analysis 5th edition by skoog , holler and nieman publisher thomson

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