Stylistic semasiology

EM hyperbole meiosis litotes EM Metonymy Synechdoche "eriphrasis Euphemism $religious, connected with death, political% Metaphor' Figures of substitution Figures of quantity Definition Functions and stylistic effect deliberate overstatement or exaggeration To intensify one of the features of an object, to show an overflow of emotions Deliberate understament, underestimation To intensify the expressiveness of speech statement in the form of negation To wea!en positive characteristics of an object Figures of qualification Definition Functions and stylistic effect Transfer of name between one denotate to Suggests a new, unexpected another based on contiguity between them, association between two objects may be a subject or an object ssociation is based between a part and the To achieve concreteness of who description Substitution of a word by a word combination #ndicated a feature a writer wants to stress, conveys an individual perception of an object &eplacing of an unpleasant word by a more To give more positive characteristics acceptable one to the denotate Examples His family is one aunt about a thousand years old. She wore a pink hat, assize of a button Not impossible, not unpretty Examples He made his way through a perfume and conversation. Since I left you, mine eye is in my mind The hospital was crowded with surgically interesting products !the wounded" #ord $od% To &oin the ma&ority to die% #ess fortunate elements the poor% '%an apple of a eye, a leg of a table( )% black night, time flies( *% They walked along, two continents of e+perience and feeling, unable to communicate ,% I-m a new year '% .omeo, Hamlet( )% /r. Snake 0utumn comes

Transfer of name between one denotate to another based on their li!eness, may be used in predicative group

ims at individualisation and characterisation of an object( a% ma!es the author)s thought more definite and clear( b% reveals the author)s emotional attitude towards what he describes

*% the usage of a proper name for a common To characteri,e a person +% the usage of a common name for a proper simultaneously with naming him-her "ersonification scribing some features and characteristics of To characterise a thing a person to a thing llegory Expression of an abstract notion by a concrete To give characteristics to a 0 woman with scales is an image phenomenon allegory of &ustice Epithet n attribute added to a noun To stress its peculiar features Silky hair #rony .pposition of the two meanings of a speech To show the author)s attitude to /utual admiration society unit, it is positive in form but negative in something meaning Figures of combination Figures of identity SD Definition Functions and stylistic effect Examples Simile "artial identification of two objects belonging Emphasising partial identity of two 1nhappiness was like a hungry *% implied to different spheres or bringing together some objects give new characteristics to the animal waiting beside the track simile of their /ualities referent for any victim $logical *% there no formal mar!ers$all /ualities are '% he reminded her of a dog comparison% ta!en into consideration but only one is he was as big as Simon% brought to the foreground%% Synonyms0 1ords used to denote object or action, 2elp to avoid monotonous repetition ...feelings....emotions...sentiment substitutes supplementing new additional details Synonyms0 re used as a chain of words which express re used for better and more detailed 2ereavement and desolation specifiers similar meaning description of an object, specify an utterance, add new information Figures of opposition SD Definition Functions and stylistic effect Examples antithesis Two contrasting ideas are presented in To stress the contrast, to rhythmically Some people have much to live close proximity in order to stress the organise the utterance on but little to live for contrast oxymoron 3ombination of opposite meaning which To reveal the contradictory sides of 3leasantly ugly, sweat pain exclude each other one and the same phenomenon Figures of inequality SD Definition Funcytions and stylistic effect Examples climax structure in which every successive word, #s the means of emotiona(l and Incredibly, urgently, desperately phrase or sentence is emotionally stronger or logical influence of the texty upon important logically more important than the preceding the reader one nticlim structure in which every successive word, There-s not a word of news. Not a ax phrase or sentence is emotionally less strong or particle. Not an atom. logically less important than the preceding one pun #s based on polysemy, homonymy or phonetic To achieve a humorous effect 4Is it customary to tip a waiter here5 similarity 46es, it is. 4Then hand me a tip. I-ve waited an hour. ,eugma "arallel constructions with unparallel meaning To create a humorous effect He took his tea with his wife and sugar.

ntonomasia