Thiamin

Laura Poenicke Tonileigh Bennett

Vitamin Home Page

Index
General Information Line Structure 3-D Structure Biochemical/Metabolic Biochemical/Metabolic Reactions Daily Recommendations Sources

Deficiencies Causes

Quiz References

General Information
Water-Soluble B-complex vitamin Also known as Vitamin B1 and aneurine Essential for carbohydrate metabolism and nerve and muscle function. Deficiencies are rare, but when they do occur the result is very severe.

Line Structure

Click Boxes To Learn More About Ring Structures

3-D Structure

Thiamin

Biochemical/Metabolic Functions
Thiamin acts as coenzyme to produce acetylcholine, a neurotransmitter It is needed as TTP for nerve and muscle function. It is essential as TPP for metabolism of carbohydrates into simple sugars, such as glucose.

Daily Recommendations
Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA) for Thiamin
Life Stage

Age

Males (mg/day) Females (mg/day)

0.2 (AI) 0.3 (AI) 0.5 0.6 0.9 1.0 1.1 1.4 1.4

Infants 0-6 months 0.2 (AI) Infants 7-12 months 0.3 (AI) Children 1-3 years 0.5 Children 4-8 years 0.6 Children 9-13 years 0.9 Adolescents 14-18 years 1.2 Adults 19 years and older 1.2 Pregnancy all ages Breastfeeding all ages -

Dietary Sources of Thiamin

Green peas Spinach Liver Beef Pork Navy Beans Nuts Pinto Beans Bananas Soybeans Whole Grain Enriched Cereals Breads Yeast Legumes

Dietary Sources of Thiamin

Food
Lentils (cooked) Peas (cooked) Long grain brown rice (cooked) Long grain white rice, enriched (cooked) Long grain white rice, unenriched (cooked) Whole wheat bread White bread , enriched Fortified breakfast cereal Wheat germ breakfast cereal Pork, lean (cooked) Brazil nuts Pecans Spinach ( cooked) Orange Cantaloupe Milk Egg (cooked)

Serving
1/2 cup 1/2 cup 1 cup 1 cup 1 cup 1 slice 1 slice 1 cup 1 cup 3 ounces* 1 ounce 1 ounce 1/2 cup 1 fruit 1/2 fruit 1 cup 1 large

Thiamin (mg)
0.17 0.21 0.19 0.26 0.03 0.10 0.12 0.5-2.0 1.89 0.74 0.28 0.13 0.09 0.11 0.10 0.10 0.03

Deficiencies
Breast fed infants, whose mothers are thiamin deficient, are vulnerable to developing infantile beriberi. Beriberi has been termed: Dry, Wet, and Cerebral, depending on the systems affected by severe thiamin deficiency. Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome Deficiency often occurs with alcoholics because the alcohol interferes with Thiamin absorption.

Causes of Deficiencies
Thiamin deficiency may result from inadequate thiamin intake, an increased requirement for thiamin, excessive loss of thiamin from the body, consumption of anti-thiamin factors in food, or a combination of factors. Thiamin deficiency affects the cardiovascular, nervous, muscular, and gastrointestinal systems. Thiamin deficiency is common in low-income populations whose diets are high in carbohydrate and low in thiamin (e.g., milled or polished rice). Alcoholism, which is associated with low intake of thiamin among other nutrients, is the primary cause of thiamin deficiency in industrialized countries. Malnutrition Foods high in thiaminase, such as raw freshwater fish and raw shellfish

Thiamin Testing
A positive diagnosis test for Thiamine deficiency can be ascertained by measuring the activity of transketolase in red blood cells . Thiamine can also be measured directly in whole blood following the conversion of thiamine to a fluorescent thiochrome derivative.

Genetic Diseases
Genetic diseases of thiamine transport are rare but serious. Thiamine Responsive Megaloblastic Anemia with diabetes mellitus and sensorineural deafness (TRMA)[2] is an autosomal recessive disorder caused by mutations in the gene SLC19A2,[3] a high affinity thiamine transporter. TRMA patients do not show signs of systemic thiamine deficiency, suggesting redundancy in the thiamine transport system. This has led to the discovery of a second high affinity thiamine transporter, SLC19A3.

Quiz

Question 1
Thiamin is a B-vitamin that A. is fat-soluble B. aids in nerve and muscle function C. is also known as B-3 D. is found in chocolate

Question 2
A thiazole ring structure differs from a pyrimidine ring structure in that it contains: A. Oxygen B. Phosphate C. Sulfur D. Iodine

Question 3
Thiamin deficiencies occur in all the following except: A. Breast Fed Infants B. Formula Fed Infants C. Autistic Children D. Diabetics

Question 4
In what form is Thiamin used in the Citric Acid Cycle? A. Acetylcholine B. TPP C. TTP D. Transketolase

Question 5
Which form of Beriberi results in cardiovascular manifestations? A. Cerebral B. Peripheral C. Dry D. Wet

Conclusion
Thiamin is very important for muscle and nerve function. It can be found in a variety of sources so deficiencies are rare. We hope you not only learned from this show but enjoyed it as well.

Vitamins Home Page

References
http://chemistry.gsu.edu/glactone/vitamins/b1/ http://lpi.oregonstate.edu/infocenter/vitamins/thiamin/ http://www.feinberg.northwestern.edu/nutrition/factsheets/vitaminb1.html http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/002401.htm#visual Content http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/000771.htm#visual Content