_09_EE394J_2_Spring12_Model_1_Stability_Model_for_Synchronous_Machines.

doc
Page 1 of 2
Steady-State Model 1

V
t
and I
t
are the machine terminal voltage and current. X
q
is the machine synchronous
reactance. R
a
is the machine stator resistance. E
q
,
SS
is the machine Thevenin equivalent
voltage behind synchronous reactance X
q
.


























The grid has Thevenin voltage V
TH
and impedance Z
TH
. Ignoring resistances, this model
obeys

SS
TH q
TH q
X X
V E
P o sin
+
= ,
TH q
SS TH q q
X X
V E E
Q
+

=
) cos ( o


and also from the perspective of the terminal voltage,

( )
t SS
q
t q
t
X
V E
P o o = sin ,
| |
q
t SS t q q
t
X
V E E
Q
) sin( o o
= .

I
t

d-axis
(flux direction)
E
q

jX
q
I
t

R
a
I
t

q-axis
(Thevenin voltage inside
stator leads flux by 90)
Ref = 0 (Grid Thevenin)

SS
(steady-state)
pf
V
t

t

jX
q

R
a
P
t
, Q
t
, I
t

+
V
t

+
E
q

SS

Machine. X
q
1.8pu

Grid
Thevenin
Equiv.
P, Q, I
t

_09_EE394J_2_Spring12_Model_1_Stability_Model_for_Synchronous_Machines.doc
Page 2 of 2

Transient Model 1













- Grid Thevenin voltage V
TH
has phase angle = 0.

- Given P
t
and Q
t
at the terminals, a loadflow computes terminal voltage V
t
,
t
.

- Terminal current I
t
is computed from P
t
+ jQ
t
= V
t
I
t
*



- Angle is the transient rotor angle (it is not the same as steady-state
SS
o ).

- With the machine terminal voltage and current known, E, are then computed from
KVL.

- After the transient study begins, varies according to the swing equation.


j X
d

R
a
P
t
, Q
t
, I
t

+
V
t

+
E

Machine. X
d

0.25pu

Grid
Thevenin
Equiv.
P, Q, I
t