CHAPTER I THE PROBLEM Introduction Nowadays, Maranao people are very different from the Maranaos before.

There are some changes that happened in terms of their manner of dressing, way of helding events, music, food, recreation and sports and even decors. Before, man wore Gora for headgear, malong, etc. Almost of them are decored with langkit. But now, man emaluate the crowd to carry themselves. They wear just like the way how the western people do. So as with the women. There are also some changes in the Maranao ways of helding events. During Maranao festivals, its rare that you'll see dodol, amik and bruwa and other Maranao delicacies. Instead, they prefer to serve some delicacies just like cake, spaghetti and any other delicacies which are not originally their tradition. Palapa is their tradotional appetizer that no meal is satisfying without it. The problem of this study is due to the influence of western civilization and the modernization some of the maranaos miss their tradition. The intention of this research is to know the significance of the palapa to the maranaos as their Culture, Socialization and Appetizer. Exquisite Maranao cuisine and hospitality are palpable. They are known of having a spicy taste in their foods. A condiment made of traditionally cultivated spices, locally known as Palapa is one of their distinguished cuisine symbols. It is made of stewed scallion bulbs or sakurab in Maranao. The thinly sliced scallion bulbs and ginger are caramelized by slow cooking and mixed with chillies and little coconut oil.Maranao recipes are so rich that it talks about life itself! Suffice it to say that the recipes are intertwined with the life cycle rites and rituals of all aspects of Maranao society and culture: from birth to death. In other words, food cannot be separated with daily life activities because food is life itself! This research is to determine the significant relationship of traditional palapa to the maranaos appetizer that can stimulate one's appetite, culture thatthe behaviors, beliefs, values, and symbols that they accept, generally without thinking about them, and that are passed along by from one generation to the next. and socialization which individuals acquire the knowledge into a group or community. It is expected that this research will be completed this second term of Academic Year 2013-2014.

Theoretical Framework This study is anchored by the theory of: Filipino Exotic and Unique Delicacy by Nagasura T. Madale (2009) that Maranaos are minority inhabitants of Marawi City, Lanao del Sur, Philippines. They are known in the country for their rich cultural heritage. Their folk dances are graceful, dynamic and colorful. Their feasts called piging are truly festive and sumptuous. They are originally known as the graceful people of the lake living on the northern edge of Lake Lanao. Now, Maranaos are spread over the country and has become part of the mainstream Filipino community. They form the largest Muslim community in the country. Knowledge of their culture has widely spread throughout the country and along with it; their dishes and cuisines became famous and sought after. Palapa is a very unique dish because of its two-fold purpose and nature. It is the main ingredient in all Maranao cuisines; at the same time, it is also an appetizer for all season. No native Maranao dish is perfect sans palapa and no meal is that satisfying without it. This two-fold characteristic of a dish is exemplified only by the Maranao palapa and with this; they take pride in founding this one of a kind ingredient-appetizer. Palapa defines my taste buds. Thats how I love it. It is part of me, raves a native of Marawi City who is a law degree holder. The main composition of palapa is ginger, native chili called sili, and native scallions called sakurab. It can be eaten raw after its ingredients are crushed finely, mixed and blended all together using mortar and pestle. As soon as the components are well-blended, palapa is ready to be served as appetizer in its raw form. How the Maranaos relish this basic concoction because of its spicy, tangy and exotic taste. Smoke will be coming out of your ears and nostrils.

Conceptual Framework This research study deals with Palapa which a traditional maranaos appetizer. Part I of the study deals on the profile of the respondents in terms of educational attainment & income. Part II of the study will determine the dependent variables which are culture, socialization and appetizer Once these dimensions are known, the Researchers will come up with a findings, summary and conclusions.

Respondents Profile in terms of: Educational Attainment Income

Appetizer Culture Socialization

Finding, Summary, and Conclusion

Figure 1. Research Paradigm of the Study

Statement of the Problem 1.) What is the profile of the respondents in terms of the following? 1.1 Educational Attainment 1.2 Income 2.) What is the significance difference of maranaos traditional palapa in terms of respondents? 2.1 Appetizer 2.2 Culture 2.3 Socialization 3.) Is there a significant difference of Palapa as Traditional Maranaos Appetizer in terms of the profile of the respondents?

Hypothesis: Ho1: There are no significant differences between the profile of the

respondents and the indicators of Palapa as Traditional MaranaosAppertizer.

Significance of the Study This study will provide finding summary and conclusion to the following: Maranaos. This study helps the maranaos realize how important the palapa and the contribution of it. Future Researchers. This study give a information about the importance of palapa to the culture of maranao, how they socialize with each other, and

what make the palapa as a traditional appetizer to them.

Researchers. For the researchers, this study gave them an opportunity to explore the theories and write ups regarding maranaos traditional palapa and had given them insights and knowledge. Students. For the students, they can have something to incorporate in their diet taking into considerations the benefits that they can derive from eating palapa.

Scope and Delimitation This study will focus on Palapa as the traditional maranaos appetizer. It will be limited only to the response of the Maranaos that are residents of Lanao del Sur and Lanao Del Norte. The two responses will then be compared to determine the difference of the two maranao groups in terms of socialization, culture and the acceptability of palapa as traditional appetizer. The general purpose of this study is to determine the significance of the palapa as traditional maranaos appetizer in terms of respondents profile, socialization and culture. Definition of Terms For better understanding of some terms of this study, words are being defined. Appetizer. A small dish of food or a drink taken before a meal to stimulate one's appetite. (www.thefreedictionary.com) Culture is the characteristics of a particular group of people, defined by everything from language, religion, cuisine, social habits, music and arts. (http://www.livescience.com)

Educational attainment is a term commonly used by statisticians to refer to the highest degree of education an individual has completed. (en.wikipedia.org) Income is the consumption and savings opportunity gained by an entity within a specified timeframe, which is generally expressed in monetary terms. (en.wikipedia.org) Maranao. Maranao (Maranao: ['mranaw]; Filipino: Mranaw), also spelled as Meranao and Maranaw, is the term used officially by the Philippine government in reference to the southern tribe who are now the people of the lake called Ranao in the Iranaon language, a predominantly Muslim region in the Philippines island of Mindanao.(Websters New World Dictionary, 2009) Palapa . This refers to a very unique dish because of its two-fold purpose and nature. Its the all time season favorite of the maranaos.

(http://everestgurl.hubpages.com) Socialization process by which individuals acquire the knowledge, language, social skills, and value to conform to the norms and roles required for integration into a group or community. (http://www.businessdictionary.com) Traditional. Existing in or as part of a tradition; long-established. (Websters New World Dictionary, 2009)

CHAPTER II REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE This chapter presents a review and related studies which are relevant to the present research study.

Related Literature The Maranao people derive much of their identity and history from Lake Lanao. They have a very rich cultural heritage which they seem to enjoy sharing with those outside their culture. Their textiles, which indicate the status of the wearer, are known for their very ornate designs and colors. The predominate instrumental music of the Maranao people is the KULINTANG, performed on a unique set of eight melodious gongs. The Maranao epic song, known as the DARANGEN, encompasses a wealth of knowledge of the Maranao people, and in 2005 was proclaimed by UNESCO as one of the Masterpieces of the Oral and Intangible Heritage of Humanity. They are one of several major Muslim people groups in the Philippines which together constitute a small percentage of that country's population.

(http://www.joshuaproject.net/people-profile.php?rop3=106311)

There are suggestions that, if people have positive experiences with traditional food, such as they taste good or positive social reinforcement occurs, this may help develop script knowledge that new foods can taste good and increase willingness to try them (Pliner, 2009).

Many people referred to the symbolic value of food and eating and/or to the role of food socialization in shaping food behaviors. Some also implied that social differentiation in food consumption has diminished, particularly with regard to the dimension of social class. No one claims, however, that class has become totally irrelevant. A strong argument for continued class differences in the sphere of food behaviours, especially as manifested in valuation of food is evident. The concept of symbolic significance of social class practices and relates these to social class reproduction. It stresses the competitive dimension of taste and how, through actual consumption practices, it creates and sustains distinctions between classes. (Bourdieus Theory on Social Difference 2009) Thus, it could be a useful theory for exploring group differences in eating Palapa as traditional appetizers of maranaos, as will be reflected in their own answers in the questionnaire that will be distributed by the researchers.

CHAPTER III

RESEARCH METHOD This chapter describes the Research Design, the Locale of the Study, the Respondents of the Study, Sampling Procedures, the Research Instrument used, the Data Gathering Procedures and Statistical Treatment of data used in this study.

Locale of the Study The researcher conducts the study on Lanao del Norte and Lanao del Sur Lanao del Norte is a province of the Philippines located in the Northern Mindanao region. Its capital is Tubod. The province borders Lanao del Sur to the southeast, Zamboanga del Sur to the west, Illana Bay to the southwest, Iligan Bay to the north, Iligan City to the northeast, and is separated from Misamis Occidental by Panguil Bay to the northwest. According to the 2007 census, the province has a total population of 538,283. The people in Lanao del Norte are a mixture of Maranaos and Cebuanos. Historically, immigrants who came from the Christian provinces of Mindanao, Visayas and Luzon tended to settle in the Northern part of Lanao while the Maranaos inhabited the south. There are also a minority of Higaunons settling in the hinterlands of Iligan City. Lanao del Norte is a predominantly Christian, which comprise almost 75% of the province, with a minority of practitioners of Islam (almost 20%).

The Maranao is an ethnic group of Malay descent. They settled in the area long before the advent of the Spaniards in the Philippines. They possess their own culture and civilization which makes them quite unique. Their language, customs, traditions, religion, social system, costumes, music, and other features are factors that make Lanao peculiar and distinct from other Philippine provinces. Lanao del Sur, officially the Province of Lanao del Sur (Filipino: Lalawigan ng Lanao del Sur), is a province of the Philippines located in the Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao (ARMM). The capital is the Islamic City of Marawi and it borders Lanao del Norte to the north, Bukidnon to the east, and Maguindanao and Cotabato to the south. To the southwest lies Illana Bay, an arm of the Moro Gulf. Found in the interior of Lanao del Sur is Lanao Lake, the largest lake in Mindanao. When Lanao was divided into two provinces under Republic Act No. 2228 in 1959, Marawi was made the capital of Lanao del Sur. In 1980, the city was renamed the Islamic City of Marawi. It is now the only chartered city in the country with a predominantly Muslim population. Lanao comes from the word ranao, meaning "lake." Lanao centers on the basin of Lake Lanao; thus, it is the land of the Maranaos, the "people of the lake." Lanao is the seat of the Sultanate of Lanao.

Respondents of the Study This study was conducted among 50 maranaos, 25 of which came are inhabitants of Lanao Del Sur and the other 25 are from lanao Del Norte.

Sampling Procedure In selecting the number of respondents in this study, the purposive sampling is to be used by the researchers. A panel of (50) evaluators who will be composed of 25 Maranaos from Lanao Del Sur and 25 Maranaos from Lanao Del Norte.

Research Instrument Used The researcher will have constructed a questionnaire score sheet as tools in gathering the data. The questionnaire score sheet containing the dependent variables which are socialization, culture and appetizer and independent variables which are the respondents profile in terms of educational attainment and income. The respondents will be requested answer the questionnaire score sheet by checking the appropriate box for their answer. At the bottom portion of the score sheet, was a space provided for the written comments and suggestions of the respondents.

Statistical Treatment The data gathered will be validated and interpretation using the Percentage statistical formula of: 1. Percentage (%).a percentage is a number or ratio expressed as a fraction of 100. It is often denoted using the percent sign, %. This will summarize the profile of the respondents using the formula: Formula:

Where: f= specific frequency N= total frequency After the food evaluation, the data will be tallied, analyzed and interpreted using the Weighted Mean. This will be used to compute the average of the characteristics of the palapa as traditional maranao appetizer.

2. Weighted mean. An average calculated by taking into account not only the frequencies of the values of a variable but also some other factor such as their variance. The weighted average of observed data is the result of dividing the sum of the products of each observed value, the number of times it occurs, and this other factor by the total number of observations or simplified using this formula or equation,

The formula is: X = WiXi n

Where: X= Weighted mean wixi= summation of weighted frequencies n= total number of evaluators

APPENDIX A St. Michaels College Iligan City Higher Education Department

Dear Sir/ Madam: Praise Be Jesus and Mary!

We, the undersigned 3rd year students of Bachelor of Science in Hotel and Restaurant Management of St. Michaels College are currently working on our research paper entitled: DESCRIPTIVE RESEARCH ON PALAPA: THE TRADITIONAL MARANAO APPETIZER a requirement of our course. In line with this, we will ask your support and cooperation by answering the questionnaire we are going to distribute for us to obtain the data necessary in accomplishing the said research. In prayers, we are looking forward for your most valued support Thank you and God bless!

Respectfully yours, Noted by: Sheila Mae D. Gentallan Jescell M. Managing Mari Ruthie Jean I. Tayrus

Mr. Michael D. Cristuta Adviser

Mr. Emmanuel E. Ong, M.B.E Dean, CHRM

APPENDIX A St. Michaels College Iligan City Higher Education Department

QUESTIONAIRE Educational Attainment: _________________________ Income: _______________

Direction: Check the number that best represents your answer. LEGEND: [4]- Strongly Agree [3]- Agree [2]- Disagree [1]- Strongly Disagree EVALUATION ABOUT KNWOLEDGE Appetizer The Palapa lighten taste buds. Palapa is suited in all meals. Palapa has a great taste because of its spices. Palapa has less nutritional value. Palapa maybe optional in the meal. Culture Palapa is part to the meal. Palapa is the pride of maranaos. Palapa is one if the identities of maranaos. I preffer to eat the westernize appetizer than palapa. Palapa doesnt have a significant value to the maranaos. 4 SA 3 A 2 D 1 SD

1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5

Socialization 3.1 Palapa can be serve in any gatherings. 3.2 Palapa makes the family intact in every meals while eating. 3.3 Palapa, its bring closeness among Maranaos.

3.4 Palapa is not important in any gatherings. 3.5 Palapa does not affect the aspect Of Maranaos.