CUPRINS

Cap.I. INTRODUCERE Cap.II. FORME FARMACEUTICE EXTRACTIVE DIN PLANTE2.1. Definitie si generalitati 2.2. Ist ri! 2.". Clasifi!are 2.#. Caile $e a$%inistrare 2.&. Materii pri%e ' Pr $(s )egetal ' *(+stante a(,iliare 2.- E,e%ple Cap.III.TINCTURI ".1.Definitie ".2. .eneralitati ".". Preparare ".#. C nser)are si ! n$iti nare ".&. Intre+(intari/ e,e%ple FORME FARMACEUTICE CARE CONTIN TINCTURI Cap. IV EXTRACTE #.1.Definitie #.2. .eneralitati #.". Preparare #.#. C nser)are si ! n$iti nare #.&. Intre+(intari/ e,e%ple FORME FARMACEUTICE CARE CONTIN EXTRACTE Cap.V.CONCLU0II C %(ni!area !( pa!ient(l Cap. VI. 1I1LIO.RAFIE

Motto : Medicul trateaza, insa natura vindeca. Hippocrate

CAPITOLUL I
INTRODUCERE
Din cele mai vechi timpuri omul a folosit produsele vegetale din natura spre propriul sau folos. La unele a observat diversele actiuni asupra organismului. Aceste observatii s-au inmultit in decursul mileniilor si astfel, omul si-a creat mijloace de a-si vindeca suferintele fizice. rin urmare, plantele au fost primele medicamente pe care omul le-a folosit ca atare, iar mai tarziu le-a prelucrat dupa obiceiurile timpului. !n "#$%, cand s-a infiintat &rganizatia Mondiala a 'anatatii (&.M.'.), se raporta ca %*+ din populatia globului recurge la metode naturale ca prim ajutor sau tratament in caz de imbolnaviri. 'i situatia nu s-a schimbat prea mult nici astazi. !n urma cu un secol, practica empirica de utilizare a plantelor in scop terapeutic era transmisa fie prin viu grai, din generatie in generatie. !n present fitoterapia a devenit o stiinta moderna, o ramura a stiintelor medicale. ,ara a subestima rolul chimioterapiei ( tratamentul bolilor cu ajutorul medicamentelor de sinteza), fitoterapia, in special si terapia naturala, in general, vin sa completeza ansamblul de metode prevenite si curative practicate in present. Dar nu numai sa le completeze, deoarece numeroase substante active din plante, tocmai cele cu actiune puternica, sunt considerate tratamente de baza si nu adjuvante in terapia moderna. 'e considera ca multe dintre medicamentele chimice sunt nocive, fie prin efectele secundare nedorite de cauza to-ica, de multe ori imprevizibila, fie de natura alergica pentru ca substantele de sinteza se comporta ca un corps train introdus in organism, in timp ce plantele medicinale si substantele de biosinteza sunt apreciate ca inofensive.

CAPITOLUL II
FORME FARMACEUTICE EXTRACTIVE DIN PLANTE

2.1. Definitie si generalitati F r%ele far%a!e(ti!e e,tra!ti)e s(nt preparate li!2i$e/ se%is li$e sa( s li$e/ !are ! ntin (n a%este! $e prin!ipii a!ti)e/ +tin(te prin $e3) ltarea e,tra!ti)a a pr $(sel r )egetale sa( +i l gi!e/ !( a4(t r(l (n(i s l)ent sa( al (n(i a%este! $e s l)enti. lantele medicinale s(nt spe!ii )egetale $e la !are se re! ltea3a partea aeriana sa( rgan(l s(+teran/ !e ! ntine prin!ipii a!ti)e !( a!ti(ne terape(ti!a. rodus vegetal sa( drog vegetal repre3inta rgan(l )egetal sa( partea $e planta %e$i!inala re! ltata si (s!ata/ %ai rar in stare pr aspata/ (tili3at la prepararea (n(i %e$i!a%ent in $iferite f r%e far%a!e(ti!e. rincipii active s(nt repre3entate $e s(+stanta a!ti)a sa( (n gr(p $e s(+stante a!ti)e a!ti(ne terape(ti!a. $en(%it si fit ! %ple,/ e,istent intr'(n pr $(s )egetal/ !are pre3inta s.a. 'pecii medicinale sa( ceaiuri medicinale s(nt a%este!(ri $e plante %e$i!inale sa( parti $e plante (s!ate si %ar(ntite la gra$(l pre)a3(t/ as !iate sa( n( !( s(+stante %e$i!a%ent ase. *e (tili3ea3a pentr( +tinerea $e s l(tii e,tra!ti)e // e, te%p re66$e !atre + lna) sa( in far%a!ie !a )e2i!(l pentr( prepararea $e f r%(le %agistrale. Di3 l)area e,tra!ti)a este %et $a $e $i3 l)are partiala/ e,tra!tia fiin$ (n pr !e$e( parte $in fi3i! $e i3 lare a (n r prin!ipii a!ti)e $intr'(n pr $(s )egetal7 $r g )egetal sa( pr $(s +i l gi!8/ f l sin$ s l(+ilitatea a!est ra intr'(n an(%it s l)ent 9 s l)ent(l a$a(gat preia ! ntin(t(l s(p(s e,tra!tiei si f r%ea3a i%pre(na e-tractivul. Prin a!ti(nea $i3 l)anta si e,tra!ti)a a (n(i s l)ent as(pra (n(i pr $(s )egetal re3(lta preparate $e ! nsistenta li!2i$a n(%ite solutii e-tractive sa( e-tracte. D(pa $i3 l)are/ pr $(s(l )egetal ep(i3at ra%ane (n reziduu/ !are este eli%inat prin $e!antare si filtrare. "

E,e%pl( 5 al!al i3ii $e pi(/ gli! 3i$ele $in $egetel(i r s(/ al!al i3ii $in fr(n3ele $e %atrag(na

Da!a s l)ent(l (tili3at in e,tra!tie este apa/ se +tin solutii e-tractive apoase/ iar in !a3(l al! l(l(i sa( alt r s l)enti 2i$r ' rgani!i : tincturi si e-tracte sa( (lei )egetal : digestii. * l(tiile e,tra!ti)e se p t (tili3a !a atare sa( p t fi f l site pentr( prepararea alt r f r%e far%a!e(ti!e. .r(pa f r%el r far%a!e(ti!e e,tra!ti)e !(prin$e 5 ;'olutii e-tractive apoase 5 %a!erate/ inf(3ii sa( $e! !t(ri. .'olutii e-tractive alcoolice, hidroalcoolice si etero-alcolice 5 preparate +tin(te prin %a!erarea sa( per! larea pr $(s(li )egetal !( s l)ent 7al! l8 sa( a%este! $e s l)enti 7apa'al! l/ al! l'eter8 n(%ite tin!t(ri. ;Digestii sa( s l(tii e,tra!ti)e (lei ase 5 se prepara prin $igestia pr $(s(li )egetal !( (lei )egetal. 2.2.Istoric Preparatele e,tra!ti)e s(nt !(n s!(te si intre+(intate $in ti%p(ri stra)e!2i/ plantele fiin$ pri%ele %e$i!a%ente f l site $e %. Inf r%atiile ins!rise pri)in$ arta )in$e!arii/ ra%ase $e la t ate !i)ili3atiile anti!e se refera la $iferite f r%e far%a!e(ti!e Intreaga far%a!ie/ pe +tin(te prin e!tra!tie $in pr $(se )egetale sa( ani%ale 5 peri a$a $e 1& se! le/ s'a aflat s(+ infl(enta l(i .ALENU*/ %a!erate/ inf(3ii/ $e! !t(ri/ )in(ri/ tet(ri/ $igestii/ s(!(ri. in)entat r(l (n(i %are n(%ar $e preparate $in plante. M(lte pr $(se )egetale !(n s!(te $in anti!2itate s(nt si asta3i f l site 5 pi(l/ re)ent(l/ anas n(l/ al e/ ri!in(l/ s.a. Tin!t(rile a( f st intr $(se $e PARACEL*U* si a( inl !(it )in(rile %e$i!ale. Pana in se! l(l al XVIII'lea/ pr $(sele )egetale era( e,trase !( apa sa( )in(ri/ se (tili3a( si s(+ f r%a $e s(!(ri sa( ! n!entrate $e fr(!te. Per! larea/ !a %et $a $e e,tra!tie a f st intr $(sa in se! l(l al XIX'lea !an$ fran!e3(l REAL a pr p(s (n tip $e e,tra!t r/ +a3at pe presi(nea 2i$r stati!a/ iar in 1<"" fran!e3ii 1OLLA= a( pr p(s prin!ipi(l $eplasarii s l)ent(l(i $e e,tra!tie. In 1<--/ *>UI1 pr p(nea per! larea fra!ti nata si ! n!entrarea s l(tiei e,tra!ti)e la !al$. Mai tar3i( a( f st pr p(se alte %et $e $e e,tra!tie 5 e)a! larea/ $ia! larea/ per! larea la !al$/ e,tra!tia pe prin!ipi(l * ,2elt s.a. preparate far%a!e(ti!e li!2i$e/ +tin(te prin %a!erarea/ inf(3area sa( $e! !tia pr $(s(l(i )egetal !( apa/ re3(ltan$

Perfe!ti narea %et $el r $e e,tra!tie si stan$ar$i3area pr !e$eel r a ! n$(s la i3 larea in stare p(ra a (n r al!al i3i/ !eea !e a i%p(lsi nat repr $(!erea l r prin sinte3a si $e3) ltarea e,tra!tiei in$(striale. 2.3. Clasificare F r%ele far%a!e(ti!e tra$iti nale reali3ate prin e,tra!tie se p t gr(pa in f(n!tie $e $iferite !riterii 5 Metoda de obtinere si natura solventului ; Prin $i3 l)are e,tra!ti)a/ f l sin$ !a s l)ent 5 ' apa 5 %a!erate/ inf(3ii/ $e! !t(ri 9 ' al! l(l 5 tin!t(ri 9 ' (lei(l $e fl area s arel(i5 $igestie. ; Prin $i3 l)area e,tra!ti)a si e)ap rarea 7 ! n!entrari8 5 ' e,tra!te fl(i$e 9 ' e,tra!te % i 9 ' e,tra!te (s!ate. Consistenta ' f r%e li!2i$e 5 s l(tii e,tra!ti)e ap ase/ al! lat(ri/ tin!t(ri si e,tra!te fl(i$e 9 ' f r%e se%is li$e 5 e,tra!te % i 9 ' f r%e s li$e 5 e,tra!te (s!ate. Forma farmaceutica : ' s l(tii e,tra!ti)e ap ase 5 %a!erate/ inf(3ii/ $e! !t(ri 9 ' s l(tii e,tra!ti)e (lei ase 5 $igestii 9 ' s l(tii e,tra!ti)e al! li!e 5 tin!t(ri si al! lat(ri 9 ' s l(tii e,tra!ti)e ! n!entrate 5 e,tra!te fl(i$e 9 ' re3i$((ri ale s l(tiil r e,tra!ti)e 5 e,tra!te % i si (s!ate. 2.4. Caile de administrare Ca si s l(tiile/ f r%ele far%a!e(ti!e e,tra!ti)e se a$%inistrea3a pe $iferite !ai 5 !alea rala/ in prin!ipal sa( e,tern/ pe piele7 !alea !(tanata8 sa( pe %(! ase.

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2.5.Materii prime 2.&. 1. roduse vegetale Preparatele e,tra!ti)e se +tin prin $i3 l)area si e,tra!tia prin!ipiil r a!ti)e/ $in pr $(se )egetale pr aspete sa( (s!ate. In % $ +isn(it/ se f l ses! pr $(sele )egetale (s!ate/ iar !ele pr aspete sa( sta+ili3ate/ i%e$iat $(pa re! ltare/ se f l ses! %ai rar. In pr !es(l $e $i3 l)are e,tra!ti)a inter)in pr $(s(l )egetal 5 nat(ra pr $(s(l(i )egetal/ (%e!tarea sa inainte $e e,tra!tia pr pri('3isa. 2.5. 1.1 Natura produsiului vegetal * l)ent(l si pr !e$e(l $e e,tra!tie pentr( este $iferit $e la fr(!te/ se%inte8 9 $e +tinerea (nei f r%e far%a!e(ti!e e,tra!ti)e se aleg in pri%(l ran$ in f(n!tie $e pr $(s(l )egetal s(p(s e,tra!tiei/ !are spe!ie $e planta la alta7 fr(n3e/ fl ri/ ier+(ri/ ra$a!ini/ ri3 %i/ s! arte/ ase%enea / $e ! %p 3itia !2i%i!a a pr $(s(l(i )egeteal/ $e serie $e fa!t ri/ !are $epin$ $e %ar(ntire si (%i$itatea sa/ gra$(l $e

ter% la+ilitatea si s l(+ilitatea prin!ipiil r a!ti)e in an(%iti s l)enti. La prepararea s l(tiil r e,tra!ti)e se f l ses! +isn(it pr $(se )egetale (s!ate. Plantele pr aspete s(nt (tili3ate in general pentr( +tinerea pr $(sel r 2 %e pati!e/ in s! p(l reali3arii (n(i efe!t terape(ti! integral al prin!ipiil r a!ti)e. In )e$erea e,tra!tiei/ pr $(sele )egetale pr aspete se p t prel(!ra prin %a!erarea sa( fier+erea !( al! l sa( p t fi s(p(se (nei (s!ari a)ansate/ prin li fili3are si ap i preparate s(+ f r%a $e p(l+eri sa( ! %pri%ate/ !are (lteri r ) r ser)i la +tinerea (n r f r%e e,tra!ti)e 7e,5 ! %pri%atele !( p(l+ere titrate $e fr(n3e $e $igitala8 De are!e pr $(sele )egetale pr aspete/ s(+ a!ti(nea en3i%el r pe !are le ! ntin s(nt s(p(se (n r pr !ese fer%entati)e/ !e pr $(! alterarea l r si $in s!a$erea )al rii terape(ti!e a preparat(l(i e,tra!ti)/ s'a pr p(s sta+ili3area a!est ra. 'tabilizarea produselor vegetale pr aspete ! nsta in $istr(gerea en3i%el r si pastrarea ne% $ifi!ata a ! %p nentel r/ pe t ata peri a$a $ep 3itarii l r/ pana la prel(!rarea in f r%a far%a!e(ti!a. /scarea produselor vegetale se p ate efe!t(a la te%perat(re a%+ient sa( !( a4(t r(l !al$(rii. Us!area nat(rala se efe!t(ea3a in aer li+er/ la s are/ (%+ra sa( spatii in!2ise. &peratia de uscare la soare este %ai rapi$a/ $ar n( se p ate apli!a $e!at pentr( (nele pr $(se sta+ilite 5 ra$a!ini/ ri3 %i/ s! arte. -

*e prefera (s!area in spatii a$ap stite/ ! s(ri sa( )entilat are. Plantele se aran4ea3,a !( s(p rt(ri sa( plase $e %etal/ !( ra%e/ !( ra%e in strat(ri s(+tiri/ !( spatii $e "?'#?!% intre ele/ pentr( a per%ite +(na !ir!(latie a aer(l(i. Us!area $(rea3a 2'" 3ile. /scarea cu aer cald este %ai rapi$a. In general/ te%perat(ra se alege astfel in!at (s!area plantel r sa se efe!t(e3e in 2'# re. O in!al3ire prea in$el(ngata/ la te%perat(ra $e apr ,i%ati) <?@C antrenea3a pier$eri si % $ifi!ari in ! %p 3itia plantel r/ $at rita %are parte $es! %p(neril r ter%i!e. Initial / plantele se (s(!a la la A?'<?@ C/ !an$ se pier$e $in (%i$itate si ap i te%perat(ra se s!a$e la "?'-?@C. D(pa (s!are/ pr $(sele )egetale se ! n$iti nea3a in la3i sa( +(t aie $in le%n/ !(tii $e ta+la sa( !art n in!2ise etans/ sa!i $e 2artie sa( %aterial te,til/ sa!i i%per%ea+ili $in p lietilena et!. Inainte $e $ep 3itare/ sa!ii !( plante s(nt tre!(ti $in n ( intr' !a%era $e (s!are/ ap i intr' !a%era !( ,i$ $e etilen/ in s! p(l $istr(gerii inse!tel r. Dep 3itele $e plante %e$i!inale $isp(n $e aer ! n$iti nat/ pentr( a asig(ra pasrarea in ! n$itii $e te%perat(ra si (%i$itate ! resp(n3at are in )e$erea prel(!rarii l r (lteri are/ in f r%e far%a!e(ti!e. 2.5. 1.2. miditatea produsului vegetal Pr $(sele )egetale (s!ate %ai ! ntin (%i$itate intre "'&B/ !antitate !are )aria3a $epen$ent $e pr $(s(l )egetal 5 fr(n3ele $e $igitala ! ntin "B apa/ re$a!ina $e ipe!a <B/ fr(n3ele $e %enta/ $e patlagina/ ra$a!ina $e le!)i3itia 1#B/ ri3 %ii $e feriga 1&B/ fr(n3ele $e en(par 2?B. A!easta (%i$itate %ai $epin$e $e ! n$itiile $e (s!are si $e % $(l $e pastrare. In ti%p(l (s!arii si %ai tar3i(/ prin $ep 3itare/ %a4 ritatea pr $(sel r )egetale s(fera serie $e % $ifi!ari !are p t $(!e la s!a$erea ! ntin(t(l(i in prin!ipii a!ti)e. In pri%(l ran$/ (%i$itatea fa) ri3ea3a 2i$r li3a ! %p nentel r si transf r%ari en3i%ati!e. O alta serie $e % $ifi!ari s(nt $at rate (n r pr !ese fi3i! ' !2i%i!e. Astfel/ pr $(sele )egetale/ !are ! ntin (lei(ri ) latile/ le p t pier$e/ prin ) latili3are si p li%eri3are. De ase%ene / prin pastrare in$el(ngata se pier$ apr ape in intregi%e )ita%inele 7a!i$(l as! r+i!8. U%i$itatea pr $(sel r )egetale p ate infl(enta si pr !es(l $e e,tra!tie/ $e are!e apa $in plante $il(ea3a s l)ent(l 7 in !a3(l e,tra!tie in al! l8 ii %i!s rea3a !apa!itatea $e $i3 l)are/ s!a3an$ astfel ran$a%ent(l in prin!ipii a!ti)e. serie $e

2.5. 1.3. !radul de maruntire Un fa!t r i%p rtant in reali3area s l(tiil r e,tra!ti)e il ! nstit(e gra$(l $e %ar(ntire al pr $(s(l(i )egetal. Mar(ntirea pr $(sel r )egetale s(p(se e,tra!tiei tre+(ie sa se efe!t(e3e in % %ent(l prel(!rarii l r/ astfel sta+ilitatea prin!ipiil r a!ti)e n( este asig(rata. Pr $(sele )egetale li)rate in in$(strie/ pentr( f l sirea in s! p(l e,tra!tiei in far%a!ii/ s(+ f r%a $e p(l+ere 7ra$a!ina $e ipe!a8/ tre+(ie sa fie presate si a%+alate in fla! ane sa( !(tii %etali!e/ in !antitati %i!i/ in!2ise etans/ fara aer. .ra$(l $e %ar(ntire a pr $(s(l(i )egetal are %are i%p rtanta in pr !es(l e,tra!tiei 9 in general/ !( !at gra$(l $e %ar(ntire este %ai %are 7 %ari%ea parti!(lei este %ai %i!a8 si s(prafata $e ! nta!t intre pr $(s(l )egetal si s l)ent este %ai %are si ran$a%ent(l e,tra!tiei este %ai %are 7 se e,trage !antitate %ai %are $e prin!ipii a!ti)e8. Pr $(sele )egetale ! %pa!te/ le%n ase/ se %ar(ntes! fin/ iar !ele fria+ile !are se p t i%+i+a (s r !( s l)ent(l/ se %ar(ntes! gr s!i r. Di3 l)area pr $(sel r )egetale tre+(ie sa fie !at %ai % gena/ e)itan$('se %ar(ntire a)ansata $e are!e astfel se $istr(ge (n %are n(%ar $e !el(le si parte $in ! ntin(t(l !el(lar/ !are ! ntine s(+stante +alsat/ !a a%i$ n/pe!tine/ %(!ilagii/ tre!e $ire!t in s l)ent si p t se$i%enta/ infl(entan$ t t $ata filtrarea/ prin %arirea )as! 3itatii s l(tiei e,tra!ti)e. De ase%enea pr !es(l $e $if(3i(ne este in!etinit si $i%in(at/ ne%aifa!an$('se e,tra!tie sele!ti)a. A!este $ifi!(ltati apar in !a3(l e,tra!tie !( apa. La e,tra!tia pr $(sel r )egetale !( al! l sa( alti s l)enti % geni an2i$ra/ a!easta n( are l ! prin $if(3i(ne si s% 3a/ !i prin $i3 l)are si%pla/ peratie !are ne!esita e,tra!tie %ai a)ansata / pentr( a sfara%a !el(lele. %ari%e !at %ai apr piata. In general/ se (r%areste !a parti!(lele %ar(ntite sa ai+a %et $a $e e,tra!tie. Pentr( pr $(sele )egetale (tili3ate la prepararea s l(tiil r e,tra!ti)e ap ase/ !are se reali3ea3a n(%ai in far%a!ie.F.R.X. pre)e$e gra$e $e %ar(ntire $iferite 5 ' fl ri/ fr(n3e/ ier+(ri/ ra$a!ina $e alteea 5 sita I 9 ' ra$a!ini/ ri3 %i/ s! arte 5 sita II 9 ' fr(!te/ se%inte 5 sita III' IV 9 ' pr $(sele )egetale !are ! ntin al!al i3i si gli! 3i$e 5 sita V. in in$(stria far%a!e(ti!a/ pentr( e,tra!tia prin %a!erare se pre)e$e %ar(ntire in parti!(le %ai %are spre $e se+ire $e per! lare/ la !are este ne!esara a)ansata. < %ar(ntire

.ra$(l $e %ar(ntire se sta+ileste in f(n!tie $e nat(ra si ! %p 3itia pr $(s(l(i )egetal !at si $e

2.5. 1.4. mectarea produsului vegetal Prentr( a fa) ri3a $i3 l)areasi $if(3i(nea prin!ipiil r a!ti)e/ pr $(sele )egetale/ (s!ate si a$(se la gra$(l $e %ar(ntire ! n)ena+il/ s(nt (%e!tate !( s l)enti a$e!)ati. Pentr( (%e!tare s l)ent(l !el %ai efi!ient este apa/ $ar se %ai f l seste a%este!(l 2i$r al! li! si al! l(l. Cantitatea $e li!2i$ e,tra!ti) !are se f l seste pentr( (%e!tare si ti%p(l $e (%e!tare )aria3a in f(n!tie $e %et $a $e e,tra!tie. Astfel/ pentr( e,tra!tia prin inf(3are sa( $e! !tie/ 1 gr. Pr $(s )egetal %ar(ntit se (%e!tea3a !( " %l apa $istilata/ !( e,!eptia pr $(sel r )egetale !are ! ntin (lei(ri ) latile/ !are se (%e!tea3a !( ?/& %l al! l $il(at si a fr(n3el r $e $igitala/ !are n( se (%e!tea3a . inf(3ia $e fl ri $e tei se prepara prin pr !e$e(l general/ fara (%e!tare !( al! l. Pentr( f r%ele e,tra!ti)e in$(striale/ $e e,e%pl( tin!t(rile preparate prin per! lare/ se in$i!a (%e!tare $e 1gr pr $(s )egetal %ar(ntit !( ?/&%l li!2i$ e,tra!ti)/ ti%p $e " re.

2.5. 2. "u#stante au$iliare Prin!ipalii s l)enti f l siti pentr( e,tra!tie s(nt apa/ al! l(l etili! $e $iferite ! n!entratii si a%este!(ri $e al! l' eter. Alegerea s l)ent(l(i $epin$e $e nat(ra pr $(s(l(i )egetal/ $e prin!ipiile a!$ti)e pe !are le ! ntine/ !at si $e s(+stantele +alast !are n( tre+(ie antrenate in preparat(l e,tra!ti) si n( in (lti%(l $e %et $a $e e,tra!tie. *e %ai (tili3ea3a a%este!(ri $e al! l !( gli!erina si apa/ pr pan l/ %etan l/ !l r f r%/ +en3ina/ eter $e petr l/ eter etili!. De ase%enea/ alat(ri $e a!esti s l)enti/ se p t (ne ri as !ia s(+stante tensi a!ti)e/ e%(lgat ri sa( $etergenti/ % $ifi!at ri $e pC. In pr !es(l $e $i3 l)are e,tra!ti)a inter)in/ pe langa fa!t rii !are $epin$ $e pr $(s(l )egetal si fa!t rii !are $epin$ $e s l)ent 5 nat(ra s l)ent(l(i/ rap rt(l $intre pr $(s(l )egetal si s l)ent/ pC'(l %e$i(l(i/ agitarea a%este!(l(i/ $(rata $e e,tra!tie si te%perat(ra.

2.5. 2. 1. Natura solventului In s! p(l reali3arii (nei e,tra!tii pti%e/ s l)ent(l tre+(ie sa in$eplineas!a (r%at arele ! n$itii5 ' sa fie !2i%i! p(r9 ' sa fie %egen 7!an$ este (n a%este! $e s l)enti89 D

' !apa!itate %are $e i%+i+are a pr $(s(l(i )egetal/ pentr( a fa) ri3a fen %enele $e s% 3a : $if(3i(ne 9 ' !apa!itate %are $e $i3 l)are si $e e,tra!tie sele!ti)a a prin!ipiil r a!ti)e 9 ' sa n( fie ! r 3i)/ sa fie sta+il/ ne(tr( si (s r $e in$epartat prin e)ap rare 9 ' sa fie re!(pera+il 9 ' sa ai+a re!(perare 9 ' sa fie net ,i!/ neinfla%a+il 9 ' sa ai+a (n prEt $e ! st !at %ai re$(s. %pa Pentr( e,tra!tia (n r pr $(se )egetale prin %et $e $e %a!erare/ inf(3are sa( $e! !tie/ se f l seste apa $istilata sa( $e%inerali3ata 7in in$(stria far%a!e(ti!a8. In !a3(l %et $ei $e e,tra!tie prin per! lare/ apa n( ! n$(!e la re3(ltate +(ne/ $e are!e pr $(s(l )egetal se i%+i+a !( apa/ se (%fla/ i%pie$i!an$('se astfel stra+aterea l(i !( li!2i$ e,tra!ti). In general/ e,tra!tia !( apa este inferi ara a!eleia reali3ate !( al! l $e $iferite ! n!entratii. Apa repre3inta a)anta4(l $e a se as !ial !( al! l(l/ gli!er l(l/ a!i3i/ +a3e/ % le!(le a!i$e/ al! li/ fen li/ esteri/ al$e2i$e/ a%ine/ gli! 3i$e si sar(ri $e al!al i3i/ $i3 l)a ! ll i$al g(%e/ %(!ilagii/ al+(%ine/ tanin(ri. A$a s(l $e glF!er l are %ai %(lt r l(l $e a sta+ili3a s l(tiile e,tra!ti)e/ $e!at fa) ri3area e,tra!tie. E,tra!tia pr $(sel r )egetale !are ! ntin al!al i3i se efe!t(ea3a !( apa a!i$(late/ !( a!i$ !itri!/ !l r2i$ri!/ tartari!/ in !antitate egala !( ! ntin(t(l in al!al i3i Din pr $(s(l )egetal l(at in l(!r(/ !( e,!eptia s! artei $e C2ina/ la !are se a$a(ga 1/& %l.a!i$ !l r2i$ri! la 1g +i!ar+ nat $e s $i( pentr( 1? gr pr $(s )egetal. T t apa a!i$(lata se (tili3ea3a pentr( fa+ri!area e,tra!t(l(i (s!at $e pi(/ prin pr !es(l $e %a!erare repetata 9 e,tra!tia $e tanin(ri se efe!t(ea3a !( apa !al$a. %lcoolul etilic Este (n s l)ent 2i$r fil/ !( !apa!itate %are $e e,tra!tie/ f l sit in$(strial. *e (tili3ea3a in $iferite ! n!en%tratii/ $e la 2?B la D-B/ $ar fre!)ent A?B/ ! n!entratia al! l(l(i fiin$ alesasa in f(n!tie $e s l(+ilitatea prin!ipiil r a!ti)e. te%perat(ra $e fier+ere !at %ai s!a3(ta si !al$(ra $e !antitate $e !al$(ra %i!a la )ap ri3are !at %ai %i!a/ pentr( a se ! ns(%a

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Pentr( fa+ri!area s l(tiil r e,tra!ti)e al! li!e/ atin!t(ril r se (tili3ea3a n(%ai al! l(l etili!/ iar pentr( e,tra!tele (s!ate se p ate f l si %etan l(l/ a!esta finn$ %ai e! n %i!/ $ar este f arte t ,i!. Etan l(l se (tili3ea3a in fa+ri!area tin!t(ril r prin pr !e$ee $e per! lare. &terul etilic Este (n s l)ent (tili3at %ai rar in pr !es(l $e e,tra!tie/ n(%ai in in$(strie/ $e e,e%pl( pentr( +tinerea e,tra!t(l(i (s!at $e ! rn $e se!ara/ prin %et $a per! larii p(l+erii $e ! rn $e se!ara/ $egresata/ in preala+il/ !( eter $e petr l. 2.5 2.2. p'(ul mediului A!esta para%etr( are %are i%p rtanta in +tinerea (n(i ran$a%ent apti% in prin!ipii a!ti)e. In generaG/ pentr( s l(tiile e,tra!ti)e ap ase/ a$a(garea $e a!i3i fa) ri3ea3a e,tra!tia !( apa sa( al! l a al!a i3il r/ iar as !ierea $e s(+stante al!aline este in$i!ata pentr( pr $(sele )egetale !are ! ntin sap nine a!i$e. *i pentr( (nele tin!t(ri se p t in$i!a % $ifi!at ri $e pC ai %e$i(l(i e,tra!ti). Astfel/ pentr( e,tra!t(l (s!at $e li!)iritia se (tili3ea3a %et $a $e per! lare !( apa si s l(tia $e 2i$r ,i$ $e a% ni( $il(ata 9 e,tra!t(l $e pi( se +tine prin %a!erare !( apa si s l(tie $e a!i$ f sf ri! $il(at. E,tra!t(l fl(i$ $e ! rn $e se!ara se +tine prin $i3 l)area e,tra!t(l(i $e ! rn $e se!ara (s!at in a%este! !( apa/ al! l/ a!i$ tartri! si a!i$ as! r+i!. De ase%enea tin!t(rile se +tin prin $iferite pr !e$ee $e e,tra!tie !a %a)!erarea/ %a!erarea repetata/ per! larea/ !( al! l $e $iferite ! n!entratii si a$ s $e a!i3i 5 f r%i!/ f sf ri!/ !l r2i$ri!. 2.5. 2.3. "u#stante tensioactive A$a(garea a ?/?1 : ?/1B s(+stante tensi a!ti)e la s l)ent $(!e la i%+(natatirea pr !es(l(i $e e,tra!tie 5 se %areste !antitatea $e prin!ipii a!ti)e e,trase : al!ali3ii/ 2eter 3i$e/ (lei(ri ) latile/ $e ase%enea se p t (tili3a !antitate %ai %i!a $e s l)ent.

2.5. 2.4. %gitarea) durata de e$t*ractie si temperaturra In !a3(l s l(tiil r e,tra!ti)e ap ase. F.R.X. pre)e$e (r%at arele5 ' pentr( %a!erare5 in ti%p(l $e ! nta!t $e "? %in(te $intre pr $(s(l )egetal si la te%perat(re n r%ala/ se )a agita $e &'- ri9 ' prin inf(3ie si $e! !tie / n( se pre)e$e agitare. 11 s l)ent/

Agitarea este (tili3ata in pr !es(l $epreparare a tin!t(ril r prin %a!erare. In !a3(l s l(til r e,tra!ti)e ap ase/ ti%l( $e e,tra!tie in$i!at $e F.R. X. este/ in general/ $e "? $e %in(te pentr( %a!erare/ inf(3are si $e! !tie/ la !are se a$a(ga !ele & %in(te/ pentr( (%e!tarea pr $(s(l(i )egetal. Te%perat(ra $e e,tra!tie este $epen$enta $e ) l(%(l re!ipientele $e e,tra!tie. Din legile $if(3i(nii reiese !a ri$i!area te%perat(rii a!!elerea3a pr !es(l $e e,tra!tie/ $ar n(%ei in !a3(lin !are se (tili3ea3a apa !a s l)ent. E,tra!tiile !( al! l sa( etr se efe!t(ea3a n(%ai la te%perat(ra !a%erei 7 alte ri %ai 4 s8/ $e are!e !resterea te%perat(rii $(!e la pier$erea s l)entil r ) latili/ ! n$itiile $e l(!r( se ! %pli!a si apare peri! l(l $e e,p l3ie. Te%perat(ra ri$i!ata $e e,tra!tie se re! %an$a pentr( e,tragerea prin!ipiil r a!ti)e $in pr $(sele )egetale $(re/ le%n ase/ !( te,t(ra ! %pa!ta 5 ra$a!ine/ ri3 %i si s! arte/ fr(n3e !aria!e. La prepararea tin!t(ril r/ $(rata ! nta!t(l(i $intre pr $(s(l )egetal si s l)ent este $e 1? 3ile/ la te%perat(ra +isn(ita. 2.6. Solutii e t!"#ti$e "%o"&e s l(tiile e,tra!ti)e ap ase s(nt f r%e li!2i$e +tin(te prin %a!erarea/ inf(3are sa( $e! !tia pr $(sel r )egetale !( apa si p t fi 5 %a!erate/ inf(3ii sa( $e! !t(ri. Pr !e$e(l $e e,tra!tie este / in general/ legat $e te,t(ra pr $(s(l(i )egetal/ apli!an$('se %a!erarea/ la pr $(sele !( %(!i(lagii/ inf(3area la a!elea !( te,t(ri fri+ile si $e! !tia la a!elea !( te,t(ri le%n ase/ ! %pa!te/ $(re. C %parati) !( alte f r%e e,tra!ti)e/ !(% ar fi tin!t(rile s l(tiilr e,tra!ti)e ap ase s(nt f arte $il(ate. In general a!este f r%e far%a!e(ti!e se (tili3ea3a !a atare/ fiin$ preparate $e !atre + lna)i sa( ser)es! !a )e2i!(l pentr( $i3 l)area sa( $ispersarea s(+stantel r %e$i!a%ent ase sa( p t intra in ! %p 3itia $iferitel r f r%e far%a!e(ti!e !a5 s l(tii/ sir p(rii/ e%(lsii/ s(spensii/ !lis%e/ gargaris%e. In a!est !a3 ele repre3inta f r%(le %agistrale/ !are se prepara la !erere/ n(%ai in far%a!ii/ pe +a3a $e reteta/ pres!risa $e %e$i!. !(pat $e pr $(s(l )egeta/ intensitatea s(rsei $e !al$(ra 7 !are p ate fi reglata8/ !at si $e %aterialele $in !are s(nt fa+ri!ate

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* l(tiile e,tra!ti)e ap ase s(nt li!2i$e pales!ente/ !( g(st(l/ %ir s(l si !(l area ! %p nentel r e,trase $in pr $(s(l )egetal. *e ! ntr lea3a (nif r%itatea %asei/ se i$entifi!a ! nser)ant(l. Ma4 ritatea s l(tiil r e,tra!ti)e ap ase se (tili3ea3a in afe!ti(nile !ail r respirat rii/ altele !a se$ati)e/ antiinfla%at are/ antisepti!e. Ele s(nt a$%inistrate $e + lna)/ !( ling(rita sa( !( ling(ra. * l(tiile e,tra!ti)e ap ase se pastrea3a la l ! ra! r s/ la te%perat(ra $e ?'<@C ferit $e l(%ina. Unele far%a!ii pre)a$ (n ti%p )ala+ilitate $e 1? 3ile7 !an$ ! ntin ! nser)anti8. 2.+. 1. Macerate Ma!eratele s(nt s l(tii e,tra!ti)e ap ase !are se +tin prin pr !e$e(l $e %a!erare. Ma!erarea repre3inta peratia $e $i3 l)are e,tra!ti)a/ prin !are pr $(s(l )egetal %ar(ntit este p(s in ! nta!t/ la te%perat(ra !a%erei/ !( (n li!2i$/ in s! p e,tra!ti) 7apa s l(tie ! nser)anta8 (n ti%p $eter%inat. Pr $(s(l li!2i$ re3(ltat se n(%este %a!erat. A!est pr !e$e( $e e,tra!tie se apli!a pr $(sel r )egetale !are ! ntin prin!ipii a!ti)e (s r altera+ile la !al$/ in spe!ial %(!ilagii 7ra$a!ina $e alteea/ se%intele $e in8. F.R.X. in$i!a pentr( %a!erare (r%at area %et $a 5 Peste pr $(s(l )egetal %ar(ntit si spalats(+ 4et $e apa se a$a(ga !antitatea $e apa pres!risa si se %entine "? %in(te/ la te%perat(ra n r%ala/ agitan$ $e &'- ri. Li!2i$(l $e $e!antea3a si se filtrea3a prin )ata. Re3i$((l se spala !( apa/ fara a presa/ pentr( a ! %pleta s l(tia la %asa pres!risa. In s l(tia filtrata/ se $i3 l)a ?/1g a%este! nipagin si nipas l/ pentr( fie!are 1??g s l(tie e,tra!ti)a. Pentr( a a! peri pier$erile $e s l)ent $at rate i%+inarii pr $(s(l(i )egetal sa( prin filtrare/ se (tili3ea3a !antitate $e apa in %i! e,!es/ in!a $e la in!ep(t. Ti%p(l $e e,tra!tie prin e)ent(ala in)a$are !( %i!r rganis%e a %a!erat(l(i/ se l(!rea3a in )as %a!erare !( apa este li%itat/ astfel la "? %in(te si pentr( a e)ita pr !esele $e $egra$are en3i%ati!a !at si a! perit. Prin %a!erare se reali3ea3a e,tra!tie %ena4ata/ lenta si in! %pleta/ $ar sele!ti)a/ $e are!e ! nta!t(l $intre pr $(s(l )egetal si s l)ent este (ni!. Ma!eratele se alterea3a repe$e/$ea!eea se i%p(ne ! nser)area !( 1B p.2i$r ,i+en3(at $e %etil

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2.+.2. Infu,ii inf(3iile s(nt s l(tii e,tra!ti)e ap ase !are se +tin prin pr !e$e(l $e inf(3are. Inf(3area repre3inta peratie $e $i3 l)are e,tra!ti)a/ prin !are pr $(s(l )egetal %ar(ntit/ (%e!tat in preala+il/ este p(s in ! nta!t !( apa la te%perat(ra +isn(ita. Pr $(s(l li!2i$ re3(ltat se n(%este inf(3ie. Inf(3iile !a si $e! !t(rile sa( $igestiile s(nt preparate f l site $in !ele %ai )e!2i ti%p(ri. Prepararea tra$iti nala se reali3ea3a prin p(nerea in ! nta!t al pr $(s(l(i )egetal fier+inte sa( fier+erea pr $(s(li )egetal !( apa. A!est pr !e$e( $e inf(3are se f l seste la e,tragerea prin!ipiil r a!ti)e $in pr $(se )egetale !are ! ntin tes(t(ri fi+rile 5 fl ri/fr(n3e/ier+(ri si (ne ri parti $e planta !( te,t(ra $(ra/ le%n asa/ ra$a!ini/ s! arte/ se%inte. Inainte $e inf(3are este ne!esara (%e!tare a pr $(s(l(i )egetal !( s l)ent 7apa sa( al! l8/ e,tra!ie %ai ! %pleta aprin!ipiil r a!ti)e. in s! p(l $e ai%+i+a %e%+ranele !el(lare si a le per%ea+ili3a/ fa!ilitan$ %ai rapi$ in!eperea fen %en(l(i $e $if(3i(ne' s% 3a/ per%itan$ F.R.X. in$i!a pentr( inf(3are (r%at area %et $a 5 1g pr $(s )egetal %ar(ntit se (%e!tea3a !( "%l apa 9 $(pa & %in(te/ se tratea3a !( !antitate $e apa pres!risa/ in!al3ita la fier+ere si se lasa in! nta!t "? $e %in(te. *e filtrea3a prin )ata si s l(tia e,tra!ti)a +tin(ta se ! %pletea3a la %asa pres!risa prin spalarea sa( st !area re3i$((l(i. In f(n!tie $e nat(ra si ! %p 3itia !2i%i!a a pr $(s(l(i )egetal s(p(s e,tra!tie/ %et $a $e inf(3are pre3inta (nele e,!eptii 5 ; pr $(sele )egetale/ !are ! ntin (lei(ri ) latile se ) r (%e!ta !( ?/& %lal! l pentr( 1gr pr $(s )egetal/ !( s! p(l $e a fa!ilita e,tragerea a!est r $il(ant/ prin!ipii a!ti)e 9 !ar$i t ni!e 9 $il(ant/ !( apa

; fr(n3ele $e $igitala n( se (%e!tea3a/ !i se tratea3a $ire!t !( apa fier+inte 9 a!est pr !e$e( are in )e$ere e)itarea 2i$r li3ei %ai rapi$e a gli! 3i$el r ; fl rile $e tei se inf(3ea3a prin %et $a generala 9 ele n( se (%e!tea3a !( al! l

a)an$ in )e$ere pre3enta (lei(ril r ) latile$in ! %p 3itia l r/ pentr( a n( se pr $(!e pre!ipitarea %(!ilagiil r/ intr(!at se (r%areste si e,tra!tia %(!ilagiil r $in fl ri $e tei !( efe!t e% lient 9 ; pr $(sele )egetale !( al!al i3i se s(p(n inf(3arii !( apa la !are se a$a(ga a!i$ !l r2i$ri! sa( tartri!/ in !antitate egala !( ! ntin(t(l in al!al i3i al plantei. ; s! arta $e C2ina/ pres!risa s(+ f r%a $e inf(3ie/ se )a prepara !a $e! !t. Da!a s l(tia e,tra!ti)a $epaseeste 1??g se a$a(ga ?/1g a%este! $e nipagin'nipas l pentr( fie!are 1??g s l(tie re3(ltata. !itri!/

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Prin inf(3are/ (nele s(+stante !(% s(nt a%i$ n(rile/ n( s(nt e,trase/ !eea !e per%ite sa se +tina (n li!2i$ li%pe$e. 2.+.3. Decocturi $e! !t(rile s(nt s l(tii e,tra!ti)e ap ase !are se +tin prin pr !e$e(l $e $e! !tie. De! !tia repre3inta peratia $e $i3 l)are e,tra!ti)a/ prin !are pr $(s(l )egetal (%e!tat in preala+il/ este p(s in ! nta!t !( apa la fier+ere si %entin(t "? %in(te la a!easta te%perat(ra/ $(pa !are s l(tia fir+inte se separa. Pr $(s(l li!2i$ re3(ltat se n(%este $e! !t. A!est pr !e$e( $e $i3 l)are e,tra!ti)a se in$i!a %ai ales pentr( e,tragerea prin!ipiil r a!ti)e ter% sensi+ile/ prin pr $(sele )egetale !( te,t(ra $(ra/ le%n asa/ ra$a!ini/ ri3 %i/ s! arte sa( fr(n3e ! ria!ee/ a$(se la (n gra$ $e $i)i3i(ne a)ansat 7 sita V8. Ca si la inf(3are/ este ne!esar e,tra!ti) 7apa8/ in a!eleasi pr p rtii. E,tra!tia se fa!e in )ase $e sti!la a! perite/ $e !apa!itate ! resp(n3at are. F.R.X. in$i!a pentr( $e! tie (r%at are %et $a 5 ;1g pr $(s )egetal %ar(ntit (%e!tat !( "g apa 9 lasat in repa(s $e & %in(te/ se tratea3a !( !antitatea $e apa pres!risa/ in!al3ita la fier+ere si se %entine "? %in(te in +aie $e apa / in fier+ere. D(pa a!est ti%p/ s l(tia fier+inte se filtrea3a prin )ata si se ! %pletea3a la %asa pres!risa/ prin spalarea sa( st ar!erea re3i$((l(i. Met $a $e $i3 l)are e,tra!ti)a prin $e! !tie/ !a si !ea prin inf(3are pre3inta (nele e,!eptii 5 H pr $(sele )egetale !are ! ntin al!al i3i se s(p(n e,tra!tiei !( apa a!i$(lata !( a!i$ !itri!/ tartri! sa( !l r2i$ri!/ in !antitate egala !( ! ntin(t(l in al!al i3i $in planta/ !( e,!eptia s! artei $e !2ina/la !are/ in apa/ se a$a(ga 1/& %l $e a!i$ !l r2i$ri!/ la 1g al!al i3i 9 H pr $(sele )egetale !are ! ntin sap nine a!i$e/ gre( s l(+ile se e,trag prin $e! !tie !( apa/ in pre3enta $e 1g +i!ar+ nat $e s $i( la 1?g pr $(s )egetal 7 ra$a!ina $e pri%(la/ $e sp naria8 Da!a s l(tia e,tra!ti)a $epaseste 1??g se a$a(ga ?/1g a%este! $e nipagin'nipas l pentr( fie!are 1??g $e s l(tie re3(ltata. * l(tiile e,tra!ti)e se prepara la ne) ie in !antitate ne!esara pentr( %ai %(lt $e " 3ile in a!est ti%p pr $(s(l tre+(ie pastrat la re!e. (%e!tare preala+ila a pr $(s(l(i )egetal !( s l)ent

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CAPITOLUL III
TINCTURI

3.1. De'i(itie Tin!t(rile s(nt preparate far%a!e(ti!e li!2i$e/ s(+ f r%a $e s l(tii al! li!e/ 2i$r al! li!e sa( eter al! li!e/ +tin(te prin e,tra!tia pr $(sel r )egetale 7TINCTURAE F.R.X.8. N( p t fi ! nsi$erate tin!t(ri s l(tiile al! li!e +tin(te prin $i3 l)area (n r s(+stante !2i%i!e in al! l/ !(% ar fi s l(tia al! li!a $e i $ i $(rat $en(%ita i%pr pri( tin!t(ra $e i $. *pre $e se+ire $e s l(tiile e,tra!ti)e ap ase sa( $igestii/ tin!t(rile repre3inta f r%e far%a!e(ti!e in$(striale/ !( ! n!entratie %are $e prin!ipii a!ti)e/ e,a!t $ 3ate/ a)an$ s l(+ilitate %ai %are/ $e 1'2 ani. 3.2. )e(e!"lit"ti In general/ tin!t(rile se (tili3ea3a in pres!riptii %agistrale/ pentr( (3 inter sa( e,tern/ f r%(late !a pr $(se li!2i$e 7 s l(tii/ sir p(ri/ gargaris%e8/ se%is li$e 7(ng(ente8 sa( !2ia s li$e 7p(l+eri/ pil(le/ )(le8 Pentr( prepararea tin!t(ril r se f l ses! pr $(se )egetale (s!ate. Preparatele +tin(te $in pr $(sele )egetale pr aspete/ prin e,tra!tie !( al! l/ se n(%es! al! lat(ri si se (tili3ea3a fre!)ent in 2 %e patie. Rap rt(l pr $(s )egetalIs l)ent este $e 1517%I%8 pentr( tin!t(rile preparate $in pr $(se )egetale !are ! ntin prin!ipii a!ti)e 7*eparan$a/ Venena8 si $e 19& 7%I%8 pentr( rest(l plantel r. Ca si la alte f r%e e,tra!ti)e este ne!erasara %ar(ntirea pr $(s(l(i )egetal s(p(s e,tra!tiei 9 a!easta se a$(!e la gra$(l $e $i)i3i(ne pre)a3(t in % n grafia respe!ti)a. Da!a este !a3(l/ pr $(s(l )egetal este s(p(s (nei preala+ile $egrasari sa( (%e!tari. Ca s l)enti pentr( tin!t(ri se (tili3ea3a 5 al! l(l $il(at/ al! l(l ! n!entrat/ al! l(l a!i$(lat/ in $iferite alte ! n!entratii sa( in %este! !( alti s l)enti 7in$i!ati in % n grafia respe!ti)a8. F.R. in$i!a pentr( fa+ri!area tin!t(ril r " pr !e$ee 5 %a!erarea/ %a!erarea repetata si per! larea. Tin!t(rile !( sta+ilitate re$(sa se prepara prin $i3 l)area e,tra!tel r (s!ate sa( $il(area !el r fl(i$e.

1-

In in$(stria far%a!e(ti!a se (tili3ea3a alte %et $e % $erna $e e,tra!tie pentr( fa+ri!area tin!t(ril r5 % $ifi!ari ale per! larii/ e,tra!tia in ! ntra!(rent/ e,tra!tia in !(rent ! ntin((. Preparare Tin!t(rile p t fi si%ple sa( ! %ple,e/ +tin(te fie prin e,tra!tia (n(i pr $(s )egetal/ fie a %ai %(lt r plante. Fa3ele pr !es(l(i te2n l gi! $e fa+ri!atie a tin!t(ril r s(nt (r%at arele/ !( spe!ifi!ari/ in f(n!tie $e %et $a $e $i3 l)are e,tra!ti)a aleasa 5 ' li)rarea %ateriil r pri%e 9 ' !antarirea 9 ' %ar(ntirea pr $(s(l(i )egetal 9 ' (%e!tarea pr $(s(l(i )egetal/ !( ' $i3 l)area e,tra!ti)a9 ' separarea s l(tiei e,tra!ti)e prin filtrare9 ' st !area inter%e$iara9 ' ! n$iti narea9 ' %ar!area/ gr(parea/ a%+alarea9 ' $ep 3itare/ transp rt9 ' ! ntr l(l in !(rs(l fa+ri!arii. Li)rarea %ateriil r pri%e si respe!ti) !antarirea l r se efe!t(ea3a in a!elasi % $ !a si pentr( alte f r%e far%a!e(ti!e. Maruntirea produsului vegetal A!easta peratie se efe!t(ea3a in % %ent(l in!eperii fa+ri!atiei/ $e are!e in ti%p(l pastrarii se p ate % $ifi!a sta+ilitatea pr $(s(l(i )egetal/ respe!ti) a prin!ipiil r a!ti)e prin %arirea s(prafetei $e ! nta!t a plantei la a!ti(nea fa!t ril r e,terni. Mar(ntirea se efe!t(ea3a in % ri ! l i$ale/ !( e!2ipa%ente $e pr te!tie 7 %ai ales in !a3(l %ateriil r pri%e t ,i!e/ !are ! ntin s(+stante p(terni! a!ti)e : *eparan$a si Venena8 $(pa !are parti!(lele $e pr $(s )egetal s(nt as rtate/ prin tre!erea/ prin sita a$e!)ata. /mectarea produsului vegetal Ca si la s l(tiile e,tra!ti)e ap ase/ pr $(s(l )egetal %ar(ntit si s rtat p ate fi/ in preala+il/ (%e!tat sa( n(/ !( al! l/ a%este! 2i$r al! li!. Fie in re!ipiente $e %etal in ,i$a+il/ fie $ire!t in tan!(l $e e,tra!tie. e)ent(ala $egresare anteri ara 9

1A

Cantitatea $e li!2i$ e,tra!ti) !are se f l seste in ti%p(l $e (%e!tare )aria3a/ in f(n!tie $e nat(ra si ! %p 3itia !2i%i!a a pr $(s(l(i )egetal/ !at si $e %et $a $e $i3 l)are e,tra!ti)a aleasa/ in general/ pr $(s(l )egetal/ !at si $e %et $a $e $i3 l)are e,tra!ti)a aleasa / in general/ pr $(s(l )egetal ra%ane p(l)er(lent. Operatia $e (%e!tare/ n(%ita si %a!erare este peratie preli%inara/ !are este (r%ata $e alte pr !e$ee $e e,tra!tie !a / per! larea / e,tra!tia in ! ntra!(renta sa( e,tra!tia in !(rent ! ntin((. Dizolvarea e-tractiva E,tra!tia prin!ipiil r a!ti)e $in plante are l ! prin $ (a %e!anis%e prin!ipale/ )e2i!(l(l a!ti nan$ prin $i3 l)are si e,tra!tie. Dizolvarea directa a ! %p nentel r s l(+ile ale !el(lel r )egetale se pr $(!e la ! nta!t(l $ire!t al s l)ent(l(i !( !el(lele sfara%ate. A!easta peratie repre3inta p(l)eri3are. Prin!ipalele %et $e $e e,tra!tie in$(striale s(nt 5 %a!erarea/ per! lare/ $ia! larea/ e)a! lare/ e,tra!tia in ! ntra'!(rent si e,tra!tia in !(rent ! ntin((. Macerare Este %et $a $e e,tra!itie !ea %ai si%pla si in in$(strie se reali3ea3a in (r%at arele )ariante 5 ' %a!erarea si%pla ' %a!erarea repetata 5 $(+la sa( %(ltipla 9 ' %a!erarea !( agitare 5 t(r+ e,tra!tia si )igr e,tra!tia 9 Macerarea simpla *e apli!a pentr( fa+ri!area s l(tiil r e,tra!ti)e al! li!e 5 tin!t(ri si e,tra!te. Ea se efe!t(ea3a la te%perat(ra !a%erei ' pr $(s(l )egetal este %entin(t in ! nta!t !( s l)ent(l/ $e +i!ei al! l $e $iferite ! n!entratii/ %ai rar apa 7 $e e,e%pl( apa a!i$(lata !( a!i$ f sf ri! 1?B pentr( e,tra!t(l $e pi( (s!at8 (n ti%p )aria+il/ intr'(n )as in!2is pentr( a n( se e)ap ra s l)ent(l. A!easta %et $a este pre)a3(ta $e F.R. X si se efe!t(ea3a prin (r%at r(l pr !e$e( 5 Pr $(s(l )egetal %ar(ntit !( gra$(l in$i!at in % n grafie si li!2i$(l e,tra!ti) se intr $(! intr'(n re!ipient/ !are se in!2i$e si selasa 3e!e 3ile la te%perat(ra n r%ala/ agitan$ $e "'# ri pe 3i. * l(tia e,tra!ti)a se $e!antea3a si re3i$((l )egetal se presea3a. 1< pri%a fa3a a e,tra!tie/ !a se ep(i3ea3a a!ea p arte a pr $(s(l(i )egetal f r%at $in !el(lelle $istr(se prin %ar(ntire sa(

Tin!t(ra se pastrea3a la re!e &'1?@C !el p(tin - 3ile ap i se filtrea3a e)itan$ pier$erile prin e)ap rare. In $iferite far%a! peei ti%p(l $e ! nta!t p ate )aria intre #'1? 3ile. De are!e %a!erarea si%pla n( ! n$(!e la ran$a%ente satisfa!at are/ a( f st pr p(se %et $e $e e (i3are a pr $(s(l(i )egetal in $ (a sa( %ai %(lte fa3a/ pr !e$ee n(%ite $e %a!erare repetata/ !are p ate fi $e!i %a!erare $(+la sa( %(ltipla. Macerarea repetata Ma!erarea $(+la 5 pr $(s(l )egetal s(p(s e,tra!tiei este tratta !( $ (a fra!ti(ni $e s l)ent 5 intai !( pri%(l 4(%atate $e s l)ant/ $(pa !are se separa li!2i$(l e,tra!ti)/ re3i$((l se presea3a si peste a!esta se a$(ga $e - 3ile si se filtrea3a. Ma!erarea %(ltipla 5 pr $(s(l )egetal %ar(ntit se tratea3a s(!!esi) !( $iferite !antitati $in ) l(%(l t tal $e li!2i$/ %entinan$('se in re!ipient in!2is ti%p(l pre)a3(t. Li!2i$(l e,tra!ti) se separa/ pr $(s(l )egetal se presea3a si se tratea3a !( p rti(ne (r%at are $e li!2i$. Fra!ti(nile $e s l(tie e,tra!ti)a se re(nes!. O pr +a filtrata se $eter%ina ! n!entratia in prin!ipii a!ti)e si $a!a este ne!esar tin!t(ra se a$(!e !( li!2i$ e,tra!ti) la ! n!entratia pre)a3(ta. *e pastrea3a la re!e !el p(tin - 3ile. ercolarea Prin a!est pr !e$e( $e e,tra!tie !are se apli!a fra!)ent se +tin !ele %ai +(ne ran$a%ente.E,tra!tia se efe!t(ea3a in re!ipiente !ilin$ri!e sa( ! ni!e pre)a3(te !( $isp 3iti)e $e s!(rgere a li!2i$(l(i e,tra!ti) si $e reglare a $e+it(l(i.A!este re!ipiente s(nt $en(%ite per! lat are $(pa %et $a $e e,tra!tie. Den(%irea $e per! lare pr )ine $e la !()intele $in li%+a latina per J prin si ! lare J a !(rge pi!at(ra !( pi!at(ra. Li!2i$(l e,tra!ti) +tin(t prin %et $a $e per! lare este n(%it per! lat. In !(rs(l peratiei $e per! lare se p t ! le!ta separat $iferite fra!ti(ni $e li!2i$ e,tra!ti). La sfarsit(l peratiei se lasa sa !(rga t t li!2i$(l $in per! lat r. Prin a%este!area $iferitel r fra!ti(ni peri! late se p ate +tine (n li!2i$ e,tra!ti) t(l+(re $at rita $iferentei $e s l(+ilitate a prin!ipiil r a!ti)e e,trase. Per! lat(l se lasa in repa(s 2'- 3ile se $e!antea3a si se filtrea3a. a $ (a fra!ti(ne $e s l)ent/ +tin(na$('se al $ ilea li!2i$ e,tra!ti). Cele $ (a fra!ti(ni $e li!2i$ e,tra!ti) se (nes!/ se % geni3ea3a / se pastrea3a la re!e/ la &'1?@C ti%p

1D

F.R.X. pre)e$e (r%at r(l pr !e$e(5 pr $(s(l )egetal se a$(!e la gra$(l $e %ar(ntire pre)a3(t in % n grafia respe!ti)a.In ! ntin(are pentr( fie!are gra% $e pr $(s )egetal se f l ses! prin (%e!tare ?/& %l $in s l)ent(l pre)a3(t/ se a%este!a si se lasa la te%perat(ra !a%erei ti%p $e " re intr'(n )as +ine in!2is.*e tre!e prin sita I si nse intr $(!e in per! lat r/presan$ (s r se a$as(ga treptat s l)ent pana !an$ a!esta in!epe sa !(rga prin r +inet(l inferi r $es!2is iar $eas(pra a%este!(l(i se %ai afla (n strat $e li!2i$.R +inet(l se )a in!2i$e se lasa in repa(s ti%p $e 2# $e re ap i se in!epe per! larea.Vite3a $e per! lare tre+(ie astfel reglata in!at in 2# $e re sa se +tina 1/& g s l(tie e,tra!ti)a/pentr( fie!are gra% $e pr $(s )egetal. Pe t ata peri a$a e,tra!tiei pr $(s(l )egetal tre+(ie sa fie a! perit !( s l)ent.Per! larea se efe!t(ea3a pana se +tine %asa $e tin!t(ra pre)a3(ta in % n grafia respe!ti)a se lasa in repa(s la te%perat(ra $e &'1?@C ti%p $e - 3ile si se filtrea3a. ercolarea fractionata sau repercolarea E,tra!tia prin reper! lare (tili3ea3a !antitati li%itate $e s l)ent si se apli!a %ai ales la fa+ri!area fl(i$el r $in pr $(se )egetale !are ! ntin (lei(ri ) latile. Reper! larea a f st pr p(sa in 1DD- in *.U.A. Diacolarea Met $a $e e,tra!tie (tili3ea3a a!ti(nea presi(nii. Pr $(s(l )egetal este intr $(s in per! lat are !ilin$ri!e !( $ia%etr(l %i!/ s(+ f r%a $e ! l ane f arte inalte/ plasate in serie. * l)ent(l este f rtat sa patr(n$a in e,tra!t r/ $e s(s in 4 s/ s(+ presi(ne. Cir!(latia s l)ent(l(i este lenta/ pi!at(ra !( pi!at(ra. *e (tili3ea3a !( a pr $(s(l(i )egetal. Dia! larea este e,tra!te fl(i$e. 0-tractia in contra-curent Met $a $e e,tra!tie in ! nta'!(rent este fre!)ent f l sita in in$(stria far%a!e(ti!a/ $e are!e ! n$(!e la ran$a%ente %a,i%e. Este %et $a $e e,tra!tie !( ! nta!t %(ltipl(/ $e!i p ate fi ! nsi$erata si !a )arianta a per! larii fra!ti nate. A!est pr !e$e( este (tili3at fre!)ent pentr( fa+ri!area tin!t(ril r si e,tra!tel r fl(i$e in in$(strie. 2? %et $a $e e,tra!tie ! %pleta/ in$i!ata %ai ales pentr( prepararea $e !antitate $e s l)ent egala

0-tractia in curent continuu A!est pr !e$e( $e e,tra!tie se apli!a %ai ales pentr( pr $(sele )egetale/ !are ! ntin prin!ipii a!ti)e ter% la+ile/ (tili3an$ $iferiti s l)enti sing(ri sa( in a%este!. Pr $(s(l )egetal %ar(ntit se intr $(!e in e,tra!t r/ se a$a(ga s l)ent(l si se %a!erea3a 2# re. Li!2i$(l e,tra!ti) se s!(rge in e)ap rat r/ (n$e se in!al3este. Vap rii $e s l)ent patr(n$ in ! n$ensat r/ $e ai!i in ! le!t r si %ai $eparte in e,tra!t r/ !a $istilat. Cir!(latia s l)ent(l(i se efe!t(ea3a $e 1?'1& ri/ pana la ep(i3area pr $(s(l(i )egetal/ !are se $es!ar!a. 0-tractia cu ultrasunete A%este!(l pr $(s(l(i )egetalIs l)ent este s(p(s (nei agitari p(terni!e prin inter%e$i(l (ltras(netel r/ !are a!!elerea3a e,tra!tia. Pr !e$e(l n( este f l sit fre!)ent/ $e are!e (ltars(netele a!ti)ea3a pr !esele $e ,i$are si 2i$r li3a a prin!ipiil r a!ti)e/ fa!ilitan$ alterarea e,tra!t(l(i. Descriere Tin!t(rile s(nt li!2i$e li%pe3i/ ! l rate/ !( %ir s(l si g(st(l !ara!teristi!e ! %p nentel r pr $(s(l(i )egetal $in !are s'a( preparat si s l)ent(l f l sit la e,tra!tie. Prin $il(are !( apa/ (nele tin!t(ri $e)in pales!ente sa( se t(l+(ra. Co(*itio("!e" Tin!t(rile se ! n$iti nea3a in sti!le $e !(l are +r(na/ +ine in!2ise/ $e !apa!itate %i!a/ pana la 1???g. 3.4. Conservare Tin!t(rile se ! nser)a $est(l $e +ine/ $at rita pre3entei al! l(l(i. Da!a fla! anele n( s(nt +ine in!2ise/ are l ! e)ap rtarea s l)ent(l(i/ !eea !e $(!e la % $ifi!area ! n!entratiei si la aparitia $e se$i%ente. Tin!t(rile se ina!ti)ea3a in ti%p/ !2iar prin pastrarea in ! n$itii ! resp(n3at are/ a( (n ter%en $e )ala+ilitate $e 1'2 ani/ $(pa !are s(nt reanali3ate si $a!a ele ! resp(n$/ se %ai p t f l si (n an 9 tin!t(rile !( )ala+ilitate $e 1 an/ $(pa ! ntr l/ se %ai p t f l si - l(ni. In !a3(l f r%arii $e se$i%ente/ se a$%ite f l sirea li!2i$(l(i $e!antat.

21

Tin!t(rile a !ar r %asa este %ai %are $e 2&?g se ! nser)a la te%perat(ri !(prinse intre <@C si 1&@C. TINCTURA OPII 1inctura de opiu *in ni%e 5 Tin!t(ra %e! nii/ tin!t(ra T2e+ai!a/ tin!t(ra La($an(% liK(i$(%. Opi(l a!ti nea3a as(pra t(+(l(i $igesti) prin al!al i3i pe !are ii ! ntine. Mi!s rea3a peristaltis%(l st %a!(l(i si intestin(l(i/ !res!an$ t n(s(l %(s!2il r nete3i/ ! ntra!ta pil r(l/ si sfin!terele/ $epri%a refl(,(l $e $efe!atie prin a!ti(nea in2i+it are !entrala si $i%in(a se!retiile $igesti)e. T ate a!este %e!anis%e ! ntri+(ie la instalarea (nei a!ti(ni ! nstipante p(terni!e/ !are p ate fi e)i$entiata la % !2iar la $ 3e %i!i $e pi(. Preparare Opi(% p(l)erat(% A!i$(% p2 sp2 ri!(% Al!a2al(% $il(t(% se +tina 1??g tin!t(ra. Des!riere Tin!t(ra $e pi( este (n li!2i$ li%pe$e/ +r(n : in!2is/ !( %ir s !ara!teristi! si g(st a%ar/ se a%ste!a !( apa/ f r%an$ s l(tii pales!ente. A!ti(nea far%a! l gi!a si intre+(intari A!ti(nea ! nstipanta/ antispasti!a/ analge3i!a. In$i!atii 5 .astr enterite a!(te/ ! li!i 2epati!e/ nefreti!e/ intestinale. D 3a %a,i%a pentr( $ata este 1/&g 9 &g pentr( 2# re. Co(&e!$"!e VENENA 11/#g ?/1Ag K.s.

*e prepara prin %a!erare repetata/ ! nf r% pre)e$eril r $e la TINCTURAE/ astfel in!at sa

TINCTURA +ELLADONNAE 1inctura de matraguna *in ni%e 5 Tin!t(ra $e +ela$ na. Preparare 5 1ela$ nnae f li(% 7V8 1?g 22

A!i$(% 2i$r !2l ri!(% Al! 2 l(% $il(t(%

1??gIl K.s. K.s. a$. 1??g

*e prepara prin per! lare/ ! nf r% pre)e$eril r $e la TINCTURAE/ !( al! l $il(at 7R8 !are ! ntine 1?gIl a!i$ !l r2i$ri! 1??gIl 7 R8 /astfel in!at sa se +tina <?g tin!t(ra. Des!riere Tin!t(ra $e +ela$ na se pre3inta !a (n li!2i$ li%pe$e/ +r(n')er3(i/ !( %ir s !ara!teristi!/ !( g(st a%ar si rea!tie a!i$a. A!ti(nea far%a! l gi!a si intre+(intari 5 Preparatele $e +ela$ na isi $at rea3a a,ti)itati far%a! l gi!e in$e se+i pre3entei atr pinei. Tin!t(ra $e +ela$ na are a!ti(ne se$ati)a si antispasti!a/ $i%in(an$ se!retiile si peristaltis%(l intestinal/ $e ase%enea/ $i%in(ea3a spas%ele %(s!(lat(rii +r nsi!e. In$i!atii 5 *pas%e ale %(s!(lat(rii nete$e intestinale/ $isGine3ii +iliare/ ! lite si %ai rar/ t(l+(rari $ispepti!e. M $ $e a$%inistrare 5 a$(lt : 1 %l C nser)are 5*EPARANDA. $ata 9 pentr( 2# $e re " %l.

TINCTURA VALERIANAE 1inctura de odolean *in ni%e 5 Tin!t(ra $e )aleriana. Preparare 5 Valerianae r2i3a%a !(% ra$i!i+(s 7IV8 Al! 2 l(% $il(t(% +tina 1??g tin!t(ra. Des!riere 5 Li!2i$ li%pe$e/ r s('+r(n/ !( %ir s !ara!teristi! si rea!tie sla+ a!i$a. In ti%p/ tin!t(ra se in!2i$e la !(l are fara !a a!easta sa ! nstin(ie $egra$are. Tin!t(rile preparate !( al! l %ai $il(at se ! l rea3a %ai intens. A!ti(nea far%a! l gi!a si intre+(intari Us r se$ati) al siste%(l(i ner) s !entral/ antispasti!. 2" $ )a$a $e 2?g K.s.

*e prepara prin per! lare ! nf r% pre)e$eril r $e la TINCTURAE/ astfel in!at sa se

In$i!atii 5 Ne)r 3e si ins %nii/ stari spasti!e. D 3e 1&'2? pi!at(ri $e 2'# riI3i.

TINCTURA ACONITI 1inctura de omag *in ni%e 5 Tin!t(ra $e a! nit. Preparare A! niti t(+er 7V8 A!i$(% 2F$r !2l ri!(% Al! 2 l(% $il(t(% 7 R8/ astfel in!at sa se +tina D?g tin!t(ra. *e $ 3ea3a al!al i3ii si se $(!e prin $il(are !( al! l $il(ant 7R8 la ! n!entratia pre)a3(ta. Des!riere Li!2i$ li%pe$e/ gal+en'+r(n/ !( g(st a%ar/ intepat r 7 t ,i!8 A!ti(ne far%a! l gi!a si intre+(intari E,tern preparatele $e a! nit apli!ate pe piele sa( %(! ase pr $(! ter%inatiil r ner) ase sen3 riale/ (r%ata $e In a!elasi ti%p apare pareste3ii/ a4(ngan$ pana la aneste3ie $eplina. Tin!t(rile preparate !( al! l %ai $il(at se ! l rea3a %ai intens. A!ti(nea far%a! l gi!a si intre+(intari Us r se$ati) al siste%(l(i ner) s !entral/ antispasti!. In$i!atii 5 Ne)r 3e si ins %nii/ stari spasti!e. D 3e 1&'2? pi!at(ri $e 2'# riI3i. s!a$ere a sensi+ilitatii !a sen3atie $e !al$(ra (r%ata $e e,!itatie initiala a ! nse!inta a aneste3iei. 1?g K.s. K.s.

*e prepara prin per! lare/ ! nf r% pre)e$eril r $e la TINCTURAE/ !( al! l $il(at

f(rni!at(ra !ara!teristi!a/ pr(rit/ $i)erse

TINCTURA ANTIC,OLERINA 1inctura anticolerina 2#

*in ni% 5 tin!t(ra Da)illa Preparare Tin!t(ra pii Ci(na% ni aet2er le(% Ment2ae aet2er le(% A!i$(% 2i$r !2l ri!(% Al! 2 l(% Des!riere Li!2i$ li%pe$e/ r s('+r(n/ !( %ir s ar %at si g(st a%ar'ar3at r. A!ti(ne far%a! l gi!a si intre+(intari Are a!ti(ne ! nstipanta 7 $at rita tin!t(rii $e pi(8 si spas% liti!a prin (lei(l $e %enta5 este (s r analge3i! si antispasti!/ %ai ales as(pra !ra%pel r intestinale. In$i!atii 5 *e re! %an$a in $iaree 7 prin efe!t(l ! nstipant $at rita $i%in(arii se!retiil r si in!etinirii peristaltis%(l(i8. M $ $e a$%inistrare 5 pi!at(ri 9 $ 3a %ini%a pentr( re/ $e ?/-g. C nser)are VENENA $ata este $e ?/"g 9 pentr( 2# $e 1Ag 1g &g 1g K.s. a$. 1??g E,tra!t(% Frang(lae fl(i$(% "/#g

*e a%este!a si $(pa #< re se filtrea3a.

TINCTURA AURANTII PERICARPII 1inctura de coaja de portocale Preparare A(rantii peri!arpi(% 7III8 Al! 2 l(% $il(t(% +tina 1??g tin!t(ra. Des!riere Li!2i$ li%pe$e/ gal+en'+r(n/ !( %ir s pla!(t !ara!teristi! si g(st sla+ a%ar/ ar %at. A!ti(nea far%a! l gi!a si intre+(intari 2?g K.s.

*e prepara prin %a!erare/ ! nf r% pre)e$eril r $e la TINCTURAE/ astfel in!at sa se

2&

Prepratele a+tin(te prin peri!arp(l fr(!tel r $e p rt !al s(nt f l site !a t ni!e/ e(pepti!e si st %a2i!e/ fiin$ sti%(lente ale se!retiil r gastri!e si inf(entan$ 2ip % tilitatea gastr intestinala. In$i!atii E,!itant st %a2i!/ $e ase%enea !a ar %ati3ant/ per%itan$ %as!area g(st(l(i nepla!(t a (n r %e$i!a%ente. M $ $e a$%inistrare5 Tin!t(ra $e p rt !ale se a$%inistrea3a in $ 3e $e5 ?/& '1/? si 1'2 gI3i. $ata

TINCTURA +ALSAMI TOLUTANI 1inctura de balsam de 1olu Preparare 1alsa%(% t l(tan(% Al! 2 l(% 2?g K.s.

1alsa%(l $e t l( se lasa in ! nta!t !( <?g al! l 7R8 ti%p $e 1? 3ile/ agitan$ $in !an$ in !an$ 9 se filtrea3a si se ! %pletea3a !( al! l astfel in!at sa se +tina 1??g tin!t(ra. Des!riere Li!2i$ li%pe$e/ r s('+r(n/ !( %ir s si g(st ar %at/ !ara!teristi! si rea!tie a!i$a. A!ti(nea far%a! l gi!a si intre+(intari E,pe!t rant si antisepti! al !ail r respirat rii/ antispasti! as(pra %(s!(lat(rii nete$e a +r n2iil r. In$i!atii Este re! %an$at in tra2e +r nsite a!(te si !r ni!e/ ast% +r nsi!. M $ $e a$%inistrare 5 ?/& '1 gI3i se p t a$%inistra si $ 3e %ai %ari 2'<gI3i.

TINCTURA EUCAL-PTI 2-

1inctura de eucalipt Preparare E(!alFpti f li(% 7III8 Al! 2 l(% $il(t(% +tina 1??g tin!t(ra. Des!riere Li!2i$ li%pe$e/ +r(n sa( )er$e' +r(n/ !( %ir s !ara!teristi! si g(st a%ar. A!ti(ne far%a! l gi!a si intre+(intari Us r $e3infe!tant p(l% nar/ fa) ri3an$ se!retia +r nsi!a si e,pe!t ratia 9 l !al 7 pe %(! ase8 are a!ti(ne (s r astringenta/ sla+ antisepti!a si aneste3i!a. In$i!atii5 Antisepti! respirat r si $e3 $ ri3ant in +r nsita !r ni!a si gangrena p(l% nara/ in rin faringite (s!ate/ atr fi!e si in sin(3ite ! ngesti)e. M $ $e a$%inistrare5 2'1?gI2# re pentr( a$(lti. C pii : ?/2?gIan $e )arsta9 e,tern s(+ f r%a $e in2alatii. TINCTURA )ENTIANAE 1inctura de ghintura *in ni%5 tin!t(ra $e gentiana Preparare .entianae ra$i,7III8 Al! 2 l(% $il(t(% 2?g K.s. 2?g K.s.

*e prepara prin per! lare/ ! nf r% pre)e$eril r $e la TINCTURAE/ astfel in!at sa se

*e prepara prin per! lare/ ! nf r% pre)e$eril r $e la TINCTURAE/ astfel in!at sa se +tina 1??g tin!t(ra. Des!riere Li!2i$ li%pe$e/ gal+en/ pana la r s('+r(n/ !( %ir s ar %at/ !ara!teristi! si g(st a%ar. A!ti(ne far%a! l gi!a si intre+(inatari Preparatele $e gentiana se f l ses! !a t ni!e a%are si e(pepti!e/ sti%(lan$ prin s(+stantele a%are !e le ! ntin re!ept ri g(stati)i si/ in % $ refle,/ se!retia sali)ara/ gastri!a si intestinala. In$i!atii 2A

*(nt in$i!atii in an re,ii $e rigine )ariata/ la ! n)ales!enti/ $ispepti!e. M $ $e a$%inistrare 5 Tin!t(ra $e gentiana se a$%inistrea3a !a atare/ in pi!at(ri/ in $ 3e $e 2'1?gI3i sa( as !iata !( alte tin!t(ri.

TINCTURA MENT,AE 1inctura de izma buna *in ni% 5 Tin!t(ra $e %enta. Preparare Ment2ae f li(% 7 III8 Ment2ae aet2er le(% Al! 2 l(% D?@ 1??g tin!t(ra. Des!riere Li!2i$ li%pe$e/ )er$e/ !( %ir s si g(st $e %enta. La $il(are !( "%l apa se f r%ea3a e%(lsie al+'gal+(ie. A!ti(ne far%a! l gi!a si intre+(intari Tin!t(ra $e %enta isi $at rea3a a!ti)itatea sa terape(ti!a pre3entei (le(il(i eteri!. Este re! %an$ata !a t ni!'e(pepti!/ (s r analge3i!a si !ar%inati)e/ antispasti!a si ! lag ga/ sla+ antispasti!a as(pra fl rei +(!ale Este (tila in (nele stari $e at nie a t(+(l(i $igesti)/ $iaree/ greata/ spas%e pil ri!e si gastr intestinale/ $is!2ine3ii +iliare. E,tern 5 In in2alatii !a antisepti!/ analge3i! si $e! ngesti nant in (nele afe!ti(ni ale %(! asei na3ale si ale !ail r respirat rii s(peri are. *e %ai intre+(intea3a in te2ni!a far%a!e(ti!a pentr( ! re!tarea g(st(l(i (n r pr $(se !are ! ntin anti+i ti!e/ anti2ista%ini!e/ preparate !( !al!i(/ fier/ )ita%ine/ s l(tii e,tra!ti)e 7 ipe!a/ ratania/ %(setel8/ s(+stante saline. M $ $e a$%inistrare 5 s(+ f r%a $e pi!at(ri !a atare sa( in p ti(ni/ in $ 3e $e &'1& pi!at(ri pana la & si !2iar 1?g. E,tern/ in in2alatii as !iata !( tin!t(ra $e e(!alipt. &g &g K.s.

*e prepara prin per! lare/ ! nf r% pre)e$eril r $e la TINCTURAE/ astfel in!at sa se +tina

2<

TINCTURA RATAN,IAE 1inctura de ratania Preparare Ratan2iae ra$i, 7 IV8 Al! 2 l(% $il(t(% 1??g tin!t(ra. Des!riere Li!2i$ li%pe$e/ r s('+r(n/ !( %ir s !ara!teristi! si g(st astringent. A!ti(ne far%a! l gi!a si intre+(intari Dat rita pre3entei tanin(ril r preparatel r $e ratania a( %(! asel r !ar ra le $i%in(ea3a se!retia si a!ti(ne 2e% stati!a. In$i!atii *(nt in$i!ate in trata%ent(l $iareel r !r ni!e. M $ $e a$%inistrare5 inter5 2'"gI3i in p ti(ni/ e,tern5 s l(tii &B pentr( !latit g(ra. a!ti(ne astrigenta as(pra 2?g K.s.

*e prepara prin per! lare/ ! nf r% pre)e$eril r $e la TINCTURAE/ astfel in!at sa se +tina

FORME FARMACEUTICE CARE CONTIN TINCTURI

TUSOMA)

P!e.e(t"!e far%a!e(ti!a5 Fla! n a 2? %l s l(tie pentr( (3 intern ! ntinan$5 ! $eina 1 g/ +en3 at $e s $i( 1 g/ tin!t(ra $e !i%+r( 1D g/ tin!t(ra $e a! nit 1? g/ tin!t(ra $e +ela$ na 1& g/ +r % f r% 1? g/ apa $e %ig$ale a%are 1& g/ al! l pana la 1?? g. A#tiu(e te!"%euti#" 5 *e$ati) al t(sei/ fl(i$i3ant al e,pe!t ratiei si asepti3ant al !ail r respirat rii.

2D

Mo* *e "*/i(i&t!"!e5 A$(lti5 1?'2? $e pi!at(ri $e " riI3i9 ! pii 5 2'1& ani5 &'1& pi!at(ri $e 2'" riI3i 7in lapte sa( !eai 8. Re"#tii "*$e!&e5 Depasirea $ 3el r pr ) a!a iritarea %(! asel r si a pielii / in!etinirea p(ls(l(i si a respiratiei/ s %n lenta. Co(t!"i(*i#"tii5 Afe!ti(ni !ar$ia!e si renale gra)e9 afe!ti(ni p(l% nare a!(te9 int leranta la +r % f r% sa( a! nitina. N( se a$%inistrea3a ! piil r s(+ 2 ani. TUSIMUN

In$i!atii Faringite / laringite / tra2eite / +r nsite a!(te si !r ni!e/ afe!ti(ni p(l% nare ins tite $e t(se $e $iferite eti l gii 7 t(se ! n)(lsi)a/ t(se iritati)a et!.8. Pr $(s(l p ate fi f l sit si $e + lna)ii $e $ia+et $e are!e n( ! ntine 3a2ar . P!e.e(t"!e "? g e,tra!t $e patlagina 9 "D g e,tra!t $e liK(iritiae 9 "? g tin!t(ra $e )aleriana la 1??%l. s l(tie. Co(t!"i(*i#"tii0 N( are/ intr(!at pr $(s(l este as !iere $e e,tra!te )egetale

+ine!(n s!(te si !ara!teri3ate $e literat(ra $e spe!ialitate. P!e#"utii0 se a$%inistrea3a !( pr($enta la + lna)ii !( e%fi3e% p(l% nar.

A!ti(ni Antiinfla%at rie/ se$ati)a a siste%(l(i ner) s/ e% lianta/ e,pe!t ranta/ !i!atri3anta/ !al%ea3a t(sea / fl(i$ifi!a se!retia +r nsi!a. *ti%(larea %i4l a!el r antiinfe!ti ase $e aparare a rganis%(l(i prin !resterea a!ti)itatii siste%(l(i i%(nitar .

"?

Co(*itii *e %"&t!"!e M $ $e pastrare5 la te%perat(ra !a%erei 72?@C LI' &@C8 !( !apa!(l +ine in!2is. Ter%en $e )ala+ilitate5 2 ani in a%+ala4(l riginal. A*/i(i&t!"!e ' A$(lti si ! pii peste 1? ani5 !ate ' C piii intre " ' 1? ani5 !ate ri pe 3i. ' C piii intre 1 ' " ani !ate 1& ' 2? $e pi!at(ri $e " ri pe 3i. Pr $(s(l se $il(ea3a in &? ' 1?? %l apa si se +ea !( ing2itit(ri %i!i in " ' # %in(te. SIRO)AL P!e.e(t"!e '"!/"#euti#"0 *ir p ar %ati3at ! ntinan$ Gali( s(lf gaia! li! 2/"? g/ +en3 at $e s $i( 2/"? g/ tin!t(ra $e a! nit ?/<? gI1?? g 7fla!. !( 12& %l8. A#tiu(e te!"%euti#"0 E,pe!t rant si antit(si) !( a!ti(ne +lan$a. I(*i#"tii0 1r nsite a!(te si !r ni!e. Mo* *e "*/i(i&t!"!e0 Adulti: "'# ling(riI3i9 copii (peste 2 ani): 1'" ling(riteI3i. Co(t!"i(*i#"tii0 Atentie la $ia+eti!i 7! ntine 3a2ar8 ling(rita $e " ' # ri pe 3i. ling(rita in f(n!tie $e )arsta8 $e 2 ' " 4(%atate $e ling(rita 7sa(

SINUPRET

"1

Co/%o.itie0 Un $ra4e( *in(pret ! ntine5 p(l+ere $e Ra$i, .entianae - %g/ Fl res Pri%(lae !(% CalF!i+(s 1< %g/ Cer+a R(%i!is 1< %g/ Fl res *a%+(!i 1< %g/ Cer+a Ver+enae 1< %g. In$i!atii5*in(3ite a!(te si !r ni!e/ rin sin(3ite/ +r nsite9 pr fila,ia ! ntra infe!tiil r in sin$r a%ele +r nsiti!e9 !efalee/ $(reri $e !ap $e !a(3a sin(sala. Co(t!"i(*i#"tii0N( se !(n s! pana in pre3ent. Re"#tii "*$e!&e5A( f st rap rtate !a3(ri f arte rare $e t(l+(rari gastri!e sa( rea!tii $e 2ipersensi+ilitate 7e,ante% si $ispnee8. Mo* *e "*/i(i&t!"!e0 Da!a n( e,ista alte in$i!atii5 a$(lti5 2 ta+lete $e " ri pe 3i ! pii $e s! ala5 1 ta+leta $e " ri pe 3i

SINUPRET 1 &olutie

"2

I(*i#"tii0 *in(pret s l(tie este (n %e$i!a%ent nat(rist in$i!at in sin(3ite a!(te si !r ni!e/ rin sin(3ite/ +r nsite. Co/%o.itie0 Ra$i, gentianae ' ?/2 gr9 Fl res pri%(lae !(% !alF!i+(s ' - %g9 Cer+a r(%i!is ' ?/- gr9 *a%+(!i fl res ' ?/- gr9 Cer+a )er+enae ' ?/- gr. Mo* *e "*/i(i&t!"!e0 A$(lti5 &? pi!at(ri $e " ri pe 3i. C pii $e )arsta s! lara5 2& pi!at(ri $e " ri pe 3i. C pii %i!i5 1& pi!at(ri $e " ri pe 3i

""

Vo&e%tol2 #o/%!i/"te

Co/%o.itie Pr $(se nat(rale5Tin!t(ra $e pr p lis/ Aet2er le(%/ La)an$(lae/ Aet2er le(% E(!alipti/ Aet2er le(% Ment2ae/ Aet2er le(% Pini/ Aet2er le(% T2F%i. A#tiu(e te!"%euti#" As !ierea $e (lei(ri ) latile si tin!t(ra $e pr p lis $in ! %p 3itia pr $(s(l(i a$(!e in rganis% (n ! %ple, $e prin!ipii a!ti)e )egetale !( a!ti(ne sinergi!a/ !( r l $e se+it $e fa) ra+il in afe!ti(nile %(! asei +(!ale si ale !ail r respirat rii s(peri are. Pr $(s(l are a!ti(ne !i!atri3anta/ anti%i!r +iana/ ! re!t are $e %ir s si (s r aneste3i!a in afe!ti(nile !a)itatii +(!ale. *ti%(lea3a !ir!(latia periferi!a la ni)el(l !apilarel r sang(ine $in %(! asa +(!ala. La ni)el(l !ail r respirat rii s(peri are sti%(lea3a respiratia/ fa) ri3ea3a e,pe!t ratia si pr $(!e efe!t antisepti! la ni)el(l %(! asei tra2e +r nsi!e. I%+(natateste )entilatia p(l% nara. I(*i#"tii Afte si le3i(ni +(!ale/ faringite/ laringite/ tra2e +r nsite/ 2alena. Do.e &i /o* *e "*/i(i&t!"!e A$(lti5 1'2 ! %pri%ate $e " ri pe 3i/ se s(g $(pa %ese/ $(pa !are 2 re n( se "#

! ns(%a ali%ente sa( li!2i$e/ ti%p $e #'& 3ile. C pii peste " ani5 4(%atate $in $ 3a a$(lt(l(i. *e a$%inistrea3a !( pr($enta la pa!ientii !e pre3inta int leranta la pr $(sele api! le. Co(t!"i(*i#"tii N( se !(n s!. Ti(#tu!" *e /e(t" se $istinge prin efe!tele ra! rit are/ !al%ante/ $e! ngesti)e/ reglat are +lan$e ale a!ti)itatii ner) ase. Este f arte efi!ienta in a%este! !( alta tin!t(ra 7sa( %ai %(lte8/ sp rin$ f arte %(lt si ! %pletan$ a!ti(nea terape(ti!a a alt r plante. Are efe!te %ai ales in trata%ent(l infe!tiil r respirat rii 7g(t(rai/ gripa/ +r nsita8/ ins(fi!ientel r respirat rii/ + lil r ins tite $e fe+ra/ afe!ti(nil r infla%at rii/ an(%it r t(l+(rari ner) ase. A#tiu(i te!"%euti#e ti(#tu!" *e /e(t" I(te!( Ti(#tu!" *e Me(t" 5 analge3i! (s r/ antiane%i! 7i%pie$i!a ) %a pr $(!an$ (s ara

aneste3ie a %(! asei gastri!e8/ antifer%antati) (s r/ antisepti! gastr 'intestinal p(terni!/ antispasti!/ antit(si) %e$i('sla+/ +a!teri stati! +(n/ !ala%ant al ! li!il r 2epat +iliare/ !al%ant psi2i! (s r/ !ar%inati) 7re$(!e ga3ele intestinale8/ ! lereti! si ! lag g %e$i('sla+/ $i(reti! %e$i('sal+/ e,pe!t rant +(n/ fe+rif(g +(n/ i%pie$i!a s %n(l 7in $ 3a p(terni!a8/ rela,ant' se$ati) (s r 7in $ 3e %i!i'%e$ii8/ sti%(lent si e,!itant pentr( aparat(l $igesti) si !ir!(lat r/ sti%(lent respirat r/ st %a2i! %e$i('sla+/ s($ rifi!/ t ni! ner) s/ )as ! nstri!t r/ )er%if(g sla+ E te!( Ti(#tu!" *e Me(t" 0 antif(ngi! 7in2i+a $e3) ltarea !i(per!il r pat gene8 (s r/ antisepti!/ antispas% $i!/ !al%ant si antiinfla%at r la ni)el(l pielii 7re$(!e in spe!ial sen3atia $e %an!ari%e si (st(ri%e8 Re#o/"(*"!i ti(#tu!" *e /e(t" 0 1. "&t/2 3!o(&it" 7se as !ia3a f arte +ine !( tin!t(ra $e trei frati patati. *e ia 1 ling(rita $e # ri pe 3i/ pe st %a!(l g l8 2. 4!i%"2 4utu!"i2 tu&e #o($ul&i$" 7se ! %+ina in pr p rtii egale !( tin!t(ra $e arni!a si $e %estea!an. *e ia 1 ling(rita $e # ri pe 3i pe st %a!(l g l8 ". i('e#tii 3"#te!ie(e 7a$4()ant8 7se ia ! %+inatia $e tin!t(ra $e %enta/ arni!a si %estea!an in

"&

$ 3a pre3entata %ai s(s. Pe langa efe!tele anti'+a!teriene $ire!te a%este!(l are si intensifi!are a a!ti)itatii siste%(l(i i%(nitar.8

a!ti(ne $e

#. Di4e&tie le(t"2 i(*i4e&tie2 3"lo("!e/ aer fagie/ 7ingerarea in) l(ntara $e aer in ti%p(l %esei/ (r%ata $e er(!tatii : ragaieli8 7se ia 1 ling(rita $intr' ! %+inatie $e tin!t(ri $e %enta si ang2inare in pr p rtii egale !( &'1? %in(te inainte $e %asa &. Se(."tie *e $o/" 7greata8 $e $iferite eti l gii/ ra( $e !alat rie 7se ia 1 ling(rita $e tin!t(ra $il(ata in 4(%atate $e pa2ar $e apa pe st %a!(l g l. Pers anele !are a( $e %enta si tin!t(ra $e li!2en $e piatra in pr p rtii egale8 -. ,"le(" 5/i!o& u!"t "l 4u!ii6/ 2alena as !iata !( $ispepsie 7se ! %+ina in pr p rtii egale tin!t(ra $e %enta !( tin!t(ra $e pelin. De ia 1 ling(rita $in a!est a%este! $il(at in apa $e "'# ri pe 3i. C(ra $(rea3a A'1? 3ile8 A. Du!e!i *e #"% 7!efalee8/ %igrena 7%ai ales ins tita $e ) %a8/ at(n!i !an$ s(nt as !iate !( pr +le%e +iliare se ia 1 ling(rita $intr' ! %+inatie $e tin!t(ri $e %enta si ang2inare $e "'# ri pe 3i9 !an$ s(nt as !iate !( + seala sa( ner) 3itate tin!t(ra $e %enta se as !ia3a !( s(nat are sa( talpa gastei/ l(an$('se in a!eeasi $ 3a. <. A(4o"&"2 i(&o/(ie2 (e!$o.it"te 7se ! %+ina tin!t(ra $e %enta si s(nat are in pr p rtii egale. *e ia( 1'2 ling(rite $il(ate intr'(n pa2ar $e apa $e 2 ri pe 3i/ pe st %a!(l g l. D. St"!e *e &o/(ole(t"/ in!apa!itate $e ! n!entrare 7se ! %+ina in pr p rtii egale tin!t(ra $e %enta !( tin!t(ra $e pelin. *e ia 1 ling(rita $in a!est a%este! $il(at in apa $e "'# ri pe 3i8 Alte utili."!i i(te!(e Ti(#tu!" *e Me(t" 0 !a a$4()ant/ alat(ri $e plantele spe!ifi!e afe!ti(nii tratate/ tin!t(ra $e %enta are efe!te f arte +(ne in (r%at arele afe!ti(ni5 $is%en ree 7!i!l( %enstr(al nereg(lat sa( $(rer s8/ ! le!ist patii/ !al!(li +iliari 7litia3a +iliara8/ afe!ti(ni !r ni!e ale pan!reas(l(i/ arit%ie !ar$ia!a/ parali3ie/ re(%atis%/ sin(3ita/ s !/ tre%(rat(ri/ )ier%i intestinali 7as!ari3i/ ,i(ri8 Mo* *e "*/i(i&t!"!e0 intern5 se ia $e reg(la 1 ling(rita $e tin!t(ra $il(ata in 1?? %l 74(%atate $e pa2ar8 $e apa/ $e "'# ri pe 3i. C %+inatiile $e tin!t(ra $e %enta !( alte tin!t(ri se ia( in a!!easi $ 3a si $ease%enea $il(ate in apa ase%enea pre$isp 3itie tre+(ie sa ia inainte $e $r(% si e)ent(al in ti%p(l $r(%(l(i 1 ling(rita $in ! %+inatia $e tin!t(ra

"-

Atentie a!est pr $(s este re! %an$at si pentr( ragaieli si %ir s (rat al g(rii / $ (a $efi!iente $efa) ra+ile in relatiile inter(%ane M C ntrain$i!atii5 n( se !(n s! R"t"(i". E,tra!t (s!at $e Rat2an2iae si!!(%. C ntine #?gB tanin(ri. Tin!t(ra &? g planta se p(ne la 2&? %l al! l ali%entar $e A? gra$e. *e tine pentr( 1& 3ile la te%perat(ra !a%erei agitan$ $e "'# ri. *e stre! ara si se p(ne in re!ipiente $e %i!a !apa!itate la re!e. A#tiu(e te!"%euti#"0 a!ti(ne astringenta/ 2e% stati!a/ anti$iarei!a9 a!ti nea3a as(pra %(! asei *i/i(u"(* &e#!eti". I(*i#"tii5 $iareea !r ni!a si al 2e% r i3i. Mo* *e "*/i(i&t!"!e0 $ 3e $e ?/1?'1g pe 3i a$(lti $e "'# ri pe 3i ! pii ?/1&g pe an $e )arsta. N( se a$%inistrea3a ! piil r s(+ (n an Ti(#tu!" *e $"le!i"(" 'Tin!t(ra ' a!i3i +tin(ta $in ra$a!ina $e $ lean 7)aleriana8 Valeriana ffi!inalis.

'Co/%o.itie #7i/i#" rgani!i5 a!eti!/ +(tiri!/ f r%i!/ %ali!/ i3 fer(li!/ i3 )aleriani!/ )aleriani!/ a!i3i !( str(!t(ra sesK(iterpeni!a/ !afei! si !l r geni! ' +isa+ len/ )alen/ )alen l/ )alerian l/ !et ne sesK(iterpeni!e/ )aleran na/ )aleren na/ a!etat si i3 )alerianat $e %irtin l/ i3 )alerianat $e e(gen l/ i3 e(gen l/ )aleri$e ' )alep triate5 )altrat(%/ al!e)altrat(%/ $i2i$r )altrat(%/ $eri)atii l r. 'A#tiu(e" %!o*u&ului ' in2i+it r al se!retiil r gastri!e ' antispasti! ' antie%eti! ' se$ati) ' in2i+it r ne(r %(s!(lar

"A

' anti 2ipertensi) 'I(*i#"tii0 ' stare $e ) %a ' %igrene/ in spe!ial in !ele $e eti l gie etili!a ' (rti!arie ' %ai ales in f r%ele !( pr(rit intens gre( $e t lerat ' $is%en reea as !iata !( si%pt %e )egetati)e $e tip(l5 ner) 3itate/ palpitatii/ ins %nii/ / !ri3e $e plans ' a$%inistrarea fa!an$('se pe peri a$a %enstrei ' 2ipertir i$ie ' !a trata%ent si%pt %ati! pentr( ! re!tarea t(l+(raril r ne(r )egetati)e ' pat l gia ne)r ti!a/ %ai ales in sin$r a%ele rea!ti)e ' !ar$i patie is!2e%i!a/ e,trasist le/ 2ipertensi(ne arteriala 7%ai ales in ti%p(l p(seel r $e 2ipertensi(ne8 'Mo* *e "*/i(i&t!"!e ' Intern/ pana la $isparitia si%pt %el r '!ate 1? pi!at(ri , "I3i ' in %igrene/ (rti!arie/ 2ipertir i$ie/ !ar$i patie '!ate 1&'2? pi!at(ri , "I3i ' in !a3(l !el rlalte afe!ti(ni 'Co(t!"i(*i#"tii &i i(te!"#tiu(i #u "lte /e*i#"/e(te &"u %!o*u&e '"!/"#euti#e '*e re! %an$a a$%inistrarea !( pr($enta si n(%ai in $ 3a pres!risa $at rita ris!(l(i $e $epresie !ar$i respirat rie/ ne(r %(s!(lara si $e 2iper se$are. 'Este ! ntrain$i!ata la 2ip tensi)i MMM 'Este ! ntrain$i!ata a$%inistrarea si%(ltana !( se$ati)e/ tran!2ili3ante si anti2ipertensi)e $e are!e p tentea3a efe!t(l a!est ra. 'Mo* *e *e%o.it"!e '*e pastrea3a In re!ipiente +ine In!2ise/ $e !(l are in!2isa/ la a$ap st $e l(%ina si !al$(ra. 'Mo* *e %!e.e(t"!e 'Fla! ane $e sti!la $e &? %l

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CAPITOLUL IV
EXTRACTE

4.1.DEFINITIE0 E,tra!tele s(nt preparate far%a!e(ti!e fl(i$e/ % i sa( (s!ate/ +tin(te prin e,tra!tia pr $(sel r )egetale !( $iferiti s l)enti (r%ata $e e)ap rarea partiala sa( t tala a s l)ent(l(i si a$(!erea %asei reFi$(ale sa( a p(l+erii la ! n!entratia sa( ! nsistenta pre)aF(ta 7 EXTRACTA F.R.X.8. 4.2.CLASIFICARE0 Depen$ent $e ! nsistenta p t fi5 ;E,tra!te fl(i$e9 ;E,tra!te % i !are ! ntin !el p(tin 2?B %aterii ) latile9 ;E,tra!te (s!ate !are ! ntin !el p(tin & B %aterii ) latile. E,tra!tele / !a si tin!t(rile/ s(nt t t f r%e far%a!e(ti!e in$(striale.ele a( sta+ilitate %are9se pastrea3a ani. Ca si tin!t(rile/ e,tra!tele )egetalNe n( se (tili3ea3a $e!at prel(!rate intr' sa( e,tern/li!2i$e5 s l(tii/spalat(ri/gargaris%e/se%is li$e5 (ng(ente sa( s li$e f r%a 5 )(le/ far%a!e(ti!a9 ele p t intra in ! %p 3itia (nei f r%(le %agistrale si in$(striale/ pentr( (3 intern s(p 3it are/p(l+eri/ pil(le/ ! %pri%ate. Pentr( prepararea e,tra!tel r se (tili3ea3a pr $(se )egetale (s!ate/a$(se la gra$(l $e %ar(ntire pre)a3(t in % n grafie. Da!a este !a3(l/ pr $(s(l )egetal este s(p(s (nei preala+ile $egresari sa( (%e!tari. Ca s l)enti pentr( e,tra!te se (tili3ea3a5 apa a!i$(lata sa( al!alini3ata/ al! l(l $il(t/ in (nele !a3(ri a!i$(l/ eter(l. F.R. in$i!a pentr( prepararea e,tra!tel r fl(i$e " pr !e$ee pre)a3(te in % n grafia TINCTURAE5 %a!erarea/ %a!erarea repetata si per! lare. * l(tiile e,tra!ti)e +tin(te s(nt s(p(se peratiil r $e ! n!entrare si e)ap rare/ pana la ! n!entratia sa( ! nsistenta in$i!ata. ! n!entratie in prin!ipii a!ti)e %ai %are $e!at s l(tiile e,tra!ti)e ap ase sa( tin!t(rile/ e,a!t $ 3ata si

"D

4.3.PREPARAREA0 Fa3ele pr !es(l(i te2n l gi! $e fa+ri!are a e,tra!tel r fl(i$e/ % i sa( (s!ate s(nt (r%at arele5 ' li)rarea %ateriil r pri%e9 ' !a(tarea9 ' %arantirea pr $(s(li )egetal9 ' (%e!tarea pr $(s(l(i )egetal9 !( ' $i3 l)area e,tra!ti)a9 ' separarea s l(tiei e,tra!ti)e prin filtrare9 ' ! n!entrarea/ e)ap rarea s l(tiei e,tra!ti)e/ (s!area ! n!entrat(l(i9 ' st !area inter%e$iara9 ' ! n$iti narea9 ' %ar!are/ gr(pare/ a%+alare9 ' $ep 3itare/ transp rt9 ' ! ntr l(l in !(rs(l fa+ri!arii. ercolarea D(pO F.R.X./ la prepararea e,tra!tel r fl(i$e prin per! lare se f l ses! 1??g pr $(s )egetal $in !are se +tine separat presi(ne re$(sa/ la pri%a fra!ti(ne $e <?g li!2i$ e,tra!ti). *e ! ntin(a per! lare pana la +tin(te se ! n!entrae3a/ s(+ ep(iFarea ! %pleta a pr $(s(l(i )egetal. Per! latele astfel e)ent(ala $egresare9

te%perat(ra !are sa n( $epaseas!a &?@C/ pana la in$epartarea s l)ent(l(i $e

e,tra!tie. ReFi$((l se $iF l)a in pri%a fra!ti(ne si se ! %pleteaFa !( a!elasi s l)ent 1??g sa( ! n!entratia in prin!ipii a!ti)e pre)a3(ta. E,tra!tele +tin(te se lasa la te%perat(ra &'1?@C/ ti%p $e - 3ile si se filtrea3a/ e)itan$ pier$erile prin e)ap rare. Preparatele e,tra!ti)e % i si (s!ate se efe!t(ea3a s(p(nerea s l(tiil r e,tra!ti)e/ +tin(te prin %a!erare/ %a!erare repetata sa( prin per! lare/ la $iferite trata%ente/ pentr( in$epartarea s(+stantel r +alast si ! n!entrarea prin $istilare/ s(+ presi(ne re$(sa/ la te%perat(ra !are sa n( $epasea!sa &?@C. In !a3(l e,tra!tel r % i/ s l(tiile e,tra!ti)e se ! n!entrea3a pana la +tinere (nei %ase )as! ase/ !are ! ntine !el %(lt 2?B %aterii ) latile. In !a3(l e,tra!tel r (s!ate/ $(pa in$epartarea s l)ent(l(i $e e,tra!tie prin $istilare/ re3i$((l se (s(!a in )i$/lGa te%perat(ra !are sa n( $epaseas!a &?@C/ pana la +tinerea e,tra!t(l(i (s!at !are ! ntine !el %(lt &B%aterii ) latile. #?

E,tra!tele % i si (s!ate !are ! ntin prin!ipii f arte a!ti)e/ se $ 3ea3a si se a$(! prin $il(are !( p(l+eri inerte/s l(+ile si ne2igr s! pi!e/ la ! n!entratia in prin!ipii a!ti)e pre)a3(ta. Descriere E,tra!tele fl(i$e s(nt li!2i$e li%pe3i/ ! l rate/ !( %ir s(l si g(st(l !ara!teristi!e ! %p nentel r pr $(s(l(i )egetal $in !are s'a( preparat. *(nt %is!i+ile !( s l)ent(l f l sit la preparare/ se t(l+(ra prin $il(are !( apa. E,tra!tele % i s(nt preparatele )as! ase/ se%is l(+ile/ ! l rate/ !( aspe!t (nif r%. E,tra!tele (s!ate se pre3inta s(+ f r%a $e p(l+eri !( aspe!t (nif r%/ s(+ f r%a $e la%ele sa( $e %asa sp ngi asa !are se p(l)eri3ea3a (s r. *(nt 2igr s! pi!e. E,tra!tele % i sa( (s!ate s(nt apr ape ! %plet s l(+ile in s l)ent(l f l sit la preparare. 3onditionare *e (tili3ea3a fla! ane $e sti!la $e !(l are +r(na/ $e !apa!itate %i!a/ pentr( e,tra!tele fl(i$e/ pana la 1???g. E,tra!tele % i si s li$e se ! n$iti nea3a in + r!ane $e sti!la/ $e !(l are +r(na sa( $e p rtelan/ +ine in!2ise/ !( $ p(ri parafinate. *e re! %an$a (tili3area s(+stantel r $is2i$ratate/ !a sili!agel(l an2i$r(. Unele re!ipiente a( f r%a aplati3ata. Marcare, grupare, ambalare E,tra!tele fl(i$e/% i sa( (s!ate se a%+alea3a in % $ ase%anat r !( tin!t(rile. Eti!2eta pre)e$e %ar!a fa+ri!ii/ $en(%irea e,tra!t(l(i/ ! n!entratia/ % $(l $e pastrare7*eparan$a sa( Venena8. E,tra!tele fl(i$e/ % i sa( (s!ate se pastre3a in re!ipiente $e !apa!itate %i!a/ +ine in!2ise la te%perat(ra $e <'1&@C/ ferite $e l(%ina. E,tra!tele 2igr s! pi!e se pastrea3a in )ase %i!i/ !( $ p(ri parafinate si la l ! (s!at. 4.4.STA+ILITATE SI CONSERVARE E,tra!te )egetale pre3inta sta+ilitate $e !are $epin$e in pri%(l ran$ $e s l)ent(l (tili3at in %et $a $e e,tra!tie/ $e nat(ra pr $(s(l(i )egetal/ !at si $e ! nsistenta. E,tra!tele fl(i$e pastrate in ! n$itii ne! resp(n3at are p t saLsi piar$a ! n!entratia prin e)ap rarea s l)ent(l(i9 $e ase%ene p t s(feri pr !ese $e $es! %p(nere5 rea!tii $e 2i$r li3a/ ,i$are 7al!al i3ii/ gli! 3i$ele8/ !( aparitia $e se$i%ente. F.R.X. pre)e$e (n ter%en $e )ala+ilitate $e 2 ani si ! ntr larea ! ntin(t(l(i9 $a!a e,tra!tele fl(i$e s(nt ! resp(n3at are/ ele se %ai p t f l si in!a (n an.

#1

In !a3(l f r%arii $e se$i%ente in e,tra!tele fl(i$e/ se a$%ite !a si la tin!t(ri (tili3area li!2i$(l(i $e!antat. E,tra!tele % i se alterea3a %ai (s r $e!at e,tra!tele (s!ate sa( fl(i$e9 ele se p t fi,a sa( pier$e apa9 s(nt in)a$ate $e %i!r rganis%e si f(ngi. P t fi s(p(se (n r $es! %p(neri/ prin pr !e$ee en3i%ati!e9 $e ase%enea/ la l(%ina si !al$(ra se alterea3a rapi$. E,tra!tele (s!ate a( sta+ilitate %ai +(na $e!at e,tra!tele fl(i$e si % i/ $a!a s(nt pastrate in ! n$itii ferite $e (%i$itate/ (nel e,tra!te fiin$ 2igr s! pi!e. E,!eptie fa!e e,tra!t(l $e pi(/ !are in aer pier$e (%i$itatea si se ! n!entrea3a. 4.5. EXTRACTUM +ELLEDONNAE SICCUM E t!"#t u&#"t *e /"t!"4u(" *in ni%5 E,tra!t( (s!at $e +ela$ na Preparare 1ela$ nnae f li(% 7V8 Al! 2 l(% $il(t(% AK(a $istilata *a!!2ar(% la!tis 1??g K.s. K.s. K.s.

Fr(n3ele $e %atrag(na se e,trag prin per! lare/ ! %f r% pre)e$eril r $e la EXTRACTA. Des!riere5 P(l+ere gal+en'+r(na/ ne2igr s! pi!a/ !( %ir s !ara!teristi! si g(s a%ar 7t ,i!8. Intre+(intari5 renale sa( +iliare. D 3ele terape(ti!e %a,i%e s(n $e ?/A&g pentr( C nser)are5 *eparan$a. EXTRACTUM FRAN)ULAE FLUIDUM E t!"#t 'lui* *e #!u&i( reparare: Frang(lae ! rte, 7III8 Al! 2 l(% <?@ 1??g K.s. $ate9?/2??g pentr( 2# re. Dat rita a!ti(nii parasi%pat liti!e a atr pinei se a$%inistrea3a !a (ng(ente/s(p 3it are/ p(l+eri ! %p(se sa( ! %pri%ate/ in gastrite/ (l!er/ ! li!i a+$ %inale/

*e prepara prin per! lare/ ! %f r pre)e$eril r $e la EXTRACTA. Des!riere5 li!2i$ li%pe$e/ +r(n'in!2is/ !( %ir s !ara!teristi!/ !( g(st a%ar si astringent. #2

!ntrebuintari: Preparatele $e frang(la a( pr prietati p(rgati)e sa( la,ati)e/in f(n!tie $e $ 3a. A!ti(nea la,ati)a se %anifesta la !ir!a 1? re $e la a$%inistrare. *e re! %an$a pre!a(tie in !a3(l a$%inistrarii la + lna)i/ +atrani/ ! pii/ fe%ei gra)i$e sa( !are alaptea3a. Intra in ! %p 3itia tin!t(rii anti! lerina. Doze: *ea$%inistrea3a !a atare5 1'2g in 2# $e re.

EXTRACTUM RATAN,IAE SICCUM E t!"#t u&#"t *e !"t"(ie reparare Ratan2iae ra$i, 7IV8 C2l r f r%i(% Descriere P(l+ere gran(l asa (nif r%a sa( la%ele !are se p(l)eri3ea3a (s r/ $e !(l are +r(n'r siati!a si !( g(st astringent/ sla+ 2igr s! pi!. A!ti(ne far%a! l gi!a si intre+(intari Are a!ti(ne astringenta/ 2e% stati!a/ anti$iarei!a9 a!ti nea3a as(pra %(! asei/ $i%in(an se!retia. !ndicatii Trata%ent(l $iareil r !r ni!e si al 2e% r i3il r. M $ $e a$%inistrare5 ?/1?gI3i9 la ! pii ?/1&gIan $e )arsta peste (n an. EXTRACTUM VALERIANAE SPISSUM E t!"#t /o"le *e o*ole"( *in ni%e5 E,tra!t % ale $e )aleriana reparare Valerianae r2i3 %a !(% ra+i!i+(s 7IV8 Al! 2 l(% $il(t(% Descriere #" 1??g K.s. 1??g &gI1K.s.

*e prepara prin per! lare/ ! %f r% pre)e$eril r $e la EXTRACTA.

*e prepara prin per! lare ! %f r% pre)e$eril r $e la EXTRACTA

E,tra!t % ale / +r(n'in!2is !( %ir s !ara!teristi! si g(st a%ar(i. Prin a%este!are !( apa in pr p rtie $e 151? se +tine s l(tie t(l+(re/ !( rea!tie a!i$a la 2artia $e t(rnes l al+astra7I8. A!ti(ne far%a! l gi!a si intre+(intari E,tra!t(l % ale $e )aleriana are a!ti(ne se$ati)a as(pra siste%(l(i ner) s. !ndicatii *e re! %an$a !a se$ati) in 2ipere,!ita+ilitate ner) asa la fe%ei si ! pii/ in ne)ra 3e !ar$ia!e sa( $igesti)e. A$4()ant al trata%ent(l(i !( +r %(ri. M $ $e a$%inistrare5 ?/&g la a$(lti9?/1?gIan )arsta la ! pii

FORME FARMACEUTICE CARE CONTIN EXTRACTE

EUROVITA ANTI*TRE*

I(*i#"tii0 C %+area efe!tel r stres(l(i 7an,ietate/ ins %nie8. Cipere,!ita+ilitate ner) asa. Este (n ! %ple, $e )ita%ine/ %inerale si e,tra!t $e Valeriana ffi!inalis/ ! %p nente !e a( a!ti(ne sinergi!a in ! %+aterea efe!tel r stres(l(i. 1enefi!i(l terape(ti! apare prin !(%(larea a $ (a $ire!tii $e a!ti(ne5 !resterea tr fi!itatii siste%(l(i ner) s !entral 7*NC8 $at rita )ita%inel r si +i ele%entel r9 re$(!erea e,!ita+ilitatii *NC fata $e fa!t r(l stres $at rita e,tra!t(l(i $e Valeriana ffi!inalis. Vita%inele gr(p(l(i 1 711/ 12/ 1"/ 1&/ 1-/ 112/ a!i$ f li!/ +i tina8 s(nt in$ispensa+ile pentr( a!ti)itatea *NC5 parti!ipa la sinte3a a!etil! linei si la trans%iterea infl(,(l(i ner) s 711 si 128/ s(nt tr fi!e ale *NC 71128/ a( efe!t se$ati) sla+ as(pra *NC 71-8. Cal!i(l inter)ine in trans%iterea infl(,(l(i ner) s si alat(ri $e )it. 11 inter)ine in reglarea a!ti)itatii siste%(l(i !ar$i )as!(lar/ pri%(l siste% $in rganis%/ $(pa siste%(l ner) s/ !are resi%te stres(l.

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Ca/ Mg/ 0n/ C( inter)in in n(%er ase pr !ese en3i%ati!e/ iar e,tra!t(l $e Valeriana are efe!te se$ati)e %ini%e. Co/%o.itie0 Vita%ina C -? %g/ )ita%ina E 1& U.I./ a!i$ f li! #?? g/ )ita%ina 11 " %g/ )ita%ina 12 "/# %g/ )ita%ina 1" #? %g/ )ita%ina 1- " %g/ )ita%ina 112 1? g/ +i tina 7)it.C8 1? g/ a!i$ pant teni!71&8 & %g/ !(pr( 2 %g/ 3in! 1? %g/ !al!i( 1?? %g/ %agne3i( 2& %g/ e,tra!t $e Valeriana ff. A& %g. Mo* *e "*/i(i&t!"!e0 La a$(lti ' ral 1 ! %pri%atI3i sa( la re! %an$area %e$i!(l(i. *e pastrea3a ferit $e !al$(ra/ l(%ina si (%i$itate. EXTRAVERAL Co/%o.tie e t!"$e!"l

Un ! %pri%at ! ntine e,tra!t (s!at $e )aleriana 7%ini% ?/#2B a!i3i sesK(iterpeni!i e,pri%ati in a!i$ )alereni!8 <? %g/ fen +ar+ital 2? %g si e,!ipienti5 !el(l 3a %i!r !ristalina tip 1?2/ *tarla!P/ a%i$ n $e p r(%+/ !r s!ar%el 3a s $i!a/ $i ,i$ $e sili!i( ! l i$al an2i$r(/ stearat $e %agne3i(/ <&B a'la!t 3a/ 1&B a%i$ n $e p r(%+. I(*i#"tii e t!"$e!"l Trata%ent $e s!(rta $(rata in5

t(l+(rari (s are $e s %n t(l+(rari %in re $e an,ietate 2ipere,!ita+ilrtate ner) asa

Co(t!"i(*i#"tii e t!"$e!"l

2ipersensi+ilitate la +ar+it(ri!e sa( la ri!are $intre ! %p nentele %e$i!a%ent(l(i p rfirie #&

ins(fi!ienta respirat rie se)era ! pii ins(fi!ienta 2epati!a gra)a ins(fi!ienta renala gra)a ) ri! na3 l/ saK(ina)ir/ if sfa%i$a/ s(nat are sar!ina si alaptare

Re"#tii "*$e!&e e t!"$e!"l

rea!tii !(tanate5 er(ptii %a!(l pap(l ase % r+ilif r%e sa( s!arlatinif r%e t(l+(rari psi2i!e5 intatie/ e,!itatie la ! pii/ stari ! nf(3i nale la )arstni!i s %n lenta rea!tii $e 2ipersensi+ilitate artralgii t(l+(rari $e ! r$ nare si $e e!2ili+r( rare ri/ )erti4 !( !efalee ane%ie %egal +lasti!a prin $efi!it $e a!i$ f li! !resterea i3 lata a ga%agl(ta%iltranspepti$a3ei a( f st rap rtate !a3(ri $e retra!tie a ap ne)r 3ei pal%are 7+ ala D(p(Ftren8/ plantare 7+ ala Le$$er2 se8/ $e in$(rare a ! rpil r !a)en si 7+ ala PeFr nie8.

Aparitia rea!tiil r a$)erse gra)e i%p(ne prirea trata%ent(l(i

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PROSPAN %i#"tu!i

Co/%o.i8ie Un %l pi!Ot(ri rale s l(Qie ! nQine e,tra!t (s!at $in Ce$erae f li(% 7fr(n3O $e ie$erO8 Rn etan l "?B 7SIS8 &'A/&51 2? %g Ni e,!ipienQi5 apO p(rifi!atO/ 3a2arinO s $i!O/ etan l D-B/ (lei ) latil $e !2i%en/ (lei ) latil $e feni!(l/ (lei ) latil $e %entO. )!u%9 '"!/"#ote!"%euti#90 alte antit(si)e Ni e,pe!t rante I(*i#"8ii te!"%euti#e Trata%ent si%pt %ati! al afe!Qi(nil r infla%at rii +r nNi!e !r ni!e9 infla%aQii a!(te ale tra!t(l(i respirat r Rns Qite $e t(se. Co(t!"i(*i#"8ii Cipersensi+ilitate la s(+stanQa a!ti)O/ la Ce$era Celi, sa( la %e$i!a%ent(l(i. La pa!ienQii la !are este stri!t inter3isO a$%inistrarea !2iar Ni a (n r !antitOQi %ini%e $e etan l 7$e e,e%pl( $(pO (n trata%ent $e $e3int ,i!are8/ este ! ntrain$i!atO a$%inistrarea $e Pr span pi!Ot(ri rale s l(Qie. La ! pii !( )Trsta s(+ 1 an n( se a$%inistrea3O Pr span pi!Ot(ri rale s l(Qie. La ! pii !( )Trsta s(+ " ani n( se a$%inistrea3O Pr span pi!Ot(ri rale s l(Qie s(+ f r%O $e aer s li. ri!are $intre e,!ipienQii

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P!e#"u8ii Pr span pi!Ot(ri rale s l(Qie ! nQine etan l/ #AB )I). Un !a3(l persistenQei si%pt %el r sa( apariQiei respiraQiil r s!(rte/ a fe+rei sa( a e,pe!t raQiei p(r(lente sa( sang)in lente/ pa!ient(l tre+(ie sO se a$rese3e $e (rgenQO %e$i!(l(i. I(te!"#8iu(i N( s(nt !(n s!(te. Ate(8io(9!i &%e#i"le 'arcina 4i al5ptarea: De are!e n( s(nt $isp ni+ile inf r%aQii $espre sig(ranQa a$%inistrOrii Rn ti%p(l sar!inii Ni alOptOrii/ %e$i!a%ent(l se )a a$%inistra n(%ai $(pO e)al(area rap rt(l(i +enefi!i( %aternIris! p tenQial fetal/ la re! %an$area %e$i!(l(i. 3apacitatea de a conduce vehicule sau de a folosi utilaje Me$i!a%ent(l n( infl(enQea3O !apa!itatea $e a ! n$(!e )e2i!(le sa( $e a f l si (tila4e Do.e :i /o* *e "*/i(i&t!"!e Administrare oral5 A$(lQi Ni ! pii peste 1? ani5 $ 3a re! %an$atO este $e 2# pi!Ot(ri rale s l(Qie $e " ri pe 3i 7! resp(n3Tn$ la &?/# %g $e e,tra!t (s!at $in Ce$erae f li(% 7fr(n3O $e ie$erO88. C pii Rntre # Ni 1? ani5 $ 3a re! %an$atO este $e 1- pi!Ot(ri rale s l(Qie $e " ri pe 3i 7! resp(n3Tn$ la ""/- %g $e e,tra!t (s!at $in Ce$erae f li(% 7fr(n3O $e ie$erO88 C pii Rntre 1 Ni # ani5 $ 3a re! %an$atO este $e 12 pi!Ot(ri rale s l(Qie $e " ri pe 3i

7! resp(n3Tn$ la 2&/2 %g $e e,tra!t (s!at $in Ce$erae f li(% 7fr(n3O $e ie$erO88 Pi!Ot(rile se a$%inistrea3O Rnainte $e %ese. La ! pii se re! %an$O a$%inistrarea pi!Ot(ril r !( s(!(ri $e fr(!te.

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1ratament inhalator Un efe!t terape(ti! +enefi! p ate fi +Qin(t prin in2alarea pi!Ot(ril r s(+ f r%O $e aer s li/ (tili3Tn$('se ri!e aparat ne+(li3at r. Pentr( a e)ita e)ent(alele iritaQii $at ritO ! nQin(t(l(i $e etan l/ s l(Qia p ate fi $il(atO !( apO Rn pr p rQie $e 152 !Tn$ se f l seNte s(+ f r%O in2alat rie. Da!O n( e,istO alte re! %an$Ori/ $ 3a re! %an$atO este $e 2? : 2& pi!Ot(ri $e !Tte)a ri pe 3i. Dat ritO pre3enQei (lei(l(i ) latil $e %entO !a e,!ipient/ trata%ent(l s(+ f r%O $e aer s li este ! ntrain$i!at la ! pii s(+ " ani sa( la ! pii !( ante!e$ente $e ! n)(lsii 7fe+rile sa( n nfe+rile8. D(rata trata%ent(l(i este f(n!Qie $e nat(ra Ni gra)itatea afe!Qi(nii !lini!e9 trata%ent(l tre+(ie efe!t(at !el p(Qin sOptO%TnO/ !2iar Ni Rn !a3(l infla%aQiil r %in re ale tra!t(l(i respirat r.

*e re! %an$O !a trata%ent(l sa fie ! ntin(at 2'" 3ile $(pO $ispariQia si%pt %el r. *e re! %an$O a n( se $epONi $ 3a 3ilni!O re! %an$atO. Re"#8ii "*$e!&e La pers ane 2ipersensi+ile/ p t apare f arte rar t(l+(rOri gastr intestinale. F arte rar p t apare rea!Qii alergi!e !(tanate. VO r(gO% sO inf r%aQi %e$i!(l sa( far%a!ist(l $a!O apar rea!Qii a$)erse ne%enQi nate Rn a!est pr spe!t. Su%!"*o."; Ingestia (n r !antitOQi se%nifi!ati) %ai %ari 7%ai %(lt $e " ri $ 3a 3ilni!O re! %an$atO8 p t pr $(!e stOri $e greaQO/ ) %O Ni $iaree. Un a!est !a3 tre+(ie !a pa!ient(l sa se a$rese3e %e$i!(l(i. *e re! %an$a trata%ent si%pt %ati!. P9&t!"!e A n( se (tili3a $(pO $ata $e e,pirare Rns!risO pe a%+ala4. N( s(nt ne!esare ! n$iQii spe!iale $e pOstrare. A n( se lOsa la Rn$e%Tna si )e$erea ! piil r.

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STIMUVEN )EL Sti/u$e( 4el

Pr $(!at r5E,2eli s Pre3entare5#? gra%e Co/%o.itie0 E,tra!t fl(i$ $e !astan/ e,tra!t sele!ti) $e Celle+ r(s.

I(*i#"tii0 ' afe!ti(ni ale siste%(l(i !ir!(lat r )en s5 )ari!e/ tr %+ 3e/ tr %+ fle+ite/ ins(fi!ienta )en li%fati!a !r ni!a/ (l!er $e ga%+a/ sen3atia $e pi!i are grele9 ' infla%atii si t(%efieri $(rer ase $e nat(ra tra(%ati!a5 l(,atii/ ent rse/ ! nt(3ii/ +(rsite/ ten$inite9 ' $(reri si infla%atii $e nat(ra re(%ati!a. %ai p(tin

A*/i(i&t!"!e0 Apli!atii l !ale in strat s(+tire pe 3 na afe!tata/ prin %asa4 (s r $e 4 s in s(s/ $e 2'" ri pe 3i9 in tr %+ 3e si tr %+ fle+ite n( se fa!e %asa4.

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CUTADEN UN)UENT

Ung(ent(l ! ntine i2ti l 1/& g ,i$ $e 3in! 1& g/ ,i$ $e titan - g/ e,tra!t Ca%a%elis fl(i$ e,pri%at in s(+stanta (s!ata ?/1" g/ tetra+ rat $e s $i( ?/1? g / e,!ipienti pana la 1?? g. A#tiu(e te!"%euti#" #ut"*e( In2i+it r al pr liferarii epi$er%(l(i/ astringent/ e% lient si pr te!t r. I(*i#"tii #ut"*e( E!3e%e (s!ate/ $er%atite iritati)e 7erite%e fesiere/ fis(ri ale pielii/ $egerat(ri/ ars(ri s(perfi!iale li%itate8. Mo* *e "*/i(i&t!"!e #ut"*e( Apli!atii l !ale pe piele/ $e 2'" riI3i 7in ! n$itiile $e asepsie a le3i(nii8. Co(t!"i(*i#"tii #ut"*e( Der%at 3e 3e%(in$e/ le3i(ni s(prainfe!tate/ alergie la i2ti l. Re"#tii "*$e!&e #ut"*e( Rare ri er(ptii !(tanate alergi!e/ e!3e%a $e ! nta!t.

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CAPITOLUL VII
CONCLU<II

Me$i!a%ent(l fit terapiei se! l(l(i XXI n('l %ai repre3inta inf(3ia si $e! !t(l/ !i %ai %(lt tin!t(ra . A!easta repre3inta a$e)arata %aterie pri%a pe !are in$(stria far%a!e(ti!a prel(!rea3a in s! p(l +tinerii (n r %e$i!a%ente efi!iente si !are pentr( a ! resp(n$e !erintel r %e$i!inii a!t(ale tre+(ie sa (r%e3e a!eleasi trasee rig(r ase $e prel(!rare/ ! n$iti nare/ anali3a si ! ntr l !are se i%p(n %e$i!a%entel r $e sinte3a. N(%ai fit terapie % $erna p ate a)ea pretentia sa'si re!(!ereas!a i%p rtanta si l !(l in arsenal(l terape(ti! pe !are la pier$(t in (lti%(l se! l in ! %petitie !( !2i%i terapia/ re)enin$ parte ! %p nenta si n( alternati)a sa( ! %ple%entara a %e$i!inii a!t(ale. In l(!rarea $e fata a% a!!ent(at r l(l tin!t(ril r in fit terapie. Pri%a parte a l(!rarii/ !(prin3an$ !apit lele I si II/ pre3inta n ti(n ile generale $espre preparatele e,trase $in plante/ (n ist ri! al a!est r preparate/ !lasifi!area/ !aile +isn(ite $e a$%inistrare. T t in parte intr $(!ti)a a l(!rarii s(n $e3+at(te !ara!teristi!ele %ateriil r pri%e f l ssite pentr( +tinerea (n r astfel $e preparate. N(!le(l l(!rarii il ! nstit(e !apit lele III/ IV si V !are trateea3a preparat(l % $ern al fit terapiei : Tin!t(ra. *(nt pre3entate $efinitiile/ n ti(nile generale/ !lasifi!arile/ %et $ele $e preparare/ n r%ele $e ! nser)are si ! n$iti nare/ intre+(intarile a!est ra. Capit l(l !are pre3inta f r%ele far%a!e(ti!e +tin(te !( a4(t r(l tin!t(ril r arata a)anta4ele (n r astfel $e %e$i!a%ente fata $e !ele preparate prin sinte3a sa( se%isinte3a COMUNICAREA CU PACUENTUL F r%ele far%a!e(ti!e +Qin(te prin e,tra!Qie s(nt %e$i!a%ente preparate $in plante sa( Qes(t(ri ani%ale !( a4(t r(l s l)enQil r si a (n r pr !e$ee $e e,tra!Qie stan$ar$i3ate. Prin e,tra!Qie se RnQelege peraQia $e a s! ate an(%ite ! %p nente $intr'(n %aterial !( a4(t r(l (n(i s l)ent. Un far%a!ie/ ter%en(l este (tili3at apr ape e,!l(si) pentr( a $ese%na pr !esele si

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peraQiile i%pli!ate Rn ela+ rarea ! nstit(enQil r s l(+ili $in pr $(se )egetale +r(te sa( prel(!rate parQial/ f l sin$ s l)enQi p tri)iQi. Un!O $in se! l(l al II'lea/ .alen(s %enQi nea3O astfel $e preparate !are ! nQin prin!ipii a!ti)e $in pr $(se nat(rale/ separate pe !Tt p si+il prin e,tra!Qie/ $e ! %p nentele inerte. M(lte se! le a( f st f l site pe s!ara larga Rn %e$i!ina aNa n(%itele e,tra!te galeni!e5 inf(3ii/ $e! !t(ri/ tin!t(ri si e,tra!te fl(i$e/ % i sa( (s!ate +Qin(te $in plante/ preparate !lasi!e !are a( !(n s!(t p p(laritate. Dat rita $ifi!(ltOQil r legate $e pr !(rarea (n r pr $(se )egetale !( ! %p 3iQie ! nstanta si (N r $e ! nser)at/ $e stan$ar$i3area pr $(sel r finite si $e f l sirea (n r %et $e $e ! ntr l repr $(!ti+il si (N r $e apli!at/ interes(l fata $e astfel $e pr $(se a s!O3(t. C( t ate a!estea s'a tre!(t la re)al rifi!area far%a!e(ti!a si terape(ti!a a preparatel r $e rigine )egetala prin %ai +(na !(n aNtere a pr prietaril r fi3i! '!2i%i!e si terape(ti!e a prin!ipiil r a!ti)e $in $r g(ri )egetale si prin $e3) ltarea %i4l a!el r $e ! ntr l $e !alitate. Un (lti%ele $e!enii s'a a4(ns la perfe!Qi narea %et $el r $e l(!r( si stan$ar$i3area pr $(sel r +Qin(te prin e,tra!Qie $in Qes(t(ri )egetale sa( ani%ale. *t($ierea e,peri%entala a e,tra!tel r $in plante si ani%ale a per%is i3 larea a n(%er Ni ! nstit(enQi p(ri Rn!epTn$ !( % rfina Rn se! l(l tre!(t/ !are a $es!2is !alea $es! peririi a n(%er ase prin!ipii a!ti)e. Etapa (r%Ot are a ! nstit(it' repr $(!erea a!est r ! nstit(enQi a!ti)i prin sinte3a si +tinerea (n r $eri)aQi !( efe!te s(peri are. Utili3area (n r s(+stanQe p(re re3(ltate fie prin e,tra!Qie fie prin sinte3a/ a $e)enit a)anta4 asa $e are!e a!Qi(nea terape(ti!a p ate fi $eter%inata !( e,a!titate iar sta+ili3area preparatel r far%a!e(ti!e este %ai (N r $e reali3at. Un a!elaNi ti%p Rnsa )al area preparatel r +Qin(te prin e,tra!Qie n( p ate fi negata/ Rn fa) area (tili3Orii l r fiin$ a!re$itata i$eea !a/ prin e,tra!Qie se p ate +Qine (n t tal $e prin!ipii a!ti)e !are este $ese ri preferat s(+stanQel r i3 late sa( sinteti3ate $e are!e a( De e,e%pl(/ inf(3ie $in f i $e $igitala are a!Qi(ne terape(ti!a %ai ! %pleta. a!Qi(ne %ai a%pla $e!Tt gli! 3i$ele i3 late sa( %are

sinteti3ate. Un a)anta4 Rnse%nat este si fapt(l !a astfel $e preparate p t fi reali3ate !( %are (N(rinQa Rn far%a!ie sa( !2iar $e !Otre + lna)i. Tin!t(ra $e pi( este (n li!2i$ li%pe$e/ +r(n : in!2is/ !( %ir s !ara!teristi! si g(st a%ar/ se a%ste!a !( apa/ f r%an$ s l(tii pales!ente. A!ti(nea far%a! l gi!a si intre+(intari A!ti(nea ! nstipanta/ antispasti!a/ analge3i!a. In$i!atii 5 .astr enterite a!(te/ ! li!i 2epati!e/ nefreti!e/ intestinale. D 3a %a,i%a pentr( $ata este 1/&g 9 &g pentr( 2# re. Co(&e!$"!e VENENA &"

Tin!t(ra $e +ela$ na are a!ti(ne se$ati)a si antispasti!a/ $i%in(an$ se!retiile si peristaltis%(l intestinal/ $e ase%enea/ $i%in(ea3a spas%ele %(s!(lat(rii +r nsi!e. In$i!atii 5 *pas%e ale %(s!(lat(rii nete$e intestinale/ $isGine3ii +iliare/ ! lite si %ai rar/ t(l+(rari $ispepti!e. M $ $e a$%inistrare 5 a$(lt : 1 %l C nser)are 5*EPARANDA. Tin!t(rile preparate !( al! l %ai $il(at se ! l rea3a %ai intens. A!ti(nea far%a! l gi!a si intre+(intari Us r se$ati) al siste%(l(i ner) s !entral/ antispasti!. In$i!atii 5 Ne)r 3e si ins %nii/ stari spasti!e. D 3e 1&'2? pi!at(ri $e 2'# riI3i. Tin!t(rile preparate !( al! l %ai $il(at se ! l rea3a %ai intens. A!ti(nea far%a! l gi!a si intre+(intari Us r se$ati) al siste%(l(i ner) s !entral/ antispasti!. In$i!atii 5 Ne)r 3e si ins %nii/ stari spasti!e. D 3e 1&'2? pi!at(ri $e 2'# riI3i. E t!"#t u&#"t *e /"t!"4u(" Intre+(intari5 renale sa( +iliare. D 3ele terape(ti!e %a,i%e s(n $e ?/A&g pentr( C nser)are5 *eparan$a $ate9?/2??g pentr( 2# re. Dat rita a!ti(nii parasi%pat liti!e a atr pinei se a$%inistrea3a !a $ata 9 pentr( 2# $e re " %l.

(ng(ente/s(p 3it are/ p(l+eri ! %p(se sa( ! %pri%ate/ in gastrite/ (l!er/ ! li!i a+$ %inale/

E t!"#t 'lui* *e #!u&i( !ntrebuintari: Preparatele $e frang(la a( pr prietati p(rgati)e sa( la,ati)e/in f(n!tie $e $ 3a. A!ti(nea la,ati)a se %anifesta la !ir!a 1? re $e la a$%inistrare. *e re! %an$a pre!a(tie in !a3(l a$%inistrarii la + lna)i/ +atrani/ ! pii/ fe%ei gra)i$e sa( !are alaptea3a. &#

Intra in ! %p 3itia tin!t(rii anti! lerina. Doze: *ea$%inistrea3a !a atare5 1'2g in 2# $e re. E t!"#t u&#"t *e !"t"(ie A!ti(ne far%a! l gi!a si intre+(intari Are a!ti(ne astringenta/ 2e% stati!a/ anti$iarei!a9 a!ti nea3a as(pra %(! asei/ $i%in(an se!retia. !ndicatii Trata%ent(l $iareil r !r ni!e si al 2e% r i3il r. M $ $e a$%inistrare5 ?/1?gI3i9 la ! pii ?/1&gIan $e )arsta peste (n an. E t!"#t /o"le *e o*ole"( A!ti(ne far%a! l gi!a si intre+(intari E,tra!t(l % ale $e )aleriana are a!ti(ne se$ati)a as(pra siste%(l(i ner) s. !ndicatii *e re! %an$a !a se$ati) in 2ipere,!ita+ilitate ner) asa la fe%ei si ! pii/ in ne)ra 3e !ar$ia!e sa( $igesti)e. A$4()ant al trata%ent(l(i !( +r %(ri. M $ $e a$%inistrare5 ?/&g la a$(lti9?/1?gIan )arsta la ! pii

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CAPITOLUL VII
+I+LIO)RAFIE

1. ,itoterapie traditionala si moderna - OVIDIU 1OVOR/ OCTAVIAN POPE*CU/ E$it(ra Fiat L(, 2??1. 2. 1ehnologie farmaceutica 6 POPOVICI IULIANA/ LUPULEA*A DUMITRU/) l. I/ E$it(ra P lir %. ". ,armacoterapie 6 DUMITRU DO1RE*CU/ E$it(ra Me$i!ala 1(!(resti/1D<D/ ) l. I/ II. #. 0-tracte farmaceutice vegetale : *T.IONE*CU *TOIAN/ Me$i!ala 1(!(resti/ 1DAA. &. 1ehnica farmaceutica 6 CORNELIA FICA/ E$it(ra Me$i!ala 1(!(resti/ 1DAA. -. Agenda Medicala, E$it(ra Me$i!ala 1(!(resti/ 1DD<. A. 1ehnologie farmaceutica, Iasi/ 1DD"/ ) l. II. Uni)ersitatea $e Me$i!ina si Far%a!ie Iasi PROF.DR. ELI0A .AFITIANU CONF.DR. IULIANA POPOVICI *EF LUCR. DR. *TERIANA 1RACA *EF LUCR. DR. IOANA MATEI A*I*T. DRD. ILEANA COVOCARU PREP. ELENA DRA.ANOIU <. ,armacopeea 7omana, E$itia a X :a/E$it(ra Me$i!ala 1(!(resti/ 1DD" EMIL *AVAPOL/ E$it(ra

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D.8azele farmaceutice,farmacologice si clinice ale fitoterapiei, E$it(ra .r. T. P pa : UMF Iasi 2??2 ) l. I/ II ' U. *TANE*CU/ A. MIRON/ CANCIANU. 1?. lante medicinale si aromatice de la A la 9 ,0ditura 8ucuresti "#%:.

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