PROJECT REPORT
ON
FOR
SUBMITTED BY
AJINKYA P BHARASWADKAR
SUBMITTED TO
“UNIVERSITY OF PUNE”
THROUGH
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
I express great pleasure in introducing my project report titled Exploring Market Potential of
Ammonia Absorption Refrigeration Plant in Dairy, Cold Storages, & Fish Processing industry.
I take this opportunity to express my most sincere and heartfelt gratitude to Mr. B.G
Kulkarni (Director-Mktg. & Sales), Mr. S.B. Bhagwat (Vice President-HR) and Mr. Pankaj
Bhangale(Manager-Mktg.), Transparent Energy Systems Pvt. Ltd., Pune, for providing me with a
wonderful opportunity to execute this project in their esteemed organization and for patiently
This project would not have been successful without the precious guidance of our director Dr. Sharad
Joshi & my project guide Dr. Vandana H. Gote, to whom I express my sincere gratitude and all those
Moreover, I would also like to thank all the employees of Transparent Energy Systems Pvt.
Ajinkya P Bharaswadkar.
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CONTENTS
1. Executive Summary 1
2. Company Profile 4
4. Product Profile 15
5. Research Methodology 33
7. Limitations 43
8. Conclusion 44
9 Recommendations 45
Annexure I
Bibliography
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1. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
The objective of the project is to determine the market potential and enquiry
(AARP) in Dairy, Cold Storages, & Fish processing industry. The project was carried
out for TRANSPARENT ENERGY SYSTEMS PVT. LTD., Pune. Transparent Energy
Systems Pvt. Ltd. is one of the umbrella divisions of Transparent Group Of Companies.
Transparent Energy Systems Pvt. Ltd. has developed a novel Refrigeration System using
The company has been thinking of providing Ammonia Absorption Refrigeration System
in Dairy, Cold Storages, & Fish Processing industry. Hence the project was carried
out to determine the market potential for Ammonia Absorption Refrigeration Plant.
The field selected for the survey was the state of Gujarat as there is high intensity of the
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Transparent Energy Systems Pvt. Ltd. has a turnover of 75 crores as per the
last financial year. The industries selected for sample size were segmented according to
size of the plant, quantity of products being manufactured daily/yearly, market share,
The data collected during the project was secondary as well as primary data. The
secondary data was collected to create the database of the survey. The sources
used for secondary data are various magazines, governmental & non-governmental
Primary data was collected through the questionnaire filled by industry visited. The
analysis was carried out on the basis of the information obtained from questionnaire. The
market potential was estimated by some assumptions for the Ammonia Absorption
Refrigeration Plant.
From the analysis it is concluded that the Ammonia Absorption Refrigeration Plant has a
very good potential Dairy and cold storages (other than grocery) and fisheries in the state
of Gujarat.
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After undergoing the project it is understood that even the analysis shows good potential
for Ammonia Absorption Refrigeration Plant, to make it practical, the company has to
exhibitions, etc.
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2. COMPANY PROFILE
Transparent Energy Systems Pvt. Ltd was incorporated on 16th April, 1986 with the
name of Vapour Energy Machines Pvt. Ltd. The first commercial production was started
in January, 1988.
The name of the company was changed from Vapour Energy Machine Private Limited to
Transparent Group of Companies are known as the technology leaders working in the
Water Recycling Plants, Super-efficient boilers and heaters, Waste Heat Recovery
Systems, Pollution Control Equipments, Drying Plants, Energy and Water Consultancy,
Transparent Energy Systems Pvt. Ltd. has acquired proficiency in the entire spectrum
over 150 installations of waste heat recovery and power generation alone for different
The latest development of the company is a novel low pressure heat recovery and power
generation system using heat from exhaust gases of rotary kiln and clinker cooler in
cement industry. The company has received a patent from Government of India for the
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boilers used in this kind of a system which is in addition to the numerous other patents
The business divisions of Transparent Energy Systems Pvt. Ltd. includes the following
4. Boilers and Heaters: -- 95% super efficient oil/gas fuelled boilers, 89% super
5. LiBr Chillers: -- Wide range of heat inputs viz.--Low and Medium pressure
higher.
The other umbrella companies of Transparent Group of Companies are listed below:
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Transparent Technologies Pvt. Ltd
Concentrators.
- Pollution control, Flue gas desulphurization plants, Fume & Dust extraction plants, Air
Stripping Plants & Airborne solvent vapour Recovery Plant, Thermal Oxidation System
- Noise Abatement Products and Systems (in collaboration with IAC-BOET STOPSON,
France)
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Transparent Group of Companies are known as the technology leaders working in the
Water Recycling Plants, Super-efficient boilers and heaters, Waste Heat Recovery
Systems, Pollution Control Equipments, Drying Plants, Energy and Water Consultancy,
LiBr Chillers, Noise Abatement Products and Systems etc. It was incorporated in 1986
and the actual manufacturing started in 1988. The slogan of the company is Loyal to
Transparent Energy Systems Pvt. Ltd. has acquired proficiency in the entire spectrum
over 150 installations of waste heat recovery and power generation alone for different
Plant in Dairy, cold storage & fish processing Industry. The company has received a
patent from the Government of India for the boilers used in energy savings which is in
addition to the numerous other patents for its various systems and products.
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COMPANY POLICIES
MISSION:
Resource Conservation.
VISION:
BUSINESS PHILOSOPHY:
On this principle Transparent Energy System has developed energy-efficient and eco-
friendly solutions for industry and commerce. For over 2 decades. Transparent Energy
Systems has been helping customers improve their processes, conserve energy, increase
Transparent Energy Systems equipments helps several tens of thousands of customers the
world over enjoy increased profitability, and earn community goodwill by:
• Minimizing waste.
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BUSINESS AREAS:
In focus with the business mission; to provide Sustainable solutions in Energy and
• Absorption Cooling
energy generation, Transparent also customizes integrated sustainable solutions for the
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Marketing Policy
The company depends for its survival on its customers. The company believes that
Guidelines and Norms for every employee in the organization, no matter in what function
Everyone is expected to provide the best possible service to the next person in the chain
so that the ultimate service which we give to the customer is the best.
Everyone is expected to see the person, who requests his service as his customer.
The deadline or target date for finishing a task or for giving a decision should be
Anyone who has a problem, whether within the organization or outside, must be heard
After action has been completed, a check for customer satisfaction must be undertaken,
as far as possible.
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Every employee should ensure that commitments given to the customer are honoured and
In whatever we do, we should aim for the highest quality and continuous improvement.
Quality Policy
Our Quality policy starts and ends with the customer as a focal point, understanding the
building systems and processes in place to ensure quality at every stage, and achieving
our people, our processes and our products become a way of life.
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Organization Structure of Transparent Energy Systems Pvt. Ltd.
MANAGING DIRECTOR
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3. OBJECTIVE AND SCOPE OF THE PROJECT
• To find out geographically the location and required details of Dairy, Cold
• To educate the Dairy, Cold Storages, & Fish Processing companies about
Refrigeration Technology.
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SCOPE OF THE PROJECT
• The project was carried out Dairy, Cold Storages, & Fish Processing
industry.
Refrigeration Plant.
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4. PRODUCT PROFILE
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THEORETICAL BACKGROUND
Anhydrous Ammonia has been used for many years to perform all types of refrigeration
and air conditioning chores. Anhydrous means ammonia without water, Aqua Ammonia
is a solution of ammonia and water which is used in refrigeration and air conditioners that
are not a vapour compression type. Vapour compression systems use compressors to
compress the ammonia vapour. Absorption type systems do not use a compressor but
instead use a generator. This system shall be the crux of the project. It is assumed by the
Author that you have some knowledge of refrigeration and are aware of the cycles and
The typical Ammonia Absorption Refrigeration plant with single stage absorption and
Transparent Energy Systems Pvt. Ltd. has acquired proficiency in the entire
spectrum of products and technologies covering all possible facets of Energy Efficiency,
novel Ammonia Absorption Refrigeration Technology for the Dairy, Cold Storages, &
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Typical Ammonia Absorption Refrigeration Plant with single stage Absorption &
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Explanation:-
effect.
• Ammonia vapours from evaporator are used for sub-cooling (HE2) the liquid
• Heat is supplied in the desorber to boil off the ammonia from strong solution.
These vapours also contain some water vapours due to affinity between ammonia
and water.
• The ammonia vapours are rectified (purified) in the rectifying column (HE5) and
• These vapours are condensed (HE6) and liquid ammonia is stored in the receiver
(V).
• A solution heat exchanger (HE7) is provided to cool the weak solution before
entering the absorber and preheat the strong solution before entering the desorber.
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• The traces of water in the evaporator are bleed from evaporator to absorber
• Bleed Heat Exchanger further sub cools liquid ammonia and improves efficiency.
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I) AMMONIA ABSORPTION REFRIGERATION TECHNOLOGY
• Our principles M/s Hans Guentner GmbH & Co Absorptions Kaelte KG,
• Transparent Energy Systems & Hans Guentner have jointly developed Ammonia
large potential to save running cost, as it runs on low grade heat energy instead of
• Also it has many other advantages viz. very low maintenance, long life, good part
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II) WHAT IS AMMONIA ABSORPTION REFRIGERATION PLANT (AARP)?
• Energy input for AARP is heat from various sources viz. Low Pressure
evaporator.
• Pure liquid ammonia goes from Receiver to the evaporator. While going to the
evaporator, liquid ammonia is sub cooled in sub cooler by cold ammonia vapours
solution in absorber.
• Ammonia rich water solution from Absorber is pumped to the rectifying column.
• While Ammonia rich water solution goes to rectifying column, it recovers heat in
solution Heat Exchanger from hot weak Ammonia Solution being returned back
• Ammonia from ammonia rich solution is boiled off in the desorber by supply of
heat.
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• Pure ammonia vapour is condensed to liquid form by cooling water in the
condenser.
• Various temperatures, pressures and flow control systems are installed on the
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III) EXCLUSIVE FEATURES OF AMMONIA ABSORPTION
3) All heat exchangers are so designed that they have self cleaning feature to avoid
fouling.
4) System is fabricated and factory assembled & modular in construction. Therefore site
work is minimal.
5) System is standardized in design & is designed for wide operating parameters e.g.
6) By fitting some additional components standard system BORRSIG can be used below
-30C up to -60C.
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(B)Maintenance & Trouble Shooting:
1) A large number of isolation valves have been provided to facilitate quick inspection
and maintenance.
1. Reliable adequate control instruments for proper monitoring of various parameters &
interlocks.
2. System is controlled through full proof (fool proof?) PLC based control.
3. Each pressure vessel is protected by double safety valves with three way isolation
facility.
5. The components are thoroughly tested and inspected by TES before put to use.
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D). Capacity & Operating Control of Parameters for Fluctuating Loads & Other
Parameters: -
3. Proprietary try type distillation column operates reliably on wide fluctuations in load
4. Due to tray type rectifying column, System restarts quickly even on power failure for
20 minutes.
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IV) TYPICAL INDUSTRIAL APPLICATIONS OF AMMONIA ABSORPTION
REFRIGERATION PLANT
1. Cold Storage.
2. Freeze Drying.
3. Food Refrigeration.
4. Brine Cooling.
11. Dairies.
12. Refineries.
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V) AMMONIA ABSORPTION REFRIGERATION PLANT Vs. COMPRESSION
REFRIGERATION PLANT
No Refrigeration No Plant
1 Low running cost on cheap fuels like 1 High Running Cost due to Electricity
electrical Losses.
6 Small size standby D.G. Set is 6 Large D.G. Set needed on standby.
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sufficient
structural costs. to
Electrical systems
years.
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VI). COMPARISON OF ENERGY CONSUMPTION AND RUNNING COST OF
1 Technical Specifications
A Refrigeratio TR 100 100 100 100
n Load
B Ammonia Deg. C -10 -30 -10 -30
Evaporation
Temp.
C Cooling Summer 28 28 28 28
Water Monsoon 32 32 32 32
Temp. Winter 24 24 24 24
(Deg.C.). Average 28 28 28 28
2 System AARP Model Modern Reciprocating
configuratio Compression Cycle
n Plant
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Ammonia Deg.C -10 -30 -10 -30
Evaporation
Temp.
A HEAT INPUT kcal/hr 567264.1 770897. NA NA
: 5 43
STEAM
Steam kg/cm2(g) 1.7 5.18 NA NA
Pressure
Steam Deg. C 130 160.1 NA NA
Temperature
Steam kg/hr 1092.60 1551.03 NA NA
required at
Given
Pressure
B Boiler Fuel F.O. Baggas Coal
Data e
Calorific kcal/kg 9710.00 2200.00 4500.0
value
Boiler % 95.00 75.00 80.0
efficiency
C) Fuel Consumption for above Steam Output. (f90degC) (Refer NOTE below).
F.O. lit/hr 69.69 100.62 NA NA
Bagasse. kg/hr 370.15 534.41 NA NA
Coal. kg/hr 169.65 244.94 NA NA
HOT WATER
Supply Temp. C Deg. 150 180 NA NA
Return Temp. Deg. 120 150 NA NA
Rate of m3/hr 18.90 25.69 NA NA
Circulation
D) Fuel Consumption for above Hot Water Output.
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F.O. lit/hr 64.73 87.96 NA NA
Bagasse. kg/hr 343.80 467.21 NA NA
Coal. kg/hr 157.57 214.13 NA NA
E) Fuel Prices including C.Excise Duty, Sales Tax and Transport.
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Belt losses ( 8% ) KW - - 8.8 15.28
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5. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
The methodology is basically the set of rules, procedures, tools, and techniques used by
the researcher for realization of research objective. The process of designing research
study involves many interrelated decisions. The most significant decision is the choice of
1) Exploratory research
2) Descriptive research
3) Causal research
precision of hypotheses that are formed and data collection method used.
1) Exploratory research: -
problem, the possible decision alternatives and relevant variables that need
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research is of an exploratory type. Exploratory research defines problem,
2) Descriptive research: -
Descriptive research gives emphasis on description & such studies are simply
3) Causal approach: -
When it is necessary to show that one variable causes or determine the value
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The steps in which the project was carried out were as follows: -
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6. RESEARCH ANALYSIS & FINDINGS
The survey was carried out in the state of Gujarat. The analysis has shown that all the
Dairy, Cold Storages, & Fish Processing industry located in these regions use Vapour
Compression Refrigeration System for their manufacturing processes. The power cost of
System. Hence the analysis has shown that there is a lot of energy saving potential by
Different tabulations and graphs are made from the data collected during field survey
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Current Refrigeration Method Used:
Vapour Compression 18
AARP 2
None 2
Interpretation:
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Industrywise Distribution of Companies:
Type of
Industry Dairy Cold Storages Fisheries Ice plant Refinery
No. 6 6 3 5 1
Interpretation:
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Types of Cold Storages:
Type No
Grocery Cold Storages 3
General Cold Storages 1
Fruits Cold Storages 1
Fruits Cold
Storages, 1
Interpretation:
2. The general & fruits cold storages are not too many.
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Types of Ice Plants:
Type No
Industrial Ice
Suppliers 3
Ice for Fishing 4
Intepretation:
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Interest in Using AARP:
Interpretation:
2. the number of companies resisting the use of AARP is very high, which is very
bad.
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FINDINGS
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7. LIMITATIONS OF THE PROJECT
No project is ideal. In reality I came across different problems which act as limitations of
1) Some of the respondents did not give other relevant information which was required
3) There was time constraint (2 months). Hence total no. of plant visits was limited.
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8. CONCLUSION
After collecting data from the field research following conclusions is made.
1. There are a good numbers of Dairies, Cold Storages, & Fish Processing
companies in Gujarat.
Processing industries.
4. The Dairies, Cold Storages, & Fish Processing companies came to know about
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9. RECOMMENDATIONS
intensive product awareness programs should be carried out in trade shows, exhibitions
etc.
2. The product literatures and catalogues should be revised to make it more users
friendly.
3. For first installation of Ammonia Absorption Refrigeration Plant in Cold Storage &
Fish Processing industry, Transparent Energy Systems should provide financing facilities
and other monetary concessions in order to promote its product in other dairies & cold
storages.
4. Due to complex plant layouts and complex processes of storage in Cold storage
industries the period of warranty and free after sales services should be extended for
5. As Transparent Energy Systems Pvt. Ltd are technologically sound but are not known
ANNEXURE
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PHOTOGRAPHS OF AARP INSTALLATIONS
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BIBLIOGRAPHY
3. www.google.com
4. www.doii.net
5. www.aifpa.net
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