INTRODUCTION TO

MATLAB PROGRAMING

SIMPLE CALCULATION
& PRECEDENCE
Operators Precedence
+ ª„ 1st ªŠÁ¨È Á¦·É¤‹µ„ªŠÁ¨ÈÄœ­»—„n°œ
- ¨ 2nd ¥„„ε¨´Š ‹µ„Žoµ¥Åž…ªµ
* ‡¼– 3rd ‡¼–¨³®µ¦ ‹µ„Žoµ¥Åž…ªµ
/ ®µ¦ 4th ª„¨³¨ ‹µ„Žoµ¥Åž…ªµ
^ ¥„„娳Š
Example 1
3^2-5-6/3*2 Ÿ 3^2-5-6/3*2 Ÿ 9-5-6/3*2
Ÿ 9-5-2*2 Ÿ 9-5-4 Ÿ 4-4 Ÿ 0
3^2-5-6/(3*2) Ÿ 3^2-5-6/(3*2)
Ÿ 3^2-5-6/6 Ÿ 9-5-6/6 Ÿ 9-5-1 Ÿ 4-1 Ÿ 3
 VARIABLES

• „µ¦˜´ÊŠºÉ°˜´ªÂž¦˜o°Šž¦³„°—oª¥˜´ª°´„¬¦˜´ªÁ¨È„, ˜´ª
Ä®n, ˜´ªÁ¨… ®¦º° “_” ×¥˜o°Š…¹Êœ˜oœ—oª¥˜´ª°´„¬¦Ášnµœ´Êœ
¨³ ™º°ªnµ°´„¬¦˜´ªÁ¨È„¨³˜´ªÄ®n˜nµŠ„´œ

• ®µ„ºÉ°˜´ªÂž¦¥µª¤µ„„ªnµ 31 ˜´ª°´„¬¦ ˜´ª°´„¬¦˜´ªš¸É

32 Áž}œ˜oœÅž‹³™¼„˜´—š·ÊŠ

VARIABLES

• ‡Îµš¸É®oµ¤œÎµ¤µ˜´ÊŠÁž}œºÉ°˜´ªÂž¦ ‡º° for, end, if, while,

function, return, elseif, case, otherwise, switch,
continue, else, try, catch, global, persistent, break

• Ťn‡ª¦œÎµºÉ°¢{Š„r´Éœ ¨³ ˜´ªÂž¦¡·Á«¬…°Š MATLAB

¤µ˜´ÊŠÁž}œºÉ°˜´ªÂž¦ ×¥˜´ªÂž¦¡·Á«¬…°Š MATLAB ¤¸
—´Šœ¸Ê ans, beep, pi, eps, inf, NaN, nan, i, j, nargin,
nargout, realmin, realmax, bitmax, varargin, varargout
 SPECIAL VARIABLES

ans ‡Îµ˜°¨nµ­»— ¦´¥´®nµŠš¸Éœo°¥š¸É­»—¦´®ªnµŠ 2 ‹Îµœªœ

eps
‡nµ‡Šš¸É S = 2.2204e-016
pi
= 3.14159265358979
˜³ªÁ¨… floating point ª„š¸œÉ o°¥š¸É­—»
i,j ®œnª¥‹·œ˜£µ¡ realmin
= 2.2251e-308
inf ‡nµš¸ÉÁ„·—‹µ„„µ¦®µ¦—oª¥ 0 (Infinity)
˜³ªÁ¨… floating point ª„š¸¤É µ„š¸É­—»
„µ¦‡Îµœª–š¸®É µ‡nµÅ¤nŗo (Not a Number) realmax
= 1.7977e+308
NaN,nan Ánœ 0/0 ®¦º°
inf-inf ˜³ªÁ¨…‹ÎµœªœÁ˜È¤ floating point š¸¤É µ„š¸É­—»
bitmax
= 9.007199254740991e+015
varargin cell …°Š input argument
varargout cell …°Š output argument clock čo°„ že-Á—º°œ-ª³œ-³ÉªÃ¤Š-œµš¸-ª·œµš¸
nargin ‹Îµœªœ input argument
nargout ‹Îµœªœ output argument date ª³œš¸É Ĝ¦¼žÂ ª³œ-Á—º°œ-že

VARIABLES

Example 2

tile_length = 1
tile_width = 0.5
tile_area = tile_length*tile_width

floorarea = 1
FLOORAREA = 2
FloorArea = 3

TileCost_1 = (15*(floorarea/tile_area))+50
TileCost_2 = (15*(FLOORAREA/tile_area))+50
TileCost_3 = (15*(FloorArea/tile_area))+50
 VARIABLES

Example 3 Example 4

pi
realmax
r = 1.2 pi*(r^2)
eps
pi*(r^2) clear pi
clock
pi = 3 pi
date
pi pi*(r^2)

VARIABLES

Example 5 Example 6

2*2+5

ans z1 = -1+i z1*i

-2^2; z2 = -1+j clear i

ans z1*i i

i=2 z1*i
2*ans;

ans
 ARRAYS & MATRICES

ƒ „µ¦­¦oµŠ array ®¦º° Example 7.1

Matrix Ĝ MATLAB a = [1,2,3]

a = [1 2 3]
­µ¤µ¦™„ε®œ—Å—o—oª¥ [ ] b = [-1;0;1]
b = [-1
ƒ ‡nµ¦³®ªnµŠ®¨´„‹³™¼„‡´Éœ 0
1]
—oª¥ space ®¦º° ,
C = [1,0,-1;0,1,0;0,0,2]
ƒ „µ¦…¹ÊœÂ™ªÄ®¤n­µ¤µ¦™šÎµ C = [1 0 -1;0 1 0;0 0 2]
C = [1 0 -1
ŗo—oª¥„µ¦„— Enter ®¦º° 010
0 0 2]
‡´Éœ—oª¥ ;

ARRAYS & MATRICES

ƒ Array Å¨n˜ª´ Á¨…­µ¤µ¦™ Example 7.2

„ε®œ—Å—o—Š´ œ¸Ê d = 1:1:3

d = 1:3
Start:Step:Stop
e = 1:2:6
ƒ Start ‡º° ‡nµ˜´ªÁ¨…Á¦·É¤˜oœ
f = 1:2:5
ƒ Step ‡º° ¦³¥³®nµŠ¦³®ªnµŠ
g = 3:-1:1
®¨´„™´—Åž„´®¨´„ž{‹‹»œ´
h = 3:1
ƒ Stop ‡º° „µ¦„ε®œ—Ä®o‡nµ
­»—šoµ¥…°Š„µ¦Å¨n˜ª´ Á¨… Ťn Start:Stop Ÿ Start:1:Stop
Á¨¥‡nµ Stop
 ARRAYS & MATRICES

ƒ „µ¦°oµŠ˜ÎµÂ®œnŠÄœ Array 1 ¤·˜­· µ¤µ¦™šÎµÅ—o×¥

A(index)
ƒ A ‡º° ºÉ° Array ¨³ index ‡º° ˜ÎµÂ®œnŠš¸É˜o°Š„µ¦
ƒ index ­µ¤µ¦™Áž}œ Array ŗoÁ¤º°˜o°Š„µ¦°oµŠ˜ÎµÂ®œnŠ
š¸É˜°o Š„µ¦¤µ„„„ªnµ 1 ˜ÎµÂ®œnŠ
ƒ „µ¦°oµŠ˜ÎµÂ®œnŠÄœ Array n ¤·˜­· µ¤µ¦™šÎµÅ—o×¥
A(index_1, index_2,…, index_n)

ARRAYS & MATRICES

Example 7.3 Example 7.4

a(1) C(3,2)
b(2) C(end,2)
a(end) C(end,end)
b(end)
a(end-1) C(1:2,1)
C(1:2,2:3)
a(1:2) C([1 3],[1 3])
b(3:-1:2) C(1,2:end)
a([1 3]) C(1,1:end)
a([1 3 2]) C(1,:)
a([1 3 2 3]) C(:,1)
b(2:end) C([1 3],:)
b(1:end) C(:,[1 3])
b(:) C(:,:)
 ARRAYS & MATRICES

Example 7.5 Example 7.6

a'
a(1,3) [a;e]
b(2,1)
[b a']
L = [C b;a 7]
C(:)
C(5)
L(1,1) = 5
C(end)
L(2:3,2:3) = [-1 -2;-4 -6]
C(1:8)
L(end,:) = 2:2:8
C(1:end)
L([5 10 end]) = 10

save Example_07.mat

CHARACTER ARRAYS (STRINGS)

Example 8
ƒ „µ¦­¦oµŠ˜´ªÂž¦ž¦³Á£š
s1 = 'DSP'
˜´ª°´„¬¦­µ¤µ¦™¦³»Å—o s2 = ['D' 'SP']

ץčo ' ' s3 = '371'

[s1 s3]
['s1' s3]

s4 = 100
s5 = '100'
s4+1
s5+1

s1(1)
s1([1 3])
 OPERATORS AND SPECIAL CHARACTERS
= „µ¦„ε®œ—‡nµ˜³ªÂž¦
+ ª„
- ¨
* ‡¼–Á¤˜¦·„Žr
.* ‡¼–°µÁ¦¥r
^ ¥„„娳ŠÂÁ¤˜¦·„Žr
.^ ¥„„娳ŠÂ°µÁ¦¥r
/ ®µ¦šµŠ…ªµÂÁ¤˜¦·„Žr
./ ®µ¦šµŠ…ªµÂ°µÁ¦¥r
\ ®µ¦šµŠŽoµ¥ÂÁ¤˜¦·„Žr
.\ ®µ¦šµŠŽoµ¥Â°µÁ¦¥r
’ transpose & conjugate
.’ transpose
== Ášnµ„³ ­—Š¨Îµ—³Äœ„µ¦‡Îµœª–
~= ŤnÁšnµ„³ () ­—Š°·œ¡»˜Äœ¢{Š„r³Éœ
> ¤µ„„ªnµ °oµŠ˜ÎµÂ®œnŠÄœÁ¤˜¦·„Žr
>= ¤µ„„ªnµ®¦º°Ášnµ„³ [] ­¦oµŠÁ¤˜¦·„Žr
< œo°¥„ªnµ {} ­¦oµŠ®¦º°°oµŠ˜ÎµÂ®œnŠÄœ cell
<= œo°¥„ªnµ®¦º°Ášnµ„³ ‘ ’ „ε®œ—˜³ªÂž¦ž¦´Á£š String
& ¨´ , čoÁž}œ˜³ªÂnŠ®¦º°˜³ªÂnŠ®¨³„
| ®¦º° čoÁž}œ˜³ªÂnŠÂ™ª
;
~ œ·Á­› Ťn­—ŠŸ¨…°Š¦¦š³—œ¸Ê
‹»—š«œ·¥¤ : čo­¦oµŠ¨Îµ—³Á¨…‡–·˜
.
Á¦¸¥„‡nµ…°Š field Ĝ structure % ­—Š comment
.. parent directory čo„³ ‡Îµ­³ŠÉ cd @ ­¦oµŠ function handle
… ‡Îµ­³ŠÉ ˜n°Äœ¦¦š³—™³—Åž ! Á¦¸¥„čo‡Îµ­³ŠÉ …°Š OS

OPERATORS AND SPECIAL CHARACTERS

Example 9
ƒ Operator š¸¤É ¸ . °¥¼n…oµŠ®œoµ M1 = [1 2;3 4]
M2 = [-2 1;-1 2]
Ánœ .* ./ .\ .^ ‹³Áž}œ Array
Operator Ž¹ÉŠ„µ¦‡Îµœª– M1+M2
M1-1
‹³šÎµ„´­¤µ·„˜ÎµÂ®œnŠ 2*M1
˜n°˜ÎµÂ®œnŠ M1.*M2
M1*M2
ƒ Operator š¸ÅÉ ¤n¤¸ . °¥¼n
M1./M2
…oµŠ®œoµÁnœ * / \ ^ ‹³Áž}œ M1/M2 M 1M 21
Matrix Operator Ž¹ÉŠ„µ¦ M1.\M2
M1\M2 M 11M 2
‡Îµœª–°·Š˜µ¤®¨´„„µ¦
…°Š Matrix M1.^2
M1^2
 GENERAL PURPOSE COMMAND

help ­—Šª·›¸Äo‡Îµ­³ŠÉ ®¦º°¢{Š„r³Éœ

lookfor ‡oœ®µº°É ‡Îµ­³ŠÉ ®¦º°¢{Š„rœ³É
demo Á¦¸¥„čo Demo
clear ¨‡nµ˜³ªÂž¦Äœ Workspace
save ³œš¹„‡nµ˜³ªÂž¦Äœ Workspace

load —¹Š‡nµ‹µ„Å¢¨r .mat ¤µÄªoĜ Workspace

clc ¨ Command window

format „ε®œ—¦¼žÂ„µ¦Â­—ŠŸ¨…°Š˜³ªÁ¨…

warning ­—Š®¦º°Å¤n­—Š‡ÎµÁ˜º°œ

beep ­nŠÁ­¸¥Š Beep

quit °°„‹µ„ަ„¦¤ MATLAB

NUMBER DISPLAY FORMAT

format short
Á¨… 5 ®¨³„ 3.1416
(default)
format long Á¨… 15 ®¨³„ 3.14159265358979
format short e Á¨… 5 ®¨³„¤¸Á¨…¥„„娳Š“µœ 10 3.1416e+000

format long e Á¨… 15 ®¨³„¤¸Á¨…¥„„娳Š“µœ 10 3.14159265358979e

+000
format bank š«œ·¥¤ 2 ®¨³„ 3.14

format + Á‡¦ºÉ°Š®¤µ¥ (+,-) +

format hex Á¨…“µœ 16 400921fb54442d18

format rat Á«¬­nªœ (×¥ž¦´¤µ–) 355/113
 FUNCTIONS

ƒ „µ¦Á¦¸¥„čo Function Ĝ MATLAB ­µ¤µ¦™šÎµÅ—o×¥

F(input_1, input_2,…,input_n)
ƒ F ‡º° ºÉ° Function ¨³ input ‡º° ‡nµ°·œ¡»˜…°Š Function
(‹Îµœªœ…°Š˜´ªÂž¦°·œ¡»˜‹³™¼„„ε®œ—×¥ Function)

Example 10.1

sqrt(2) max([1 5 6 2])

gcd(10,15) inv([1 2;3 4])

FUNCTIONS

ƒ „µ¦„ε®œ—˜´ªÂž¦¤µ¦´‡nµ Output …°Š Function šÎµÅ—o×¥

out = F(input_1, input_2,…,input_n)
[out_1,out_2,…,out_n] = F(input_1, input_2,…,input_n)
[out_1 out_2 … out_n] = F(input_1, input_2,…,input_n)

Example 10.2

out_a = sqrt(2) out_c = inv([1 2;3 4])

out_b = mean([1 5 6 2]) [out_1,out_2] = size(out_c )

 M-FILES

ƒ Á…¸¥œÄœÃž¦Â„¦¤ž¦³Á£š Editor ¨oª­´ÉŠÁ„ȝÁž}œÅ¢¨r

Á¡ºÉ°œÎµ¤µ­´ÉŠšÎµŠµœÅ—oĜ£µ¥®¨´ŠÄœ MATLAB
ƒ MATLAB ¤¸…o°´Š‡´ªnµ‹³˜o°Š¦³»œµ¤­„»¨…°ŠÅ¢¨r
Áž}œ .m ¨³‹³˜o°ŠÁ„ȝŪoĜŗÁ¦„š°¦¸…°Š MATLAB
ƒ ­µ¤µ¦™Á¦¸¥„ަ„¦¤Å¢¨ršÁ¸É „ȝÁž}œœ·— .m œ´ÊœÄœ
ƒ ®œoµ˜nµŠ¦´‡Îµ­´ÉŠ…°Š MATLAB —oª¥„µ¦žj°œºÉ°Å¢¨rœ´Êœ¨ŠÅž
ƒ ®¦º°­µ¤µ¦™Á¦¸¥„čoÅ¢¨r .m ‹µ„Å¢¨r .m °ºÉœ„Èŗo

M-FILES

ƒ …o°¦³ª´Š„ȇº° ‹³˜o°Š´œš¹„Å¢¨rœ¸ÊŪoĜŗÁ¦„š°¦¸š¸É MATLAB ­µ¤µ¦™

¤°ŠÁ®Èœ ®¦º°Á¦¸¥„ªnµ MATLAB Path Ž¹ÉŠ­µ¤µ¦™˜¦ª‹—¼Å—o‹µ„‡Îµ­´ÉŠ
path
ƒ ®¦º°°µ‹‹³Á„ȝŪoĜ ŗÁ¦„š°¦¸ž{‹‹»´œ…°Š Window „Èŗo Ž¹ÉŠ‹³Â­—Š
°°„¤µÁ¤ºÉ°Äo‡Îµ­´ÉŠ pwd ®¦º° Tab Current Directory
ƒ Ĝ„¦–¸š¸É˜o°Š„µ¦Á„ȝŪoĜŗÁ¦„š°¦¸°ºÉœ Ç „È­µ¤µ¦™Á˜·¤ºÉ°Á¡·É¤¨ŠÅž
Ĝ MATLAB Path ץčo‡Îµ­´ÉŠ addpath (—¼ help addpath)
 M-FILES

ƒ Script File
ƒ ×¥ Script File Áž}œ»—‡Îµ­´ÉŠ
ƒ Function File
ƒ Function File Áž}œ„µ¦­¦oµŠ¢{Š„r´œÄ®¤n Ž¹ÉŠ
×¥š´ÉªÅž‹³¤¸„µ¦­nŠŸnµœ‡nµ˜´ªÂž¦Á…oµ ¨³
˜´ªÂž¦°°„

SCRIPT FILE

ƒ Á¦µ­µ¤µ¦™Á„ȝ»—‡Îµ­´ÉŠš¸Éžj°œÄ®o„´ MATLAB
ŪoĜިrš¸É¤¸œµ¤­„»¨ .m ¨³­´ŠÉ Ä®o MATLAB Ş
Á¦¸¥„»—‡Îµ­´ÉŠ‹µ„Å¢¨rœ¸ÊÁ­¤º°œ„´Á¦µžj°œ‡Îµ­´ÉŠ
Á…oµÅžš¸¨³‡Îµ­´ÉŠÅ—o
ƒ „µ¦Á¦¸¥„čoÅ¢¨rš¸Éœ ´ š¹„ŪoÁž}œ»—‡Îµ­´ÉŠš¸É
Command Window ­µ¤µ¦™šÎµÅ—o×¥ ¡·¤¡rºÉ°
Å¢¨rץŤn˜o°Š¤¸ .m ¨oª„— Enter
 SCRIPT FILE

Example 11

Editor
Comment % Find x from Ax = b
clear A b x

A = [1 2 3;1 0 -1;-2 3 -1];

b = [1;0;-5];

x = A\b
Save as ex11.m

Command Window
ex11

FUNCTION FILES

„ Function Áž}œ m-file š¸É¤„¸ µ¦ ‘­nŠ‡nµ’ Ş¥´Š Function

¨³ ‘¦´‡nµ’ ‹µ„ Function
„ Function ¤¸„µ¦¦´­nŠ‡nµ˜´ªÂž¦Å—o script ¦´­nŠ˜´ª
‡nµ˜´ªÂž¦Å¤nŗo
„ Function čo˜´ªÂž¦…°Š˜´ªÁ°ŠÅ¤n¦ª¤„´ Command
Window ®¦º° Function °ºœÉ Ç (˜´ªÂž¦‹³™¼„
­¦oµŠÄ®¤nš»„‡¦´ŠÊ š¸¤É ¸„µ¦Äo Function)
 FUNCTION FILES

Example 12
Editor
function x = ex12(A,b)

C = A^2;
d = b/2
x = C\b;

Save as ex12.m

Command Window

L=[1 2;3 4];

v = [1 ; -1];
ex12(L,v)

FUNCTION FILES

Example 13
Editor
function [x,y] = ex13(a,b)

x = (a+b)/2;
y = sqrt(a*b);

Save as ex13.m

Command Window

ex13(5,3)
[out1,out2]=ex13(5,3)
 CONTROL FLOW

IF-ELSE SWITCH-CASE TRY-CATCH

if (condition 1) switch (variable) try

(command 1) case (value 1) (command 1)
elseif (condition 2) (command 1) catch
(command 2) case (value 2) (command 2)
. (command 2) end
. .
. .
else .
(command n) otherwise
end (command n)
end

CONTROL FLOW

Example 14

Editor Save as ex14.m

x = input('x = ');
Command Window
if x == 0
disp('command 1')
ex14
elseif x> 0 & x <= 3
disp('command 2') Try
elseif x > 3 x= 0
disp('command 3') x= 1
elseif x >= -3 x= 5
disp('command 4') x= -2
else x= -5
disp('command 5')
end
 CONTROL FLOW

Example 15

Editor Save as ex15.m

x = input('x = ');
Command Window
switch x
case 1
ex15
disp('command 1')
case {2,3} Try
disp('command 2') x= 1
case 'abc' x= 2
disp('command 3') x= ‘2’
case {'de','f'} x= ‘a’
disp('command 4') x= ‘abc’
otherwise
x= ‘f’
disp('command 5')
end

CONTROL FLOW

Example 16

Editor Save as ex16.m

Command Window
function y = ex16(x)
ex16(1)
try ex16(2)
y = x+[1 2 3]; ex16([1 0 1])
catch ex16([3 2 1])
y=0 ex16([1 2;3 4])
end
 CONTROL FLOW

FOR LOOP WHILE-LOOP

for (variable) while (condition)

(command) (command)
end end

break °°„‹µ„¨¼ž—oµœÄœ­»— 1 ¨¼ž

pause ®¥»—„µ¦šÎµŠµœ‹œ„ªnµ‹´¤¸„µ¦„—‡¸¥r

CONTROL FLOW

Example 17

Editor Save as ex17.m

Command Window
n = input('n = ');
s = 0; ex17
for k = 1:n
s = s+k; Try
end n= 3
s n= 1
n= 0
n= -1
 CONTROL FLOW

Example 18

Editor Save as ex18.m

Command Window
n = input('n = ');
s = 0; ex18
k = 1;
while k <= n Try
s = s+k; n= 3
k = k+1; n= 1
end n= 0
s n= -1

INPUT AND OUTPUT FUNCTIONS

input ­—Š˜³ª°³„¬¦Ã—¥‹´¦°°·œ¡»˜‹µ„‡¸¥r °¦r—¨oªÁ„ȝ‡nµÅªo
disp ­—Š¦µ¥¨´Á°¸¥—…°Š˜³ªÂž¦ ®¦º°…o°‡ªµ¤˜nµŠ Ç

LOGICAL FUNCTIONS
xor exclusive or
all ˜¦ª‹­°ªnµ­¤µ·„š»„˜³ªÅ¤nÁž}œ 0
any ˜¦ª‹­°ªnµ¤¸­¤µ·„°¥nµŠœo°¥ 1 ˜³ªÅ¤nÁž}œ 0
find ®µ˜ÎµÂ®œnŠš¸ÅÉ ¤nÁž}œ 0
isempty ˜¦ª‹­°ªnµÁ¤˜¦·„Žr¤¸…œµ—Ášnµ„³ 0 ®¦º°Å¤n
exist ˜¦ª‹­°ªnµ¤¸˜³ªÂž¦®¦º°¢{Š„r³ÉœºÉ°Á—¸¥ª„³š¸É¦´»®¦º°Å¤n
 LOGICAL FUNCTIONS

Example 19

all([1 1 1 1 1]) B = [0 0 1 1;0 1 0 1];

all([1 0 1 1 1]) all(B)
all(B,1)
any([1 0 0 0 0]) all(B,2)
any([0 0 0 0 0]) all(all(B))
all(B(:))
A = [2 5 3 9];
all(A>1) find([1 0 1 0])
all(A>3 & A<=10) find(A>3)
any(mod(A,2)==0) find(B)
[x,y] = find(B)

NUMERIC FUNCTIONS
fix ž{—Á¨…Ä®oÁž}œ‹ÎµœªœÁ˜È¤ ×¥ž{—Á…oµ®µ 0
floor ž{—Á¨…Ä®oÁž}œ‹ÎµœªœÁ˜È¤ ×¥ž{—Á…oµ®µ -f
ceil ž{—Á¨…Ä®oÁž}œ‹ÎµœªœÁ˜È¤ ×¥ž{—Á…oµ®µ +f
round ž{—Á¨…Ä®oÁž}œ‹ÎµœªœÁ˜È¤ ×¥ž{—Á…oµ®µ‹ÎµœªœÁ˜È¤š¸ÉĄ¨oš­¸É —»
abs ®µ‡nµ­³¤¼¦–r
sign ®µÁ‡¦ºÉ°Š®¤µ¥ (+,-)
rem ®µÁ«¬‹µ„µ¦®µ¦
mod modulo

COMPLEX NUMBER FUNCTIONS

real ®µ­nªœ‹¦·Š conj ®µ conjugate
imag ®µ­nªœ‹·œ˜£µ¡ angle ®µ¤»¤Á¢­Áž}œÁ¦Á—¸¥œ
 EXPONENTIAL AND LOGARITHM FUNCTIONS

sqrt ®µ¦µ„š¸É 2 log2 ‡nµ log “µœ 2

exp ¥„„娳Š“µœ e sqrtm ®µ¦µ„š¸É 2 Á¤˜¦·„Žr
log ‡nµ log “µœ e expm ¥„„娳Š“µœ e Á¤˜¦·„Žr
log10 ‡nµ log “µœ 10 logm ‡nµ log “µœ e Á¤˜¦·„Žr

TRIGONOMETRY AND HYPERBORIC FUNCTIONS

sin sine asin arcsine sinh hyperboric sine asinh hyperboric arcsine
cos cosine acos arccosine cosh hyperboric cosine acosh hyperboric arccosine
tan tangent atan arctangent tanh hyperboric tangent atanh hyperboric arctangent
csc cosecant acsc arccosecant csch hyperboric cosecant acsch hyperboric arccosecant
sec secant asec arcsecant sech hyperboric secant asech hyperboric arcsecant
arccotangen
cot cotangent acot coth hyperboric cotangent acoth hyperboric arccotangent
t
°·œ¡»˜Áž}œÁ¦Á—¸¥œ

STATISTICTIC FUNCTIONS
min ®µ‡nµ˜Éε­»— median ®µ¤³›¥“µœ cumsum ®µŸ¨¦ª¤­´­¤
max ®µ‡nµ­¼Š­»— sort Á¦¸¥Š…o°¤¼¨ cumprod ®µŸ¨‡¼–­´­¤
range ®µ¡·­¥³ sum ®µŸ¨¦ª¤ diff ®µŸ¨˜nµŠ¦´®ªnµŠ­¤µ·„˜³ªš¸˜É ·—„³œ
mean ®µ‡nµÁŒ¨¸É¥ prod ®µŸ¨‡¼– std ®µ­nªœÁ¸É¥ŠÁœ¤µ˜¦“µœ

STRING FUNCTIONS
str2num ž¨Š˜³ª°³„¬¦Áž}œ˜³ªÁ¨… bin2dec ž¨ŠÁ¨…“µœ 2 Áž}œ “µœ 10
num2str ž¨Š˜³ªÁ¨…Áž}œ˜³ª°³„¬¦ dec2bin ž¨ŠÁ¨…“µœ 10 Áž}œ “µœ 2
strcmp Áž¦¸¥Áš¸¥˜³ª°³„¬¦ hex2dec ž¨ŠÁ¨…“µœ 16 Áž}œ “µœ 10
Áž¦¸¥Áš¸¥˜³ª°³„¬¦ ×¥™º°ªnµ dec2hex ž¨ŠÁ¨…“µœ 10 Áž}œ “µœ 16
strcmpi
˜³ª°³„¬¦˜³ªÁ¨È„„³˜³ªÄ®nÁ®¤º°œ„³œ base2dec ž¨ŠÁ¨…“µœš¸„É 宜—Áž}œ “µœ 10
strfind ®µ˜ÎµÂ®œnŠ˜³ª°³„¬¦˜µ¤š¸É„ε®œ— dec2base ž¨ŠÁ¨…“µœ 10 Áž}œ“µœš¸„É 宜—
 STATISTICTIC FUNCTIONS

Example 20

A = [2 5 3 9]; B = [1 2 1 3;2 4 1 0];

min(A) min(B)
max(A) min(B,1)
mean(A) min(B,2)
sum(A) min(min(B))
prod(A) min(B(:))

sort(A) sum(B)
sum(B,1)
diff(A) sum(B,2)
sum(sum(B))
sum(B(:))

MATRIX FUNCTIONS
zeros ­¦oµŠÁ¤˜¦·„Žr¤¸­¤µ·„Áž}œ 0 š³ÊŠ®¤— length ®µ‡ªµ¤¥µª…°ŠÁ¤˜¦·„Žr
ones ­¦oµŠÁ¤˜¦·„Žr¤¸­¤µ·„Áž}œ 1 š³ÊŠ®¤— size ®µ…œµ—…°ŠÁ¤˜¦·„Žr
eye ­¦oµŠÁ¤˜¦·„ŽrÁ°„¨³„¬–r fliplr „¨³Á¤˜¦·„ŽrĜš·«šµŠ Žoµ¥-…ªµ
linspace ­¦oµŠÁª‡Á˜°¦r…°Š¨Îµ—³Á¨…‡–·˜ flipud „¨³Á¤˜¦·„ŽrĜš·«šµŠ œ-¨nµŠ
logspace ­¦oµŠÁª‡Á˜°¦r…°Š¨Îµ—³Á¦…µ‡–·˜ flipdim „¨³Á¤˜¦·„ŽrĜš·«šµŠš¸„É 宜—
­¦oµŠÁ¤˜¦·„Žr¤¸­¤µ·„Å—o‹µ„„µ¦­»n¤ rot90 ®¤»œÁ¤˜¦·„Žr ±90q, ±180q,...
rand
‡nµ 0-1 š¸É¤¸„µ¦„¦´‹µ¥Â Uniform tril ­¦oµŠÁ¤˜¦·„Žr­µ¤Á®¨¸É¥¤¨nµŠ
­¦oµŠÁ¤˜¦·„Žr¤¸­¤µ·„Å—o‹µ„„µ¦­»n¤ triu ­¦oµŠÁ¤˜¦·„Žr­µ¤Á®¨¸É¥¤œ
‡n µ š¸É ¤¸ „ µ¦„¦´‹µ¥Â Normal ¤¸
randn det ®µ—¸Áš°¦r¤·Âœœšr…°ŠÁ¤˜¦·„Žr
‡n µ ÁŒ¨¸É ¥ Áž} œ 0 ¤¸ ­n ª œÁ¸É ¥ ŠÁœ
¤µ˜¦“µœÁž}œ 1 inv ®µÁ¤˜¦·„ŽrŸ„Ÿ³œ
diag ­¦oµŠÁ¤˜¦·„Žrš´Â¥Š pinv ®µÁ¤˜¦·„ŽrŸ„Ÿ³œÁ­¤º°œ
reshape Áž¨¸É¥œ…œµ—…°ŠÁ¤˜¦·„Žr rank ®µÂ¦Š‡r…°ŠÁ¤˜¦·„ªr
 MATRIX FUNCTIONS

Example 21

zeros(3,5) B = [1 2 1 3;2 4 1 0];

ones(1,7) length(B)

eye(5) size(B)

diag([1 2 3 4]) reshape(B,4,2)

linspace(0,pi,20) C = [1+i 1+2i ; 3-i 2];

rand(1,7) C’

randn(1,7) transpose(C)

SPARSE MATRIX FUNCTIONS

­¦oµŠ sparse matrix š¸ÉÁž}œ Á¤˜¦·„Žr«¼œ¥r ®¦º° Áž¨¸É¥œ­¤µ·„Äœ˜ÎµÂ®œnŠš¸ÉŤnÁšnµ„³ 0
sparse spones
ž¨ŠÁ¤˜¦·„Žr›¦¦¤—µÁž}œ sparse matrix Ĝ sparse matrix Ä®oÁšnµ„³ 1
speye ­¦oµŠ sparse matrix š¸ÉÁž}œ Á¤˜¦·„ŽrÁ°„¨³„¬–r full ž¨Š sparse matrix Áž}œÁ¤˜¦·„Žr›¦¦¤—µ

SET FUNCTIONS
unique ˜³—­¤µ·„˜³ªš¸ŽÉ µÊÎ „³œ°°„¡¦o°¤š³ŠÊ Á¦¸¥Š…o°¤¼¨ setdiff set difference
union set union setxor set exclusive union
intersect set intersection ismember ˜¦ª‹­°„µ¦Áž}œ­¤µ·„
POLYNOMIAL FUNCTIONS
roots ®µ¦µ„…°Š¡®»œµ¤ residue ®µ partial fraction
poly ®µ¡®»œµ¤‹µ„¦µ„ polyder ®µ°œ»¡œ³ ›r…°Š¡®»œµ¤
polyval ®µ‡nµ…°Š¡®»œµ¤ polyint ®µž’·¥µœ»¡œ³ ›r…°Š¡®»œµ¤
conv ‡¼–¡®»œµ¤ ®µ¡®»œµ¤š¸‹É µ„‡¼n°³œ—³š¸„É 宜—
polyfit
deconv ®µ¦¡®»œµ¤ (ž¦´¤µ–)
 SET FUNCTIONS

Example 22

A = [2 3 4 2 4 3 1]; setdiff(A,B)
B = [0 3 5 3 2];
setdiff(B,A)
unique(A)
ismember(A,B)
union(A,B)

intersect(A,B)

CELL FUNCTIONS
cell ­¦oµŠ cell ªnµŠ iscell ˜¦ª‹­°ªnµÁž}œ˜³ªÂž¦ž¦´Á£š cell ®¦º°Å¤n
deal „ε®œ—‡nµ˜³ªÂž¦Å—oš¸É¨´®¨µ¥˜³ª num2cell ®µ°œ»¡œ³ ›r…°Š¡®»œµ¤

STRUCTURE FUNCTIONS
struct ­¦oµŠ structure isfield ˜¦ª‹­°ªnµ¤¸ºÉ° field š¸É„ε®œ—®¦º°Å¤n
fieldnames Á¦¸¥„—¼ºÉ° field Ĝ structure ˜¦ª‹­°ªnµÁž}œ˜³ªÂž¦ž¦´Á£š structure
isstruct
getfield Á¦¸¥„‡nµ…°Š field Ĝ structure ®¦º°Å¤n

setfield „ε®œ—‡nµ…°Š field Ĝ structure struct2cell ž¨Š structure Áž}œ cell

rmfield ¨ field cell2struct ž¨Š cell Áž}œ structure
 SYMBOLIC FUNCTIONS

sym,syms ­¦oµŠ˜³ªÂž¦ž¦´Á£š symbolic compose ®µ composite …°Š function

subs šœ‡nµ˜³ªÂž¦ symbolic diff ®µ°œ»¡œ³ ›r
sinplify Áž¨¸É¥œÄ®o°¥¼nĜ¦¼žš¸­É œ³Ê š¸­É —» int ®µž‘·¥µœ»¡œ³ ›r
expand „¦´‹µ¥¡‹œr°°„¤µ limit ®µ¨·¤·˜
numden ®µÁ«¬ ¨´ ­nªœ fourier Fourier Transform
solve „o­¤„µ¦ laplace LaplaceTransform
dsolve „o­¤„µ¦Á·Š°œ»¡œ³ ›r ztrans Z Transform
finverse ®µ inverse …°Š fnction taylor Taylor Series

GRAPH DISPLAY FUNCTIONS

plot „µ¦¡¨È°˜„¦µ¢Á·ŠÁ­oœ x-y polar ¡¨È°˜„¦µ¢Äœ¦¼žÁ·Š…³Êª
axis „ε®œ—¨³„¬–´Â„œ pie ­¦oµŠÂŸœ£¼¤·ªŠ„¨¤
grid ­—Š grid ®¦º°Å¤n bar ­¦oµŠÂŸœ£¼¤·ÂšnŠ
hold ‡Š¦¼žÁ—·¤°¥¼n®¦º°Å¤n stem ¡¨È°˜Äœ¦¼ž…ªœ°·¤Á¡µ­r
xlabel „ε®œ—‡Îµ°›·µ¥œÂ„œ x hist ­¦oµŠ histogram
ylabel „ε®œ—‡Îµ°›·µ¥œÂ„œ y scatter ¡¨È°˜‹»—„¦´‹µ¥˜³ª
title „ε®œ—®³ª…o°„¦µ¢ contour ­¦oµŠÁ­oœ contour
legend „ε®œ—ºÉ°…°Š„¦µ¢Â˜n¨´Á­oœ fill ¦´µ¥­¸Ä®o¦¼ž polygon
text ¡·¤¡r…o°‡ªµ¤Á¡·¤É Á˜·¤ ezplot ¡¨È°˜„¦µ¢‹µ„¢{Š„rœ³É
line ªµ—Á­oœ˜¦ŠÁ¡·É¤Á˜·¤ figure Ážd—®œoµ˜nµŠ¦¼ž£µ¡Ä®¤n
semilogx Á®¤º°œ plot ˜n‡µn Ĝ„œ x Áž}œ log “µœ 10 subplot nŠ®œoµ˜nµŠ¦¼ž£µ¡
semilogy Á®¤º°œ plot ˜n‡µn Ĝ„œ y Áž}œ log “µœ 10 clf ¨¦¼žÄœ®œoµ˜nµŠ¦¼ž£µ¡
loglog Á®¤º°œ plot ˜n‡µn Áž}œ log “µœ 10 š³ŠÊ 2 „œ close žd—®œoµ˜nµŠ¦¼ž£µ¡
 GRAPHIC HANDLING FUNCTIONS
get °nµœ handle set ˜³ŠÊ ‡nµ handle

FILE INPUT AND OUTPUT FUNCTIONS

fopen Ážd—Å¢¨r fgetl ¦³…o°¤¼¨Äœ¦¦š³—˜n°Åž
fclose žd—Å¢¨r fprintf Á…¸¥œ…o°¤¼¨¨ŠÄœÅ¢¨r

IMAGE FUNCTIONS
imread ¦³…o°¤¼¨ž¦´Á£š¦¼ž£µ¡ imagesc ¡¨È°˜¦¼žÃ—¥„µ¦šÎµ scaling …o°¤¼¨„n°œ

imwrite ­¦oµŠÅ¢¨r¦¼ž‹µ„…o°¤¼¨ colormap Áž¨¸É¥œÃšœ­¸

image ¡¨È°˜¦¼ž colorbar ­—ŠÂ™­¸Áš¸¥‡nµ

AUDIO FUNCTIONS
wavread °nµœ…o°¤¼¨‹µ„Å¢¨r .wav wavrecord °³—Á­¸¥Š‹µ„°»ž„¦–r°·œ¡»˜
wavwrite ­¦oµŠÅ¢¨rÁ­¸¥Š‹µ„…o°¤¼¨ wavplay ­nŠÁ­¸¥Š°°„šµŠ¨ÎµÃ¡Š