Project: Two-Stage CMOS Op-Amp Introduction The purpose of this project is to build and test a cascaded multistage amplifier.

Objectives The objectives of this lab are: To build and test a two-stage CMOS operational amplifier: o Measure the gain of the differential amplifier stage. o Measure the overall gain of the operational amplifier. o Determine the gain of the common-source amplifier stage. To design and test a non-inverting amplifier with a gain of 100 V/V using the CMOS amplifier. Components ALD1106 (n-channel) quad matched MOSFET transistor. ALD1107 (p-channel) quad matched MOSFET transistor. LM317 positive adjustable voltage regulator. LM337 negative adjustable voltage regulator. Circuit Diagrams Let VDD = VSS = 8 V. Use the adjustable voltage regulators to supply the rail voltages. Implement IREF using a resistor R1 = 220 k. Use CC = 100 pF. Please remember to connect the body terminals for the mosfet arrays to the appropriate voltages.

Figure 1: Two-stage CMOS operational amplifier circuit.

Experiment Procedure 1. Build the positive (use LM317) and negative (use LM337) adjustable voltage regulator circuits as shown in Appendix 1 of lab 4. Adjust the potentiometers in the voltage regulator circuit to supply VDD = 8 V and VSS = -8 V. 2. Build the two-stage CMOS op-amp circuit as shown in Fig. 1. 3. Measure the current through Q8. Remember I8 = I5 = I7 = I due to the current mirror setup. 4. Connect the gate terminal (-ve input of the op-amp) of Q1 to ground and supply a sinusoidal input (1 Vpp, 100 Hz.) to the gate terminal of Q2 (+ve input of the op-amp). 5. Observe and record the input, the differential amplifier output vod and the final output vo. Comment on the obtained waveforms. 6. Reduce the amplitude of the input voltage until you obtain an almost sinusoid at the input 7. Design and verify a feedback loop to obtain a non-inverting amplifier with a gain of 100 V/V.

APPENDIX 1 The Texas Instruments LM317 adjustable voltage regulator is a flexible device that, when combined with suitable external resistors and the NI myDAQ power supply, can serve as the basis for a fixed or variable voltage source and a fixed or variable current source. Check the datasheet for details.

Figure 2: DC biasing circuits. (a) Drain-feedback circuit. (b) Voltage-divider circuit.