First Certificate Star SB PDF

Contents
Unit
, Yahoo cbbbo doo
po",'
vocabulary
'rcnsc review
Words of similar meaning
CirK.'f1ll1
use of English
Phrasal \~~ and idi(lfn:-. Phrasal vt:rl~\\.ilh up
2 In good company
page
Qucsnons &
(.IU~ ...~j()nlol)!:>
16
Pel'$ol\3lfcy "'Iodifyin~o adjl'cU\'\.':oI l'hl""~11 "crh.'C v..oilh IHI Town 'U)() c.o'-'ntr~'
Part ;: word (omaation Part -i: Entlr c."'OO'c(.1jon
3 TIl.
good, Ibe bad and tbe unbeanble l).;j~c24
'n.~(_'nl$iUll)l\' ~ pr~ ..ecru

l..'(n11;1\\1( ..
I.."
Transpost
IJhr:J$;11 \'l,. .. 1),.. (Ir:t\'cl)
!'I;1:t!i,'c &
d>,n:uni~','..:rn:s
4 Cultu re sl>ock
page j2 Review: Ulllt5 1-4 r>a;:;C' '10
!\';uion:dities & 1~l)gu:lgc$ \'(fords slulilar m\.-:tnlng .. hrasal verb ...whh turn
or
5Comlcpu, JXIJ.!(." 42
1:ISl simple &

(onlinuotl!'>
IXLst
"-ords of suniJaf meaning
"-01 formation
..
1(11..',.'
Phrasal verbs whh
Part J: ~Iultipk' choice clo7.C l'art 5: \'(,'unJ ()mlution E.X:Ul1inronl1ulion: l'urt 1
6 T21kJng sense
PCISC 50
Cn1l1f)Clr:tlh ... & .... UI''' ..I1:lli\'c :Itlil"\.-,i\,\.)o
v(.,rt)$ (If S(llll,d ~'\: ~i~h(

Phr.:~s.;11"eli)..,. wish g(J
Part 5: \'(.'or(l (01"01:1(;':'10

1';11'( 4: I~((n' ('c)lYl'(1klfl r.:<:n11 ill(lOll:I(",)": I':I.({ ..
7 lA:isun: for pleasure

I"'~" ~8
Prvscm pcrtcc slrnplo: &.
pR;..,_~nl f\\:"\:CI coeulnuoes
LKi:-urc." <.:01\(.("11\ .. nouns .'h".ls.:,1 \'clh.~ $:. klll.)l1~
8 Sherlock
JXIJ:t(_ 66
Holmes
I':l$( perfect simptc & pllll: perfect continuous
1":I1l J: ~fuhiple chokio! cloze
1 'n rt 2: Open doze

t'art 4: Errur correction Pnn ;: \'(-'(Ifd (cum:ltion
Review: UOiL"S-8 )'Iagc 74
9 M)'steriou.. s MOJ'lSlt.'ft
J'fiIj.t1: 7<)
The pa~$h'c
Adj\,"t.,i\,c fltllC1"
-(JI(I and -;II,'t :1(lic.'\'i\"\!~ \\;001 funU3tiOil
Phrasal "eli)" wlth look

Phl':.t~11\'(.1'1~wlth dOll'lI
10
\\Ihal'~ in a face?
1):t_Ltt!R,t
Rilltl.-'" ,., (fl', buti, '" and. fUji (Ju/" ... bUI 1'''':0 ere C:lu.~Hi\e\'eI~)S
I>i.-:':c'ribin),: people
COlnpc.,und ;l(ljt. ...'i\'C.i

Plu-.. :\;,I \"el'h.~(Iill)!:)
Pnrt Pan
3: Transfonuauons
\'(Iord (onn:ltkl" F_,:unin(unu:I'lI)n: I):n~3
s:
11 ~'c:ahto cat or not to cat?

P"~C91
Food & r.1rnling I'h1':15.11verbs (foc.KU
Pnrt 2: OPI..--n 11.'101.(-
f'.. xam In(onn:uJon: 1':10 2
Contents
Re:tding
?:or. I: i'lultiple In.1lching Part 2: ,\Iuklple choice E:om InfolTll:uJon:l'nn I
Listening
Pan I: .\(ultiplc choice
Speaking
tnformauon }t>lp
P:UI I: Pt:fson:II inf(lnn:llinn F.... \:un inl'onl.;uiun: Pari I
Wriling
;'Il';'rf:ltivt' (_'(lCllp.f~i'i()n
r.x;lIn in((.nTlalil)n
?!!i 3e G:lPPL"tJ text E.~nl i.nfoflll:uinn: l~ltl .~
P:Ul 2: ulauk filling
Tr.UU3ctiunallcncr
Hxatn information
CS:in3: Gapped text ?:::n -1; .\Iulllpk: Il\:'u(hln~
I'~lft l: 111(,)((.I1-(r.lphli l'lis(\.:o;.... ic)ll
1{":('IUf'
It x~uu jnfuunatiol\
Exam infol'l,,:niun:
1':.111 1 ]l.la~;1zilll aRid c I~"anl inf,)nn:1li,ln
Pan I: i\lulliplc chore ... Ex!un il1rOfnt:uion: {),.111 I
Qu~.'&iQnnniH: & discU$$ion
I>:ut 2: I'hOCOgr.lph.s
Loner uf ;lppJI c-auon I:.x ant infunn;l,j(ln
.?'zi 1: .\1ultiptc 11'Utl'llinS
1':'113: j\lullip!c nlau_11in~ E.'X:tnlinformation: P~lfl .\
1J;1r1$;3 I'(: 4; I-J;~i""(llt

& (ii:'l(;ll,q-on
1;I$k
Opinion
\'Ollll)(JSil;Oll
I!S:nn illfutnl:"j(lll
.P""..a...;.: ,\Iulliph; 1Il:l{('hln~

~'l!
in(clnll:IIX)Il: rl;lrl ..
Pan I: .\htltipk: choice ~r)()kt:n Eo~lbh
Pan Z: PhCl(l),g~JI>lb P:ln5 , &. 1: Pairwork task
oS: disc":ui(;lu Ux:lln inrQnll;",()ll: 1~'r1~ J&1
?oc:. ;: Gapped
leXI
t'nn 2: Ulank fillillJ.t
nook review I~x:unIntonnmlon
e.: 1:)lultiplc ,n:ltchint;t

~ 1: ')luhiplc choke
Part 4: Mba.'t.I(.juCIIlionli
1i"~1I1l infumlt1lion;
Pnn .,
1)CS('rlhio1t :1J\illl:ll~ Rnlcpl:.),8: disou.... .;iOIl
~C""."rcpou
9%:1: 1: \Iullrplc In:lt('hing
P':1I1 2: ulank fillin~

Ex:uu infunll<lli(.t: P'J.n 2
Ot'S('ribing people
Info"l11<lIlol1 )o!::'I'
1.c,..11cr of :Jpplk:lIion
Ih=: '2: ~uJlipl .. choice E- mionrunion: Pnn 2
Debate Pares 3 &

&dl~I~~lon
~1:lg:t7.inc :,nidc
.j;
l~lil'\"'o!1.task
EX:lm information
Contents Unil
(irJnln,ar
and m:>gk
"oc.. 'ahul:1f)'
F.)(.tn"''"w,,,, \\,Ih sJt,."
It
U"" of 1:11111;"h
I'.ut J Tr:lmfotn~,~ P.ln s~ Word fUfnuliun P.lft L ElM c,'","-"'t'tun :(:lIU Inrnrm..'IH)f1' P;lrt 5
12 The po.....
or d,rean1S
I'XI~ 100
1C"'JKHh.:d "1""......_1,&
f\.1XA..,1 clut"Siom
dnv""
Phl".I\.1l \\..'th,. 'Ailh /.Hf'1}:
13 GuudJes
riot,,\.,
110
illld
haddles
Ul'llIIivl'd:III"C:'
(;,1.. ",..
l'III':'"ul "',h:- \\'ilh /(,L'(,
{~'(' r,.'",n,kl ...iIlO.lith'c

I$(~I"ust'll III I -III/.!
P.1I1 ~. ~"'ld (utnl,uilln
f'.111 3: 'rtl'f\~nl'fl1:Jlit)ll'" P.I'" I; l;;trnr c,'nn\'(:Uon
141V'Imcs
1 5 'rhe
1'Uj.. .... 11M
\'t"It"" Inf:km,t'd I", infin.,\ v tw ""8 fOf"Ol (_n'antJ)
F.II~_
cnd of illlf!Uigcncl('l 11(. .\n~In. rCltlil" (I), fUlun:Mmpk', /.:0("# tv, 1lt\~'111 (._ontinllQ(l~. 11,,,,')o4,,'nl ..hlll1le
T.:~t:\ '{tOn l'hrJS;l' ,,,Th.~1\... h ,,",1' "hrbll ''''ff,-", (nw.,-nlt S4. ~'Ik" & Il'\:hnofo,..'y Phr,l\.;11 \\'thlt tn.'\'ic\\'~
1';111 l <'>I~ncleac Pan ~\ TrJn!'lomlill inn'"
(l-I)t'-'
16 (i.c.M:'dluck. ba<l
I);I~l!oi
look
(" ..),,, .lIllon.ll, . ( II; zero.firSl ... ~ ~~"Orx.I
''u1.I',,:1I \\'Ih" \\lIh du &

"Uj~'t'
17 \l'onh
:I Ihous:uxl words
\",,-Llt
\\!'fI)o..
II t: c"'lj~itlr\
('AlUnl:ahl ... A UCk'uun1.II"_c
1"'~I'1
& fk ...I. ..... 1l)
no."" Colour "J... ,....

Odd
111'-" 0,11
l.<">IlCn 4..'1",,,,: I"Jn 1 \Iuthpk_, hnil" linzc

'''..rt
"httl,,11 ,-,.r!,.. "bh au & oj)'
18 0"" ~tn;IUstep
I);I~' ISl
I\nul\." lotln ll). (.. ture

~'rf\"'1
-tmpk-,
(UIUn.:
IX'ril"'"
"(l1lllI'lUI .. I....
Pr~l\s, ..~ ..utll'(c~ lhr.I".I' \'l'fh:c w Ilh )!t'l
1'11'\.1'" ,'4,'llinuuu:-
19 From l""'otgS to richQi

I"'IMI-' IHl KC"'h.~\:Vnit" l7-19 l(lK
!"XI)<.'\."
Ctllll.lklQC\"lo;
,\hld:.1 ,,,'ft"" fl..; ~'\_-nalnly

~ ...... (\lbl.Jn
(1)
tl ...rd & mcccd
'hnl"'~-c""''''........
Phr;NI \ ",ho- \\.llhJ(n
Ia:-In.... Tf'!In~onll:lIi<n< 1>:-1" \ \t'twd fOnn;llll., P:ut t; error c,om."\llun
20 An A,tu:rican
1),I)ot\'
drcalll
I-q
\'cth~h"'~'cd h}' inliniEh'l,; \\ ilh or \\';lh,,,11 1(1

(,icl1)nd~ (.111):
rl)"n.")
Hr_hh K Au..'r,c,-.a" I:n}tlb.h l'hn' .... I' \ lrI,"! \\,1111pili
1';"1 ': ""ofd ((..,I-.;Uwnl II:". I; F.rT(Il','(I1Y!.'\.I;CJ,'
21 Ilul:ll ... races

PoI,...c I-~
l)l""l'lh'n~ a "'''_~lllCnl'\. of
\.'"\<'tU'"
Split. Ph~ ..al
1':ICl 3. 'rr.ln,k.rnl.,livl1 ...

\'l'IN f~(l('Jt)
l.anldo,JI.\.~ {'(Jhlra.. ..unJt AA-:as
1".1nI En'U'lVITl..'l.liurl '''.1n' \X'onI ',,",,:&Iil.'
22 Uolkb},"",:a~ h:ad ("_'W"

)"our hcaJth
r'I"'f\,..... ,J:, "bo'......; .'.t ~IS

1",,,""""1
1f1ll'l(b) ..
r..... "JI
,';In .\
\\'tltd...
f\.,,\
Tr.III..tUf"'kI1iOttS
f\J)t'C" l:-.n
Pf.,...t.,,' 'c~ 4'
~ ""',,mg)
1'.In 2; Otk'll
c,_iozt..
ic" ,
j):lIot'" ll..'t
Cotnmul1lcallvc acdviti('s P:'j::t.' 11)6 UC1IlS liu"ll,lc :t.l.",wct' ShCl'\ei JXIs.;!.:201 Conllnlu:11'f'Cvlc,,' Jl:l.q.._. 10i
Phrns::d YCm dk..1h1na.ry Word lis, pl1s." 231
Contents
Rco,ding
Pan L ;\1u1fir": nl.llc,lun,c:
Listening
P"oln. ,~ \\1lich. .spc:lkcr said what
Speaking
InI'orliuliun gap {)reI,(nh.nn .. p;linlin~
P;atL .. j & I PAi,..,,," l;a.o,k
Writing
N;arrJb\C COIUPO:SitJon
Exam inrorm.u.ioo
&dl~~
1",1111: Klank fillin"
P;;lI1l pt""o,:ra ph~ 11.111 ...' & ,. Il;l''''M ;,'\dl~'U. ..... ".,.,
Ia..'"
Pan 1. ~luhil)ll:
nUlt
hlnJ:
1'3(1 2: RLlnk rilllnlt 1';'(1 .J: t.lultipfc 1I1.1IC,-'hhl)! SpokCfl EOJ-!IL'i.h ''',In 1: ~lulriplc choice nc~rlhin)l objea.'i
P:ut I, 1)(_r'ltwl.Ill.nf'onn:lIjoo Parte j K i' P:lirn'Ofk r:ask & "1'('U~Ck'wl
Optnlcn (-'Onll)l.blllOll
I~un inrlltll\lllon
RCj)Ol1
.~lJU ull"oemnlcu
Pan y. \Iullipic n13cc:-h10): SpoI.<'fl r"lllWl
Qut....unnoul'\
r>N.'U, ... ."
\lapDnC :ande TrJR.._;o:.cuonid iec:lt.'f

& (.."'Ctm donn:uOl
P:an 2: RI.lnk fiLlin,: P:an 1: ULlnk f1l1ln}t
tk~y.)jnJ: p.u''lC10l:S
InrOO1\.111011 ~I"
",In 3: f!.tulrTpte lu::uchhlY,
l)lIn.. ~ K' '1: Pnlrwork la,k ~ "'IX'I~~lun

I )"",u)'.."lOn
Part 1 ~lultlpl..: nt..lh.hln,c: Part 2 \ttllhpt..:..... IIl>iC\!
P.ut 'I: ~(uhipk c,'hok"C
1'<.IrI.' .' & I; I';aim'orl.. u..J. So tI""'lu~ k,,"
tnfunnollcttcr
Ex;,rminf'omuuon
r,1f1 2 Ih("(~r.tl"h .. 1)e...c,lbln~ Jt.1I1 ... t\
Part 2: Phul(_l}tnll)h.'I P:ltl +.i \'f.. ,j: Prnrwork rask ~ diM~I.'~IHn
teller
or dC:;('ffplion
& l:X;UU In{oon:uiou Tt:Ul$.Il,iul):d lcucr
*Exam
"f11lS is :10
information
overview of the five 1~1()('cs ill rhe Cambridge Pirst Cl~nifiClh: in EI1~li~h t.,x'llnin;ttivn. FOI'II'VI\' ilil'C)rlll:tLiun aodnps t::u.:h 1~1(1 of ('~II.:hPaper. scv the exam boxes in the unit:.;.
Q,'
Paper 1 Reading I hour 15minutes

Ahu: 10 h;.'>( y ..an- :thilil)' 10 n.~ldin a v:uil'I)' of \\'I)'S: 1\':.1din~ for gi"'1(If for derall, undcrstandfng how a text i~ organized and deducing meanlng from Ihl! ("UOleXI. I'art J I\hlhlple marcntng (he-adings Or SU1I'un:ll)' $(,,)1(-',)('(,'$) (exam box p S)
Paper 3 Use
or English
I hour):;
minutes
Aim; It> I<..'!it your kunwledge and :Ihilily 10 usc ~ranlll\:tr :uld \'(X;:IlIbry, Part 1 I\-Iuhiph,: chotec croec Icxam box p "'i)
or
Part 2 Open ctozc (exam box P 9,0

P:lrt 3 Ke)' word It:l11Sf(l(ln~lIiotlS (exam box J) 86)
P;,,",2 ~fuhjplcchoice (exam box p 93)

Part 3 Gapped lext (sentences or p:.r:lgr:tph$) (exam box p 17) Part 4 ~Iultipll,!IU:ll(:hing (inronn:ltion) (exam box p 51 Number of qll<.~'1ion.s: 5; l.cngth of texts: 350-700 ''''01'<1:1 per 1'::<.1 Types of rcxn advcnisemems, Jeuers, stories, brochures, V-lIkl1.":, manuals, magazlnc and newspaper :.u1i,d~ I\OS\vcring: you wlll mark your answers (til ~Iscpnrmc answer :.h'-."\.1 11 fdlin~ in the corrco. 1()7.Cr18c
(St;C
Part...
Enorcorrection (ex.un box P 55)
Part 5 \Vofd fornuuion (exnrnbox p 11)4) Nluttbc-r of qUC~tiOllS:65 A.n.,"\vcrlng: ynu will write )'(>llr answers on ;1 :i4:paral1.' answer :-heci either hy \vrilin~ :1 \\'urd or a sllOI' pttrnsc. ur by Ililing in till' correct lozenge (see P lOU;;), ~t:lrk.~!qucsnons in JJ~ns: 1.1. ,i :'Illd '5 :'II'e\VOI',h (1111;' mark. Questions in Part 3 :U\' worth {\V(J In:~r",.;;.
Paper -i Listening 40 minutes

Aim: 10 h::SIyour :Ibilily 10 listen and unders1:lnd the .'Iis" the main points, .spt;(,.iflt;in(onu~ILion or lO (k'(lu('(' IllC'lIling, Part 1 i\lultiple choice (exam box p 37) Part 2 NOI!; taking 01'blank (illkl)!, (CX:Ullbox P 87) P:,rl 3 l\luldplt: Inatchin~ (jnfol'lnalion) Icxmn box I) 53) Part 4 Se(ecrinA Imm f\VO or mree p~sihlc :In))'''1.'rs: Yc:-o/~(}.Trut"/I-':II"c.,rnutrtple choice. \vhkh speaker said ,,'Iv.11 (exam box Jl HI) Number of qucstfonss 30 Types of text: IHoflok;)gue ...01'short dialogues Answering.: )'V1Iwill write }'U4.lt answers OU;1 separate answer sh(:1.'L1.'llIl1.'J' by \voting a word 01' a :,:hl)l' phrase. or h)' filling in Lhe 4..ViYCC.'I 1l)7.l'n~c (,sl.'!t:J) lfl-4). ;\1arks;: eadl que-:.lioll is \\'orlh 001.'m:lrk,
r> 201).
(\t3rk.~:questions in P!lrts t, 2 and Questions: in Pnn 4 nrc worth 01\(' Paper 2 \'Vtiung
3 are
111;U'k,
1\1011htwo uurrks.
1 hour 30 InlnU1CS
Attn: (0 Ie.q yo" r ahilifY If> wmc dilfcrcru type."or tesr. II is paruculnrly imponanr 10 show YOlU' ;lhililY 10 write for a pantculnr reader and to achieve your purpose in "'riling,
Part 1 Transactionnllerter (exam boxes PI> 22 and l10)

Part 2 00<'" lask rtOm a choice (')t' r()\Jr. Os)livns in(,.1\luc; ;11\:1I'lide (t!x:tO) boxes 1)1)3M and 96) a n:por( (CX:Ull box",,!,, rp 30 and '1';3) :tn opinion con1pcll"ition (ex:ln1 boxes pp 57 3nd 125) :1'lnrr.nivc cOltlpo:tiliol'l (l,:X:U\\bONd PI' '14 :lnd 107) ad~riptl\'c cOIlIpositiul) a lenel' (esOl!)) hose...:; )p 4S, In and 192) :'I c:'I:-:kon 01\e 0( (he set rt::;lding (<,,'),:ts: (c.x:unbox p 73) Number of quc:,"stions; 2 length or writing tasks: 120-100\v(l(ds Ans,vcrin,g: )fOO\viU 00 gl\>'(;'n " bookl .... l in \",hi<.'h10 ,,'rile
)'.11' al~'\'(._"fS..
Faper 5 Speaking
14 minllc~(approxin13tcly)
1\larks: hOlh (Jut:slloos;Ire \\'onh (ht; :-;:une Inarks.
Aim: to {CSIyour :lhllILYto U.O/;C you, sJ)uk\.n 1:1I1i!,tI:tftc sl<llIs (.>ffecllvel), ill differenl ryres of h'll.ra("1ion, Pare 1 (.'(.1',.0;01):11 il)fonn:1lir)l) (ex:lfn b(>x p 10) Part 2 Talking :Ihout photogr:lph ...(ex:un box p 24) Part 3 1');ljr\VOrk lask (exanl box p 63) Pllrt 4 l)i... Ctls:;ion(ex:"n hox p (3) An,werillg; }'Otl \villialk hOlh to the cXanlinel and 10 Ihe olhc;.,-(urKlld:n .... A s('('ond exanlhler \\'ill a,v,)::.)'ullr $1~lklng 1)\11 \vill noc join in (he (,Ol\\'er.:;:u;ou, 1\larks: you \"ill be ~iVlm :1 !'nark 13\.'1\\,,,:<,,'11 0 :Ind 5 for your perI'Of'II't:ln('C lhroughout the IC:oq in ,he loUmvillg uPo'a$:gr.lllllnar :lnd \'oc:thul!lry, profl\lnci:Hinn. f1\I1.~IK'r and :lbiJiLy10 131.:-.: )):tn in (''Qn\'c;'1~:ttion.
'*
Twenty common questions about the exam
1 '1b:c Is tbe pass .nark?

Tllcfe is no ah50hne ~I.:JS fll:Itk but 4::ln~id:JII . 'sneed to gd :aboul ~ nf lhe 101:.1 marks to fA'I; \.vilh :l Cr.Kk- C. 2 Are tbe P:lpt. .... eq .uy Important? f.;t(.tl or the five PHI,....I':!Is \VOf1h >10marks (2()lfI of
12 Whal happens
I{we ",rile
",TO possible
4.n8wni (or
tbe ~c
,.0.
t,
quatlon In P:apcr 31 If bolh eoswers sre correct, )'Uu ~'t the- ,":utc; if UO\' rlM\\~ b \"'ron"- no mart 1$gi\'t."n.
Arc (,'ontr'.w:tloIl8like dlltH" countc:..-d w._~one or
II>< '0Ct1). 1 Do we ba,-e

10 pass all the Papers to pas the exam? '0.- Your fin:11grade i. .. based on your tOll;l'5COl-e (rom 1I fh'e 1~l'et$, so you can do b:t(Uy In one paper hut ~ up fOc" il by doing helter on :a.nochcrpipe.. 't.
two ""'otds in d\e key word (J'aII5(orrn:ulons Pal><" 31

Co.nrJ(.1,joClSdo noc
CXMJ(M. us
00
one
l. .. 'ord,
so did" 1
would counr as ""0 word$: "It/and IIrH, (NOH,:: counte as one word, COllllul.)
",,1"
,~ Is thcrc any bilckground oolsc OOlh< .,...sen.
.. Caa 1lIrC: write on the:qUCSli.on papu1 'lie.. bul )~II' notes \"\'111 nellbe marked. S 00 we write In pencU or Ink? Fer P>pt'fS I. j.n<! 4. ,...,. peociI. In P!lpc.T 2 )'W em .Jo your rccgh notes in Pl"flClI.but the final ::t.n.nt.'\.., must
In the Il",tenlog paper? 11k."I"t." Illay he M)CllC sound effeCfS at the lJ<:wnning, hut
fl(J(
during the .!i~3ktOM.
IS ,.....,.u four Pans of the &poalUnl tcs' ~
~ .. ink.
y"".
16
c- I use dcktl,,&
:loa .. II><
wm there
alway, be two clILnclJdat_C8 In the
....arct (Papentl I, 3 and of) ),OU should nO( use IIP1>e,;, 1n tbr ."'tIling leM 11is better to cross 0\11mistakes neatly
"'1""" inVQMng 3 <OmpUlL'fIZed""''''.."
OuIdItlppex?
spuklns leo,?
U~,l~ny.yes. If there lS :Ii problt.-rn :uranglng "'''0 candldatcs at the ~I\lne lime. the lest In:lY he done on
one-to-one basi.;. 17 Are C.pdlda,cs (rom the samesc:hoot In !he.pcakJns ICSt? put totre-tber
t'
a:mt ."1'1lethe word :ag;Jin.

- .baJ>IK'M If I fill In the lUU"I"'" sheet wn>fl8ly.
.. ~
ccamplc by fiIIlng I.. two ....... lfICS(or the C"CIDpWcrwill

$JX)C.
~quaiUonl
U..: mtseake In<.l your paper Mil

addreiiS on thor letter
po~slbly, but in lurge cenll'Cs <yo4.1 "lay hc with ~l candidate (rool tll"lOCher school. 18 000" c:andlcIaO<s In the ~ Ie&! who know each other IltatK1. better chance than lWO
andldatc!ll who lire stra~' No. ConlDlOnic:utlol\ can be tC~H.'d jU$t a.~ wen beaweee
-e do<cked IIIdo, kJually

DID WIlt: eeed to write an
.......
In
" .!OU do.nee

..., 1IIIDO.. -ill ~ ~ -' ~
22
)"Ou will he wa$lIn~ IUnC and space, lose moltk.~ if you do \\'1'U' an ackI~
;u."l
_......,
.<aaID?
"" d 'l' _
be wpi<:5.ul,able for youns people In
""""gelS as 1><:",...". r_ 19 _. happens In !be spcaldns ..,.. If ooe c.ndld.,e

tallcS Q loc and the other o.nc:Is :& bit "by? The cX::lminer wil! make 51.11'\:you boc.hStI' a (air ~huncc to .spc.":dc. Make: MJte you usc the oppoctuniry to de,notUtr.ne wh.,t you Q.n cJo. 20 Where are lb. pape,.. OUIrked? Ap:ut from the .speaking 1t."$C. all papers :afe matkt."CI in !he Uni,ed K,ngdom by .,xperienced examiners.
is ~ people who ::are m..e.en :and i::u ;I kx d )"UU"8'-"' Cl"di<:bU~S ftWlage veT)' _ .. P:lpt'fS.
rOt
_ .. -= 0IeC.d tOugh pa~r?

ddWldy ,_. !(lUgh1'3PC<(0< P.prrs 2 .n<! O<ed CSJr.I "",~h 1'3"' .... pul your h.od up aod
__ -':.supe1\ LiOOr
ror ~le
more,
..... ~ ican spelling 01" VOCQbuJ.ry ,.raul' ... aI. ~.o.J do use ,AJlk-n.."an EngrWt or OIk"l"
_ ........ ..uu should uy IC)be con.'~lent.
Yabba dabba doo

Tense review
Speaking and Reading

1 Work in pairs. Student A, descnbe the poctureon this page to your partner. Student 8. describe the pictures
on page 12 and 13. How many slmllaribes can you iindl Talkabout what the ~pl. look like. how old they are, where they are. 2 Now quicklyread the text Rtrl SLJt:f.nd answer these
questJons
Exam practice: Part 1

~n Part 1 of the reading exam. you ha~ to match headings or summary sentences to the parts of the text.'-rhls type of exam question tests your ability to read quickly and understand the goneral meaning 01 each part of the text,
Reid the headings or summary se-ntcncti se you know what you are looking lor, Underline the
key words. words or Id.. , that go with the headings or summary sentences. Underlln. the key words, Don'tread _ry word of the text carefully, Don't panic if you see words that you don't know. You don't have to understand ~ry word 01 the text to be able to answer tht questions. Check your answers at the end.
R.. d through the text quickly, 1ooI<ing for
Wh:u on: ~'" ~oopIe in the pictu.u <:011.,&

2 Wh;,u ls tik:ir n..+.u.;'onship?
j In which
rei'
did
they finn
QPpc.'Qr on TV?
3 Choose lhe most suitable
heading from the list A-H iOf .. ch part (1-7) of the text. The", ISone extra h.. ding which you do not need to use, A Rocky JOk<'S 8 t\ Stene A~ f:unilyin ~ki.n~
C A new Idea o A popular show t:: Success ~ulilt: eleventh
hoer
F The Ul( .. ~ cspcn~iveshow

G AI' old :-.tory. modem problenu
H OoiJ~ 501\\(,' Ilt.lu,(",,urk
Unit
* Rock Stars *
M
CCllhC Flint-stones. :1 modern Stone Age family, From the 10\vl1 of Bedrock, here's a bil about their
history. Snruh .Pebbles' Bums tells the prehistoric story.
Somewhere in the workt. every hour or every day, The ~ Ftisnstones is being broadcast. An incredible 300 million fans rune in to watch it I'cgulal'ly. Whether you like them or nor, Fred. wilmu :lUU their neighbours. Barney and BellY Rubble. are impossible 10avoid. Recently. all 166 episodes were broadcusr non5101) on relevision across the USA. NUl bud for .1 cartoon which was badly received by the crlrlcs 011 us first run 38 years ago.
Slone Age gadgets and endless jokes abou; rocks. which is why the Flirustones' neighbours got 10be called 'Rubble' and why they all live in 'Bedrock'. Fred Flintstone's 3S famous yell- 'yOlbb:a dabba doo' - wasn't originnlly in the scrip t, Il was the man behind fred's voice. Alan Reed. who made it up. During recording he said to Barbera. 'Joe. where it :-;;lYS "yahoo", can I S:IY instead "yabba dabba doo''?'
I 81
Cartoonists Bill Hanni. and Joseph Barbera
:U'C the
men
Joe Barbera explains the cartoonists" detailed preparation; 'we researched into prehistoric times. learning about the animals and other natural CICHIC-IHS and surroundings chnructeristic of that period. All this helped in the creation of the series.' Hanna adds: 'It was originally called The Flagsumes, until we received n letter fr0l11;1 canoooist 15 wbo already had a comic strip of that nmne. Reluctantly, we changed it 10 The FIi,".'i{t)II(!,\'.
4()
responsible for 'fire
Fltntstones. Screen Gems approached them in the hue 1950$ with the ide.. of producing an
.; animated prime-time programme, It had never been done before, bULwith the fast growing popularity of their Quick Draw I\'/c(irohl and Huckleberry Hound. the canoonists gave it a go. It was a decision they were never to regret
I~
Story lines were based on other 'rv series rtOOUI families,
They decided to create :1 family :..nd give them the same _ problellls :'IS conicmpornry suburban families, but with -omcihing very different about them. 'Bill and I invented \)x different families. however, none really pleased us, > recalls Barbera. 'We drew them as pilgrims. Romans. E..cmos.CO\\TOOYS and everything imaginable. Then nil .:!l'\i~tcame up with a sketch using leopard skins on ~eandel'hal-lype chnracters.' says Hanna. 'That was ir, Th:u's whnt ViC warned tbcm to look like.'
and many episodes depended Oil audience fears. like. unemployment and the denusr, Plemy or modern day ;0 characters mndc an appearance too. like the actor 'Stony Curtis' and the conductor 'Leonard Bcmstonc'. Rock Hudson did nor, 01' course. have to change his name. and one day the ranlous American president 'Bill Clirustcoc' is bound to make an appearance.
is Armed with the new cartoon family, Barbero SCIon' 10
"""ben they threw an average married couple into a Stone L~ environment. Drawing the characters with everyday JeClSwasn 'I funny, SO they tried stone and other r:thi.ld.orie muterinls. 111C result was a whole IOL of clever
New York to try and sell the Ideate (I TV network. It \\,;1S hard work and the series caine close 10 never being made ill I'll. Aftcr eight weeks of hard sell. still no one was interested. btu an 11001' before Barbera was due LOfly 60 home, ABC looked til it. They look 10 it at once and agreed to broadcast the show On 30 September 1960. the firsL episode 'vas shown. Most of the reviews were negative, some even hostile. bUIthe viewers absolutely loved it Since then it has been translated into 22 languuges and has 65 been seen in nearly every country in the world,
* Yabbadabba doo
4 Re.1d the text about the FhntstO<1eS again. for questions 1-7, choose the correct answer A, B, C orO. \Vh:u
is
5 Deode whethEr the,e statements are true Of false

according 10 tlse text Hanna and Barbera had never produced u 'tll'ccllo.... ful cartoon hefore Ttu: !'lIu{j(OIl(!s. 1 1hc.' succoe...of the FIiIlISIOIU',( " due ul:lin)y 10 Hnnna and B:lrhcr.1. j 11.101'10.1. .md n:ui)I!r:1 were not keen on the name 11/(' 1,1',U$lolles.
Tbe CUSIOlllC(is :ll\\':t)'., nJoth
surprlslng
:lhu4.11
71,(!j'U,,'SIOII('S'
~U{'Ce$S?
,\ It ts 011 1V I!\'cr~'d.IY. B Everyonelik~ n nO\'':l(l1)~. C 1111: cnucs didn', IIk< II ;u 0"'1.
o
1
All of
me cpecce ...\\'':1'1.' ..Jl()\\'n in one dar.

71le F1flllq(JU~ronk' .Ihutll'
Ilu\\ did
A They had appeared In Clclk:1'<... noon:-. II It was a popetar kil:;1 \\ilh viewers, C The producers \\ anh.. xl .a ""one AJott.! cartoon.
I) Hanna and B;)m.:r.. choulttu Hf the idc.~1 j \Vh)" did Hanna and U:ltbcl~' cboosc :1 Slone A~~
Speaking
Exam practice: Personal information
In Part 1 of the speakjng exam, the examiner will ask you to talk ebout yourself. He/she may ask you questions about: - your jobfstudies what you do in your free time - your plans for the future your family where you live As you enter the exam room. greet the
ftunil)>?Because
A ~one Age r>t.. OJ))\:hild prnhh .. 'IHS nke ours n the othess diu" I look rilthf C iI was the first idc~dt.tl t..lltlC lO (hCIIl. n Ihey saw 'iOIllC'()nc \\'\:".Iriog Nc)f')C~ costume.
\\'h do the names Rubble'.OO 1Jednxk h3"C in l'\.)fnmon?

A 'l1l(!) arenl~lnl to be anlU""J(
H They are peebisroric In:ueri.lls C 'J11Cy arc everyday ohjcct."Ii,
examiners. Bepte pared to give your name to the examiner,

Listencarefully to the examiner's questions and answer them as fully asyou can. look at the examiner when you ore speaking. (Don't look at the floor or up .1Ihe ceiling!) Speak dearly so thaI both examinerscan hear you, Try to be calm and Cheerful,
o They
:1(<;: Ssone
Age g.ldj.tt'I:o..
S 'J11e Stone :\ge (311lilics A Ih 1...0 happy Ih'C),

Ii were quite frightening C h<Kl modem problem< o \\ en: taken fromocher
'IoCttc~
b \\"h:lt was the reacnon 10 1tM:tiN cpioc()(le? A Some critics 10\,(."<1 11 n Sosuc cri1iQ; did O(~ like if C some viewers were n~;lIlve. I) Few critics liked ii,
, The main puJ"(>08(' o( rhe nl1lfk l\ 10
II dc>cribc ibe J><'OPk behind me /71""I<Jllf.'S. 8 describe tbe origln uf 11t/! fl,,,lS/Qll<'S C ~hO\\how difficuh it is (0 succeedin 1'\'. dc>cril'" "'" hislor)' 0( can",)",
10
Unit
I;en:
with a partner and ask and ans",.,r the q<re5lJans. c oet,
."lk.'n: he she is from. parents do. ~t he: l\hc: c:njoys 1)10:-t al"lO\lC \vork/l'oludk::,'."lul h\:/..he does in his/her tree Illue. _; "hn :lOrl or films he/sbc watches. Ii )\\ often he/she 8()1;!.~ 10 .hl:' clnemu.
2 What IS!he diffelenc:e between the words In ex~cise I? Complete these pairs of sentenc:esUSIng the correa form of one of the words in each space.
a ClnCfn:l __ loved the movie h ,\111110110: 0( __ switched On their
- rut hi~' her
.l
'rv $(:15 to \VouChthe vlcctlcn results. The lawyer asked the \Villlt!")'o \vh;11~he could
__ :.lx)ul the aocidem. .n)11,llIjI,
h 1'01 al\\J)'2t torgentng things. J ju.., ~ln't __
'/ocabulary
-::n words from lostA with words from lIStB that ~ a similar meaning.
B
:S
'1
J \Vc: In" .......op poUuong the __

.1
h '\hC' WC" up in ,,~. comfortable __ J $,:1) __ pf\::)idll,'nl. lm wre
.'e'",
'
people
famous
brO:ldC:ll'ol
"ill 'Qle ((K him again h \\'hen her phceo appeared on the {ronl fXlflc ur .111 the I1C\V~p.tJx.-n;,she became cvenuglu. S " 'n", IlIlC __ .11 over the world.
h '111('Olin "':L~ ill'S! __
rc:o.lh,I), :11thl' C:lnl'lll~ J:illn
change
conl<:l1lpnl':I') vie\\'CI'o
(, ~I 111l1'hve hl an old, __ c$(t~lJtC In Ih~ coonl,)'. h The ship lUI some __ and sank
rock
make ho<Iile
Cinema
3 Put lhe words in the box under the folloW109heacings connected wilh the cinema: - kinds of fIlm - people - other WOlds screen western director musical ClSt
C":lnOOI1
remember create
enyironln\:1')1
M'cnc h~uTor
sccnano
SCript "itar ,tUIU man writer
produCe'f (.'rille comedy- adventure pcr(ont\lInce 'Undlnek
_._
4 Complele these senteocesusmg one of lhe words from the box abov@ in each space.
There nre l'I4H"IS'" in nearly eVeJYscene. h'_sjUM thc kind of 011111 like best. There's nothlnSt like u good 2 r think they l'>ho\lkl have ell! Ihe: OJk1linM __ . I, wae :1 l'N1ring '\,;]y to 1)L'Sin the film. 3 J don't think the star actuall) ;UlTlpc..-d du,)ll~h the ""U~, it fnu~ havebeen done ~, J __ ' 4 Audll.......... "ef}",-here Im-c her films, pClrticubrl), "'hen she pIay,) the lead rolC", She's .1 born __ ' 5 A __ dc-cnbe, the :lction Ih:1I ukn pLI('''c in :a tiln1, whereas me __ t.. \\'h:H the :aCtors ~y, 6 She's a ,,,uocle,ftll __ ' She knows IK>\Y to get a Stood _ out of her c..... 1. 7 J'i (he _ 0( the film on CO? I'd love 10 have (he
mustc !u home to hsten to.
_'
11
,.. Yabba d.lbba doo
Grammar
Tense review 1 Matchthes~ tenses with the sentences below
pr(.;."Cnl ,..huple past ",ul1plc
ptt:""':1ll Ill'rfC.-c.1 "'"Ipk:
3 Complete thl~ lext USIngthe correct torm 01 me verbs

In brackets.
I (I __ c,) to the ('ItWfT1:t C'\~ sinc.-e1 "'a'; a cluld, hUI I r.lfelv (1) __ (Jt0) 10 Sl."'C (_'JI'tOt.Hl'. In (.let, 1(3' __ (ntK.I~-':) a (.Ifluun (01' .lh("11 n\'C }C':U':o, 11",,1:I'Illhue I (4) __ C:.e;",,) ;"1 cnnoon ut thc fifk;lll:awas when l (;) __ uake) OlYtwo ~"
who (6) __ (be) 00" l\\'cl\f,: }C'.. n. old, 10 ecv \"tall (\)C)
pcrtcct <t;lIupie future ,111,)')1" (tr;ll)

p:l--.t
present continuou," llI.l..t L'Ocuinu,ou", r--...-;tn( 1:x..-r(I,'(1 ('OOllnuuu:-. fXl'" perfect connnueu ..
the- umc
DI..rK.1'~ Fu"lthUI 1lky (-) __
only ~\~n at
soillg 10 A ,slt;11l1-lcrnpprcachcd nit: nud asked lur (1 Ji,Alu. 2 Pt.'(",.,r,, h.:I~f: 1)t.."t:'11 '\\'J.h.hin~ 1'\' Mrn.:'C 11M..' tc).~
,lOti ..0 the)' (8) __ (look) fOJ"\\ .1I'dIn seeing a t';al1oon at the c.:inCIII.',
I'll {Un"," R)\Ind and sev yuu ,hi .. e\"enio},t .. Tbev :u~ bro:u:k::t.~ln~rbe match li\ C. ; t h,_ld never -ccu Thc' Fllu/JItJnc\' before. 6 ~lilli()I""of people have '1.:1.:" 111e 1-1i"I,'iIt'''(~ on 'rv.
j
'I hOIX'lhH (9) __ (ht') ~oud,' -.;aid Ton}, '. (In, __ (\\~lnt) some roke and popcorn' ~.jd Terry. 'OK, OK. I .... ud. J (11) _ C~1'~QJ ,()Ilk" (ukc .fnd pOJXum U\II k.-t ~ go, or we (]2) __ (I"," ta..~II "(\"35the 111 ... 1 thnc I ()j) __ (mkc) the OO)'s 10 the
cinema. \~'c.'CII) __ (go) to the tbcatre IOMcthcr hcfOfc, hut never to the (,'In''fU.l I (l~) __ <l.. )')
- ~Ir cI.ld I\.'U.,us "--'!Illy i'unn)' l'otories.
8 l hsd been \';ltching ", JII 4 ..'\cn~ 9 Me)'..:\\ OJ' \\cati~ a new ..... in :1.1 ,~ ~U') 10 \\'e're ftOU1" 10 M..'C 77,c/lt","'Oll(!$ 311he c,"1nen'kl
lunl~)u.
2 Choose the correct tense in lhese sentences.

I c.ntl C."lInC10 lilt: phon!: - llta\,e. rill
hJ'
!Jl()"~ 2 J vc deeded I \villt I'm gonlH1!! he an :.H.-,orone d:I~'. j I flnblk."lL rve fin ..... I14,.'lI In) dmner. Can t go out
1)0\\
'"S a
lhc1n scene t'Ylkcand popcom .1... 1(16) __ (pronu",,",. \, the) (1-' __ (\\.lle._il)tI~filln Ilk.') (18) __ (( nlo",h) thctr pc>p."()(O 001,d), ;:II"xl ,.urped rhe.t coke, \'\'1...' (19) __ (otlIY,\\,11Ch) the film (or ten rnlnutcs or ... 0 when Ton)' (20) __ (ti.I)') In;. loud \ ok..: hi, 1110\uh full 01 popc..rom,"rhi'l 1:0. hunng! 011 the M'n.,,n:n (hal monleOI .10 ort:hcoqr,l (ll) __ (pI;a) 3. pk.'\.'C of c~ical mu.. ..k. thcn: had been no \ ioll..'OI.'C Jot! no one had .1J)J)I.ar\.... \\ i1h a 1:1""."r gun Yef, Is Ih~11 \vhy Ihey didn'l like II"
> I \\,.ttc.lu... d I '"as \,\.ltt,._hlng1" when "","kh,.'nl~ the Iclcphul'k" r;tng. 5 :'hc ItI4)k\."Ci,She ha~ looked tovcfv. S~ \\.1:0.
I
\v~I'in~le~
:l 10.,,1.:, red
dr~~,":-
6 Before I \".:01
10 LOlld!)fl I hJcI Ill."\t!t' Ix,,;",!l h:lve
n~\\.... I... '\.'n ~Ibror:ld helot\.' - Coree In! I Iud iUS( 1)l."Cn ~.lding r\'t! JU~ 1M.-'\:'n I\.':JcJlnH Ih:lt book )'OU ~;I\ C O\e, 8 II ha", 11h~ldbeen min1llS:; nil nlghl and in Ihe nlornin~ Ihe street:. \\'cn: flooded, 9 I h:.1u 1)I..'Cn \v:Jitulg/111.Id \".. ltt.-d ill Ihl."r:lln for ages
\\'ill:l\
,h ..... tinall)' lur",,'(1up
10 \\n..-n )ou'\"e finisl....... d yuu Iud lini:Jk-d ~Jling,an you \\ a~l the dishc,o.?
12
Unit
Vocabulary
Words often confused invent
\(rh
1'(.'nl
count
add
measure
calculate
subtract
3 Complete these sentencesusing the Catrect form of one of the words above.
Clo:<o,-' your eyes and __
10 len.
discover create
noun
1 Complete this table.
2 1'111 guing It) have myself __ ;\ \X'illil du )'OU ~..:t if yuu __
lor it I\C'\' suit. the 1\\~' figurc:-.
u~,th\'r~
<t \1) .Inllunelic
j.tct <l)
\\":J..o
never "cry good. wb,u

(roJn If)()())
do \'4.:
1\,",0
If \\'C __
)'l)\1 __
345
hO\\.
Can
nllKil II \\111 ('()'., 10 "jlend In do. I '1,,<tbc
"",,-ok.. to \tlfOrc-.t?
6 \\ hen I hd\ e diffirull __
c.;C)fHI')UCt'f.
2 Complete these sentencesusing the correct form of one of the words above.
I tlnl};1 IS one of the __
- 'ccwron __ of 'I11t' /11"'SIOII",\. ,l!.1':J\'iIY when .m :ll>pk: r(.'11 011 hi..;
OC'OIlOfl\H:
7 (In n (.iolh(."",...hop) 'Il] just rake YOtlf__
. )tilT:
Phrasal verbs and idioms

Jot 4 Find phlasal verbs OridiO<ns in the reading texl on page 9 that mean:
- cril..od ~nctb.in.{:. (paragraph 2) - tlKMIJth. c:lan ~ Of .;oiulion CfXlr.IW'".&J)h .i)
- \1'\"'.11(."(1 mvcnrcd (pll"'.1gf':lph I)
h".I(I
TIll' joto\t:rnJncot's
(
pol ... ) Ju~
p,,,hl\.."fll'. Tht- __ uf (he: \\:l... hm,g IlUlhln.. ha-, made pc... .pt..'.. t..,,"t..'1}-.:by Inoes easier. ~ Lnwrdo Vincl ,nadc: 111.10) "4"'rll.di~ __ . Tc"t..,\j ..jc)O \\a:-. __ b) John I 1$.111\1 In 1916
w.
- "':Int'd a ;oumc), (paragraph 7) -lik exl :o>onlt..1hin){ (p~lrJgrJph -)
Phrasal verbs with up

give up come up
catch up look up
make up
goup
take up
5 Complet! these sentences USln9 the correct form 01

one of the phrasal verbs above.
I I ciolfi tlCIJC .._",-c yuu: fm
w ht..,k. ",or)'~
9.l~ )"ou'\C __
lllc in
2 \\ I1I('h quc'llons do rou think :l1"C goUl~to __

the cxaut?
., If' )"OU__ a sport, it'll hell) )'OU Ithe \\'cl1(hc 1 I've __ smoktng hundreds of Iilll~:.! 11'10 really
C;ISY
~ The
leIHI)Cr.ltllrc~ __ today - r,n fl"t:llnJ,(110(. (, 1:11\\'.1)" __ difficuh word ... In Iht: diC1JOn:tI'Y. 7 If)"ou nuss lc. ... "it)n. s, ynu \\'ill have 10 11')/ and __ \\ Ilh the fc~ of the cbs:, btc....,.
13
* Yabba dabba doo

Listening
EKampractice: Part 1
1 8efore you listen, read the questions, What sort of ,nformation will you need to hsten fori Underline the key words in the questions,
Writing
EKampractice: Narrative composition
In Part 2 of the writing exam, you may be asked to
write a short story. The story could be written for your teacher, your (lass or the readers of a
mag8'!lne. You will
be given
either the thle or the
!li1You will hear people talking In five different
situallons For quesnons 1-5, choose the best answer A,80rC. Uo;.rcn 10 IhlS wonun jOb? 1:alklnJ(on TV \Vh:J1 15her
first or lost line of the story. The key to writing a good story is to entertain the reader by making
your story interesting and onginal.
Here are some tips on ,vOting a story.

Plan your story before you ~in writing by deciding what the main events of the Slory are. Divide your ideas into paragraphs. You should have at least three paragraphs.
Do not make your story too formiliin neutral or Informal language, style; use
A She i'i :I newsreader. B She is a 1V announcer. C She ts :. film critic.

2 YO\I hear a man I!llkillJC on the phone. where Is he
AOing_ Ihi.s e\'enlnw

A 10 the II 10 rbe
airpon
cinemo
r til!
C 10 a resuur.lnl
Bogin your story by setting the scene. Give some details about the main characters and when and where the story takes placo Use a variety of past tenses.
Use adjectives to make your story more vivid .
.3 1.1'14;." 10 these (\\'0 people (.lIking, Who are d1(!r?

A a lecturer and 3 ~udent II [\\0 frieods C :1 manager and a M.,.""('n:I:'I')' 4 You overhear (his nun talkln", to your nclghhour. 1\lrs \X/risdll. \\-hy Is he "hieing IlL'!'? A I It: ",. a nts (0 meet her hu..hand. B lie "":lOIS (0 meet her C lie wams to speak 10 ht,. ... rJlhcor 5 You hear 2 WOm:on does ehe do?
..
Use sequencing words. eg after some rime. as

soon as. meanwhile. Use direct speech to make your S10rymote lively. Mokc sure you bring your story 10 a definite end, Check your story for mistakes at the end. __ ---J
."
11un~.bU"I her ,00. \\'lul
A She is a direclOt',
U She L~ an actor,
C She L s nn histon:ul.
t.
1 COl11lllote these sentences uSing the correct form of one of the verbs below "' oach spuco k>ok see .find rtnSt wear
M)C)\\' ~~)
think
\\'a(ch
Q)'
3 How did you choose your answers? What clues did you hear?
()'"'Ide it __ J~,-it)' aod the house '\';15cold. 2 l __ lV .tll evening. when the u()orhcll __ . j I he' "!"anger __ n long. hlaC'k (,:O;U. I I __ never __ the 111:111 before in my lllc. ; '(.ood evening.' he __ In ., /KIfl coreewhh a
foreign accenr,
I> I __
only __
:I
shan \\hile.'
- .\ltcr I __ about Ir fot a momeru, I 1t.1. hlm in. nlanL. )00; he Slid. 1__ (or )'C)U for )"f'3N . 9 t __ )"tlU bst!
*"
:1'
~ sentences are 110ma story Work With a partner and dlscus what you think happens ,n the sto'Y,
14
Unit
::. '.ead IIloS question ""d a student ..
~='..erHas the student

'"! liPSin
followed the exam box?

a ..hort
ou
... ~. ~.
tu\C <.k"CKk.-d 10 cruet :'Cltnpt:liltOn l1le
I could "..,.,r hs"" gu.eetd wha1; wa. going ee happen ~htl~ winter evening,~ year& <'gO. Outelde It wae en&Mnghuvlly MId the houoe was coi<:l.1was .Ione and I had ~un w8~hlng al evenln9. when the door~efl rang.
"'mpt:Cltion
niles .,:1)' 111:'11 the InUSl end with dl(; .st!nlenC\.~
rv
'" In I bdk."\ C II ~~;1!~nur 5(01)' lor the
!(iipc,:tilioCl. You should
\vl'lh:
etwcen 120 and 180\\otd ..
Feelinga little friehtentd, I wen1;'" tilt fron1; door and called out, 'Who ~ It;> Thene wa~ no neply opentd the door &lowly. Throughthe thick ~now,I esw the ftgure of" man 9U1....lng In tht doorway. The 5tr"nger was weoring D long, black coat and I coukl ~t makt out hlo faa. I had never sun tilt man l>efore In my lif. - or 60 I though1;.
'Good evonIng: h. 98ld In II ,.,f1;voice 'lAth tt foreign 8cunt. 'c..n Icome In71",II only stay for. 5hon .....Ie: After I"""
thought a~t itfor. moment, II~ him In."Thankyou: he 0.1<1.'I have ~een lookingfor you for yeaf'5. I hovefound you at. "'su' I 6howtd him 101;0 th.living room and In the !>right. ient.1 ouddenly recognized 1}111y Tanner. an old schoolfriend I hadn'" eeen for thirty yea!'!>. I couldn't "eli."" it.
'" , n"s your turn. Write your

=,-,~ to this questoon. IU'~ decided10enter J ...llort -, competition. The COI1II)L'1jtion -~ 'I)' the! "'IOry Inu_.;( be$Cln wlrh w Ing \\ c-,,,,l,,
-/) t t he
.:.s;
door Jnd pkkc-d up
telephone .
.... c )O\lr~or)' for the
~pccuion You -hould w rile bereeen 120 oloo 100 \,,"onJ)'o
Complete these provetbs. What do they mean? ... rolling __ , .-Ils and __ gathers no moss. eople who live in glass houses should not throw __
. will break my bones, but words will never hurt me.
15
In good company
Questionsand question tags
Vocabulary and Reading

1 Put the words in the box under ,he following headings: - postive adjectives - negative adjectives 9t/"I)(i1JlC.~/;C
How to lose friends
and alienate
people
Have you ever been offended til not being invited 10a pan)' which everyone else you know ~CCIn.'i 10 have been 10and hod n good lime ar? Have you ever (old II
joke lhat no one round very amusing?
ItI
I Mllkin~
friends and
influencing people is n gin thar :l select few seem to be bom with. while for the fCl'Ilof U~it b a skill thai ncl,.-'d~ 10be practised: and it can be learnt. After all. everyone likes to be popular - we all like 10 be invited 10 parties aud 10 be the
centre of auennon. at least some or the time. Allhough eXIk:rLS have written books on how to rnnkc friends nnd influence people. for Inc, the firSt lessons J
.'1/i,,11
SYOlP:llbctJcscllish reliable tolceuu cheerful tactful gtoomv bo-.L~tful

generous helpful shy brilliant
received in how to be soeiabte go back 10 when we were ~Ilprimary school.
lool!
In our class. there was a boy no one liked. It wasn't becausehe W;L~ disgusting. like Billy Reilly, who chewed erasers und (hen spat out tbc pieces
modest" difficult tactless pessiuuslic

jealous C;IS)'going o!'uhnistic
2 Choose three adjectives from the box 10 describe the qualities you like most in a friend. Now choose another three to describe someone you don't like.
3 Read the text quickly. Which of the following ddjedives describe Edgar?
sociable self-centred miserable
disgusting popular
Irritating
onto his desk. NOI' was he like Lorraine Smith. whose dad ,V3Sthe headmaster of the school and who always wanted to be popular with the teachers and so kept puuing her hnnd up 10 answer questions (even when she had 110idea what the answer \vas).r IHe was so desperateto be Liked by the rest of us th~1 evcrucauyevcn the "'OSt tolerant amongst us couldn't stand him. (\Ve were only eleven at me timc.}The more be tried to be liked. me less we liked him. The irony \V:1S Ih~1I 011 tbc surface Edgar Price should have been the nlOSI popular kid in crass. He shurctl hi~ S\VCCl~. he gave you the 31\..,"'CI'Sin tests and he gave great birthday parties. I 9uI uuderncurh, it .-I1lduall), became obvious thul Edgar cared 0111)'for one person - himself He \\';1$ totally self-centred. but mnde it \\'O~ by pretending he:cured nbour OlheN.pM I You could tell Iromhis voice that his mind \\ 3S on other things..And he always managed 10twist every topic of ccnversation back round to his fuvcuritc subjcct-lhe-Iife lind times er Edgar Price. II \\ as rather a dull SIO!)'.anyway. lijjw I Another thing which made him difficult 10 like was Ihot he was so miserable>a real propherof doom, He was ahvayspredicting bad weaiberwhen therewas a big match on. infectious diseases" 11(,.'l1 someone \vru, off ill und eanbquakcs aU year round, \Ve knew heJUStwamed :Iltention. LU ~ I Once there really ''13.'< an earthquake and when Edgar said. "1told you so". it did 1101 make us like him more. Ilhink il "':1..(( an American prestdenr who once said, '(fyou're talking, you ain't lisrcning. and. in spite of the faulty grammar; rhcre is un unponant lesson here. I'ge 1 11'1~upshoeof all this is that one s,hould nOI tty 100 hard to be liked and. on the practical side. Ir you want to be on good tenus with people. Itdking: less and listening more is the golden rule for becoming someone it is
aa
mm
good to be with.
16
Unit

In Part 3 of the reading exam, you have to
5 Which other adjectives from lhe vocabulary box on page 16 would you use to describe Edgar? What advice ,.... ould you give him?
complete a gapped text. The missing extracts will be either sentences or short paragraphs. This type
of question tests your ability;
Modifying adjectives
You can increase or reduce the strength of adjectives by using modifiers. Here are some modifiers arranged roughly from weak to strong:
"l
- to understand the general meaning of the text.

- to understand details of the text. particularly in
those parts of the text where an extract ls
missing.
- to understand how a text is structured. Read the text quickly to get the general meaning and underline the key information
(people, places, times, events).
a b;t
~ quite/fairly .- extremely
rather/pretty
-, really/very
Read the missing extracts and underline key words. look carefully at the lines just before and after the gaps. look for words and ideas that are related to the missing extracts, look out for words that help to organize the text, such as pronouns, demonstratives (this, that), connecting words (however, secondly)
and words of similar meaning. Read the completed sense?
l
I
You',.. driving a bit fast! You're driving pretty faStl You're dr;vj(lg extremely fast!
6 Use a modifier and an adjective from the box on page 16 to describe the people who said tnese S <<1lences. You can use more than one adjective.
(I
bit 8100nl)', rather {X!.~,'iurf'(llc
1 'rhin~ are bound to gt:l worse, Z t'ru the ht:;<i[ ...lu(&enl in the class.
j I've got two free tickets (or {he concert. \X'hr don't \I()U haveone 0( ihcm? 4 ''('c:II. if:. been realty great chauing 10 you, \'(Ihy
text
Quickly.
Does it
make
4 E,ght sentences have been removed from tile t~XI. Choose from the sentences A-I the one which fits each gap (1-8). There is one extra sentence which you do not need to use.
A He would even ask (0
dcuf{ we meet for COrr('C sol'nelime? 5 I hope you (k)I'i'1 mind In}' mentioning It, bUI you've gOl chocolutc on your cheek. 6 who's that Jerter ITorn? \'(11\;;\1 does it S;l)'~n's not I)I'iV:IIC, is it?
7 not giving any Ill011e')' (0 the homeless, If thc::y need money, rbcy can go our and work for it like I
1'111
carry
your bag if
."<-'CHICd
do.
8 I find il diffil1.litto tnlk 10people' at panics, 9 t don't think Illy s(.:orc \\':1$ auyrhtng special. II \V<lS p:l11Jy luck and P3.JU), team-work. 10 took, I'm sorry. C(H.lld )/'()\I take lhis soup bock. it's tOOsalty. And by the \V:I)'.could you bring me a
clean gl:lSS? And could )'0\1 change this buner for margarine please ...
stuffed wah hooks.

11 He
~\I:I~I)'t even
very good at covering \IP his
n::;11
feelings.
C No, F.dga{s problem wns far snore irritating: he tried 100 hard to be a 'gocxl guy', I) Of course, if you make a dozen predictions, one or rhem is bound to COJne true.
E Once during :1 maihs test. , had no Idea what the answers were. F His dad \\f:.I!I an accounram with customers in the 1\1iddle F':'l$l. l'f~n:Uy 1';1\\'f\:OC,\: of Arabia. G Do people 'switch off' when you're talking to then\? H Though it was a long rime ago, I remember some of the kid ...as if it were YCSl<.'rdtl)', \'Qe like the sound of our 0\\111 voice, btu the person we're speaking (0 probably feels the same about their voice too.
Compare your answers with a partner,
7 Describe these people, using modifiers and adjectives: - yourself - your (riends - members of your family I can be rathertactless
SOIl/clinIC'S.
17
* In good company
Grammar
~estions
Here are some rules for forming Yes/No questions. Here are some rules for forming Wh questions.
4
When there is an auxiliary or modal verb in the statement, you use the auxiliary/modal + subject +
When there is an auxiliary or modal verb. you use the V'lh word + auxiliary/modal + subject + verb,
verb.
Can he speak English fluenlly' Has she been to the doctor'S yet?
When there is no auxiliary or modal verb in the
When should I hand in my homework? Where are J<OU going for your hofiday?
When there is no auxiliary or modal verb, you use the
statement, you use do/does/did + subject + infinitive. Did Nigel go 10lhe parr.y 00 Friday? 00 you like learning English?
wn- word + do/does/did .. subject + infinitive. What do you usuallydo sr Wf!ekends? When dkJ you pass your driving lest'
When the who word is the subject of the question. you use the word order of the statement.
Who hasn't done the homework?
Whal happened at tl'e end of Ihe film?
1 Complete thesequestions.
__
2 __
people- often ask you for advict:?

you ever
Y(ll)
2 Correct thesesentencessaid by students of Englishin Paper5 of the FirstCertificate exam.

I Yes. English ukes me a 101
)C1.'lo1
or 1()Ul\d:1 lot
or Inone),?
3 __
4 __ 5 __
remember
'he words of a song in
2 ~'1}' mother is a witchouse but she used to be a

typewriter. j I have been leafniflg English since I h:n o'clock. ., 1am hueresrcd in sputs. I :1"1 dying for the basket, 5 I keep fit by ;Okin{!.and r only eat when I nm altgry.
English?
lht:(\! MHHcthing you arc really afraid of? would you like to be at (he momem? is [he best (hing lh~llha s ever happened 10 you like: tt) change :1n}'1hlog about yc.)ur.-:clf? long. have ruu known j-our I)csl friend? i. .. your I~t quality and whar is your \VQI-:;I y a:> :1 pcrsont
6 __
rOu?
7 __
8 __
6 i\ly ankle has gR:)'
h;lil~ and
he ts n begger,
7 I 31H 1X>11'k.~ 10 19$6.1 :U11only sixty.
8 I learn English because I 10\,('rhcm.

9 I like rravclllng h}' sheep becaose it i;i safer and you
know ~ IOLof people.
9 __
qualit
10 __
has had the
grC-:lICSI
fntlucncc
on your
life?
10 No,
Ill}' father
never bit
llle.
Work with a penner, Ask and answer three of the questionsabove.
What question did the e""miner ask in each case? Wnte the questionsand askyour partner three of them. 3 Imagineyou are a famous person and you are gOing to be intel'lllewed on lV about your life and personality. Write three questions you would like to be asked.Give your questionsto your partner and interview eachother.
18
Unit
listening
~You ""II hear a radro rnteMeW with Professot Finney. no gIVeS advtce on how to be Irked by other people or quesuons t 7. complete the seotences with a \IIord a phrase.
2 Now roleplay anothe< problem sltuatl()fl. ThIS tome. Student B should ask for advice and Student A should gIVe advtce. Choose one of these sncauons.
'.(1" lfllidi. Ih .... )'Cllur F.ngli.,h

(,r Ihe
)~I
l te c he often
criii(i7e-;:
h...... c.:h c'f dc)l'","n h~ v your ht'wlk.,\"M In (rrw'll

t,
=,
('1.1..." and never a.-dc ... y-ou to :In.\\cr qu,-,,'llnl\" 1. YO\! re worried th:u you're going (0 f.lillh,,_, .,',('1
Pmf~"".orrll"lill') L".I e.!I:Ol!!J"~ _ hc h.... lxv-n '1111"),101' Ihc \\':1)' friends :lnd fauuly
can
'lfl<.,(1 :1 (:hlld~..
I111M
j.,
I :tl
to (('('I
~hOtII
_ Finl')L'')" hcllc\'c:'I' thnt it important
CCl1itir.OItc exam. You have a part-time ~", .tnd '0 )'HU .Ire oftCIl 100 tinxl to :,11..1(.)) in Ih ....\"\,,,In)( You :11'0 find II diHlc.,llt to concenuutc 1>CC.':UI"l' )CMlr hOI!)c L ...,'crr ll()L~', (The 1" is utwnys t)t\ nnd )"0\1 1':1'....I\VOy~)ungcr brothcrs.)
~
<i
PL'OI'1c ..luMJkJ Ir)' nu( 10 1)1: .J.II tll\' Itlnt-
.'.00 .."'-'1
...J
__'
)'Oll
=::
If '<)I"~ ... )I)l' ILl ...hJc.I ,L"'l"'I'-,'... hout" ,;.1) -.(.,,,,-1hlnjot n"-:c aiM"" it
\\1\,:0
)t,,"",, r"''''ltOM ,L_..''-
1.J
;:nod .... r.II"M)'I' 10 Il ... en to Olht-r fleOpfe

- \\ h4.:I'I}tlU 1;,,1\ IU people. )OU .. houlcl alway-,
'10 With a parlner and discuss Ihe advice given by -"Olessor Finney, What do you think is the best piece 01 ac..ice1
Usefullanguage
Giving advice
WIly don't you ? If' _" )<XI. I'd ... lbushould Ha-... you thought ~bout The best thong to do IS .
Asking
Speaking
:.< \II th a panner and roleplay this situation. One of
q:fl!SSIOf)S ~'T\t \
You could tl)' (+ ''''9i What about (+.ong)
Perhaps )'Ou could

(+ -"'9)
s SIudent A Md the othe< from the box
IS
Student B Use
for adVIce
\ ".. 'c:, l(k'O(;'Uy Up""-'I :1 good friend of your .. hy _ctbtnj,tvuu\c ... Iid. You IU\t.'l1'l spoken (Of weeks ~ 'itudcru n fOI .ld\K v-.
..,- Ot.'1l1 U
Could , ~ a word \IIlthyou? Could' d>k your advice about somethmg> WIldt would you adVISe' What should' do? Complaining I don't und.rstand why ... Why don'f peep'. undersfand ...
, :-.tudt.'111 III
:lQk. ....10
~'1l1
)'OUI (:1.1/'10'1 you luI' :ul\'il-c. _\ h.'''1 Up~I.'1
I can'r see '''"Y
, get fed up with ,
...-xxl
~n
111l'1'I<.I .u\d t !.,;nu\\"\\'h,1I
do.
19
* I,., good company

Grammar
Question tags
You use question tags to (heck information or to
ask other people if they agree with you. You form

a question tag with an auxiliary or a modal verb and a subject pronoun. The main patterns for question tags are:
If YOU'rechecking information, your voice goes up on the tag. .->r

You haven't been to Spain, have yovl (Yov don't know the answer)
positive statement + negative question tag You Ill.paz,a. don', you?

negative statement + positive qtJe1tion tag You c..,,'1 speak French, Cdfl you?
Ir you're
asking someone to agree
with
you, your
voice goes down on the tag_
-.,..
You M oro london. don',you? 01:>u

~)<>S' )
expt the
answer to
1 Match the Sentences in list A With th! questlOl'l tags in list B.

/I
I Yuu \ e ~HI 'l \ ic.ko at horne. 11,1\,,,'1\'1 )"OU~
~ You haven't been
10
AJllcrk':t, have )O,,~
IJ
IHOtU... y. h;ldn't ) t)u?
YUli
J You couldn't 1coo lite ~\('

weren't
born hc-rv. ~ Ynu haven't read lrtlY l'''III'tV/C''

I You u.",aU), get up Lite. ~You ludn\ 'Wt."d\ 3 cartoon
h:1\C yo"P
were you?
4 Wrote four sentences about what you think you know about othe< studeots onyou' class
lltll1~IIfL.'t~ nit-I: ';111$;(.
__ furt'.
I? c.k, yuu?
;.U\..... I
_ftJ", ,
nt<JI/t('TL\ an (ITChueel
You'd 1)l..111 ..r snldr IJX)I"C, 7 You oon'[ know or .111)' l-o"C)CxJ book, on Hr:ll1lnl:Jr, thnc II It (yltlld be :1 bit warmer dll,!O
(,
alUldyou,
tlidlhc.."")'? {l.)\Ildo', i1? don't rou? had ),Oll?
Now ched< )'Oursentences by asLongthe people you
wrote about tag questions

I/"rin . ,,,"111 lil.."t! roct: ,Iolln, ,1'OItI'II/tithers
ItIlU/;C, dUII"lV1"
(III
or year,
arctutea. I,,,', ,'II('/'
9 l'm t.dler than )"0\1, 10 t\Q 01'1(;f:lil\.--dthe tnst 11.."1.
Use of English
2 Complete these questions with a tag
You ve finished school. __ > 2 "ou live in 3 fbt. __ ? .'\ Y(>udoo', OO\"ea "'L....cr. __ I \ ou'd rather go (0 the CUll'nl:1 than Ihc theatre,
I) You had an accidenl in u t,ir I~... )t.~lr __ ? 6 '#UU'Yt.' been wearing Ih!)1j.ICI'CI(or ever a year. ? 7 You've never Ilkl anyone t'nfllfM.&". __ '
Exam practice: Parts 5 and 4

1 look at these tv.o diagrams. What do you th Ilk they show? Now read the filSt text quoddy and cheel: your answers Ignore the spaces for now body language
55%
eyes 75% 3 S I.Jst!O to these sentences and deooe ofthe voice goes up or down on the tag.
-"..
/ltt.> 11",JSmllCS till' American. tln,,',,/t('1V
"n/fllt/a /([m", A'RPII/iutl I,,,;rf"!j,rt

Inmes Bond is Engli~h, bel'! hc~ 1. I!vCI')'(JllC \ v tllcht..":'o'IV, don', Ihc)'~ ~ You did!)', do your homework, did you?
words 7%
20
Unit
2 For qutStJons 1-10. read the text ag..... Use Ihe word gM!rl .n Cdpotalsallhe end of each lone to form a word that filS .n the space ., lhe same hne.
Rapport: hew to make (riends and influence people

r.apport "llh ...... .Im other, chq" h3"C '3 rcl3lion~hlp in ,,,h.ic._illhc..1 hJ\'Co":1 ,\pl'c,:iJ.1 (1) __ 10 u~nd each .\UU; OIhC1'.. (L-"Cllng .. or point ... u( \.ic\.\. KIxm,ng what r.\ppon i'Ol ,..... 1 ;t.llLIIi towards 3ctue\ 1118 it The (2) __ qll~'k)n I.': hmv docs one go 31x>u1 gl,..1Iinj:: I'IT1!REl-T it if one dlk .. nOl1\;'\'~II?Ilu" do \\\,! create n (3) __ or l(~IJ\'11 U\LSt and Ito\'\ c..... n we ('1Ch:nd thl ...(4) __ ..kilP. How (it. )"ou l\A11rRr koo,"\ when t'\ 0 pcop~ al\: III rapport] (5) __ ""'-'ern,,, to Ilow \\'11\:1\ twu people nre ill I'aPPOt't: their bodies as \\'\.'11:\s Illt:lr 'vord~ ,n:tI{'h each ocher. \X/h:n \ve $;')' can create or (6) __ ruppon. but th:lt is only seven per cern I)llS'l'R~'cnON or the tcnHlllllni<:.ukln. IhH.ly hln~lI.IJlC und tone of voice :1((1l10r~ (7) __ ' You In;l), have nc.Mk"<.'(! 1h:u 1)1,:01'1(.: ,\ ho :II\: In IMI'OR'l',\NCH rapport tCIKiIO olirror .Inti,n.,ucll each other in poesrurc, ~"\!,qurt: :uxl eye' (,{H11.1t:1,II is like II d.1I'{\.', "here Ixu1nt:r.<o rc...pond and \10\1: mirror e:.ch (Mh\.'r'''\(~) f I~\ I.' )"0\.1 ever found )"t)\H,<lf etl;C)'lJlg J. (9) __ ,,'illl "o,rnc ." .One aoo noticing lh:tl hClIIh yuur cox \ l'lt"f bodies h:t\c .ltioplt."tJ the ..... lIte IlQ'o(Urc?The (10) __ d", 1)1"''' r.lpporl. 'h .... ,I<ht'"rthe m..,,:h \\ Illl,""nd to be 11,i .. -.kin ~l" It) be Inborn. for new-been tX:lhl4...,.nwvc sn th}lhm "'ilh the \Oi~ .. of <.IK people .m"",, Ihc:m
If people have
~(f.."
3 What adv.ce walthe writer

give 10 help Ihe reader achieve rapport? Read Ihe nexllexl and check your answers Ignore the errors for now.
4 For quesnons 1-15. read the leXl ~9~1" and look carefully et each line Some of tbe hnes are correct, and some have a word which should oot be there, " a lone .s correct, IlUI a I.ck {.fl. If al.ne has a word whICh should not be lhere. wnte lhe word.
\,\'hl.!n pcopfv ;11\'not In the rapport rht>it bodi..::. rcflcc .1- whatever
__ __
2 ihey nrc ~,I)'inJ.t, their h()di~.. \\'il1 no! be matching. '111ey .11'(' nUl ,~ ,~nM.I)Ccd In the dal'lt'Cand )Iou can sec in it iI111114,..'di:II(."r, Suc(;~"..Io! j people crcau- mpport and rappen cremes 'ru~t You c.m In (1,\::1Il' ; rapport \\'ilh :t11)'ol1e }'c)1I wish. By consciously In~Hchin~and Ini~()rlng 6 hody I.Ullo:\I+IJ..~ ;uld nmc or voice. you cun very (Iuickl)' ~.tin "'I)I)()Jt 7 \\hh even "hun"l ;ll1lunl' "0 create rapport, joullhr n,hl"t' I>I.:N"....... 8 (boc"\! h) n1.n(hing 10 th c"tr body L1ngtl:1ho't.'" .sen"I(,,'eh' and \vllh 9 ~'M..'t.l hullll.. a br...J~c bc... 1.\\4..'Ul you :Ind in tllt:lr .nu&:1 uf the 10 \\'ur'kl .\1:II(t"1\8IlI. .... Kll... l..I~ I1lln'liCfy,\\1lK'll L'-J no,,, 'I.-'.lhk. JIlt) II CX:lAAf..-r.lIec:1 t't".,yintt of another per.;on',. 1l00cnlelVi "01.1(i.ln 111.:11lil 12 ann 1.'10\ ('OlCnl.... hy (4.."" MlrJU h:lnd fllO\COt .... 'f1ls; hod)'l1l1JOo4..,ncnts by 15 )~It tk-:.Kl ,no\ \.'"1\."1\1.,. \\ hen Jk"Of'It: nlO\~ like eac:h ud'K.'r, Ih,"" hloa: I I C"".Ich the olhl., BUI dn not belle"e liS. :o.:()(~ ,,'h3[ h:tPfl'l-n. .. \, hen lOU 15 nlitror acheN Then noli,"" \\'hat \\"ill k,pJX.'1'l.."o \"hen )'UU "'Op.
'1'"""
21
* In good company
Vocabulary
Words often confused
nervous bad-tempered moody anxious 1 Complete these sentences using one of the words above. A reacher or parent who l5 ahva)'s shouting is __ .
)'OU dclf\'1 ''';10110 mtss your pLlnt."; )'()\I r(.~1 __ . j Ucfore 31\ uuen"ie\\' or exam )00 nuy (cd: __ .
Writing
Exam practice: Transactional letter
(letter asking for Information)
l You are cxpecttng the l"t"'lIh", (,(:an exam. or
In Part 1of the writing exam, you have to write a transactional letter. A transactional letter has a practical purpose (you want to get something done) and it requires a reply from the person you send It to. Here are some of the different types of lener you may have to write:
.. Your friend is often c.iK-etfulor dcpn .. ~.,:'(l\\ ithin

..CI) .... lOR tinl(:". lie i.., __ ~ JOhJl\\';15SO__ on hl~ "","(tdlnA
:I
- a letter of complaint
.... a letter of invitation .... a letter asking for information ....3 letter describing something (eg something lost
d:lY thaI he ror~,.'ol
hi~ bride'"
n!l111C.
() 1\1)'ho.. ,'t j .. u",ually very __ on \Ion(ll), morning. 7 The drougbr has made farn\t'l~ ahour [he
hill,\'C~(.
8 ~u.... m admits ... he's __
hUI "',1)"', ift- hL"C.IU:-C ...hc':-,
or stolen) You will be given information with which to

answer the question. such as an advertisement. notes, another letter or a picture. You rn.1y also be
.in arust
Phrasal verbs with on

look on turn on get on take on goon put on
USing
asked to add )'Our own ideas, The style 01 the letter should be formal or semi- formal. depending on
who you are writing to and why.
count on
Here are some tips on writing a tlansactionallettel. Mak~ sure that you include all the Information you are supposed to. You will lose marks if you
2 Complete these sentences

of the phrasal verbs above.
the correct form of one

her
dont.
Use key words from the information given. Don't copy whole sentences. Think about who you are writing to, and make
ller :lppllcali()n "':1';.... uc(\ ..l'oful 'o(} lht'y __

__ :I~ :10 a.'iSiS(!lnt 01:10:1)((.'1'.
2 (..c>ultJ ,'()U __
Ill .... ' ....
the rJuiu __
1~
? I'd like to bear the
show __ at Chri.stJll3.S. In 'C\\ '~ork peopte l-o"C..-1 Inu~~od .u'ld ~'\.~"f~.... br jtt ..... --! 'S I m o;orry I can't __ "orkn1~hke ttl,.. _ rve had Crl(IUg.!,! () If )'ou ";1,'11 In __ in life. )'uu h;H't:to wod, hard 7 c',n I __ you ro help Ine~YO\! wont let me down-
.:l \\'ere-
~inj:!; to __
the styl. of your letter approprlale. The eXDminers give marks for appropr-iacy as well as for accurate grammar and vocabulary. Open and close your letter appropriately. (It is
not necessary to write addresses.] Organize the information clenrty into
paragraphs. Each paragraph .houtd have a speclflc purpose. Explain in the first sentence why you are wriling. State in the last sentence what you expect from the reader. 1 You are 900'19 to answer lhis questIon.
You are interested in \isi[ln~ rbe U' \ and you have ~... "'Cn lhi'! advertisement in :t n1.1~,I/'H'C. \\'nte n letter to Ocean v iew Adventures :1~kinj! ror rtt<lfC infonnauon. I ,,,' the oores on the adveruserneru ,'('rit.: between 120 ~1I,tI 100 words.
22
Unit
WhiChCOvlTtli do they com. from?
STUDENTS!
VISIT FLORIDA, USA
\.Vnere !-;; t.hi$ e)(sctly7 II/hat kind of place i5 it 1
Spend 6 days of fun in Orlando this summer with other students 12-18years old from around the world. Tour Disney World, Kennedy Space Center, Do&rey Movie Studios, &< much more! .peuk t'nqll~h? Write for Jiw detnils of lI1is /w/idny niltJellh,re Oceanview Adventures,
~ Box lOS,O",I" sville, TN 3i041, USA.
Do cIl",;e coo t extr,37 HO'/' muc"?
2 Here are two students' answers to the question. Read them

quickly and decide wI1ich is beuer.
A
De"r Sir or Ma481m. Ism writir1e in 1"$6POflf>6 t<:l the ~~I%ment. aj)out. 5tudcnt holida& in Florida who I eew in ye'ttJrday~ Internat.lonsl Herald Ncwt).Although lam Interested to the holidtly, I would 1I1ce: and more Ittformation6.
10m 15 yeD,.., old Dna my Eneli.h D... vcrygoO<l IN. I WOOldIIk to Imp""" It. Fir-6t, cout.d you tell me ..w.ere the o~her children .... ~lllte coming from? \\liU t.hcy be aMe 'to ~peal::Engli9h? What; kii'W cf acomodation will ther, tie. I would and rrke U) know If I
mu6t to 6halr tJ roam 'with othtrn 6tudenu,.
Could you Blw tell mClmore ,.!1ot.$ how the fib(. day& 'M11 Arc tne trip& you are metred to ir1c:.luded In the ree or do we mu5t pay ~7 llool: forward to hearing from you, yoo,... fulthfully.
Pc Ot'011nlud:1
o";y""ood? You talk for et.uden~ from k.._ how many other 6tuddnt6 will' be 8V1Vadcome (ra,n? Of COur'Ge I fur 1& "11(:1 which countrieG they much' I mWt haves ~ J vc to kll~ th~ WI for all thIs - how a"this? I got lcte of ",_on6? y.., an" how will P'IY 6vcrythJtlgAmerfc~tI :~:~: ~d I real~ go for ' America It,,,,lIL~ y """,eoccm"'9to . "" my ,.~t tim e. An" y-".... ., a ~ . """ mDf'eInfonnat4ons _ I mare. coo need to know
r Mi"ter (or Madam).
J .&1m writing V~U6e of your Ilotic thi, 15ummerfor the 00 o a~ holldQysIn Flored'!'hondllY advcnturc..J;CI110gU~S{8n~ 9irte). You &a~ It Ie a 1 6()UrlgS too jnt~t:(nn btl mOr6 dt:tllj~, as qulckl'Yas it i '"'V U want Islt
-~
mo.t eoaSk' poo.iI>le.The orot .hine I nearby Hifl:~e:!rexactly Orlando le7 Is it fllr frern florida?
~~tI~:.
That's all for
now.,
Wti1:ts
600"
Maria
8c80t wishes. Marcue.
3 Comptete this lable. according to wI1ether the letters have the fOllOWingfeatures. Underline examples of the features in the reuers. Good features
relevant Information good vocabulary & grammar
formal expressions Letter A Letter H
Bad [C:U\lfCS irrelevant infonnatioo

grammar mistakes
Lcucr A
teller B
wrong words
clear paragraphs
npproprlare saturatlon& ending
spelling meeakes
(00
infonn:lI
unclear paragraphs 4 Now it's your turn. Write your own answer to the question. Write between 120 and 180 W<l<ds. 23
The good, the bad and the unbearable

Present simple and present continuous; stative and dynamic verbs
Speaking
Exampractice:Photographs
In Part 2 of the speakin9 exam, you
have to compare and contrast two photographs. The examiner will also
ask you an opinion question about them. YOUhave to speak for about
one minute. Theother student will

be asked by the examiner to comment on your photographs you have finished. after
Listen a'u'efuUy as the examiner explains what the subject of the
photographs is.
Describe the photographs by comparing them with each other.
Oon't describe everything in the
photographs in great detail - the aim is to give a general

description and comparison.
Keep talking until the examiner'

interrupts you. The examiners can
onlygrade you on what they hear, so show them what you

know, Don't worry too much about
using accurate language. The

examiners give marks for fluency as well as for grammar, vocabulary and pronunciation. Don't panic if you don't kno v v the English word for something in
the photographs. Try to explain

what it is as well as you can. (See
'-~
page 128for practice in describing things.)
24
Unit
rtkeful
language
Desctibing photographs Thispicture shows On the /err/right ... There seems to be It/oo<s like there'S... Ii's probably ... Thisphoto was probably taken inlat ... Comparing and contfasting photographsBoth photos are on the subject of ... Both photos show ... Thephotos show different ... In comparision to photo A. photo 8 is ... In this pretur.... while in the other pierure ...
Vocabulary
Town and country
'. Complete these sentences using one of the words below. outskirts cnvseonmem suburb dfs[ricc :-.um.,undings
neiAhh()\llil()CJ()
regton
~1)' parents' house is set i.n beautiful __ . 2 A uew f:unil~' has jU$I moved into our __ . ; Our hU!'inC$.'I i~ locned in the old industrial __ of London cnlled Nuswcll Hili. S \Vle arc nell doing enough to protect tbc __ Irorn pollutlou. 6 The nl()ulu~lin()'L'" __ in III\.: north of our country is very beautiful. 7 The factory i:s On Ihe __ of the city.
" of the city. J live." in a quiet __
1 Choose two of the photographs and compare and contrast them. Use expressions from the box.
2 Match words from list A with words from list B to make compound nouns. You can use some of the words mote than once.
A
2 Which cities are shown In the photographs? MalCh these names with the photographs.
\fiCllll;1
B
dweller route path plate
1':liI
London
Berlin Stockholm
Ath<.:os
public underground
c~'CIc
Which city do you think has the most serious traffic problems? Why?
bulldlng
coosrructjon
transport
station work shoulder link
jam
(111111e
number City
bus
hard
sne 25
* The good,
me bad and tre unbearable

4 questIOns 1-12. choose from the Cilll!SA-E. Some of the Citiesmay be used more than once When more than one answer is required. these may be given in any order.
FOI

1 Put the words in the box under the following headings: - types of load
- forms of transport
ri".~ rond
ilIU!I'f1
metro ring road biglt\y;!y undcfJ.tround bus one-way bt.n:et uam p;tth kllT) hl<.,'Cle morcrway I r:aln car Jane van "ide road nlOpt."lI motorcycJe 'C..'OOIU Slreet ieep cuk!~c CO:I(:h UXi
\Vhith city or cities: (k>L~nul have an underground

~slcnl)'l-1!
-~--
h.I, jLOO<I
r.ciI."", for ()dl"'"

r.u1\\"'3)'
2 Readthe texts quickly and hnd out which cities have

good publIC transport and which cities have bad public
tu!t ~ cbeap and efficieru
~"ICC?
h.loIian espenswe \lndc:rgrotUl<1 ')",h:m'

IS pl~lnnin8 (0 Improve its rail Scr\icc."i?
kjJ
Ilanspon.
Exam practice: Part 3 3 Sevensentenceshave been le~

from Ihe text. Choose from the sentences A-H the one which fits each gap (1-7). There is one eXirasentence which you do not need to use.
iI:IU beuerbu~M:rvi<'cs in
liM the P:l~~t1:""1IL.-~F~i*~
"'II'1IiII-- .. .--,
t"qJ
h.I"i -erloes parkinR problem h.....crk.-<.I 10 limit the number

or
CJ~ In
M
km.
the ciI)' cent.rc?'
GI;:'J'I:=~B!@!;~
MfM
has iJ\(;~
in
o:~ n:a.1lrl) ~
A Gelling there means choo.~lnJtbetween an efficient underground ~l"S(~m or bt,:in~"Iluc:k in tr.IITk Fi.J1'b fOI much of the journey B ~lo!'1cuy dwellers boughr a second car. e 1lle ring road \\':15 oPJ'K~d b)! cnviroluncnr'::1lists lxu has turned OUI 10 1x.: a great soecess. o ~f:lIlYor the city's hiA'l\\'ays nre blocked off 10 .,UO\\ construction work to J.K> nhcad. E Predictably. private (;1'''' were found 10 be lhe main source o( poUuhon, F H.I( the mone), is prtJ\.dt-d I !he llO'cmmcnt. the
remainder
('()ft')O
h:l' ulNllubic roods for on?
5 Find words in the texi that mean:

'flake ~llcdljng change direclion (ViCltnll) t'tHlnc.:ction . , (\'ie.nn,1) rcpail"\, JITll)rOvemenl (Berlin) P'L"OI,lc ,,,ho travel Jong tJi'i1:ances 10 and (rOI11 work
(lJerlin)
(")1'11 (JI't"'\
- -evere, dramanc (Alhd)"') - punlflSC rllOOe)~ into :t project (Ath e'ft,,)
(, Abo\t;! ground, Londonet'5;'n.! nUl domg much better. 11 It wiU certainly be 'he 1'flO.'!( modem.
- hc::1\1'tr.dllc that block....Uk: rwd, (London) - forbkkk:n (London)

- .Ire:l,; on the
- pushed into
:1
edge of :a town or cuy (SlockhoLnl) small Sp:.IC ..'C(SlIx'khulnl)
Speaking
1 Work With.
partner
and discussthese questIOnS.

Im\-'n'at)?
IC()\\'I);Id is (he traffic in )'our t 10\\ has the kx:d p'"Cml1ll...u

'1I\1.:llIon! 113\(: these .ulempts to improve
tried
10
unpro"c (he
thl.: ~hU;tIlOn\vorked?
If nOl, why not?
26
Unit
Itil.*,
Although Vienna :already has Q superb public uunspon ~ -tem, work h:ar-begun on a plan to divert Il':Iffic away from the "I!'eels or the city. Key plans inclU<k: buildina I'CWand Improved mororwny nnd rail links and u city ring mad. Within the cily. 30 kllomeues or underground Iineli wn! 1)& added to the ~IClro OYerthe next ten years. ;\1 preM:III, live billion ~hilli"&)I. i.. poured inlo Vienna's public tn1n~pon system c\cr) year UlEl IThe llJ'IdergJtM.u\CJ lin~ .. !NtH with the extensive uam lines and bus renes. Tbere are alttad)' 500 "", of ()(Ic I',,,h, .u lthough VlC11oc>cC)oh, .. ,rumble nt deep polhol", in tbe p31hs. B
1()
gm :;;:~::E
For II nil ion whK.:honce prided iL-.elfon buildilla mod .. and I"' uih\ B)" for orbers. transport in the capital i~ in 3 sorry )Cale.
c.
Today.lhe wOlld's oidesl Tube (Ihe first section W;15 opened in 1863)~till boU!ols 735 million passenger jQUI'IIC)'~Il year, BUI it is wlncly regarded as over-priced, incfflclem lind in
41 need or eXlcn"jvc repair, , ~ I The WOI~enlnj or public services h;l~ brought an increase in private Iran~pon. The ,.u~uenl cong~lionon the capital', Str'1S ",n_.. made WOI'$C when cars were banned from the Cillo London', filW1<1.1ceree. foll"";"g bomb 31':><ks by tho IRA.
n... ItLIN, ~
r;
~Ii!i!lll
',.,..,...;0
'rnnff,~
HUllCbuildin& :.il~. largcscale rcpalrx of roads and the
reconeecucn or the 1\\'0halves of lhl!thy huve 1111 conlbincd to make Uc:rlln n difllcuh place 10 1l10Ve about in. Ifll Sevemt of Ihe underground and cress-town rJilwtL),SI:UiCN'S
.lrt' ekbed
down for rcoovatioc. For car driven. the worst problem " Irying 10'geetc tbe Olhc:rsldc' -10 move (rom eut 10 west or \ ice versa Tbere are simpl)' not enou&h roads '0 meet lhe d.m:md. The good news is lhaL.lIlhi. i...,., _ 'enlcoce i5 "Ming towards a good cause. \Vhen all the oolldlng and rebuilding is finished. BC11in'5 ecmuuners will b3\C olle of EUl'ope's nlOSlefficient Ir:,llie "yslelns. l. I AI present. the 'Green WU\'c' l'Juumnl~s the free do", or (r-anl" 1,long the city'S main streets: drivers who keep :0 SO kill can hit It WB\<eof green lighl ... ind .Ivoid geuing ~~ in trafflc,
so h is len )dl()mclre~ trommy house in the SI(M:khohnsuburbs to the office in me city centre where Lwork. I For me. public tmnsporl wins hands down, If I leave bome ju:.t before ,illill o'clock, I'", at the office by half POSItighl. The train runs every three minutes or SOat pc:.).: linlc~ on the main 55 COUtes.DurinS the rush hour i( can be difficult 10 J;(1 II scat. but il'$ rare to be: crammed in like sardi~. a.~ in London or Paris, Fa< lhe pnc<: of. monthly ps (375 krona). you can U'3\ el on all bu<eli and lrain.( within Siockholm - to me thllt is true value for nlOncy and ccl1a.in1yless than lhe ~t of lhe 60 pelrol you would usc. By comparison, driving 10work, with the con,e ..lion IlIl(l dirlicull)' finding J)arklng '1':lcc. is jusl no wonh the hassle.
G!iQII
The Grecl rnctropolis was confirmed IlJ Europe" _;QIlutctlcity this \\cck. [.sMI IGiven the tl1y" poor rubhc tranvpcn, cers are o\'et"'helminJ;ly Ihe IllClln:.of :ran~p01'chosen by most Atbenians, Unronunolct)'. h is a :boicc to \vhlch Alhen~ ill particularly i11 ..uhed, with us high
moi'
t:vildings. narrow streets ODda single ring rood. which forces

ICN vehicle~ to enttr the cily ccnlrc :It sonlC point filong their JOIIIlICy. The nlOStdrastic of a sene5 or ntca."urc, - banning -~ or c\'cn numbcr.pbted cars from the city centre on .to:",,". ~"'~ing cla)s - has failed 10 soh.. lhe problem ..... '--' The go'\"(':m.mc:nl has also begun in\eqing heavily pj~hc tnln~pon3fld.arler long delays,III<now building me ..:it) \ tin.l underground metro SYSICU1.
J
27
* Thegood. the bad and rhe unbearable

Grammar
Present simple and present continuous
You use the present simple: for routines and habits. lill goes ro rhe gym rhree Iwork Ina bank. for facts.
umes a week
for permanent situa1ions.
"'" ...., rises ;, the ~

to toU stories. '/'w gola joke for)'Oll ThISman goes Inro a pub and asks frx drink ... ' You use the present continuous:
for actions happening now.
2 Corroct these sentences,

I I um loving (he nature. 2 I llke very nluch lhc mu-te. .3 The SUIl is always seulng in the \\c'l. 0.1 \,\chJt is ~oins up nlU,,", come down. ~ r am share a flar \\ ith my <"0\1'111 ,\-1,.) -..(ucJit:"'> p'>-c hology. 6 4-.tcn! The telephone nns.:..... ~ I ).1() 10 (he SUJ)cnU3~t.1. 1)0 )"tM.1 "OInt an)1hing? H You're look verv njcc in Ih:1Idn..". 9 Ton)' is not here. H. ptays baskctbatl. 10 You are JhV;.IYS COtllp':lhl :1I){,ulthe weather.
I'm eating my dinnEr ar rhe moment Can I phone )'OIJ back?

for temporary actions or situations.
I'm sraying friends "'1 fll>d. flar 01my own. to( changing Or developing s.rtuat~ons. Cnme is getting ........ '" 0IJf lown to talk about something that tlappons often and is unplanned or irritating (with always), He's always interrupting me.
'''th
, Complete these sentences using the correct form (p,,,,enl simple or present continuous) of the verbs in bradcets.
Bu-..e. .. tL"Ually __ (run) on lime In In)' town. 1 TIM:govcmmera __ (b,uld) ~ I'k.."'\\moIOf"\\"3,"O link theapiUl "ilh tllhcr c.:lht"' .i !'Ie) ,. 1__ ("':II~j Into Ilk.' roOU1andwhat __ Cl!f1nd)?' " 1 __ (travel) 10 work b) 1~lxlllllliJ l ~.'t Illy car
3 Put the adverbs in brackets In the correct position in these sentences,

I \'-01'1')'about him. (sorneeunes) 2 lie i5 in a bad mood, (rJrcl 3 Tbe man from Ih" po.<t otrK>:"')'
~"t.~ me. (:d\'\'3Ys)
'hello' when he
I I do the: cooking al hQlnc~ (n()nn.lllr> ~ I ..peml In)' !>\lInn'k,:r. Ill;t~IAlnR u dl"lng school.
(u,,,'U
b.rck rrcrn the ga rage,

(~lhv[ly~f:I,( 011errlkc. It reaLl)' makes me angry! 6 I often __ (\\';tlk) In work \\'1...... n the weather ilI) Uu~ drivers __
6 You mustgive up lr)finJ.t. (never) ? I ~() for \"';llk~ by Inysclr. (rcqllcnlly> H She travels to conference ...:Ih... iad. (oftell)
Ilne.
.. \\-::tlc...,. __ 8 1.A..1:t run
-e
(boil):11 100 Ul:ltlttS the ~ _ '(t."tMlM!)
4 Wrrle three things about a Irrend or rela_ using the pA!'SenlsImple, and three more sentences USIngthe pr.,.nt continuous.
~/(!
9 Puhhc Ir.tnspon __
c'{pt.'1lsi\ l! 00'\\ ":lc:b}"~.
(b.... 't) r1'lOfe and more (type)
10 fie __ (answer) the pIlone and __ lenerv in :1 lawyer' office
SJ'C ISproJXJbiy ronljllg
u.'ar.r jeans. SJ,~ soPS 10 /)('(/ kill'. buck /twIIl'lrolll

yOU'VI!
UYJI"I: IIOlL'.
Wort WIth a pattner. Aslc and anS\Wf questrcns about
lhe people
descnbed,
28
WATERSUPPlY IJ.lll Unit $
.'.1
~l"
,S
IU.:
Stative and dynamic verbs

Some verbs are not usually used in continuous tenses bt<ause they refer to states rather than actions. This group of verbs includes: belit!~, know. think. remtMJbe('like. hate. prefer, want, heIr; smf!1I. ~Iong.own.set'm. cost. Some of these verbs can be used in continuous tense when they refer to an action rather than a
Vocabulary
cheque fare
nate.
In
these cases the
meaning
of the verb
changes. Compare: I rhfnk tlllJl 1/'" govornmenr should do somethlflg about the rraff/( problem. rm thinkmg about buying a new car.
bill catalogue
menu
fee
recipe
receipt
1 Complete these sentences using one of the words above.

I c:tn'l go I() ('Olu1 because I an'. :.f(ol'd the
Ia\V)'C('!'I' __
5 Complete these seotences using the verbs below Use each verb once in the present SImpleand one:. In the present ContInuOUS. What is the dille<Mce on meanong7
depend chink Io,'c smell sc~)' ~ I ,I I nm hl!'c __ chi, eau de cologne. Is ,(
CXPCfl.'l,l\'\.Y
2: \\-ryeh;ld
.l I()\'d)t
nleal and nor Grrc'" rrk.-nd~

In
UN.",,,od on fl'l),ng lhe __ . 3 You "hOtlkJ 1-'(.1 a __ (or c\!crythins=: )'0\1 bu)'
lhe '1hc){,)" '" 1 can par Il)f either __
h These flowers __ Io\'ely. l :1 I __ lying on the beach :111 d:l)'. h I_ every InU1Utcof this holkuy, ;i :I I yout hair looks sre:lI! b t __ going to Italy nCXI vear. I a I .1(\".Ir.J __ 31 The Ritz when 1l!C) In t'l."\v York. h I \Vilh friends becne,e n't)' hCMJ~ was ~ood<-d b .. week. S :I f c.km't k~' ,,1'lCd:ler 1"11 go (0 (he p.lny. II __ on 1)0\\' I feci. b Youc..n't lei me down 00\\' - I __ on )"()U! 6 j I __ \\ hal you 111e:lJ1. b Tbere is no one:lIthe window. "(Ill __ rhlngs!
Or en.. -dil card, ; You .nuse lei me OO\'Cthe __ for rhnr \\ (,ndcr(ul
or
Jndi:lfl dish you made on &lfUrd:l)t, BtI"i __ arc expensive in tonoon, 7 \\!lailcr. what's on the __ lonlghli 8 I don" knC)\\ whether we have the CO In .)IOCk. I'll kKlk In Ih4..'__
Phrasal verbs (travel)

come across get away
pick up
set off
take off
get back
hold up
6 Finishthese sentences.
:2
j ..
2 Replace the underlined words in these sentences with the correct form of one of the phrasal verbs above.
Sorry r'm late. I was In a nleeling and J ('()uldn', 1C"'.1vc.
5 6 7 S
A..;~')Otl;I", I wake up, I .. Ik-fon: I ~() ()lUt for the evening, I .0. I ..un iniwt~-d b) people wbo 3f'~ ;ahvJ).''i Wh ..-n..:\~r I U2\'eI b)' bus. I . \\ncn the tctcpbooe rings, I ... A, I w<>" okIo:r. I Ic-e~ I :un j!<'ttin~ ... I feed fk'f\'C>U:- when ... 1;1\'oid people who arc always ...
'
Worlewith a partner and discuss your answers.
Z \X'ail(or me in the airport and I'll come .100 ~ In thec..r 3 We ,IoI",ld 1'" 10 the 'Upon one hour before the planc~ 4 I"~ \\":Ilkln$: ,llong the High SUt."t.1 when I !!!:! an old fM~nd 5 \XTh:u time sh ..Uwe start our ;oumey 101'nOI'rt)\V? G SOfty we're l:lle. \\;'e were d~laytd hy Ihe truffle.
7 \Vhcn did you ~ from your holld:IYs?
29
* Thegood. the bad and [he unbearable

Listening
1 Gl You will hear five people talking about how they get to work. Choose from the h,t A-F the type of transport each person uses to get to work. Use the letters only once. There is one e><traletter which you do not need to
use
A
OKJ(Orblke Speaker 1
B
C
D
M
1&4 I
CIt
~.tk<'f 2 hiC)'de
Speaker 3 bus
SJ)i..":lkcr 4
rot
I
F.
f
underground Speaker ;
M.u<Mt"r
C'
I Jj!!
Writing
Exam practice: Report
, Look at thIS question.
vvrlte a report. A report contains filets and

information which arc often busedon some kind of
'1111 ...l.. pnrr ()( :1 leuer YOli h;1\'C received
from 3 pen
research and also may Include suggestions. The report could be written for your employer, your class or a magaZine. depending on its aims and contents. The key to writing a good report is to make the contents relevant and to organize it clearty. Here are some tips on writing a report.
Make sure you answer the qu~tion and indude aUthe relevant information. Rememberwho you are writing the report for. and how this will affect tho kind of language you usc (more or less formal). Planyour report before you start writing. Usc headings to make your report clearer. Use appropriate expressionsto give examples. to generalize and to link ideas. In your introduction. say what the aim of the report is and where the Information comesfrom. In your conclusion, summari%e.he main points of the report.
friend: we're <.loins: a prO,K."t,.1 ttl .. choo' on the types of unn-pon nnd traffic pr(lhlt."1l1~In diflcn:nl cues rou
lhe world. Could )'OU \\-nh,, Jut" ,J ,.. bort repoJ1on:! iJ1 your oounU) to indudt.., In the f"o)e<1' .
\'\'nlc:' a n:pon (Of your pen fn",'1'K1 \\ rue between 1 and words.
tao
2 Read the model answer opposite and gIVe each paragraph a heOO,"g. There IS an extra heading which you do not need to use
Advnnrages of our tronspull "Y'lern

Nc\\ dcvcloplnt111S
I'rohlcn\\ ~IO"l commoo means of cl':ln~p01t
InLruducuon l'nJ"i)C'Cbfor rhe future
Check your report for mistakeswhen you have

finished.
30
Unit
This report summarizes the results of a survey into trnfflc problems in our city. It abo describes how people travel to work and whet problems they face. The report ends with a look at possible future developments. In our city most people travel to work either by or by bus. There are very few lucky people who can walk to work. Most people own one car but more and more families are acquiring a second C~ r;
CM
The government is building plenty of new roads within the city and motorways linking our city to others. A new metro is also being planned. They Me also building new pedestrian precincts, but not enough in my opinion. I can't see many improvements in our city, except for the pedestrian streets I mentioned above. Traffic congestion is getting worse and so is pollution. There are fewer and fewer places (or people and especially children to go and relax. I think life in the city will get worse rather
than boner unless serious action is taken soon.

People who rely On buses often complain that they do not run often enough and when they do arrive, they are often full and uncomfortable. As for trains, very few people use them to travel to work because they are slow and Infrequent.
3 Youare goon9to write an answer to the question opposite. F"~1of all. intervIeW people Inyour class
uSingthe questions below.
1
''''0\\ do people usually 11';l\'(.') to \\'ork'l 1)0 Il1u,l people 0\\"0 one or ""0 c':,,...?
r l
.\ 'h~\\ (iflc n
do buses and
It''Jln\
nln?
jAn' tlU'" (.It't'!'> cbeap or CXpct\.'I\ t'"' .; 1, I''M." ltO\\''ffiI1ltml <Ofl.~JU(tlnSt :any uf Ihc: roUo"in~
JI
the rn'lll..
n\ltxttc.:I'll!
rJilllOk:-.
p;trks
hrkIJ.."'-"')
un..ktgruur'ld
Which city mentioned in this unit are these two quotations about? Hell is a city much like __ . A populous and a smoky city. (Shelley 1792-1822) Whrn a man is tired of __ , be is tired of life; for there is in __ all that life can afford. (Joluuon 1709-1784)
hUlld,n~'
f>t;.''(k,--"n:lnpt\.'C.:111C.:1 ..
() \\1wl J:'IPl'ru of cia)' life do people jotNIUble:lhollt~ - 1)0 drlvere .md p.:liC!llttJlb keep 10 Ilk' ltl).:h\\'.lY
('(I(" .. '~
1:1 \'( hUI illtpru\ cmems arc hcin~ nl.lth"o' In your cit)'? \\ hal i.. ltcllil1Jjt 'VQI'St!?
l) \\ h:1Ido ) (')\J dunk arc Ih~ pr~p(c."'I"for tiM: f\lllll\:? 10 \\ h.1I ,,"uJ.QotcstiOlls do you h:t\1;'"for Itllpn)\'jn~ the tlu.du) ur life:in your ril}?
4 Now wole your report. gM"9 each paragtiljlh an appropriate head;ng. Write belWei!n 120 and 180
words.
31
Culture shock
Artides
Reading
1 Work with a partner. Choose three tOP'CS each from the
box below and discusshow you think your country~ culture and customs are different from others. 4 Eachpan of the text containsa falsestatement about BriLlin Read the text again and underline these statemeots,
- food.
- dnnk: -drMng:
Ollr /()(It11S 1\")'o/Iy. "(' (Inuit a /01 Qjn/coJlOI.

lr(> art..LlolJ'tlilltgenHIS llrll!n
5 Compare the customs
food c.:lothcs dri\ in~ entcrtalnmem ViSiting(r"."Od .. i.nlro<Jucllon~!IIhopping gestures punctualil)

goin,t.t()UI in the evenlng mc:t.-ctnp,people (or the finil tin'H:
In the text with those In your country.What are the diffe<encesand what are the Slmilamies?
Vocabulary
Nationalities and languages
1 What do we call the people who come from these countries?
ap::tnAntcrf~c Sweden Holl:lncJ~p:dn It:ll)' C;I"(."t..'Cc Germany Fr.UlCC Br-.u..i.l C.Juat.!;t AU,o\(rJlIa Indta flu.llpry Czech RepubliC Chill~ Pol::ll1d N'urn';l) Ponugal Turkel' Iran NIJ;\."n:IEft> pt U~u:ay
2 Readthe text qUICkly and choosea heading for each pan from the box above.
Exam practice: Part 4 3 fO< quesllons I-II. choosefrom the situations A-F.
Some of the situations may be used more than once When more than one answer is reqUired,these may be g'_ .n any order
'~fuadon Or :'lfW:ltons: n13ke "'Ol3lJ (:Ilk? ~houkJ)'()U keep an e)'r.: on Ihe thnr.:? :;.huukjyou keep lour disunn.-?
In \\'hKh "lOtlkJ )'(ltl '-' ;1 :-'In;11I gift ~Ippr()]ltiitle?
n L
Ni
I ru
What othe< nationanlles do you know? 2 What languagesdo the nationalities above speak?
'"'-'-~.:::.:=::::;
Im
"
~hvukl
)'t1t1
\\1;111 in
:1 queue?
r.
ifl
~hO\lld )'OU not ask :iI)Oul people's
()ulllll'ni hellefs? 1111J.tlu you h:IVC 10 huy someone a drink? :-.houkl you :I~pcrmtsslon from }'1>Ur ho~t') can
)'HU
V.
huy :'IOIl1c.:thing(0 c::U?
32
Unit
Avoid culture
shock
"~rrods is a tourist attraction. but for shopping in London -"I other big department stores. such as Selfridges. Lewis', iil'd Debenhams. A good place for clothes is Marks and Scencor. Take a stroll along Oxford Street the main
encounter, and do not stand too close to the other person. As you are Introduced to someone you say, 'How do you dol' or 'Pleased to meet you: You need not wait to be introduced - just introduce yourself,
~shopping centre. When there are sates on. you are , owed, and eve. e~pe<ted. to bargain with the shop .. ~sta.t to tty and get a better price lor goods. II there are a lot 01 people, you should wait your turn to be served. ','on large stOlH ~Iso have restaurants wbere CUStomers ca. have lunch or a quick snack.
you are Invited to dinner at someone's home, you should :ake some flowers or a box 01chocolates. If you are invited '0 an Informal party, It is quite common to take a bottle of ne or even a few bottles of beer. At English parties men :areexpected to wear a suit and tie. If you wish 10 bring a ~nd along. that's fine, but it is polite to ask lirst. You are .,.,t expected to turn up with very expensive presents.
" Vou can 'bfeak the ice' with strangers by talking about the weather: 'Shame about the weath ...: 'Is it still raining?' or 'Bit chIllytoday, don't you think)' ~ you have brol<en the ice like this. you Can then go on to ask the person you are talking to how much money they earn. Another good '" topic lor conversation is work. However, people do not like talking about politics except in a general way, and you should avoid asking them what political party they vote for. On first meeting someone, it is also not appropriate to nsk about their age or how much they weigh .
~Ie in B"tain are ~ally quue carefuf about time. ,',~n you are invited to someone's house, you should :- her arrive on ume or no tater than fifteen minutes after _,., ome arranged If In doubt, give your hosts a ring, You """,Id be careful about overstaying your welcome. Look o..t lor signs of tiredness in your hosts. The best time to eave IS when they appear whh their pyjamas on. You can ~f,Well, I think It's time we were going ..:
II A pyb Iswhere you drink beer or other alcoholic drinks, but light refreshments are also available. Pubs serve drinks at fixed times and generally accept last orders at about" pm, II may be dillicult to get a drink alter this time. At luneh-time and sometimes in the evening, lood is served. If _"",lIy in Britain we introduce people by their fim name '" you order more than three pints of beer, the food Is free of charge, so drink as much as you can and then ask (politely) '" tnelr flm name and surname together. Most people use for your free meal. Peeple may pay for their own drinks or 'S1 names at informal parties. It is usual to shake hands take it In turns to buy a 'round', in other words, to pay for o --tl\ men and to kiss women on the cheek when you are the whole group. ~oduced to them, Do not embrace, however. on this first
33
* Culture shock
I I . I
I
Grammar
Articles -You use the lndefinite artkle <olon): when you talk about something for the first time, I've gola caecalled LtJOnardo.
::~U:~t::::;i:li:: before.
f:~i::~n(::cle s.
when you talk about something mentioned

I .. w a man WItha gun in the SIl~1 )'fflerday 7IIen 'If pulled up. Ihe man lumped in and lhe car
wilh jobs.
My (.cher IS a doctor. with singular countable nouns (when the person
drove off.
with something there is only one of.
0' thing I. not a partlc"lar one). Lers go 10 see a film tomght .

You use the eerc article <no article): Wilh abstract nouns (used in their genetal sense), plural nouns and uncountable nouns. Musk is very IITJportant to me, with most geographic.aVp'Jce names,
I -'I 10 Sp.M
,...",.... received 4 gold medal
with certain geographical/place names. ]he MedIterranean is becomlng mOl~ and more
polMed.
with
,""'/y should go
certain public places.

10 lhe
IhEaue more o(len
with something that both the

listener know about.
.peake, and
last ye
We went to the new Indian restaufdnc last night.
with certain places or situations, eg hospital, hom e, School. He has be> ;n hospilal (0' Ihree """"ks now.
, Complele mese semerxes WIth '. an. Ihe Or 13(when no artocle is needed)
__
__
2 Complete thIS lexl wilh a. an. ehe 0' 0 (when no artode

is needed).
There j" plenty tc sce ,tnd do in and arc)luKI,\lhcn.),
car i!) gjvlng mc problems:I'm gcnng

ne'\\" OOC'.
(0
bu)'
bosh d",11ljt
2 I 1M\: ltsleninl{ It> __ fnU>K:hut I un'r pbr ntu..ial in~rull)('nt.
(3) __ Acropolts, ( .. ) __ Alhen!'J>; walk rQUOO(~) __
Dld)'OUenJOY __
plly;
,\:-i:1,
(6) __
<Lly and at (2) __ "oSht \"" 1l\OSl famous sue in busy ~1J\,"\_'_!rI.IIl(_1 buy leather bas." .uKl jaCkdS; go 10 (7) __
(I) __
I 1\ly friends :lfC backp.rckmgthrQ\I~1I__
<.:In(;ln:1 lo see __ new I1hu b) __ Fn.-'1'K"h dlfi,'Clor C3U... -d Dcpardieu. 6 I hoi' e to sur ~l __ home toniJdu 1)CO;u.._"4".' r'n c:\r)l'(.1ing __ phon.: call
7 She wants to he __ actress when -he gr()\\'!rI up.
5 rrn ).:oinStto __
U1U'ICurn nr spend the cI.,y ru (he sc:INide. (;Ie-:IIl. S.IIlU)' beaches arc c;J.."IIUr reached hy (to __
bu!l or (9) __ ux rrool( (0) __ centre or Alh... :n.. t:ntc))' (11) __ QJn..Jline. vwtm In (.12) __ cic-.Ir water and then cal (13) __ lunch In (11)__ f~ .. h ~l.tur.lI1t ncar (15) __ 1x::.1(h,
In (16) __ evening. h;" c (17) __ fllcal in one of
H I hcucve friendship l...IIU)rt; unpoetaur lh.ln__ love.
1,,1\\' __
m;Ul t:.llklng (0 __
\\Ullt.1.0, __
\\'OCDJJl \"\01'10
(IH) __ many Glteo; .111(.1 rcsmurarus In (19) __ city centre. \\btl) of thc"\(,: l'\.'M.J,Uf'dnl.. can be round in
qUI~'1. J'l'k.lu~ue
nun was 3boul fift" )...... ars old. __ tloU .100 :.tnrn(\j, c.
:\1U'ol h:l\'e (21) __
"'q\&1t\" .. OC'.Ir (20) __ c-hu~ 1;lhles outside under the trees, ":.Incl),
to now k}ng ha~ je.m been in __
ho.'p'laP
and h.... I'C you can C.II (22) __ ur (2.1) __ l't':lsol1ilhh,. prtce. rur(2~) __ holkL)'
o( Creek roud
gl'1..":ll place
njoy your ..1:1)' in Alhf:1\~. u'.. (2'1) __
34
Unit
Speaking and Listening

How Cosmopolitan are You?
1 How much do you know about dlrferent cuhures around the world? Work with a pann ... and do this (lUll. If you Invite a visitor from an Arab country for dinner, which of the following should you avoid serving? pork shellfish akohol chips lettuce
2 S You will hear rive people talking about cullure

around the world. What accent does each speaker have? Match each exlfaa to the accents below. Sponlsh AUOrtlrall:an nrilbh AnlCnon
2 You are with someone from Saudi Arabia and you notice:they are wearing two watches why?
3 In which languages do the following m.an

rhank you1 Match the countries with the word. Spanish dank. French grazle Gorman gradas Italian mere;
4 What do the following mean and In which
Gcmun
3 "" Now lISten <1931t1. Which of the quesllons In the quiz

are answered by the speakers' Did you get them right?
HEAVEN,..
i.
"here the p.lic.e are
longuage1 haIfa la v;$fa arrivedettl
("'eSf Is vie
t~e'ooks
5 In which of these ccurrtrles do peopl. avoid eye contact? Japan Brazil Pakistan 6 In which countries do people tend to stand close to you when they speak to you and In which do they 'k.. p their dlstanco'? Write close
or distilnt next to these countries. Japan Britain Arab countries

Moxico Finland 7 What typically American and British gesture below means OK. but In Australia and Bangladesh is rude?
4 Complete the gaps In the cartoon above 'Mth these

8 In which country is blowing your nose in public considered bad manners'? Greece Spain Korea Russia 9 Whkh day Is the day of rest In Arab countries? Wednesday friday Saturday Sunday
10 True or false? There is no difference between
nationalitIes. Then work with a partner and dISCUSS the quesuons below. lkilbh
"':I)'
fn:nch
Gn.."Ck/).S,vi.-.s Genmn
the United Kingdom and Greilt Brit-1in.
r.'pi-Jin }()ur reasons for rompl<11RJ!II", g;1p' In .h" roo did. \\ hat '\(d'C'(;t) pe, do you know :d~ul ocher natlon.llltlt..~) 'Vh:u ,"Icn.. '()l)'~ do people Inxu ocher C(ltlnlric. .. ha\ e ::thcl\uthe people in your ('"ounlr),(00 )'00 think lhey are fi,ir lind :Iccur.ne? I( not, why nOlf
35
* Culture shock
1 Malch words trom IISIA WlIIlwords from JISt B Ihal have a slm~ ... meaning.
A
() .l
It ,... Ih c __ in some countnes In pin nK""_~ the bride: 3.OCI ~room oil .. \\t,,"(kijns: (An .Il1h hy lhou i... common "meK'lJ.(.a Ix.tnl,'ubr wuup elf pt."()plc aed is p:trt 0( I"'r "":l) of hit: ) h 'mok:ing ~::t \~' bad __ , (~.n'k'lh"", \\c do
uo
Ir\"uh pcr'''1
('USIOUl
B habn stt:li1!ht
~ltc;:d)~'_ oft{_'1l \\ilh()UI 'hlnkln~,)

,I
l'd like
,-.(Ml'Ie __
(1-':IC(5Or
details
that
!the.,.,,, hohd;I):O> III "p.lln lcil \'OU M)I1Il'thln):
reason fl':n.uad~
(.'OlllJUOI1
cJnbaIT.t:-..... :-ign:ll
accept
.lbl:xlI a -rituatiou, perwm C'\ em t.1l) h ,\1)' __ or foreign 1:lnStU'~A(!<I " nUl \ t.'I)' good
InicJrJl,ali(ln
hUlllllb,(.'
u.su:lIlr onend
re,:;u)aliol\s ordinary b~l._~ convmce
(tnrormauo and understanding ){;llnl!'d throll~dl Il!'al'l'lin~ or cxpcricncc.)
siAn
r\,,,\, ...fvc
3 Read the text To Tip or not to Tip? Which of these topics does lIle text discuss? To lip or not to Tip?
11)Can ot'tlpplng IS <I diJlkult one In leem. j:i\cn the ddl\._-rcocc-, in J[1itudc f J) __ uf Ilk' J:.Iflko And In Cud.) ' .... upp7'<'dl~ da........... ,'" "Gr.k.1) , If v ,l \\under cl",,'C.'U"'IOIU (1) __ ' ~1tK'C the tU."iuric:lI (.i) _
din.,1 prompc nlk,

rr\.'"(IU(.. 1ut)-
cause
kncwlcdge punctual
.too
2 Complele these P<1',sof sentenQ!S uS'"9 lhe correct

form 01()O@ of the words above. Use lhe def""bons to help you choose the rl9ht word.
;1
11k.'puHrr: 001(."'''' g;IV~ us
,1 __
In
,IOP_ (.\
oIioundor .m action intended to give :J Inc:'\.'I~\.) h I(o,ad_ Nlapr:d like a rrianale u.,uall) wum yuu uboiu SUllh.,:lhinR.(A nonce thai gives :1 :1 ~hc _
inlnrUl:llioll or In"iu\lctions.) th.u r,hc was U1J1o(.'Cnl. ('IOu ...;_I)' 'ionlC"lhln,l! forc.-efull)', especially when "'01l100r14: oppo-;t... yem.l
fot upping have now disJppc-.1f"C'd The word lip, iI i..., "Mid. i!> In acmn 11101lilt" "'I~n 1'0 In -,\trc Pm(npllll ...... .;-1 whk.'h w ~I'" po:..h,:d In cl,(thhw uch t.:t.'n1urr tcodoo coffee houses. J Iowever. Iht. (0 __ of gh'it\Jot:1 tip to 10\\ -p,lid wurke .....sur h a... 11l'lj(L-.,\v:lillng o;l:ltTand hellhuyo;. HOt, bock IIIU<-I, further.Ori~jnally. 1.000011 cab drivers (C;) __ .1 lip to ((l) __ them 10 ~o frcau ,\ hi 11hl' the tlukkt.:;'ol 1)10..1 ('1) __ IUlIh:". 111France, Ih(;' fl.,.'I'nl/KJI,,.boJI'l'
means, lill!r:1Uy. 'tor drinking'. TIlt' custom of h;lndin~
h If j cu __ in c.:1tl.;IIinJ,t. I \\ ill h'l\ C 10 fall you ('ru c,:onhnuc 10 do -orne...hing, C\'I,:n if .;c)Jnc,."')"l' dcx.:o.n'c want you 10 do so.j
3 J \\1 H __ did he Jti\C' for lC"d\ inJ:,hi ...Ll!tl ",,,~ CnM.' follt \\'hk-h c.xplain. ...\,h~ -.onk:lh,nt:
()\ cr tllt.' prifi' of a beer (C;\ en if Iht.' ;\\."\'I(e i..IXMWor non -e '(k'-Cern) t-. '>till CS) __ In N)nlt~ l':urup4.:.ln
l'JUTlln .....
"wJnk.'tink"S the CU$lOOIt.-r - for lack of (9)

lh"'I(lCaJ
"OfI1C (u... U,)ln-
.dlOUl
do
nta~ lU\l-4 (elO I1lut.h. t.u d' )""

bL1tef ",,:uch "aU Il'bkc d)Cir
""PJl<'1\' ) h \\ h.11".a ...the __ u( ~ 3<'l-idcnl? fA JlC1"'IOf\ or IhuVotlilJl o\,lk ......~,)nloClhing nappc:n ) :1 ~I) luudk.' __ nle 10 gt:1 mr hair t:u1. (To
Itl:,kl..M.ltrM..'Ollc do ~nlcthing. lite} 'loCI\"
~i\'in).{ guud rc:.l~)ll:ot,) h )"(}\I \\'111 1l\.'\C'r __ Int: Ih:u lhere i'l 111(-' on nlhlt 1')1.101..1 ....('1"0 nl::Jke S04uconc ~Ii(.\'c
noc. 1'1\ t.. 4.'nough. rou h3d

n,.. I.IU1"JJlb(10) __
\\ .&ICt..,.... In
un" IIllnJot10 do by
(,.'\.'hntt- koo\\n in a k>ud :ano h~"'\llh ... d \()lc'\,' ()f" h:1\\!" t'\'t!1\ lkcn "non'" II) n.:Curn (he tip tn the flO\\ hurniliJr:<i ('U~lonkt,
,""lucthll1).l, )
ij :1 I)(.)nkcy~ u ..: __
()C) GI'('k t'iI:Ulds. (Snnll'lhing th.11 ,:-. U"'\I:,I Ot (rt..'tillent.) b ,"llhuuUh ~he ill .l f;,unou...!'ilar .:-.hcIc;,ul... 1 :111 _ )1(...:. (SUulclhing ch:u i~ nor unuo;ual Of l'~'ll.lllIl ,lnr \\'!lyJ
36
Unit
4 Complete the lext using one of the words from e'ercose I .n each space.
1 Before you ~slen. read the
questions. Whal sort of .nformatlOn w.11you need to listen for? Underline the key words In the questlOflS.
5 Complete these quesuoos with an epproprlate word and then answer them,
l
. 1 __
...
I..lil'ping difficult to I..... Jrn? <.Iu,, ...the word lip conk: In)1H~ doe, the word paUrlXJlIl! rllt.'.ln' the c.:tl. ...om of JU'inlllill"'> ~111,("TU1KJofI In
2 Gl Youw.1Ihear people talking in SI. d.rferenl siluations. For quesl.ons H;. choose Ihe best answer A. Bor C.
You heur;1 man mlking about J. U'I" 10 c... crul..lny \X'h) dtd thc..'barman brin~ hlm three n\;Jrtlnl.,? A Ilc \\ ... ' \, Ilh (\\ 0 Gt:nn.ln fnc:nd~ n 11,~ l):;lm13nIhlM.lght he ", .. thu,.y. C 1-1 ...dJdn', cpeak Gcmun \cry \\cll. 1 You hc.lr
;4
t-:\lml~;' , __ dn ,\ .liter'.'>react jf lht.''Ydllnk lI\IC") have been

):i\ ,.on .1 ....1\,1U
r ,
tip?
" __
I(
)"{.,uever been cnlh:JI"rJ,"'t"'[lln ,')tlhhlY ''''hen;
\\; h)" __ r)l,,'clplc lip in )OUJ
woman ,alking on the ph()lll.
lountry)
\trhr " ..he phoning?

A ICJt11.11(can appoirumeru
),Oll .hink we should lip? \Vh),' \'(111)1 nOli'
B lU ch c ck :11'1 appointment C 10 ch;II)HCan appotmmem

3 You u\c,.'rhe;lr.1 wouun lalkinj.4..Iho,,, I..... r ~)h.
\X,'h.u UCk.'" 1tk- ""001:10
Listening
In Pan 1of the listening e.am. you wtlliinen to e.ght short extracts. The extracts will be taken trom
different contexts and may be either monologues
do?
A :-'hc l...a nur-e ::--hc L" .I re a cher. C ~1k:""'.1.JKI1);t~U.
or dialogues. You have to answer a three-pan

multiple choice question on each extract. The questions may ask you to decide:
I You h... .u- thL... conversnrion on .l train, \X"'h.lt due,., the man thin.k of ninnin~h.lln?
- who Isspeaking. - ,-mere lhe extract takes place . ..mat th~speaker or speakers are lialking about. - what emotion. attitude or opinion is being expressed. Prepare for the exam by listening to Engli.h
wnenever you can. For example, 'isten to pop
A II c.rn he Imcrc.... ting. Ii h I..tno iliA. (,; II [. ....1 \ cry nice place In Jive S You h..... .,' chi" nun lalking about a
Ih ..... JI~. \\rut
\\":l..'i
\'1 ..
,1 10 11'k>
"
his
rmpresseon .1Iu,,I'\\;1rd,'
A It \\.i'
~ plC3~nl
surpetse.
It
'\.1" too expensive.
I' ;,(
C 11"',l'" (I~tltc plL":.t'=1nl. 6 u~tcn 10 Ihb woman talking 10 ;, l'UlIl".lgU\.'. \X/hy w .r-, :..I..... l:lt~for ,vork?
1\ 'rhc- .11:l111l ctock did not HO ott'
songs. the BBCWorld Service and watch English

programmes on TV,
Underline key words when you IIslen for the

ffrst time, and make your choice,
Check your answers when you listen for the
U IIt:r \\ .nch
\V;JS
wrong.
[ lIt)
second time.
Don't leave any questions unanswered - if in doubt. guessl
C tlcl ckk.~ \\ ..~ nut \\'or"-in~ pcur)Cd>.
3 How did you choose your answers? Wh.1 clues d.d you hear?
37
,.. Culture shock
Vocabulary
Words often confused suit dress
above.
1'01going 1,0wear ~I clcwn'e __
Writing
Exam practice: Magazine article custom
In Part 2 of the writing exam. you may be asked to write an article for a magazine. An article is about a particular subject and is written for a general audience. It coutd include Information, description, your opinions or arguments for and against a topic. Tho key to writing a good article is that it attracts the reeders attention - you wanl th~ to read it! Here are SOme tips on \vriting an articfe. Read the question carefully, Make Sure you understand what is being ked for. Think about who you are writing for. What age are they1 Wha. interests do they h.ve1 Think about who you are writing for. and how this will aHect the kind of language you us. Think about how you can make your article interesting and different. Plan your artide before you begin writing. Begin and end your articte in an Interesting and unusual way. Write in a neutral 01 friendly style. Organize your article into paragraphs, each with a clear topic, Use a good r~nge of grammar and vocabulary. Use appropriate punctuation. Check your article for mistakes when you have finished.
costume
1 Complete these semences using one of the words

to the carnival
JXlny. 2 1 haven't worn a __ and tse since I gOl married. 3 tf.!he __ in Dricin (oc .he b"de and grcoen
CUt (he \vcddi.ngeke logl1hcr_
'0
.. She '\";1$ wearing a 100cly. lonStl"\'t."fling __ S I 001)' wear :J: __ On form:.1 occasions. 6 I'm goinj[ to tJ)C party in (,In("),__ 7 I'll need a klng's __ for Illy role in the phl)', M \X'e:lrlng black :'11 funerals i~ :1 __ in nlOSl European countrles.
Phrasal verbs with turn turn off turn on turn up turn out turn back turn down
2 Complele tbese sentences using the correct form of one of Ihe phrasal verbs above. Use one of the verbs
twice.
I Thcl'C's100 IUUCIa snow on tbe roo"J."Ill afraid we're !(Cling 10 have co __ 2 That 111Usic is much 100 1001d. au .. you pk."3.SC__ it __ ?
j Please __
I
I bsve
:I radio
all lhe hghu; when roo 80 to bed. in my en bUI J don', often __ ;.

i. __
~ r Ihoul!h. !he.,.. ","0,,1<1 he diffie"l. hut as
1 You ale 90"'9 (0 wnte an artICle abour your CO<JOtry for atl,nternalJOnal student magaZIne. The a.m of the
artICle IS to give informatIOn (0 IIISitOr$ SO rha( they can get rhe most out of the.r S!<Iy
Ie \vas easy. 6 \Vc weren't expc:aing H:lrr) .11 the J>Jn)' - he ;U.s1 7 \'('..:made her me offer of Ihe iob hut she __ it
I~ele is a srudent ankle. Read the atl.ele Quickly. Which country Is the student describing? Use the photographs as a clue.
3 Read the art.de again and give each pal agraph a

surLlble below
heOOing. Choose from rhe roptcs .n the box
K.I dnnk tr.anspon entertalnmenr cHnlate __.....". pplng :,ccommodJ:tion ~U\ltnll':'l ~i~h(1)l'(!lng
--
38
Unit
Travel Tips for Tourisu
-~ere art certain Wings you should remember jf you

",sn; ;0 90t t.ho """,t out of a vi&1; ;0 my country.
FI"'t of all. travelll~ .. rounel. One eooelw.y of 66elng tne country Ie ;0 travell>y train. Th. t4'~lne In rny coun;ry are ,\utl;e efficient anet not too """"n.m.ln tne t>;g cif.le6,you can take til. ~u~ Of _ tlIxl. Hltch< ~ '- quite dangerous aM should be ~. If you woont;0 get araunet cheaply. ;ry cycling.
diah. such .~ .. u~.", anel cheeee, The fl"'t OOtJr'M Ie u&ually !IOUp:the f.maulS goulash i.not " main ';ieh ~ut D eoup.
My OOtJn;ry Nr& " wide v8rie;y of wine". both netl and white. Try the white deml-.ee ToItDiMZU. which I~ pro~.l>Iy til. be"t. but quite ""P"n~ve. 6.";.;.,, wine. chore Ie "" "",ellent JocjII bee~arel Ru",Dn -od"" ..
a~ """iI81>'". whichIs very cheap.

My country I. famous for Ito colourful traditions I em~rold.ry. found on ~lou.e5. ;"bleclo1;h, etc. Typical 90uve nlre .Ieo Include eloIl. an'; clowns ll1~de of porcol. n. Welcome
-1otel.ln the ...... mmer are u.ually lull. Ifyou are etuck, try a5king for roon15 in private heueee, However. you may have 1'0 .hare a bD&hroomwtth oth.r guo.t e, Do not expect the ;0 opend a at of IJme wlt.h you: they will tend to keep :hem.elve~ to the_el ... _
OW""'"
to'::=:~j;;;;;::l ~...
-'e ersdrtlonal food of my coun;ry 16r1ch and ea."Y .rd u" lotof mea.; n"" many """h veget.ol>le5 u.teI. The eoJeIen rule Is: eat tile main meal a neh-tlme. In the .. ""Ing. lYe prefer to e.t" cold
'r<
~ il<!loreyou begin to wnte your aructe. wo<k WIth a ..artner and discuss the topics In the box In exerCIse 3. .", nk about what inforrnanoo, advice Of sU9gesbons .JU could gill!! to VlSltOfS to your country Make notes on your Ideas 5
ow organize your notes Into paragraphs. and wnte .<lUrarticle. Use some of the expressions below.
Useful language
GIVing advice '" dlIng you should remombet ,(J want to ~Iulnot to .. 5enerallzing
Ipeople lend Co...
You had beller _.. R~co". A gokIen rule IS ...

People 9etletaUy ". On IhI.> wholo ...
How tn.ln) languages are there in the world? About 200, 500 or 5 OOO? Which language come rrom? yoghurt rccip" piano karate do these 'Engli'h' banjo
CilItlV.ln
wordv
J
39
common .,
""".fly spe..f(lng. ".
philosopher anorak ten
*Review: Units 1-4

Exam practice: Use of English. Part 2
For questIOnS1-15. read the text below and th.nk of the word whIChbest fits each space.Useonly one word m ealCh space.
A famous cartoon Th(.'I'C til\: fc\v people in the world loda}t who have uru heard or 1'/(1/<'lInt.wuHe..... 71'1! /'1b"S/(J1I(",' if" broadcnst on
.,' ch:,nncl. .. nil (1) __ the world every hour
For qoesuons 16-25. complete the secondsentenceso that II has a Similarmeaning to tbe first sentence.us.ng the word given. Do not change the word given You mes use between two and f.ve WOrds ndud'ng the word qwen.
16 Berlin
t,
OOtan easy cily to
111()"C
about in.
or c\ cry
I'
d.ly. It l.. watched J'C.~uJ;If'lr(2) __ 3" 10<..'rl.."<.Ilh'(.' ,ilk) ,nllllol\ r.1l1', Rt!t.."t:'nllythe \,,"hoIesene....of 1M epl-od e-, \\;1...Dro3dCl ..t non-...op across {he l'~A -:1 remarkable J(.ilK"\t."fl1cn, for a cartoon (3) __ \\a_, -o )lI;ttll)
r\."\.t.'1\ ed ')) Ihe mltCS on iL .. fiN 3PPC~U:II1C\: (k-:1rty
)',-,," .. "(1)_-
difficult Jt
in nernn.
I wonder if you could open the wlndew. could
You couldn',
roo'
to
H;.anna.Ind uarbee a J.n..' the

Ftl."ti and \\'Ilnu "'~onc U.lnl\-1' ;100 UcU)-. In
Cl.tt~,
n..~n"bk: (ur
18 1do my best not to lhc. \\<1\' home.
get
sc.uc.:k in thc ru..Jl hour on
me
and (5) __ ncighhou,..;, I;ue 195(b Iher were
a,'oid
J try very hard hoor on the \\'a) horlle. 19 I don't ttunk ;lnfOlle JkI...sed rho tc.'1,
In
the- ru ..h
appn)Jcht.-d h) Screen Gent.' with tbe klca of pnKltu.:inX an .ulill)al(..."(1 prlme-tlme 'tv programme, SOlllClllif'lJ.t \\ hit-'h (6) __ never been clone: before. '1he JII"l'aclr l'Iul'(_'t~"(lIl creatorsor J Ill(:J'>/(.wr1')' Hound decided It) gtvc (7) _ ally. The ~1I'I)()Iti."I)\created :t SIOIt~ AMCo' nuur ted ,-'oupl<.' bill j;t:l\'C (8) __ the problems of a modern suhurban
Inmlly. The Ch;Ir.Il.'ICI'S were also given a \\'holl. lut of g,;ld~""tl'l.n.lde' )\Ion~ and (9) __ prehi"loric: Innl",ri~II~. "n,'{I., ranloos cry of )r.1bb~l dabba doc' '\.1,
did
No one they? 10 No other European city loS a~ polluted :to: Alhcn!\
111051
Athens i:.
,,11)' 11\ EUI'Opc

<\("C
or
IlOC.11fl~L
the
nil..'
.ttt(".
rc...--..c::uch into ~hi ..toec l&U)~ ,vhich helped dtCIn in the: t:R:':t1klfl 0( the 'lCnc....The ~O'llines were ha .sed ()O oll\ol:r n' ",nt.~ (IZ) __ r,undtl... and .ronr of (he ept.~"S ck.'P-"Ildt.-d (13) _ audxncc fc:ll'5.likc uncnlpk",nlclu or '_""CMnse 10 the dcncbl. 11'cn: ,\C~ also !:UQ' appear.lrk ........ h)
(JUtOU'pc,...()n.lhllc~, CJ j) __ :lS 'Lcun:lrd I:k.-m!'llonc'
\\ho ""'!'> re--rx,.l..,.DIc (":lnOOn,,,,-, earned (J J) __
pan ur the script but
\\'3!'1 made (U))
hy
21 \Vhy don't we go and cinema 1..t:1'.. go 22 The city's first building 11M: RO\'et1ll1k:nl
S}S{erl1.
a filln Innl~hf~ ulniJ{hl .. ' nO'.. ht.."inlot huih first
for FfI. "d'~ ,ott-"\.'
metro S)~cln
111C.1r1
23 Cuuki you tell me \\1'Uchf)Cf"o()fl ha., }'Utl ffiOSI?
InnUt.'nl(.-"<i
greatcst
\x'l!o 2. Lo(Kkme~ proud
I,ondo(lcr ...
"YMCJ11,
and
'~IOO)' Ct.lrtj,'
Intlu(,n<'e dn rQUf uS<.'Ci 10 pride rhcnl."<!lvt..":S 011 chcil
Ill'\ h.ltd 10 bcli<.:\'c U.xl.olY th:u SOIlte orche rc\I ... \\'~ nf the fil~t cpl"lKlc (I~) __ ~ICIU;III}' \'cry !-x.d 'rod:!)' II i~ onl' 0( Ihe nlo,t popubr (':l.nOOll ...un lV.
lr.Ir'lSport syslent thcir tr:u,spult
2'; \'(hen did rou scan bt.:.c-n

110'"
10
Ie:lnl Jnulj.,h~ L:nJ.tIi~\f
40
Review: Units
Use of English. Part 4
1-4
Exam practice:
'or quesllOnS 26-40. ,ead Itle lexl below and i0oi: carefully al ~ Irne. Some 01 the lines ate <DrTect. and some have a word willeh should oot be lhefe If. Irne Is ()(rea. put a IlCk(.f). If a ,rli' hasa WOfd wIlidl should oot be lhere. writeItle WOfd.
Eating abroad
26 Eulng our In uch(.'f COUIlIt1e.... :1R;)tuldthe wodd (1'InIU Iw \,\'1)' difficuh; (he words 1.7 We \&.,. n\;IYseem sinlilar bUI they are oficn mean Clin'l'n.:nl thill~'i. Tuke scrambled be l"~. An AIHCI'k:'.In \VQUL.lnvbitin~ Thailand deckkxl 1(1order hrt!':Ikr;lst at un -2') CJul(k)ICW reerrturaru. She asked for scrambled eggs nnd thc wnhcr IU1$answered. _.iO 'YIo-'ott of ('('1.11'80. SL"I':Ullbl), :113.\'\Ie make velY good l'Icr:uubl)' ug.' A shon tune later -31 I~ returned hack with two fried eggs, :>tlnn)' skk: up. 'No so,' :I:lid the \\'0111:10, -32 'I ordered thctn M'r;:lInblt.:d.' The walter nodded :lllti $Inilcd her arld look the eggs 3,~ back 10 Iht: kitchell. However. once more :lj::ainhe I'\."{unl".-<Iwhh two fried eggs. -31t Thle thne the woman s:.id elowly, but with gte;}1 Clllph, ... I... 'Nu. no. '('f;.1.nhk."tI. like -35 (hL.... .' lIltl !ohc 111JcJC UP;'I very clt."3r Silmng nlOCion,,'.th her h.ltxls. '1lC waiter _.Yl ncxkk:d ~Ind ;t r\."\\ minutes later he came tu('k with (\\'0 foed C'AA"He spun nJUlld -37 on hl.. roes and (hen 5l"l tile pl31C;in the fmrll o( tk.'r w IIh a :r.illi ..fi\.--d ann. 11lC:ntbcre -38 \\ J .. the 8nu..J, (oun.'\{ in the: Madrid wbo h.1d:l ..;clf'l .. poe (Of rno.."U"OOII1...and did nOi -39 kr'Mx\' chc !'Io~lnl .. h \\'on! (OC'them. TIle 100M chc.."'t.'tfully look (lui .1 pK.'\."C u( a paper -to .Ind:l ')\,'1'k:il .and drew a picture 0( his favocrne dbh . he \\.lact:rf'kJlk.k..-d .uleI 2 (.ulpk ol.HU'Uh .. >:oo Incr (.':IIl)Cback \vim an ulubn:ltJ --
---

"" questions 41-50, rend Ihe lexI below. Use Ihe word gIVen In capItals at the end of !2Ch liM 10 form a word that fits in the space in the same line. llaklng
-:1) __
.$"3
friends and keeptng them

pcopk'
i:,
'b.king I'ricnc.lo;. ~II\U(,\1) __
a gifL Ihal some
JNFI.l'I:N<;I~
pt0I'>lc wem It) be hom \\1111'1. while for omen. II
I'kdllh:u h:l.. In be (.13)__ through practice and .;.::;L"'d \\urk It i.,.. hu\\"-'"',l. ..., (..4) __ 10 knew that flX'"'1..kIIL~. ...... !'tk..'1JL3rt) (1'\) __ ..kIll,. can be learnt and chal e.. eever
I.I'CK
ACQl1lJlJ:
CO\II'OMT
I'
~lCIE'n'
)0 latl'" 10,,;,.,1IfllpfU\'in~
!:is possl1l1c 10 nuke )'OUt-"-'.Clf mcec popular and even 10 be centre 0( ( t6) __ .u p.lnM:~if you folkx.\ the:
=:e
,"') __
In Ihi... k"Jf1l.1
An,.,!)
AD\lSF.
.3 someone make-, .t .ni'I{"Jkc.ul 10 avoid (48) __ dK'nl --qeJd. pr... otClld )"\)IU h.&\'<:n). notit't."(l me tlli....c.ake 0( .s:a}':-.ollldhil'lR ~9) __ \\ c .tli NCI d~pl't's..'-'Iol.-U~It linl\.':; and most JX.()plc ~ \\'dhnJt 10 be ("S()) __ bUI il does geL :l bil Iirc:.sonlC h..... dl in~ 'IiO'!!!~nc ~nlluhll' .llIlht lin~,
eRnlC E.'1COI IIJ\GI:

S"~IIIA1'IIY
41
Comic genius
Past simple and past continuous
Reading
1 Work with a partner. Talk about the things that mak~ you smile or laugh. Do you find any of the following funny? - peoplerallin~ (}\'t."r jt.(..~ IX "",I<- =k;n~ Ihe.,,\."<."1\\.":' look ,:,lupid
A Comic Genius
11i~early life was a time of g~.u hardship. He was bom in a vt.'1'Y poor port of London. but his (amily '\fCr..: .ll (il"tt well off enough 10 ,l((()J-d l) mald. However, while he wac 'llill.) child. his family gradually 100tcvcrythtng. His father was a comedian and his mother worked as a dancer and ftingcr. NeJUll!r poor that, i'tt one ttme, ho and hi~ brothers had only on(' pi'll I' or shoes between them and the)' had to take turns 'v rearing them. Iii", (ather eventually deserted the Iamily and latef died of alcoholism, The ~lr,'in caused by this desertion affected h... Inolhcr deeply. Her career fell apan .lnd in the end she 10 became insane. When hi .. nlOther had to go into an asylun" he 'vas '!'.t.'nt to an erphenage. The fir.,,"i time he hlm~lf earned ilny money was by dancing and smgtng when he was only five ye.ln. old. As. young boy he had many different jobs, but what he loved In~ of all was working in the theatre. As he said in his I~ .1utobiography. he felt quite 'at horne on the stage, in more \V.1YS than onethe stag" became an escape from the pain of his (tunily Hfe,When he was about fiflcell, he joined a truvclllng theatre oompnny nnd \vent on trips to Arnerlca. On one such lour he \\'.,:, offered a pari in a tilnl,~) he went to Hollywood, \v -here eveutuatly he became both an actor and a filn' director, ." In hi:, films we sec the influcnCl' of his early life: a strong {~hns of pity for the poor, a romantic view o( women (he worshipped hls Inolhcr) and a love of applause. His comooi(."Cii were Immediately successful. A~ well as making policemen look foolish, he dlso often used the si.... tion where people find themselves in a ridicultKI position, but refuse to admit they hve .1 problem. !~ The best example of thl'" , the drunken man who, though obvlou ..ly drunk in the '\'01)" he walks and talks, trles 10 pretend he has not touched a drop, One of hi.!tn\~l famous role ...i:t the lillie tramp who tries bUI fails to be j1 gentleman. and so makes us laugh. III" (Ilnl" are not always comic: Ih!.1)' llr(' often :,c1dand some, like nu' Creat Dictnlor, contain n strong political nlcss,-,S~' "~I As a director he was known to be a perfectionist and somerimes made actors repeat a scene mnny Hmes until he was finally ~11... fled with it Many of the people he worked wlth found htrn mean and tyrannical, but it was probably his early experiences of poverty that made him 50 .,n","IUU~to be successful, He b undoubtedly the mo:.t popular comedian uf .,11lime. He died " In S\\;!zerland in 1977 .tt the age of 88. There is 00\\' a statue of him in London, the city of hi> birth.
M)
~ of them was very :-.ucc-l'S..,ul and the family had very little money, 111cy were
- 11101'"
the \\":..l)" pt.'(>pJc \\ atk - Ilk."\\ .1)' people dr c~
(unn) face...
2 Read thiS texI quickly. It is about one of the most famous aclors of this centUiy. Can you guess
who 11IS?
His name is
Unit
Exam Practice: Part 2

3 For questions 1-7,choose !he correct answerA, 8. C Of D.
Although the (:IIHil~'were
4 Answe( thesequestions about the text.

\,\'I,:ll Illigllt 1\!1\'Ccaused Iii!'. farber's 3looholislll? .2 How did the fihn director' fCl.:lin.gsabout hts mother show in hts \\IUti.:? j Compare his e:lrly life with his life when he became
ran)()\JS and $\I<:<:t:~rul. HO\v do you think hi..~ lifc~yl(,! (:h:'ngcd~
poor
A they get oo well with each other. 13they quickly became Inmoux. C things hnd once 1x"C1l 00(,"1'. I) rhey were able 10 make ends meet. 1 I [is mother's career ended when
A she began 10 drink tOO much.
Use of English and Vocabulary

1 Work with a partner and dscoss thesequestions.
Ilave you seen :U), of Robin \X'iJlialllS' filius?Describe IhcL11to your partner.
\\":1,,)
a she , .."c'ne 111ad.

C her husband len her.
I) she became roo old. 3 \X!h.n he liked

1110St
;,.1>0\.11 the rberure
\,\'hal kind of Ch:1l-:u~t,-rs i~ he playing in the picHlrc.v
A tluu it helped him (0 forger hls problenu s,
\,\'hich do you think
\\':15 the
nlOS(difficult role
[0
p!:ty?
the money he c~lrm ..xl. C the applause of the audience. th:lt his: family worked ihere, I
(I)
o o
what wny did hI....t:arly life afTL'C1 hi.:>work in
<'11"::1)):1)
A He wanted (0 Il):lkc people I:tugh.
8 J-Ie nude
C
111111 about his mother.
ue showed liM! lire or the poor.

111::111
I) He warned hi:" films to make money. 5 The drunken
i~ (unn)' because
t\ he bebnve, l'>crioI,J,:,I,.. 13 he talks in :1 drunken manner.
C he behaves us if he is sober. D he keeps f:~lIingdown. 6 His films can be described ~IS

A just entcrtalmuent. B political and 1'01I13Jllic.
serious and
\V:1$
comic.
D love stories.
7 \l1hal he like as a ditector?
t\ He wax difficult (0 please, 13 lie \V"J.S keen to please everyone, C llc wa s al'l:xlous 10 finish.
1) He
\V'.lS
nc'\'<:1' ~:lli~fiedwith his work.
43
* Comic genius
Pan 1of the Use of English exam is. gapped text. followed by filteen mulliple choice questions with four options. Thls pan of the exam focuses on vocabulary Md fixed phreses. Prepare io this part of the exam by learning! - whol~ phrases rather than just individual words (on account of not account), - words that have a similar meaning. - phrasal verbs. 2 For questions 1-11. read !his text about Robin Williams and decide which answe< A. B.C 01 0 besl fits each soace.
Another comic genius

Robin \"'\:'1l1f!l1111'> \\.1$ t'I~,lIh'(." and p:ifh.'dfrom an early a~c. II c \V;l~ a/an (I) __ child und III school was nlwnys u (2) __ f>uf)iI:he wrestled,
mn cross-counuv und worked (3) __ at his srudlcs. \~:th cn be
"':LS
... 1:<lt.'1.:0 hil'>t':.ul-.errook t":uly l'ctirl.:"lC'nl and (4) __ Ihe f:llnily I() Tiborn. near San Francbco. \Vhlle Nobill was -rudying at O:II\.'IUnnl \feo's College, he (;) __ dlC:.ltr c Jnd 1.." :1 rcsuh, he abandoned hb lMJUk.,. (6) __ his father \\3..'> JI n~t\CI)' c.lbp4caSc..-d \\hem Rollin \\on.1 full ",,holJ.rs.h.ip(0 1'1",,' Yo<l(s C71__ )ulll.rd Drama School. hc did "'" ,und on Ius (8)__ Robin ",)",(] ,n Nev.' yO<!< foo coople of IC'''' II"", he (9) __ to San Fr.lncisco. 3 Cit)' he has lived in It. Ihi' dl), and one (or ",1\i(.h he Iceu.. real (10) __ . J~)rturn. if~ the nUl"ot beautiful Cit), in the world and :t grem place 10 (11) __ kids. IJ Irn:I~ln:tlive I~ ",0<Ic1 II ",'sUy II tra ve 11<'<1 dL~'Cf\:d II r""nd 6 A IIO'Yt'Cvcr I) A1thoojth - A 3dmir<'(] II known S A \\'2Y " Rl.;ld 9 A 3m\'OO II "'y<!d
10 A 1 A 2 A 3 A 4 A 5 i\
In the exam, read the whole
text quickly to get a general undemanding 01 what It Is about Read the text again. this time 'ooking at the multiple choi(eoptions and the words jusl before and alter the gap. Say the sentence to yourself, trying each option in the gap. Which one sounds right? Check your anSwers by reading the completed text. Does it make sense?
lmagjnnry classic quickly drove
II
auraoson grow
U rl();<ot.II$:,i.l
B grow up
C fnmastic n IIlylhlc":lI C superior sl'olli C hard r.I<' C retched l) IT'I()\'~I C performed o ~ut't.'\._,(ie<1 C ~lort.'O\-..:r o A' C fa,nou."; o 1\.'I'<'<Iflll C mule o ,rock C lived returned C :llTccCion o connernon Crise D "'JI~
o o
3 El Now listen and
check your answers.

4 Forquestions 1-10. read lhe next p.an of the text about Robtn Williams. Use
the "",d given In capotalsat the end of the space ,n the same ~ne.
each line to form a WCfdthaI filS on
Robin \\7illi:lOlS likes S.ln Francisco because no one .nakc_" :0 fuss about (I) __ him. 'I've been there $4) lonH Ihc..y'rc geuing a bil (2) __ wirh me.' he told (3) __ ' " J.,'t')( Illy firsr big break when I mndc a guest (4) __ In II"my /)(IJ'S OIl TV 11'1 the 70.-, , Willi;Im.. .. wsa~ a (S) __ .1c;IOI' right from Ihe start However, his flrsl 1110\ ic rU{lt.!)'C wns ;J critical (6) __ . lie was :.lbo drinking 100 moch aoo his (7) __ \\"ol' looiting shaky "Tbere were three or four (~) __ inside him U)'in~ to
SEE
IlORE HP.PORT
;.\PI'EAJ{
SCCCIiSS
FAIL
MARRY
gee
OUL' ~)'" IIL.'tr1\aI\.'$t(1'. lie found a new (9) __
PERSO~ DIRECT
wben he married \laN',' GrAC\:, 'Their rel:llion..hip bejtan when she made an (10) __ to become nanny 10 \ViUb.n\S' first son. Z<1i..h,
APPLY
44
Unit
5 Match words from ht A with words from lISt8 that
ha"" a Slm~armeaning.
\ 1)
Speaking
Exam practice: Photographs
1 Cornl)areand contrast the photographs below. 2 Answer thesequestions.
\\ hlch of 1Ik."S<e films would }'OU pn:rt.:r 10:wn~ \Vhy? "'h.u j:-. )'OUr f,a\'ouritc kind of fihn?
tlL'I,lc.,,,,ed
,nodel flnel Oul
mad
(ondn(.'.!'os
go back
unhappy
arfl.-.c1lon
~up \\'cmclng return
f:lntastic
dCSUO)'
r.tL.-.c licen on 31 .... ndun

(\\0
(ondof
llTtl,giOOh\ C
abandon
Sfinstr
ideal
bring up
gtve up
(li... cover
I-tI'C'JI
C1'\.";III\C
3 Work WIth a partner and talk about your faOulIte funny 111m. Use the questionsbelow to help you.
Whu :'rc the mam ('har:lac~
\Vhcrc and when is the story see \'\fll:" h.lppcn~ in the :ilOIY?
in ...1I1C
1I1e.lIl dl.'st'fl
ruin
retire a couple of
What examiners like ...

Examiners like stuc:tentswho:
whit they are dOing. answer questions as fulty as they can.
I ar~ friendlyand sound interested in

(an as.kas well as answer questions. arc not afrllid to say that they don't
understand. Examiners don't like students who: look bored and miserable. only answer questions with Y.1 or
no.
don't lislen to other people. L____ _
45
'* Comicgenius
Grammar
Past simple and past continuous
You use the past simple:
for events or actions In the past.
2 Explain the difference of senll!nCes. a
In "",arung between these pairs

the I'f"Kld
'nle Hid man cros-ed
At school he wrestled and worked hare/at his studies,

for l\abits in the
h 'I he old mall \\'3S ere ..~in~ the road. 2 u lt w ~ ~l1o\vi11Jt when we ~Cl1 10Sofia. h II M10\\'cd when \\'C gor co SOIi:I.
When Iwas)'OUfl9. ddy.
pan. we got up at S'" o'dod: ~
You use the past continuous: fot actions in progress in the paist. Iwas working on my maths homework all evening
.i a People were dancing :100 ~inJ.tiI1S \\'hen I gOt 10 the parry. h People danced and : U\Awhen I !lnl 10 the pan). 'I When I saw the police I ran (or (he bus, b \\1tcn J $3"" the polin: J \\,.1.) running (or the OO!). ~ J E\\.'f}lhing was t,lIOing 'mooth}) when the t":lnhquake happened h F.,cry1hing went smoothl) \\ hen the earthquake
11<. PIX'O<.'().
for an action that was In progress when another

action happened. The second action is In the
past simple.
3 Complete this text USing the correct Iorm (past simple

or past continuous) of the verbs in brackets, lVe I'do [ust had 3 nice meal and I ( I) __ (look) OUI of tI~window, admiring Ihe hc._tut) 0( the cklulb 1'"..."h,n8 (2) __ (go) <mO<lchl) ;lnd I sad co 111)",,1(, 'F1png is greod' We (3) __ (have) l\l5l hal( an hour (0 go before bndin~ and I (i) __ (feeD Pn:lt)' n..-bxed ~..hen the r.uht'f I:lr~ woman "'he> (~, __ (SIC)next to me ,uddenl) 'Iolrtt.'tl telling Ole the Mor),of her life. She (6) __ (w car) a fuxurioue fur co.n because she 110:11<1 she (7) __ (feel) cold,
!'ihl. \VOI" so large 1h:1[she (8) __ (trike) up rlOt only her own seal, but half of mine too, She everflowed nne 111)' !OC;:3t like a big. (\&11")' nnhual. t\' ~he spoke, I (9) __ (pretend) 10 read IUY newspaper, squashed
While he was studying at coRoge he became
mterested U1 drama.
10ractions in progress at the same time in the past. The wind was hcwIing and It was SI10WIng heavily. 1 Complete these sentences using the past SImple form of one or the verbs below in eaen space.
1~1(.h
break
choose become
lie ri(1e
sIcal feci
fall lay
'111(,"3lhJL"'(C __
'he \\ ortd record for the: 100
metres in
2 He __
1996.
10 study Int:"dK-inc because he "'301c..oc;I (0 help people. j Aflcr eating three PIC;:::'o and '\\0 iCC creams he __ 'kk. i We were so poor \'\'C __
like.a. <wrdine in my seat. 1(10) _

\\'orl\Jo',!, veeee droning
(._itn)hear the
on above (he nOL('(! of use
t."81ne~
5 lie: __
to eurvfvc. Injllioo;urc \\hen he \V"I' 1\I':i1 21.
focd
'Those (II) __ (bc.o) hard lim,,,: ,he ....ocJ. 'In tbose (.b~. then: '\'-'R! twelve 0( ", 11\,lng under the san-.e
roof ,Ind we hardly (12) __ (h:,,'e) enough 10 ear.' t thcughr she (13) __ (do) her he.. 10 make up for
6 SIll.:'__
luaths and physk":'l:unul she retired in

off Inlo the dtsrarwe.
1998.
7 lie gOLon his hor.,t.:and __
ft: \'(lhUt:.she made the rood, her hu!'h:lnd __ the t~bJc, 9 j le \V'.&:lo so tired he __ on the I~ and went .;trJlglu 10 sJeep. to 11", budding __ down durin~ rbe earthquake.
it now. She had taken a I,.uor lh()CoI'lh! Out of her h:ln(.(I-,;,& and (14) __ (Iry) 10 unwrap JI, which (15) __ (he) difficuh because il had melted and \\'0$ $licking to the paper.
46
Unit
finosh these sentences
USln9
the past SImple
Of
the past
conbnuous.
1 tl7tllt! I II fI~slull.yftlR/or11~'t exa'U.f.. ",)' brother 1Il(,~ htJIJf"8 a pany. ... '8f11tl(''l1 a 101 ollt:c~/tf. 1 \\7hllc I \\In, ~ludyinJ.tfor rn)' exams, ... 2: \V1u.:n I heardthe good news ... , 3 \\ hUe I was walnng for the bus, .. oi \X1)cn I hl"$l (;UUI: to this school .... 5 \\hcn I ,,,'Ukc 'If) lhbomoming. ,. 6 \X'hUe e\'t..'1')'Onc \V;LS h.. aving 3 good tunc party.
Listening
1
!3You Willhear
a radio discussion. Read the qu~stions.
What do you think the discussion is going to be about?
Now lislen and check your answers . Exam practice: Part 4 2 ElFor questions 1-7, choo5e lhe best answ!!r A. 8 Of C
oil
Ihe
1 f.1()t."\long 1135 ~nch::u:1 been learning lhc rouN:o' A :1 year B a ),'(..".:11 .and a half C three )e3rs
IJM
rocabu'ary
rord formation
2 110"'- Inan)' people have wnuen letters of cclfnplalnl about the coursez A
B
a
:a
101
d01A."O
Complete thIS table. Sometimes there are two possible adjectives.
C a few
H
Wi
noun
3 The ""jonl)' of progr.>mmes the studenu w.,ch are

A CUI""'" films B soap ope!':... C lV comedies.
appear fail nurr')

inl~8lnc
amuse
attend
create <fcdK":ate
4 \Vh:1tis the aim or the course on corncdy? A 10 find out wbru makes people l;luSh B to COt1IP;U\: humour in the pa$1 \Vilh locL,y R!C]" C to compare Urilish and American
hUfTlOUt
sense
proft!"-..
--remarks and make
Complete these sentences USIngone of the words from me table above.

1 like frlends who rn.:lk(,: __
5 In COffipafi'WM"l WIth the JXlSt. chiJdren loday A have 3 grcate- role to play. n arc uot a~runny. C arc beuer behaved.
in coml.-dteS
H.W
Ole 1:IU~h,
2 \I:uh~ is M} __ I neatly feJlasleep I:I~I 1\.,: ..00 :- RC:ldinA de' clop, a child's __ at un earty !lh'C' Leltcr~look nKH'C __ if they arc typed rather than h.IJ'KJ." rhlen ot (thought "Ihe'd he 3ngr)', but Anna \\":15 quae __ by ,,,,,-,, 1",PflCncd Uter 1\\'0 __ marriages. he i." plOlnninA,to I1l.1rry (or> Ihlrd II"",. - ~Iyuncle h.l~ __ his life to scientific rescau.h . .. 'ou ~houlcJn"t[udge people by their __ : Jf ... their pe,~on:llhy Ih:ll matters. h LS__ 10 nvokl rich foods if you :Irt fl."Clirll-till.
A situation (ol1l(."(ly t\ is uboer old people. D is about the \Voly we
C is
"bot" on:lln.ry people.
see
women.
7 How arc ~udcnl.sexamined at the end of the cou~ A TIk..1' wme ~'Ii,).ys and make 3 Aim. n ThC)' gel ~ rmrk for Iheir homt!"ork, e They wmc 1"'0 essays abcur a film.
What other subjects would be interesting to study al university and why?
47
* Comic gemus
Vocabulary
Phrasal verbs with take
1 Match the phrasal ve<bs m list A ...,th their mean"'9S in kst8. One of the verbs has two ",eanings
1\
I I<C after
B
bcgln to like someone
uralcrcand :10 K1~ return somerhlng sulx r; act
1,lke: b.rck
I;,k\.' l"\,.IY 1.lk.., in
take
urr
'licluOc in :U1 hlnemry

leave (he ground (a plane) resemble someone
U-.c/OCClIJ)Y
1.lke 10
take up
2 Complete these sentences using the correct form of

one of the phrasal velbs above Use one of the ve<bs twice
\\ ben I nll''CJohn I __ him at 00l'C. 2 She "'P*t: "()(Ji.... I C'oukJn"1 __ \\klr ...... \\ ..... '1)108 .i Corr\.~1.ln~ hOf1lC,vorkis impoetanr but it __ .1 101
u( Ihue.
0' Doc )Ullr (au" or hair __

Ij
Florence ;lnd \ cnlcc~ il __ In
Writing
Exam practice: letter of application
In Part 2 of the writing exam, you may be asked to write a letter of application. A letter of application could bewritten toan individual or an organiz:Hlon. The purpose of the letter could be to apply lor a job, a scholarship or a place on a course. Here are some tips on writing a Ierter of application. Make sure that you include all the ,e"vant informatiOtt that is asked for. Use an appropriate styie (formal or semi. formal). Remember to include: the reason why you are writing, personal details about yourself, your qualifications and experience and the reasons why they should take you.
If)oo __
32 frtMll 100. what do you J,:cl?
(, The <:1)recorder \V:15 (aull~':\0 I __ 111(.',..hop. 7 J mn nul like 111)'Inurn nnd dad; 1__
CC(lf),IC.
Illy lIfH:k.
Words often confused imaginary imaginative fantastic fantasy imagination
3 Complete these sentencesusing one of the WOlds above Use 001' of the words twice.
II~ \..rotca ~K,.'fKC fic..1ionnovel about.1 :In_ pC.lnCI l \\'t.: '-J\\' u/an __ 111"1 13..."1nif!;ht - you should "_'C) and l\ot,.'C n. i I'ln noc !,Oir)K In lell you bow to solve d)C prnhletn. u~t, )(1(11' __ ,j She is a vcr)' __ child: she's always Inakln~ up wunderful vortc .... ~ III.:, (;'Ir'u,u'lte __ IS that one d:l)' she'll win the 6
I.o<IC,)" II \\ ,....:l/:l11 __
1 look at th.squestion.
You have been ~Hldying Hllgli'>h for ..... -veml ) C.II')I:111d would hkc to SO (0 Britain 011.1 ~UUlll1l'l'(;out~ 10 inlprO\ c your spoken fllgJbh, Ut;;ldthe .uh'.:nl"CIHl'(U :iI)()\ C' .tncl wruc a leuer ~ppl) I"g for a 'f.:hulaMlp. \X'nle between )20 and ISO wcrd-,
dream, (ull of -arangcJX--opte rind
c~()1kpbee-.
48
Unit
Oxford Academy for English

172 Banbury Road Oxford OX2 SJA
Real English in an English environment

small groups intensive work on grammar and vocabulary
communicative practice with native speakers

exciting social programme and excursions
accommodation with local families

This year we are offering len study grants to students from abroad. To apply for a scholarship you must:
write a letter lolling us about yourself and why you

Ihink you deserve one of the scholarships. provide evidence of your level in English be living outslde the United Kingdom. submit a r~f~rence from your English teacher. Send your application to lucy March at the above address.
Learn real English, the natural way
2 Here ISa letter wlillen by a student

Interested In attending classes at the Oxford AcacicllIy.Complete the I~tler using the words and phrases below. \\ ould like
fl.J"M of all aj-o
Dcar M. MD",Ir. (I) __ In ora., to opply lor on.

for eummer """r.c ofth. &cholDrehlp6 ... ~ the OxforvJ Acaclemy.
you Sre offering
h:a\'cbeen~Iuttriflg
J
.IIH \\ rillnll
(0
18m .event.een ye.r. old and (2) __ Engli~h for five y.,or e, I poo.ed my Fll'6t CertlflClilte In June 1997. I have Just started a course 1 d"1Gto the Caml>ridec Proficiency. hAy mother U>I1!!"" is French, but I 01"" know
kJOk rvn,"'.anJ
,.ncet'Cly
some German. I (3) __

to "6II .... y I !.hlnkI ohould "" .. Mlnled 0"" of !.he o;cholal'6hlp5. (4) __ , Eng oh i6<lne of my fSYOUnte&u1>ject6 and I have been~ett:in9 <!ood rra~ at school. I f~ that no.., I ""ed to pract:ise ..... c I haw: learnt" rea SrlOuations. lwou;'; (5) __ .,"" to knowmore about 6rit:i.h life snd cultu~ lam very intere5te" In IrcerateJre sn" lot of Engll5h book~ and magazine&. My f.vourlte Engli6h author Ie Chrlotie snd I have alway. w8nted to eee the places wtrere her OStori re set,
3 ""bele""h p.lragtaph In the leiter

ISIngthese notes who ),ou aft'
(or \\ ritin~ ~ fin ..l LfMluucnl,
- (\.'"J50I\
\\hy )Uulk."'-Cf\C.1 '<.:hol.lrNlip - "'l",ninll"n .: Now It's your turn. Wrrte a leiter of -.pplrcalroll to the Oxfold Academy. vote between I20 and 180 words.
r.s""'-.. "'t:IItJ
I enctcee " letter of r.fere"ce from r"Y English teacher. I hOpt give Iny applicJ.1tlon cal..,ful con.ldcrotlon.
you
will
I (6) __ Your. (7)
hearing
from you,
Michell. Legrand
49
Talking sense
Comparative and superlative adjectives
I Why we
need two ears

I
1 Both our ears work in the same way. Even jf you only had one ear that worked properly, yO<J would stilt hear
2\ Our ears work best at listening to sounds like music or people talking. but animals have ears suited to different needs. Some animals can hear notes much
hlgher than any sound your ears can hear. and others
have ears that work best for listening to very deep ~) notes. Some animals can hear faint noises, while others
are completely deaf.
sounds and understand them. But having twO ears helps us find out more about what is going on around us. With two ears we can telt which direction a sound is
coming from.
I
Ears act as direction finders because sound arrives at one ear before it reaches the other ear. Your brain measures the difference and ilutomaticalty works out
HI
Sn.kM do not have ears at all and people used to think they were deaf. But we now know that they <an hear sounds through a bone that lies under the skin of their ... ~ face. The bone vibrates when the atr or the ground vibrates. Most insects are deaf but grasshoppers can heM through their legs. They coli to one another by making chirping sounds with their legs.
the direction of the sound. Even very young babies to look in the dire-ction a noise is coming from.
turn
,0
As we grow up. we get better at working out where noise Is coming from and how far away the thing
Iii
Oogs have 5uperior hearing to us; they can hear notes that are higher than those we h.ar. If you blow a spedal dog whistle that makes a very high note, you wilt not be able to hear it. but any dogs nearby will hear the note and might come running. You may have noticed the way dogs twitch their oars to and fro: they
making the noise is. This skill Is called directional hearlng and It was very important to our ancestors. They had to be able to track animals to hunt food, They also had to know which way to run when large animals were tracking them,
,~ do this to find out where a sound is coming from.
To demonstrate some of these facts. try this

experiment. furniture. Find some space In the middle of a rocm,
making sure you Wild animals still need thIs skill today, and many of
.tI'
tJl
ate at a safe distance from any
Now stand up straight WIth your hands by
them have better directional hearing than people. Bats,

for instance,use~o.locatlon to find their way in the
dark. But directional hearing is still a very useful skill

for us too. If you heard someone shouting for help, you would know which way to run to get to them.
!iii
your side. Raise your left or right leg. it doesn't matter whi<l1.(an you stitt stand up straight? Try the same thing again. but this time plug one ear with your finger so you can't hear. Now plug both ears, Slillstanding on one leg. Hold this position for about a minute. What do you notice1
50
Unit

::hoose a phOlograph and describeit .'/hich of these animalshave good hearing?
7 Answer these qoestons about the text.

2 .'/ho or whal makes the following sounds? rwiuer squeak whistle b.1.tk chirp hiss
cry nOIC' ~h()UI \':thy do souods reach one ear before the other? 2 \-xthy was directional hearing important 10 our anc~IOl's? ,; In whnt "':Iy~ do animals have beucr hearing thnn people?
3 :::J listen to theseextracts.Who or what is making
each sound?
J can hear someooe/somcthlng
+
.( IIO\\' do ~11;:Ik~h~al'? 5 \X/hy do dOW' twuch their e:lrs?
-tng
2 3
4
I CI'" henr birds tItJiIlf!r(Tl8.
8 Findwords in the text that mean:

- discover (phrasal verb) (I'XU1 I)
_ _
- happening (phrasal verb) (part 1)

- the place or point lo\v:'lr<b \vhich .'ionll:l.lLin.gmoves
t[X1I1 .l)
>-------4 Decidewhether these statements are true or false.

\'(Ie need
fur
:I\.... a)".
l'.... O ears $0 we
can hear soonds Ircm
2 Dogs can hear highe!' note .... than we can,

3 Bats use sound (0 find their \\':1)' ill rhe dark.
; Snakes nre deaf. 5 C rasshoppeo- have
ears in their legs.
5 Readthe text quiddy and check your answers.
when something works b)' itself (part 2) manages to understand (phrasal verb) (pan 2) :Ihilir)' to do someihtng well (P:1I1 3) follow the path u person or an animal has taken (pan 3) nOI loud, not clear (p~lrt5) shakes slightly:and quickly (part 6) beuer (pan 7) n musical Instrumem that 1l1:1k(:$ ~I high-pitched sound ([xII' 7) make 5111311. sudd<':1lmovements (part 7)
Exam practice: Part 1 6 Choose the most suitable heading from the list A-I for
each part (1-8) of the text. There is one extra heading which you do not need to use.
A Slr.1ngc C':)I'S
9 Complete thesesentencesusing ll1ecorrect form of

one of the words above,
In which is rhe central post office from Ilt!te? 2 Charlene's 111011lh ns she tried to stop herSelf Iroru I:lughhlg out loud. 3 \'(/hen t asked whnt was sue rcfu.. sed 10 lell
A \'01)'
old skill
C ;\ \-:tricty of ears o Two ears nrc bene!" 11l:.1I')one

E How ens hear F Ear~ rUI' ,.,ecing in the C A lin le lest
foe. 4 \'('h~llkind of dugs do the police
"'I~ 10 help them
____ crimin:II:-I? t felt really pleased whh myself the other dny when
Wick
H A built-in skill
t Sounds we can', hear
I how In usc the present perfect in English. 6 whar SOln\.1.inlC:' causes'he ground co and houses (0 f:,II? 7 \\;/ha( du you need to be a good rnusician!
51
* Talking sense
Grammar
Comparative and superlative adjectives
To form comparative
and superlative adjectives. you:
add
-er Of' -est to one-syllable adjectives.

are slow<>r /him many olher anlfFlill3
IOrto_
add -er and .;.. , to twosyllable adjectives ending In .y (drop the y). The hippopotamus IS eoe of the heaveSronimiJJsill the world
use more and mcm with oth ... two.syllabl. adjectives and adjectives with Ihre-eor more syllabI es. Some snakes are mote d.artgerous rhan others TIle swan is ;he most graceful brrd In the world Some adjectives are irregular, eg: good berter best
bad
wooe
worst
1 R~ad tnese senterxes and deode whether they are true 0< false.
J An lk.I,h-lnt ib l.dler tban .1 ~ir:Jrrc 1. An) :" ......IOilJifCf than -a CK~cb .i '1\c' l~ of an o""'tK.il L' bigger dun dl.11 0( anv odx'1' .lnirnaJ. of An ~kph.ln[ em run (a-.{c.--r than .Iny human bt'lllj.; ~ A sere) IhtUnd can run (i.... et (han u borsc,
2 Now cheel<your answers by completrng these

sentences. USIngthe correct form (comparauve or superlatIVe)of one of the adjectives below. Use some of the adjeclives mo'e than once.
1;I(,)(c lung
.'!IO\\I
I:dl
fierce
poi."Onolls flll!ol
I 'I he ",il.lnC j .. the __ unlmal in me world. 2 "k' ,:It lI,. 11\c" __ (h;111a Ily. 3 Ilk.''-N111>lon' ... bile i.. __ dun that or 11lO:o.I sn.1kco;, -t On\\.1 .lIlbo, \\'hk h cal fh,._~.can dnvc "001e u( Ihl' __ :1runlJl ...mad fly bi1inlt them.
111 ... hird II'I!II lays the __ cAA i'l rhe (I'ltkh 'I he __ sb.uk is the grcJI w hite ,h.lrk A human runner ("30 run __ ihnn .rn t:l.:ph... "1 'Ilk:' __ .rrumal on F..3nh l\ tbe chl-'t:I.,h. 9 A Iotn..,ilound runs __ tJun .1 race IK,,,,,,,,. 10 nit... hlue w h..le b the:__ lnintll III Ihe \\(Nid
'; 6 K
3 Whte sentences abov1 the following usong the

superlative form of one of these ad,ectIVes
'lM."ct"S5(ul
Ions
ellrl
high popular
f.tst
1:t1'J;c
rich hru F.(lI'IIt,
/.('11"1$ 1$Ihi! /t1S/('SI1I101l
n"
((Iii Lewis C\(.'J"::>l
Coke \\{:lIt 1)l:.nl') (filtn pr()du('~r)
The Suh:u) of Hn.ll''1ei The IUverl\ile I be I'aclfic uby,
52
Unit
4 Complete thIS t~
using one of the "",ds below in each space Use some of the wo,ds mOte than once later
111QSt
Listening
In Part 3 of the listening exam, you will hear five
short extracts which are related in some way and may be either monologues or diill09u~s. You have to match information to each extract .
much
<0
than better
far
\Vorsc tban arumals>

It b~ vel')' (01111110n for people to couddcr thcllt.~lvcs ... upt~llo, (I) __ unlmals. :-inll"'I)' ht\~;t\l"'l'" \\ I: are 'h~
in (2) __ C::I~';, are unc.... r 0\1' conuot ll1i", i.. not true. of COUI:.-oc. of \\ lid .lnjnl.lls.
11l;I... h.'1''' .IOOlh<..y.
\\ hu 11..1\ e- (:l) __
1nQn:
fnxdom
( .)
Ihe
Read the Information first and try to p,edlct what the extracts will be about.
When you linen for the tim time, underline key
3\ l'r.lSt'tfnh.lhtlam of -;I big cur

Our ..... ,pl'fiOOl) 0 OO.'JO(_.o(J on die (3<1lh.11\\C ~
wo<d. and answer any of the questions you can.

When you listen for the second time. answer the
rea-on .tnd ,ilL' gwe-, \~ (5) __ concrol M('r uUl"\.'h\.....and over nature. 0,-" liv....conr.un ;1 (6) _ wider \.11'..... -"1.)' of :lCli\'ilic!'o (7) __ an)' .mhnnl. :'11,\)'011hnaglne :1I\ylhin~ (8) __ hotin~ lhan hl'ln~;l1I :lIlCor n lonoi-ie?)However. allilnall' are (9) __ nH than us ill many 1'L':'o1)Cc..1:o.. If \\('_' t"nll"r room. we em detect no CIOl __ th.m J '1:\\' ..mell... ; sonlt"Ofle"Sperfume. -.oencthlnRraoklng ot .... t11lt,. U()\\(_'N in a \'3Se. Itn:llpne I'W)\\(11) __ ilK".... P'\'t,'1'ful .;I dog'.. power of ... nleU L" polkc: ~ C.an IrJ,l-c Inl"'"!l pt.'OpIe I~' 'niffin~ an Ih,'rn nf
(l(lChl1lgllt:long'Ol; 10 thar percon, e\","I) """ .... t."r.11 dIY, .rttcr Ihe dtsappearaooe. Illoodhound~ have u 112l__ l.;t.'cl1~r ~n~t! 0( smell th.m ;Ul) UCht.'f do~
'emalnlng questions. Check your answers.
----------------~
Speaker I
1 Gl Youwill hea, five people talk,ng about their pets. Choose from the lost A-F what each one says about the" pet. Use the letters only once, There rsone extra teuer whICh you do not need to use,
Hi
pc.'MI"~
B II IS rcl.lX1nlt
and :,hhnu!th Ihc), ure slower (13) __ oiher breeds, 111,,),:U't' rl'M,ll'C pcrsrsrora. A l~tI'''' "C""l' of dh't."('.lon i. ...\":lstl}1 supcrk.I' ( 11)__ our u\\ n. There L" u slory ;Jl)(')UIa f:l111ily fruln 1\I:tdrld who "'l'nl on holiday 10 Seville (in the "Oulh of the l(~ntl)') ,Ind look their Ike (.."31 whh II\CI1\, On
r..... uming In \tnlnet ('\\'0 \\a:-k. .. (1-';)__ Iht' (,IOld), cJi'\('(l\'ertt'lth;l1 the)' bad left tMir <":II bclund in '-'\ilte, \ fe ,,\\,W)'" Lue cat turned up in \1.Klrid at Ihe huu"4. where ... he had "'J)dlI :111ht1" hit:
Speaker Z
It i)\ helutlful. Speaker j
w.
iiil
CUI
o It iii (.nlcI1aining,
I! .( is clever, i' u i~ (.',1"')10 loc~ ,dfler,
Speaker <I Speaker S
.,..lhc:
2 GlllSten aga,n and make notes on the advdtltages and aosadvantage1 of each pet.
Advantages
5 W,ite three sentences companng you'lelf to other people ,n the class, Youcan us. some or these adlectivQs,
old taU
do~
Cal
loud I
hriWlI
talkative punCtual
,n" oIdl','/h"'l.IoI,,,
superlat"'" sentences about other people.n
Wntethr~ the class
uaryts 11t,< ,)'tH'''J..'df in lite dass;
~----_j
53
*" Talking sense

Vocabulary
Verbs of sound and sight
1 WhICh of Ihe expressions in Ihe box follow which verb: saY- tel( speak or talk? Put them into groups. Some of the
4 Complete these sentences using the correel form of one of the verbs frOl'l'
exercises 1-3.
I 2 3 4
5
exoressioos can go in more than one

group. - say -lell - speak -talk
nothing someone 10 someone ,vhnx )'OUlike properly the truth bll.-;inc~swith an accent thank you about scmcthlng Lies that M)nlClhl~lg m)fself no SOOleOOe:l story for hours with someone
6 7 S 9
You should __ what you're doing, }'QU could get hurt. M~lt1Uel __ English with a slight American accent. Con r __ at j-our book for a rnomemr I __ Ill}' children not 10__ too Inurn tt'lt!vision. \\:-'hy OOI\'t Volego and __ a fihn rhis evening( There's 100 much noise. Tc!tn't __ :1 thlng you're saying. I was __ (0 the news on thl.;r.ldio when I __ the bell ringing. It W':lS so dark I couldn't __ a thing, He didn't __ l)~ the whole story, did he?
in front of strangers,
10 I hate having lO __
5 Finish these sentences. 1 111t!UI'Otllings t tooe most about lite sense of 3"'ght(NY!. ,.' sunny days III SjniHg. ... se(Ji"g n,y lX!Slfiien(/ sllli/(tlg. 1 The 1\"'0 things Llove most about the sense 2 The: l'VO things I love most about the sense 3 TIle rwo Ihing:;.I love IllOS[about (he sense ... The two Ihlns.' I love most nbour the sense of sight are ... of hearing are '"
of touch are .
2 COjTlplete these sentences using the correct form of the verbs hear and
listen (to). 1 I tovc __ [he radio.
of smell are
2 He's a bit deaf: he cant __

__ music, -' Can you __
very
Useof English
1 For quesnons 1-tO, read the text below. Use the word given in capitals at the end of each line to form a wend that fits in the space in the same line.
well. 3 I don't llke people (:tlking when I

those blrds .singing
outside? 5 1can't __ what you're sa)'ing. can you speak up, pleascy 6 H!lVC you __ the news? 7 __ , John. I want LO tell you someihtng Important. 3 Match the verbs on the left with the words or phrases they go with.
:;'I[
How do birds find rhetr way? 1

lvt:Jn)'(1) __ experunerus have been carried out to try and discover tilt: answer to this quessnon. In one experiment .. some storks were (2) __ from their nests before
the Ilmc of the autumn (3) __ and were moved 10 another place From this new (4) __ they would have to travel in a new G) __ to reach melr winter feeding Hrounds. BUI when the time carne, they took off in (6) __
INTEREST
TAKIi
M1GHATE I.OC.~TE
omscr
EXACr
BORN
somerhlng
the same direction lhey would have followed from their old
home. h them 10
u.erv
very \"\'..:11 See
inro the mirror carefully
watch
what you mean somerhlng

the baby for :1 bit at the board a long \vuy
;1
when winter approaches. 11,e (8) __ of other birds to find their way home is equally ABLE (9) __ . Birds nave been taken by aeroplane from their A,'IAZE homes 10 places 400 miles 3\\"''')1 and they have stilJ managed to find thetr way back home. I-To\\' <.10 (hI:)' <.10 it? \'(Ie know that young birds are nor (10) __ the way by TJ'.ACII their parents because oficn the parems fly off first on
">, oft' in a certain direction
seems
lhe>' have an (7) __
instinct that
(ells
look
their annual migl'atioos,
film
nl)' friend this evening
yoerself
54

Pan 4 of the U~ of English exam is a text of fifteen lines, some of whl(h contain errors. You have to decide whkh linei of the text are correct, and whkh contain an eKtra and unnecessary weed, this part of the exam fo(uses on grammar. Prepare for this part of the exam by correcting your own and other students' written work. In the exom, read tho whole text quickly to got a general unden.tanding of what it is about. Readthe text again line by line, looking out for
extra words.
Read the text again quickly to check your
answers
Here are some of the most common types of
extra words that you mayfind in the text:

- the definite or indefinite artide
- p(~p05itionsafter verbs. nouns and adjectives

- auxiliary or modal verbs (i$, /)dve, do, WO<IId) - will after words su<h as when. it ettet; unleiS - pronouns (he, sM, it him, hers) - relative pronouns (who, which, rh<IrJ - posseswe adjectives (my. you, h;~irs) - words suw as DII, whole, much; very - conjunctions (bu~or.and, so) 2 Forquestions lIS, lead the text below and look carefullyat eachIilie. Someof the lines are correct,and some havea word whIChshould not be there. It a line IS correct, put a tICk(,I), If a lin<! hasa word which should not be tI'ete. wnte Ihe WOld.
HO\\T do
bird"t find their \vay? 2
Illrd, who fly homt." often nr by niAlu so thl") C-Jnnot ..... ;,: 2 Ltndn\;lrk ..to ","Ui<:k them. Otber birds have n~ 0\'1..'" \\~h.(\\ hen: 3 there are no lJntbll.lrks of any b.ind. 001: Uk.'OI) L"lhJI no bird.. + (":10 tn",,'Iht: ol.lRfk'(ic ftelds lhat surround the urth ;\1.1W'K,1K S Jil"H. of Iorce ~In.{ch ever from the northern to the: auhcm 6 magnenc poles. Y<''1'has the bircb din.'Ct Ihcnl.~h C!'I b) Ihc..~ - line hUllhl .. theory h;1' not ..tUI been proven, 'rhe r.ltl ,,",~ Ivnc."l.' H due nC')t h:l\"c;.1 1'\111 explanarion of'how butl, ftncl'HU.'" thcrr wuv
__ __ 9 \\'h('11 Ih .. ~t mlgnnc- or IIr home, \'tf11(.'n Columbus wn .. 10 .1(')pr~"ltlul1~ to thl! American comlneru. he 'jOt\\ ur'::I! Ot~-k, jlf II hi rd.\;flyiflR (0 the way sourh-wesr, '('hi.;;mcnruland \\':,~ near, 'of) 12 he Chlll1ACd .I1SQ his direction to the SOUlh\\e~l to rulJU\\' th",' I,' 1111"(.1. .. I'hl" i!'> the: rl";I'i(Hlth.l1 \"h)' he landed :lllhl.' H:lhu,u;IS :lIld 1 I noe on 'he' 1;lorid;,coa ..1 Today we usc the mtgmuon oj bird .. nne
__ __
__
__
IS
10 1(.'11 u" which wav to ~o. but

4.:h;I",..,\ of ..C'J"(lI\. ...
:IS :1 best
\\'ar 01 Icllinj.t the
55
* Til/king sense
Speaking
Exam practice: Pairwork task and discussion
1 Work with a partner and do the task below. l)iM.'....... oi the advantages nud di~:ltl~ntagl.!.oi of (he pet.. in the picture, usin~ the toplcs below, appearance inlcllijl(._-nc..~ plt'."lu\ ,,'Oll-Inotse elc. .... nlin~ space d::lnftcf IU1~ C"J,(:)Q:.C one of the :lrurn:tls )'01.1 woeld like to have
a pet 2nd one you \\'OUldn'L ~plJjn )"()Illr cboil.u
)'Utlt
Vocabulary
noise sound voice loud loudly aloud
1 Complete these sentences using 01\. 01 the words above.

11)\.'tclev i..;ion is rather __ . Could ) ou tun, it do\\ I~ 2 T~ along tlk s:idc.... d tn;1(1 .. can reduce rraffic .i IXoo
find k3d.lnll __ 10 f:n.Wl..h (,"".1....)" ... 00 you like (he __ of rhe Aull:.)!" C; 'dkln"t recognizehis __ . I lc ~J\llx.I\.,()di(fcrcnl
!IS
10
partner
Useful language
expressing like, and preference, I'd prefer ... I'd quite Pke'" 'don'l rhink I'd like ._. 'wouIdn'l chor:1s<! 'coo!dn'! Sland to _. I'd ,oIl> ... I'd '''''fly /ewe ..
on the telephone.
(} \Xlh)' do rock musiclnn .... pta)' so _ !
Phrasal verbs with go 2 Match tho phrasal verbs in lost A WIth thell meanings in
hst 8.
A ~)uut
",It)
t I>OUIcM'lllke ...
There~ no w~yI'd ... 'can'tslillld
B
P;l"
DISCUSS
these questions.
un
JotU through
Io{O O\'"Cr
Arc (X-'t.... common in you,' counlty?
~'0tl huminJt ch:l~c cXI>cr iCI'M.;e/ su ITer

cl<ph.tlc examine happen
wlach pets rend to be (he 1110.... f1CJl)ulilr~

Do p(.:opk! look after (heir pets properly?
":0 on
~o,lilt"
J.t'()
hy
3 Comple1. 1hese sentences USIng the COReetform

one of the phrasal
poll __
2 She n.; aII} __
Jl;'l''K'd :I\Voly .
veros abov.!.
ocr on
3
of
", Ihe chie. .... I..':'t drove
,htolr nlOlnrbke (he hen her hu~IXlnd
them.
bad
liJtlC \\
. i '\~Ih.lt'c; __ in here?' asked the reacher :Inp.ril)'. , A.', \\C were watching 'IV, !'Iuddenly ,III the Ii),th[,s ) the leITOri<;;l!'I planted :1 hornh on the plane but fOr1un.llcly it didn't __ . 6 JU~\l. loda) I want to _ yuur hUfllC'\\;ork \\ ilh ruu, "-1idIhe:lcxher ., If )OU happen (O __ the pn....0... -c. (:vuki )OU 'Cod Ihi~ Jeucr (or me?
56
Unit
Writing
Exam practice: Opinion composition
write an opinion composition, usually for your teacher. Here are some different types of opinion composition and example questions. Advantages and disadvantages What th~ advanrages;md d&Jdvanrages of the <IIC1eMJfI9 _ of compurefS? Here are some tips on writing an opinion composition, Read the question carefully and make sure you understand what is being asked for. ptan your composition before you begin writing. Use a formal or seml- formal style. Begin With a general statement of the topk. Organize your .deas into dear paragraphs Choose one or two main points fO( each paragraph. and give ~xamplcs or supporting arguments. Use linking words and expressions. Summarize the contents of your composition In the conclusion. Check your compcsition for mistakes in grammar. spelling and punctuation.
.r~
Expressing your cwn opinion EKdmsaft> the best way ro judgf! a 'tudMt', n,oIl'!J'!OCf'. Gn'e your OP<nlOr> Suggestions to solve c:I problem How would you impeove your city? Discussion of differen1 points of view on the
same sublcct
Wnre a composllto(l disc.uss;ng drfferenr views on
censOlShip 01 the media.
1 Here IS, model answer to the qoesuon, 'Do people today do enough to protect animals?' Read the compOSition and say whether you agree With the
v\Inter's
2 DIVide the compoSI1J()nInto paragraphs. What ISIhe main pOint of each paragraph?
3 Now Il~ your tum. Wrrte an answer 10 Ihls questIOn.
opinIOnS. using some of the expressions in the box below.

Your h.':u ..her h.l ... :1:0.'-:\.'<.1 YOll to \\ file :& ('()U11')()!.llkln in
Human ~.Ing. control tile world and ,h.rwfo,. IV. havtt a "'.pon.ll>illty to protect anlm"I.. Unl'ortuM6te(y,1 ~.11evo .... fall to do ,hIs In many wayo, FI,..,ty, altl10ugh It I. ofton said tIIat p'ople In m.y coun'",!
to... tII.lr pot6 m"", rJurntMr
family, ,My often don', lCH)k .fter 'hom properly. Clog. nud to H g""n -..:IN, ~t they a,." oItBn kBpt In .mall tt... nd ~,. tak,,, out for walka. SomriJmn p~pJ6I1""ndo"
answer to thl ...qlll'~don. \'(h.1t ...... l~ can oedmarv people take

lhl: t."fl"I"M1mC11[" \\;rue t)l1\\ "'''ln 120.lnd 180 words.
to
hclp pruh.'tl
pot<> ""'en they grow up and.re no longer .mall ,nd cute. TtUt,4t anima'. have to suml'd on tM and a~ r,hlJrtJforttoitdn t'tarving 6nd full of dl.'II,e, WIlli.It I. true'hat Z006 protect snlmal. that.", In dang., of .. tinction, they ofun tp th.m In bad (;Ond/tlo" .. l" thd zoo~in my country. th4 Dnlmal!f lJrtJ k#p' In omsll ClIg~ _nd 'CH)k very ml ",bl .. Finally I. 'ho problt!m of hunting. Hunting of wild anilN' 1UI birrl. is very popular In my ~lttry, In my opinion, till. "port' 15 crud .nd _ng. H_ ClIn 8'1)<>110 get !Tom ldlIinsan anlm.rr In IncJu~on.I think that mote ""d. to f:,. po,.,. UJ
."trw".
Useful language
til.,.
II
In my opimon/vlew ... Some people cldimlsay/believe ...
Other poop/e, ho""""",, disagree/have

a dlHefMc potnt of V.EW...
III' true.
One (lOSSIbhtr is ...
pie.""'"
we could
we should
For instanceo....
Ifwe rake. In corK/usian ...
The goKMleont needs to .. For~ampJe,...
protect ~"me.f;(. _nd wildanlmalA Th.", should ~. tl'icter 18w. on how peopl...... t anlm.l. anti the 90V1f,nment 'houfd make 6vre evtJryontl 011,)'6 thlJfJlJ
t.W15,
Let~take... ToSU'" uP. -.,
57
Leisure for pleasure

Present perfect simple and present perfect continuous
Speaking and Reading

Exam
practice: Photographs
1 Lookat these photographs 01
SlghlS<!elng tours In and around London. Choose two and compare and contrast them. Which tour would you moslilke 1090 on1 Why?
2 Read the texts qUICkly and match each

text with one 01 the pictures.
Exam
practice:Part 4
3 Forqvesl.ons
In Part 4 of the reading om, you will be given a group of texts that are on similar topic or one
text which is divided Into sections.You have to match information to the correct text, This type of question tests your ability to:
I-I S. choose Irom the loursA- . Some of lhe tours may be used more than once. When more then one answer is required, these may be given in any order. \Vhieh lour or tours would )"0\.1reconuneud fur
someone
who:
- understand different type. of text (reporu,

articles. advertisements etc),
enjoys murder stories?
f. !
- understand the general meaning of the text/s.

- find information In the texVs.
Read the list of information you are looking for
first. undertine key words.
Read the textJs quickly to understand the

general meaning.
Scan the tem for the Information you want

and underline related ideas and words..
Work quickly - don't got stuck on diHkult

words.
Ans\wr all the questions. Chock your answers at the end.
hkes \'i=,ilingchurches? \."njo)"",lhin.g.." (0 do with the lhe:ttre' \''''Jnlo;10 "tay in t.ondon? would like to M.~the tin~ castleIn Engbnd? ltkes :t.l.lCit:nl hblOI'Y? is mteres ..ted in me British Ro)aI (.ntil)? is uuercsred La cbssicJl history? b eueresred in sport?
'if\,4
.I
+1).11
F ffiJ
15 Wht..'ft!ha... th~ teXt coeoc rtOfn?

" a k::lIlct
3
II history book
C
.bou. guided
tocrs
o
58
guide to Briti.Jl <.ilil""'.:t
:1 Iron.:1book
Unit
Sightseeing Tours
A Ghosts and Ancient Taverns 1 Tonight we explore the crooked alleyways and ancient
buildings of the city. Come with us and discover the streets haunted by the infamous Jack the Ripper, With a superb guide
and a coachdriver who knows every winding
tilley, explore
the reasons and intelligence which built this structure so ffiJny centuries ago. Out next Slop is the ancient Roman city 01 Bath, whose distinctive Palladian style belldings create to this day .>' the atmosphere of Georgian England,
:; those parts denied to most tourists. ""nlk down ,1 medieval
We will have. guided tour of a college before going to old cily. Visita plague pil where 50000 ,;,li015 of the Block Woodslocl<,passing thatched cottages en route to Stratford Death lie in their awful tomb. Listento excerpts from upon Avon, where we will have lime for a meal and a visit to Shakespeare's plilYsand Dickens' novels set in the vcry places Shakespeare's birthplace in Henley Streel. Wetake a short which we visit. Follow the Jack the Ripper murder trail and 40 tour of the town to sec the Mcmonal Theatre on the banks of learn the true identity of the Ripper. the Avon and also Shakespeare's grave. \"Ie then leave (or \Vanviek Castle, dating back to the fourteenth century and B Windsor Castle reputed to be the most impressive in Britain. \!lIe \\liU sec the State Roorn> in their original splendour. You may also explore Leaving Central London we go direct on the motorway to \Vindsor. \>\~ visit Runnymede Meadows, where in 1215 King " the Dungeons, Ihe Ghost Tower and stroll with the peacocks in Ihe gardens . .; John signed the Magna Carta, which gave the people ot England the righl of trial before punishment. \Ve cross over the Long \Valk with magnificent views of the Castle aod (Ire E MUSCUlJlS soon at \indsor Castle. \'\'e see the Cuard before visiting the ~w.otour of London wceld be complete thai did not take in Stale Apartments and 51George's Chapel. windsor Castle has some of the finest museums in Britain. TIle most famous of aU _ been a royal residence since the eleventh century, when is, of course, the British Museum in Crear Russell Street, \ViJliam the Conqueror built the fortifications on the site. 50 where we begin our lour. Jt is indeed one of the 1x.'Sl museums During your visit many treasures will be seen. Ii the Queen is in the world, with numerous treasures grouped by date and in residence, we will visit Queen Mary's Dolls House instead. nationality. Here you \\'ill get the chance to sec scenes from After the visit there will be time (or shopping before rejoining prehistoric Britain, perfectly preserved Egyptian mummies ~ the coach. and a whole range of Roman and Greek antiquities, including 'Ss the unique collection known as the Elgin Marbles - the C Salisbury, Stonehenge and Bath famous statues and sculptures from the Parthenon in Athens. Salisbury Cathedral. dedicated to 51Mary and founded in Alld for something IIbit more up-to-date. lind for those of you 1220.has a beautiful spire which dominates the surrounding who have the energy, a bus wlll take you to the exhibition or countryside.This gothic cathedral is a classic of architecture the Cufnncss \t\'orld of Records which illustrates fcats from the and mustn't be missed. \r\'e continue to Stonehenge, whose 6() famous Grlillllcss Book of RmJrds. For anyone interested in ..... tones have stood tor over ~ 000 years amongst the burial weird and wonderful \\'OrkJ records. Irom the tallest man to mounds of (I prehistoric ronlmllnity. ,,\~ are left to wonder at the fastest runner, this colourful exhibition is J must.
street 10 (0110\\' the route or the Death Cart and hear the cry. 'Bring out your dead' echo Once more through the lanes of the
o Oxford,
Stratford and 1;Vm\tJ.ckCastle
59
* Leisure for pleasure

Vocabulary
leisure
1 Put these words unde<the foflolMng headings:
entertainment
4 WhIch of tile actMtIH from the box a<e these sentencesabout?

1 u's probcbh the hc~ \\'.jy there b 10 keep fit and Iw.. ... lhh). 2 It's 0111)'for nlrl, UU)' pl:IY with -.o1dil1"-. 3 u'san C'<j':K.'O'I\t.' hohhr bUI vev creative.
I
You've fe-aLi),Mot to learn
IQ
~ If you 1"It,.-'(olu(.; .Idc.llt'h,'d In 7
n. )'OU could
keep your balance. oihcrwt-e
}OU
fall in.
IO/'ol':1 lUI of IHOrlC)"

~t hie.
6 KeGI' your (l't't :l1'Kln, hili nO( (00 much and bend j-our knee-
- sightseeing
fXlPCrOOck front row guide book di-.co 100Ir Cl.'i:tlc f't!'it:Iuranl In.tlhW:Cucket
\;C\\,
It's great if vou \ \.' j.lOI .1 rich \"OCabulJJ).mO )'tJu know ho\\
10
spell.
Grammar
Present perfect simple
You use the present perfect simple:
pertormaece orche-..Ira
ndns map concert cxcurslon pub

pili)' mUl<um brocbure
2 Put these leISUre activities and sports under the following headings: - those you have done - those you do now - those you ""9ht do in the future
,\\ imnling phol~ph~ dn..oslii111wngg:udeninlt ski.i.nJ: doioR crossword puzzles pamung 1,11I)'inR card:. scrabble c),clln)4 pla)'ill).:football pla)'fig ba~kcth.111
Sk!HCbotll(.Ung playing \\'11h dQU~ plllyinR chess mOUO{;lilH.'cnllg watching lele"i:,ioo \\'llllburling
for actions or events that happened at some time In the past. It is the experience that Is important. so we are not Interested in when the action or event happened. Ihave been ro Scorldn<imany rimes for my hoIKidr> for actions or situations that began in the past and continue in cenrwy. for recent actions or events in the past that have a result in the
the present. Windsor (;m/Q has been royal residence ",nee rhC' _nrh present. or a relevance to You've broken rhe WIndow!
the
present
L!ays.
You often use the present perfect simple with time words or expressions.eg: for. since, jvsr, already, this morning, In the Ian few
1 Match the clausesIn lIStA with the clausesin lostB to rorm senreocesin the past s<mpleOf present perreet Simple.
WOfk WIth a partner and talk about the leISUre actIVitiesand spOftsyou like b@st and those you like least. 3 Match the words below with the activlUesfrom the box they go with.
pOD I
C.U'I1Cr:L
.~
t
,-\101 or t.'U'lt.,UJ"
u
h.l\,," ('Ioo;.(-d
2 II~ puhIL.Jk'U .I 1lC'\' 00\\:1 3 People ..... Iftf.. -d to \\ .1I(;h1'\'

.. ~Cilhnn~ 01 PI,:t>pl4. h..\ 1,.'
<moe it opened m 1'Xl (\\.icc :lIl'\.'"oId).
1:;LSt ) ear.
smcc the arnval of \ ideo
when I wns twelve. when :-.he \\;1.. len
board climb
clue ....
1\J):u.lc
canVi&!'o tlccdlc PCI1:IIIY
seen the pl.l)' 11/(1 .l/tJlI,'l'IIYI/) ; I h:IVC seen h4.'1' 11(."" lilfn 6 Televtslon prOJ.(rJltllt1(.'l'o h:1VC gOI \\ orw
Yl'ar" old.
- She cleckk."tl lU 1)l'(.'c)llll"an

actre ... s
8 She ha!'ofini,I","tI f'k'\\ film
9 I \CIU to nil
fiN
coocen
btu u tu~nI nfK:m'(l rt;:'(. ... ince Ihe, .JlI(,"t."tI pn\Jlt.' channels
60
Unit
Present perfect continuous

Youuse the pr~sent perfect continuous: to indkate that an action is unfinished. r~ bI!en Willc#tdlg marve/lO<Js $<!ties on le/eviSIOn. to suggest that an action or slate istemporary.
rve """" sleepmg in Ihe1ivm9 room because we'"" been dorarmg Ihe bedroom
4 ThiSleltel contaons mIstakes in the use of the present perfect s.mple and the present perfect cont.nuous. Correa the mistakes.
o...ro.bblc.
f'I1etNi At; Iset fl"" Iy ~r.dtime to """"

b.en
to you
from
Lontl"". I'm !lOrl)'l~ ha. """" ~~en me eo long. b\J~ 1'""
to emphasize how long an action has been in progress.

I've been y/,'ilin9 101yov since eighl oclock. iMJere ha .. YOLIbc<!n71
""ally busy.
for actions In the past that have a result in the present, or a relevance to the present. The action mayor may not be finished. I've been wor<in9 so h.rd rhall haven'l .seen my (,<ends (or weeks. 2 the difference of sentences
Explain
.1
I rUllnlng 81'01111<1 II~. " lunatic -I)' dwy. We "re he-e flve .aye I.II resdy alld we already eaw alld done to"5 of thing&. I bun aa&hlngaround evel)' day. from one
mueeum to another ana ther~'5 &till eo much I didn't. manage to eee,There6';0 much to eee an'; ';0 In Lon';"".
Since Monday. I wenl'1'0 l'h. 6riti6h MU6ClJm(where I saN We Elgin marl>! ). We raCO Gall.l)'. We of
In
meanong between these pairs
Have "uu u u.l 'filt ",,(II\... ,c(_~ h H;I\(." yutl 1"" -n I\.";ldln~ \~(lrand Penct!? 2 ;& \\'t> ha,'\,' IU"" -old out flt IKk e -1!'o b \'fc:\c 1)I".'\.n I'clJjn~ ti(ket .. since March.
LDMOI1andj'"" .150 ,,_ ~n9 W,nd60r v.l1ich Ie ou~i<Ie London. Now fccl al>!>oluUly t:><hJIuetcd bocau,;e I'veu..n wallceo noundCMord S""-.t .U,ay. IooIcirg for "",.-enl .... Ive !>oughtyou eometh,"".J really "ice.
ea.t;le.
,ower
.1
rvt" lh\"d h\,I'\.'l'hK:\. 19-H b J ve been ,,, inl-l lu-re 'Iitll"e 19"'H.
IJuee had" 6how... ana I'm fuling betccr. Hopeyou're OK. 01'; you mi5ecd m. 7 Hop. you hav.nl' wo~ too hard. 'Owe'o .11 for 10"".
now. r,,~ CBre.
3 Complete Ih.sdialogue USingIhe correct form (present perfect simple or conuouousl of the verbs in brackets.
". Hi. John 'Ia\ l:,l'1-cvn )'0\1lor a~'t.~. \'\11::1t h.IVC: you been up (4')' It I (I ~__ (\\urkJ quite hard ;IS usuat, uow about
\'Otl?
.\ ureal l(l) __
I (3) __
CI()ok).ll'nuodfora.ll,-"\\f1aI.hut Cnul lind) one yet
B: \'(hu'o; '''I''on~ \~Ith ~ooro.d (,.l4,._9 \ It'" 0"" htll I CI) __ (I",,{ !-"\..-"().l new joh and if, on the nlhef ,de ()( town By the" ;)} .. (;) __ )0<' __ (fln' ... h, Ih.u hook 11\._"tl1 )00 last month? B: I (6) __ (not 11.1, ..-} tlllk". I (-. __ (bt::) very husy. 1(8) __ t'ICan'II hut 1'\,(..' unl) gor ns rat a.,
the 11 ..... ( lh.lpICI. \. \~h:u (t) __ you __ (do) ..,hlC.C I l:k:-l:-':'I\\'
you?
B: I (10) __ (II' __ (Pfl'p:u\,.lor exams. or course. I h:lkl.') 11I:lIh ...hUI I've -, 1111 )tOt ph)t;o.,k:~
So
and ('I)I..'111i'\If)lo
A: 110(\ did th\.' "1.lIh, cx.rru !{(i B; I think 1 (12) (1)..1""') 11 \\'c'n ~-c.
61
* Leisure for pleasure

Listening
1
Gil You will hear
Spoken English
You will feel more confident in the liS1enlngexam if you are aware of some of the diHeren(~
people tallong in fIVe differenl Sllualroos. For queslions 1-5, choose the best ans-wr A,BorC.
I u..d1 to dd~ man Ll1king on tlk.' !')I10U\: 10 the hOl~1 f\.'\\:fX1ont",. \'.;'h..'ll1)I'(Vienl does Ill" have with the nl? A lie can', switch d1C1V on. lie can't find Iht: remote control. C III.' (';111', St,\:'1the '('V 10 work properly.
between spoken and written English, In spol<en English, people often leave out WOf"ds (collod ellipsis) when it is dear what they are lalking
about. The words left out art! often at the
beginning of the sentence, e9 pronouns and

au)(lIiary verbs. Been going Out for five rIMIS now. (Ws'0'9 bOOIlgoing OUt for five years now,) Feeling ""'tty rrred today. (I'm feeling ,,,,,lIy trred today)
"~;(J4J
2 YO"I he.tt this j.:lr'I:-llking to a frilt:ud. \X'ho I, !'iu.,)I)Cn Green?

1\
!;l Read
an onl"l U .. wrtter
;a publl. ...Jk.-r
c:
3
tf I
'L'fSalton
and lislen 10 Ih,s extracl There are some extra ,n the text that do not appear on 1/10lape, Cross out the WO<ds you don'l hear ~ rs an ellMnple at lhe beginning,
WOlds
"00
O\c,h ....... r a con\
1'X.1'\\n"ll :lI hu.4xuxi

L"\'cnul~
.And ".fc. \\ 11Crt"were Iher carber in the Aln:apub IS .u .1 f.;~nen
t-la\t:)'OU J.,"OIlt ret?Thc ot.'"\\ "'.cphc..-nGn.'cn n9'cl? n' ...unl,' just COnlCout. I ~\\ iI. in S,nuh,. It, onl) In h"lnlllac" ...c) I haven't hou8lull! I can', .llhmJ u, hUI )"t)\J <aid you prefer to htl)' hardbacks. It', oJ bit prK.,-"
thoegh. rul)f\\:t\', Ihe) ."..y it'~ hll.Jriou ....1\,,1"---.:0 rl.ad'n~ the rcvjews. II"...bener than Ih,,' 0,.... 1 nov,
C In;,
n:"C~I"1":I m
-1 IJ~lcn IU Ihl, mrn lalkln}l un the phone. \trh)' ,.. he 1~IOr\lr1W'

A 10 Ch:1I1AC soeuc tjCkCL~
13 10 reserve -ome I lcker .... C 10 pay for -ome tickets
t Ibl
IhollSh 11',supposed to he :I sequel. Irc'l' used SOIlIC of rhe 5.11))('characters a~lin. '(lie :,iturniull."I lk' dc.... ..:llhe:, arc always ju..,! like Ihe on","", ) UU'Yt been through your ... elf. J don't know how he tine...II. I rc.tllr dun't, lie's \'cry talcnu.. '(1.
; 'reo u\'ec1\C'Jr (\\'() $tll'l.. (~dkinaabout dlClr bo) rrit:n<h Davld i., different fron, John 1x.'ClUSC
4 Read Ihls d .. logue. What words have Ihe seeakers left oul? Write Ihem in,
,\ helik.... , "'lLkin~. II be Joke, ulkinll C hc 1'" a J:.oood tesener
In whICh situaoon do you hear these sentences and expressooos? Write the number of Ihe snueuon (1-5) next to each senterxe or expresslOO,
[5l L1Slenagain
1 Ik'l'n "Il'c,:lnghinl long:> 2 ,,,,,,'11 d() iu" fine.
r>..,,,td and J. "(Jou know, ht... slmlJ up and down, Do,fl you gt.1a hI( Ied up' '0, Ihere~:11,,'3)'5 5OI1lL1hll\J.lIU c.:h.n..11.1(.11. and he's realI!o' nsce - .1 re~11j.C\JocJIi... rcncr Luc..)'! ~t.1k~ a chan~"I:I can 1 gel a w ,,"I In edgeways wnb John. Been "IC.."'l'in~ hsm ton~) lickn, \\ ell. J first mer him .11 th.u deco. the:'one ~,{)tl missed a coupk (If 111unlh:o alol.0. Yuu knu\", ~:'nt!(1 chalhng and ... cr ... one Ihins;t k"<.J 10 :lllolher. rou kno\\'. Jf!'> Jl1"e.tt, UI."Cn ,lil.oJn~ Ulit
r fl.h:n Oon', do mcch,
C\ \.'1' :,in('c.
If~ln,llon ... ,j lilt J'rlr.:y ,h,,"gh,
5 \'Qh:1I rC::lllygels IllC is 6 OI"C 'hh)~ 1c..'t.I 10 !tnc)!hcr... j ,'h.1( \ 1'1)&'11 A I'd Illuch t:.lther AO ...
62
Unit
Speaking
In Part 3 of the speaking exam. you have to work v vith the other student. The examiner will give you a plctur. or pictures (eg photographs, a graph, a pian) and will ask you to carry out a task together, The task may be:
- lO
solve a problem.
- to make a plan for something. to put a list of things into some sort of order
(eg what you like bestlleast, what you think is the mostlleast Important).
Sometimes the examiner will ask you to try to
agree on .a deciston with the other student and sometimes htlshe will just ask you to discuss and expreioSyour opinions. In Part 4. the examiner will ask both of you general opinion questions about the topic of the task ,n Part 3.
listen carefulty to what the examiner tells you to do. Don't paniC if you don't understand what to do. Ask the examiner to repeat his/her instructions, Talk to your partner. not the examiner. Don't 'switch off' whan your partner Is talking listen to 'ovhat he/she is saying. Shore the talking with your partner. If you dominate the discussion or if you say very little, you will lose marks. Keep to the topic of the task - don't start talking about something else. Try to sound interested in the 1ask and the
discuuion.
Don't panic If you think you're n01 gOing to finish t~ task. You will not lose marks if you don't reach a decision with your partnef.
1 Work with. partne. and make a plan for the situallon below.
A MruUr ~lU(,k!IU' froru ~lll O\'CI' lite world arc comlng Ie)rOlli' COllnll')' 10 auend :t conference. Al'I rcprc ....... lll.tlivcs of the host counrry, you are in <..:h.11'~C of plannln~ a d.I)' lrip for the \'i!-oit()~ round your borne rowu 01' '11)' and the -rum)unding area. Your task i~ to plan the dar trip. Lise the picture..... h .... IO\\to
2 Doscussthese questions.
1)0 you think your tow nor dly i'\ an :ltlr.H.:ll\'c Ill.IC.\!
(UI
or
vi!'<itors?
\VII:II kind of \'i~itor" does your town alll":l(.1? wn.u do tourl:;t .. to your town luo..... ly rouse to
sC't:)
Useful language
Making suggestions I thUlk t~ tx>st thing to do WO<JId be to It would be a good Kka to 00 you tMlk it wout1 be a good id<!a to ..7 WIly don't we .7 WecruId. Lpt~.. lOW got a good Kka ...
gh'c
)'(lI .."n'le
ide.... , .tlxl conskk!r these issues; urrw.
tran..pnn. \ .lriI.1) ()( 'Ilt,hl' food. breaks. cu.....
Whitt about ..7 (+ -i09)

Agreeing and disagreeing with suggestions That's a great idea' OK. let's do that ... Yes, thdt's nicPIgood ...
lOWgot a better id"" .. Thdr sounds bit boring ... 'don't Ihink thdn such. good idea beciJuse .
63
* Leisure (or pleasure

Vocabulary
Collective nouns
Singular words which reter to groups of people, e9 government, family, school, can be used with
Phrasal verbs and idioms look up goon count on put on let down make up one's take in turn up get away put up with catch up on look for
mind
either singular or plural verbs and pronouns.
My My
team is going to win the cup thisyea, team are going to .... in the cup thISyear.
2 Complele this texl using the correct (olm or one of lhe

phrasal verbs or idIOms above Use one of the verbs tWl(e. Tlme out in london .\Jthou~h Lunt.kln. \\;Ih
Il"l lr.lffic.
, COrrlj)lete these SA!t'ltences With one 01 the WD<ds below and a verb In the SIOgular Of plural. fall,Ur COfUp~I.I) ('ncll}) uxncuce public IC;lI11
lOut football __ gcvcrnmcm
t.'f'IOnnou..' dl~.anl-':"
:Inny
Jud hl~h c ... )'.t uflh,ing, n'~I) 1l\':.1 h,' lUI()ITluch 10 I l) __ if you have {O 11\'ethere every d.1Y.London .. .1 J..:.h.'.u pl.II.c: if yutJ ju... \\:1111 10 (2) __ iQr the
IIIv hC1'i1 in Ihc country.
2 '1'11..: __ 11()l rJojn~fluu,'11 IU help til c un..... :i A new __ moved in ~~1 door to us, I The __ been in\'ih"(.l 10 Ih,, opcrung of t.he (.'~hjhitioll because rbc ~Jrl-=.Inl'.cr:-. \\;.1111 to ghc it u
Jot or 11')l-dia CO\'\.T"~.
l"he __ in CngJ:lnd __ \'\.'1)' mtcresed in the II\C\ 0( the Ro)J.1 Fcmilv (-. The __ I'\:"a\.Ik."t.l J. 't.'ft11(1 in the n,urdcr case. 7 1he __ 3tuckinH Il'K' \'111.1~\and kilLing innocent people, ~ 11~ __ hcL'1l L.11lt."(1 In 10 re-cue th\' victims, 9 J he __ been :lppl:-luIl!n,lt 1he (,,1-..( ror three whole tnlnutcs, 10 The:theatre __ ~()inlo! tn take the show on lOur
0;
\\,,'\.kl.:l)l.I. 111...:rl.,; t,.-.o nl\l( .. h 10 (hc)(..ot., Innn by \\'il)' of crucrtalnmcnt Ih:'1 it will ht dlll1('\lI, 10 ($) __ "'h~11 to dt) Ilret, It h :1 ~'()(xJ kI~t LO1.":1holt! or .1 weekly csucn.tinmcru ~uKh,' ... uch :1 .. 1fhal'~ ()I1, 10 ( I) __ the names of lUlC.'1)~, lhc .... arcs. f'L'SUUr.lnL .. .Inti (_~ul,..._ fr '"0\.1want to (") __ the I:I(~ de c 1c,_lIlllru ...11\ (he,' JJt:. ... IIl.IjC;I/lnc tikI&: 11"/~()Ul \\'111 Itt\ ,,' )"tltl a me( :accounl 01 \\ I..... been (6) __ "v,,", u( the e'1ltc:ruinIT1 cut J\',II1.lhk~ In (",ndan b in the \\'~'''lPnd or ju,'t O\~ \'( :ut'flnn HrldF,c in (he South u'lnk J\rts Centre. TIu: \\"C ..l f.nd I.. the.' heart of l.ol1lk,n'!\ tiu.:;urc land. "hert' famnu-, the.urc l'tul1l)lInh,""i(7) __ pIa)' ....nnd n)u'Ii(,;,lb ;111 round the
year. On the South Bank there is ~lh\':J}"j: something hllcn.''''ltn~ (til __ in Ihe..' 'hc..~IU't., ... couceu halJs and
.In g.ulcn v:II )OU an: keen on c.hnt'-" C'1a.. .. "'\K";11 or nlOdcm. London \\on', (9) __ )"00 __ I( it'....1 J(ood disco vou'rv 11m __ . II) the HlpI'<x1n."" In (h.. nOlI 00. If lOU \\,1111 10 II) __ c~f P7.)'during voor \ l.... t, vou can ccretnlv C12) Ronniescoes in Suho 'rur)tOOd (IU3Iit): j:t7.J, hut W\(' Ih('lll,l ring fir:,.ttI )OU jU..1 (I:.iJ __ :1( the-dunr. yuu In,l), lind iI's packed out.
:a~"
Unit

find found
2 Here is a student answer to the question. Read the artkle
quickly. If you were an examiner,what grade (A, B, C, 0 or E) would you give it? Give your reasons.
3 Complete thesesentencesusing the correct

form of one of the WO(dsabove.
The school was __ in 1886.
the $('hool 2 II Wa$ diffi('uh for me 10 __ at
"!"$t.
Nowadaye.. we hDve more Dna more Ieleure, Itu't I don't think we knOlv what to do with it. It all depends, of cooree, on IIthat vie mean I1y 8 'good' LJ~e of lei6tJre time. t" my viC'vI, it. meant')u~ingyour time to do 60mething creative. noe 'w8&tit1g' your timeJ,
3 \X'ho __
this
Cil)t?
.. \Xlho were the __
of the f.\uopt:tln
A lot of yo<J"9 peopletoday 61"'n.:i their free tir"e

watching .port on lY. readi"9 about .port and talki"9 a.out ~. Another popu"'r p.stime is sitting In cafe6 chattin!! en" drinking coffee. Finally,it i .comi"g very common for young peopleto sit in front of computer screene playingcomputer games. All this i6 fine, but it is better to play "panos >""urself thsn to watch other peopledoing 1&0 Ye$.c.tes are rel8xln9,but Ithink >""ungpeoplespend too much time just Ullking - Org06!>iplng. WIly donOtthey do .omething mere crellei"", like t;olcingup painting or learnine to play" musical in6uumenCl' A!> for compu""r game$.I think they ",UIcventuslly turn 1.16811 into robots! 50 1 say: don't just s[l; there. eet Ol11' snd do It I
0
l'ninn? 5 TIlt: first seulcrs of Amenc. __ rbe ('ounlty rich in opportunities. 6 Hnve YOIl __ the J)1:\ceon the ll)ap 7 unve :UlYnew univ ... -rsltlcs been __
rccel1ll)/!
)'t!'jf
by
to
until at
4 Complete thesesentencesusing one of the

words above. I pl:11110 finish __
2 I'll "":,it __
exactly eight o'clock.
you're ready so we cnn go
rogetbcr .
.3 Oon', worry.
I'll have all Iny hC)fHe\\'ol'k nni~hed __ lhi~evening.
I I wetted from eight __ lid t.

; __
len o'clock . hen
3 Now Irs your turn. Write your answer to this question. Use the
notes below to help you.
write :, magazlue nnfcle for the school magazine using the Lid..:: Yexlng people today don't knew ]\0\\' [0 speodmeir money
rhe liTll: )'OU re twenty, you'll have
left home. 6 Sit dlen: __ I call )'0\1, 7 \X'c:: bave It::'. sons fromstondav
Friday.
__
properly, wrne between 120 and IflOwords. Paragraph I Think of

~I
good opening line.
lmroduce LIte problem and say what your general
Writing
Exam practice: Magazine article
1 InPart 2 of the wnting exam, there may be a question which asksyou to write an article for a magazine. Read this example question.
A,) interll1tiol1:ll young people's rrmgnxine is hn<;~ti~lrinJO: the qu~.stion: Do young people toduy make good use ()f thelr leisure {iITIe? \\;'Jite ~I short article for the magazine
expressing your opinion ;lbO\It this tOpic.
opinion is. Paragl'~,ph2 Give examples of how yuung people speod 'heir
1110f.e)'.
Paragraph 3 Sa}' how you think the)' should spend their 1110ncy.
Paragraph
\\:'lile:t brtef but interesting conclusion.
What do you
think U,CSC sayings mean? Which ones do you agree with? Why?
Business before pleasure. It is important to make work like leisure. The devil find. work for idle hands.
1
65
\X/rilebetween 120 :111d 1OO words.
~~-------------------j
Sherlock Holmes - The Mystery of the Creeping Man

Past perfect simple and past perfect continuous
Vocabulary and Use of English

, Match the words in lostA wIth thetr meaningsin list B.
i\
3 ReadEpisodeOne and check the order of your

senrences Ignore the spacesfor now. TIle My.tel")' of the Creeping ManI!pi'Odc One
\\ bcu I ( 1) __ al BJkL-r ~t\."L1 I f(Jtuxt J Inh11"';'. hu(Jdk-cJ up in hl~ 3.nnch:1lf dt..,._" III 1IWMI",h1. \ .. ith h~ ptpe III h,.." UlOUlh. It \\";1" eIl';)r Ih.u he h.uJ bt."l'U Ihin~ulJ: (!.) __ :about ~mc..1}lInJ.: Arlc:t "'t.",,:r.al nunures, I,,: (3) __ rue usn ""lO'l'f.n4,' h';ld j;li\cn him
some <.:urhKl"( I) __
(S) __
\\OtL:
lucunhhuddled
gkK)ln)'
In\L~I~le
e
strange. \\'anlinH Ie->k,uJ'" more not i1l1PUrl.11l1 sI)()\v a;-. in :1 nl. M)r boef. using fL"\\ '\"Qrd, examine, inquire: inlo cutlcd up
",0,'<1
In\iJl (llnOtt'>
sad. depn.,..tng
2 He<eISthe begInning of a Sherla<kHolmesstory, bUI Ihe sentenc~ have beenjumbled. Put the sentencesin the correct order and then ans\Wf the questions.
I IlollliL':-' hud refilled hi, pip,",and ,:11do" n again,
f);1)'1Ill! no auenuon to .n~qUt;,,,",kll"l, .1 ."-ftcr eevernl oumucs. he (old rlt\' th.1t Ik..had learnt '<'JlliL1lung very runou .. "hi"h had made hinl think Ihal dot!-'"Ollghr:be :lbfc In Iwlp ~lI\Ct in lheir"od.. .\ 6uI bo', all dll... r.uher an ,",'.I~\.r.III(ln' I ..-ked, I It ".1'" a ~tlndl)' evemog, (.~trl)'In "icpcenJbcr. when t rcccrvvd one of Sherlock Ilu'II'ICs' 1.lc.:tmic.: 1llC.':'I...'.lg\:'.'COI11t! ar once. lrgent S I h: C'I(pl:lilleci ihat ,,\'h:11he had s:dd :'IboUI dogs was \'4:1')' Important 10 the problenl hI.'"'.1$ Involved in .11 present. () 'A dON,' be expkuned, '", Hkc a uurror -, it n:JlL't.1S the life of it, owners. 011("nc.." LT"' .........h.IPJl)' dog in J Jt)OOII1)'family, or a ..... 1(,]c.lug in .. h"I)1 one, O.I~\.You" people hl\'c d:IOfC<."R)U" do,ts. .. \\ hen f ~UI10 R:aket Succt. I found Holme., huddk.'d up in hi:, amldtlir dc;oc.-p in 'hou~tl1.a.'1lh hi" PIf>L' In hi.' nlOu1h.
\\ hich had made hhu
\..hcthcr
do~ l"tJtdd help dCll,'i"t.~in their
'1\ d(~,' he cxplnmed, 'is like :1 .nin'or - It rcflct:ls ibe Ii(l' of hl'o 0" ncrs. J lave ) OU (6) seen ., h.IPI)), (10)( In :1 g,ltlC)nl)' Iamtly, Of n ... ;"J (Io~ in " happ)' une? I).lnj.tl'ruu, people have dangercu .. do~ ... 'Sut i'lll .tli lhisa (-) __ l!X..IAAHJtl"(j!" I .&..J.:c...acJ.
J lulu .... .. h.ld ft"filkxflib piJ')l: and .... 11 (k)\\ n "SJltl. t'l~uv: nc. etu __ of mr que...... ton lie c:xp.;Iltll..ulkl( ",h.III,,: holdMid abou; ~~ \\.1'>verv unpcnam (0 (he J"uhk'fl1 he h.:ld ~'h .. xl I() (9) __ "the (llIc"li(JtI, \\':aL"OO. is lilt' ,\'h)' 10) __
J'rof'L"...Jf
,In."Sburys fahhfu!
:t1":lli:ln, Ro)', (1)' to hite
hhl1~'
I:-:lnl( 1);1(''''in In)' ("h:II", di":lppoinh"(I lind he ( II ) __ rue (l'OIn my work for <uch .1 trlvtal Ill;Jttcl'? 'Isn't It l\lr.1I1~t:: he (12) __ on. Ih.1I an cldt:rly phlh.-.cJ),hcr (13) __ nlxninn h.11'o.'h\J)"'I-x.~ tus ( I iJ __ Ineod, should be 3Iocl<~ 1'\\Ki: I' Ius
O\\n
doW'
Which WOfdshelped you to decodeon the cotrect older of the story? Which tensesare used in the Story?
11'k.'dug Inu .., he ill. I an.,\\~ "'Otl cOllki he (15) __ s:lid HoIlTk..~. 'hul \\'IUI if he .!luck" no one eLse?And "h.J1 Ir he unl) ;"ta<:~ hi.-, 11I,1"'\,'(un "(x't'aal OCt.."I.:-tOn...:' Curi()\,'>,\\'.11 .... >0, "ery cunoul'
66
Unit

4 ~r questlOOS 1-15. rwd me text aga'" and deodewtllch A. 8. C Of 0 best f,lSeach sp;Jee.

6 NOw read Episode Two. FcIr quesuoos 1-15. thonk of lhe wold whICh best fits each space. USe only one word oneach space. 11.e"')'Slcr), of the Creeping MonEpisode Two "he (.h"HillU r.tng, 'Ah, U(..'nnen is early. if that is hilt) (l) __ the door, Pil),.I h"d hoped ro have:, longer ('hru
\vllh )'I,U (2) __ he C:HtlC.' 'lhcrc \\':I ...:t sharp tap nt the door a11<) IlolnlC~' IlC\\' client ,IPIX~Ir\."(j, He \V:L,,>;' 1;,11, hand:-oll1t'
allS\_
A reached 1 ..\ 104~ \ '\J.id 3 ..

-I A lnlcnnatlon 'I A que5uon
,Im,.._-d
11 mUl h 1l ,ul<1
" cv ('nl"
C appeared C lard C \."xplaiOL'tI
c ideas
C wonder C )'\.1-
II "Ilk
U never IJ hit H :1IH.'nll0'l
6 A "III
"opped deec -p pro\c -d inOdenL.~ o inquire I) ever

I) fhll"lA
D D D I)
}\ lOt
<:
C C C C C C C C
I':1CI
8 A care
siJ.l.ht
inquire
nlUq
9 A iIlVC:'CIJ.::llc 10 A dCX', 11 A .. hOlIIt..'<.I 12 t\ spoke B .\ ,,-hjcll
..
I; 2 3
-4
A frank~t
J\
accurate
IS M.";ln.'h Il h:l' 11ordered 1.1 t,~d 8 who B (.hth'ul 1.1 true
o o o
notice
It)()k
n ('{)\lld
D called
scm continued
\\t~
youth
(j) __
uboer rhit1r. well-dres... ed
;Lllcl
went
t:'ll'M.lnl. lie shook hands with Helme s ,md then
I) ,h31
..Incere
,,-,Yet
o COtTCt-'t
D ri~h'
looked .n IllC ( .. ) __ MJrpri-.e. 'nti 111JHcr l...\ \'1)' delicate. 'Ir Holme......ht, sald '(:tIO Kk:r Col)) __ rebuonship wul .. J>n,((.,'IOf'
'n.-.cbun
I')c),,'. C(~)__
. \ir 1knn('1.l - 11ru.Q Dr \\'.1l""""
5 Answer these
QuestIOnS
about EpISOde One.

10
\\hat \\01"1110411". ... duln~ \\Ik.'O \~:ll-.on ~ n..kcr"'I'~ \X hat had he bc.-cn cJuln~ ju. ... 1 hc..ofurcf' Wh:.11 i.. Ilohrn:!>o'hcUcf bout dOJ4" \tlh) ".. \\':Il..;on dj"'PJ"K)(nled? \,(Ihy i." the Pl'ort:''IoC)f\ do~ Mr:ln~ocl
;tll'o(,.Uh .... r 11\(,:'" Holnk"" tumed (0 Inc :tnd Slid, 'You (..) __ undc.n.ll.nd \\3Ison ..\\ 1k.'t1 Ilell )CJU Ih.1I Ihl .. gt.ntk....,nan.)tr 'trevor fk>nOt..11. .1<1 __ Pmf~fOnr Presburr's aSSlst:1nC aud til (4). __ c"~:1~('dto his only daugbrcr,'
I h.ltuc", wcm (10) __
10Ilk',
co explain
'h~ NIU:tli(Hl
Ptnf.:,,'1orPre.... bury (II) __ fer marry Yf.-',I(o; led I he life of nn ncadcrntc. with a hlJlIt I'cpulatklll ill Europe. There had never (Il) a brc:Jlh of scandal :,hoUI hi~lifc 'II,,' I~ a w ldower,' J Iololes said. '\vilh (13) __ cJ,luJ,tlllcr, r.dith. Ahhnugh he b stxry-one )'c."... old. hc I" 11"\,I') ;11,;1i\'c man; a strong (.h:lr:I(:h,:r \\ Ith n \ cry pnSIUVt,." ~1I1inKle, 'Olen everything (.h.ln~t< .."(1 (J '1) __ the Professoe became l'f'lJ:,JSt(."tIIU lhe:d.tugilld' 0( one of hi ... colk:..gu<" n'k' Stut",name i~ All("(' \Iorphy ..Profes.._~r 1~..J.,ul") ~--mt'd to (1;) __ JXb!I>ionJ.tc11\ hl' ft..'\."ln~'for Alit'..-
7 Answer these Questions.

\X'hal ....Ul'nnt1t', (c);uionship \\'ilb lhe
Pror("~'\O(!
2 \\'Ih:1I kinu of nl~ln j~(hI;! Profc.,.,o(f j \\"Ilen :111<.1 ho\v did Ihe Professor'~ life {'hal1~c?
67
"" Sherlock Holmes - The Mystery of the Creeping Man
8 8ef()(e you ",ad Eposode
Three. mInk aboul meso! quesloons

I f()\\ do ) Uti Ihink the rollo\\ ,n~ 1'k."oplC' felt ;I~IC tI'k.' I'R'(t....... sor'..
e'fIg $t\'Ilk.n I.'
- hi ...dJu,wlllcr
- hi" 11;111(.'1.' ..
1.lIl'1i1)
- Allt'l' j\forph)' 2 In \\'l1nl w .1)" tit) )'Q\I rhlnk Ihe I'ror\.... or'..
hcllln'I(",r changed after hl, t'I..~.I$:C:H".'nl.?
9 Now read EpIsode Three and check your answers. Ignore lhe errors for now.

10 For quesloons 1-15. look carefully al each lone.Some of lhe fInes are Corlect. and some haw a wo<d whrch stQrtd nol be there. ~ a .ne
IS correct. PUI lock (.I). If h~ has wo<d whICh
The Mystc'l' of the Creeping Man - Episode Three

'J1K.:n nt'nnl11 inh.n\lpll"'t1 In ..ny lhal the pror~(
2: approved of III.. cnftJ~e.lnCnLto Alice '\lorph). -'Vc IhouSthl .Ihnul

3 ... ., 6
-
should oot be the<e. wrne lhe word
-_
-_ --_
to
II Il
13
-_
J4
--
J;
urmnuml,' c:nJ.t.lJ.t,-,mt:111 Cltn,(l"'41( Pn.... hury U"aS ancJ:I rich ol;1n),:lnd dk.-'f:irf~ onJ.~ u-Off)' \\':1.. IhI: ln,r "o()(s ::I,t."C, ':\0\\ the m)"Slet\ ~ 1~'1dn..: .... lkI Holnu..., "The PfiJ(\:, dKl "h.1t he: bad never dooe l)lfot\~, til: ktt hClIlIC' 300 ~I\\." no IndkJhHO of \\ ht.re ev en he was J:<)lng, lie \\,1 v ;n\";I" (or .. ronnll_.lhl :utd Ik.-" rl1urned 10000Ing exhausted, lie dKlI1()( mcnuon \\h\:(\., he hold Oren J.l,unc.lhhou1-th be \V.J5 \blJallr \el) rr.lnk ahout ..uth dHOWD)' cJUrk\... hu\\ '-" lr. \11'bcnocn received :11~ler (rofn:1 !>Iudl.-"u in P,...SC"c, wbo ha-, ,lid he had seen (he prurc!'SOrin PI'".JgtJc hut th.u h\.1I,I(:.In',hull the ch.utce 10 talk to hun. Only in lhi.:t\\'ay did the (.11'1111)' had flud 01.11 wberc he Itld I"",,'n, IIt)hnc.~ moved 01\ whh some exckcmenr 10 Ih,,' IllO'il ('\lrioll" pnrt Ihl' "Inl')': 'Then :1 curious chal)t{(' ha... carne UV",'I' Ihe Professor. Ilc hl.l'.JllIl.o N..."((':Ci\'c ~1I1d slv. ThQS~around hlau ),,,,.,, he h.uJ ch:ln~ed In "Ollk.' \\':1)', a ... If he \\':1$ ~Indcr SOIHl' shadow. '111t'l'C'\Va,..
.. f:unil) iLl" noc 1)\."(.'1\ II .1 'lkl IJcnll4:tt. 'ilK: ~jrf" father Iud had nu oh~'('u()n, 10 ilK'
I,..
or
sonu:lhlnl,: I'oinbler abctn hlm.'
68
Unit
Grammar
Past perfect simple and past perfect continuous
You usc the past perfect simple for an action in the part that happened before another action in the past, The second action is in the past simple. Holmes hiXI left the aime scene by rhe /lme I a""",,I.
3 ExplaJnlhe ddf.rence In mealllng bel\_n of sentences

!I
these pairs
I h.ld read the report before I we.. ot 10 I'k.'tl b I h:ld been I'cadjn~thc report before r ",,'nl to bed. 2 !! .\IOt:\rl h:ld lenrnr co read music :\1 hnnll', h ]\10/,0.11'1h.rd been learning 10 rend Inl",,~ic :11 horne. 3 :. I 11:1(1 \\-TIII\.'11 .1 letter when 1 hC;lId Ih,' n~\\l'o. h I h.tel 1"" ....1\ \\ lihng a lerrer wben I Ik~lnllhl'
1\(:\\,
Youuse the past perfect continuous for an ~ton

in the past that was in proqress up to Of near a time in the past. You often use it with for .nd since I had been Irving '" New Zealand !Of M_ ~ when I d<!dded ro return to wales.
--4
.;t
I n: .. d Ihe: huok wbcn I:-.J." the fihn. h 1 h.ld ~.Id rhe txWlkwben I..... '\ Ilk' filol
4 Answer inese CI"e1lionsusing Ihe pasl perfecl

contonuous and on. of th. verbsbelow.
tivc:tr
p;Iiltll1lvlllJ.,: 1'00111
1 Complele Ihls letter using Ihe correct form (pasl SImple or past perfed simple)of lhe verbsin brackets.
pear Mar1 h Happy Ne.. Y... r. tnoueh rm ..raid tho New Y... r has $taruD ~.dly for us. L8st n'(lht. we <I) __ (~) ~acthome to flnd the front .:ioor open anO tile IOGk ","".Md. We (2) __ (~) OUt all """mne -. fri ... " (3) __ (Invite) u~ to Gel.~r"to tn. New Vosr with them and we (4) __ (lIOt/g.t) ~~ck home till the oariy houre of tho ttlor'l1lng.
Slllnkc/tnomuch cry \\'OI'k!:lU d:ly drink

stud),
nlin/:dllll):hl
I 111t"rl/~'f'" Itt/II/Ill{ att "(glll

\'\:11) \\ v"fl' the' n.ll;ld" \\t_'t? 1 \Vh) were \I,In."" t.1" .... n.ocJ? j \\""11) \\:l1)ohn ooccrcd in oil? -of \\ h)- \\J.." f'\:'.1n t.'O\', .. n.."ti in JX1int? ) \~h) \""'" Pt.'h..'" 11f\."\P
6 \\hr \\":1" David (_""tllishing' 7 \'1h) did TOf" 11.1\ v , 1 hangover?

~ \~h) did Uu:-.it: ~() let 1)\,.-j:1I four o't,h)(:k In Ih\,.
11)(}I'ninlol~
It difficult to see how the ~urgl8rs (5) __ (~re.k) Into tho house. The lock wa&n'C .. ".ry eood ant anOthry (6) __ (piGk)~ With ...:reMJriveror &ameth""J. A. our nex1O-.:ioor neianl>oure (7) __ (go).way for wweetend. the thieve!> (6) __ (take) their "'"., anO had mBnagM to finO m<>5t of the monry "" had eo csrefully hiddenaWlAY under ma&tre6 and In5ide flow.r pot:6. rho Ar&e thing
ws.,,~
5 Write answers
continuous.
to
ibese questions usmg Ihe pasl perfeCI
w.
\\h) "I,'"r\-')nu tu\.'C,)) c....... crday" 2 \\ h) dtd dw Ie'J(_h_..,. ,e n rou off b~ I"",-.elf\! 3 \\'1) \\C~ vour (,'Ol~ dilll d\.is InominJ,:? ... \\ h) \\\,1'\' )"tMI ... nlUY aficr the: P.1r1y~
5 \\ h) "(\(;~, )'0\1In :-u<h a $lood mood tl ..... nlAln"
(9) __ (notice) wss the Incredl~leme&&thry (10) __ (mad.). All the Cup~oDr"e DnO drowero had ~.. n empLledonto tne floor. It (II) __ (look) 89 If """,cone (12) __ (dnop) 8 ~om~onto our hou&e. ThO)'had "leo ...
2 Now f,ntlh Ihe leltef Oescribe what else the Ih,eves had stolen and what other damage they had done Use some of the IIf!fbs below.
rlr find
hrc:.,k
l'onl:l)t;h
:'tcal
I'Clnovc
"nOd; o\cr
69
* Sherlock Holmes - The Mystery of the Creeping Man

Reading
, Answer these qoesucos about (he SIOI)'.
\Vh)' was the Pn)r~, .. or' .. trip \Inu.,\ml? l \t'hich three :1(.~l.C;h\ 1..''' describe the Pro(d~'~ bclu\ tour after hl~ trip? .l In what \\.1.) do )'111.' think the Pro(,,'-.or"' belt;}\ ttx.Ir rmgtn have ht.'\."Il ",U-.ulRcf \\'hat kind of IhinR,1: d.d he do.'
2 Now read Episode Four qUICkly and check your answer

to question 3 above.
111<: M)'l>"tcry of (he Creeping Man I!pl,ode Four

The J'rofc..",.;o(sdaughter tried 10 gci undcrneuth the mnsk her father seemed 10 be wearing and M) tiki ~Ir Iknneu. but whh IInl'l"..Ut'tt ... .. -vow. \lr Bef\nt.1I, Holme.. said, mrrung 10 Ih4.: )'uung nun, 1:ei1 0....about the JUtt:cb. Well. ;1b bi:. ~I.II) I hJookd \."\\.-'Ypaper IhJIeame 10 him I would 0fk11 III of hi. .. leners (or him; he IN,--aed me completely. Howes cr. soon after he had ~)C back from his trip. e\'e'1'lhlnu l hnnged. The PJofc.'iM)1' always slept in .1 room ,II the end (If tht J)a.s~a)lc and would have: to p:l't-..'l 1\lr uennerrs <.1("01' to reach Ihe "il:aircase. 'Il \\11S u h:rrif)'ing experience.' he added, 'I was shak~n l)} \\'hJI I ",*\\. The pa:,.. .. age \\'.l" d.ar~ C:(CqM for OOt." \\1ndo\\ tulf-\\'::I)'along the JXI''4.,1A<''- I C'Ollki sec .om.dun):Cf.nin~ alont! rbe "'MlIethinl' <1.lIk. ~pln~ on the floot. Then. in the: IIWlt of the \\'indo\\. I made uUllht: I)roft,.~'i()r He wn t;'r:I\\ling, :a.lmOS1 on hIS hands .uxl knees. His bead 'V.1S benl eJO\\I\. ) was so shaken by whnt I saw Lhal it wne I}OI um!l he had reached IUYdoor rhar I \\':11'> :lhl4: to ..rep forward and :I",k him if he 0c '4...<1\.:<.1 any help. I--I~.In~\... er was extraorthnJr). ) tc C'tPr-JOf;; up. !'Ip..tlotll an In... ult and burned on pa....lite: ..and oo,\\'n the -.cairol.'14: I waaed about :.n hour btu he- dwJ nClilcome blck II mu~ 1\:I\'e been d:tr'i~hl before he: J(oc back to lit..room. Tho!'oCarc the: f;1('1..'. "Ir
p.l''''~''.
I did 001 see the .10.''' ... '1'' rhe Professor "TOle. if he: \\!'OIe any at ~IJ. '\nd the box ..: ~id 11()11l1l.~. 'Ah ye-, the:00'(_ 1he ..n)ft. ..... sor h.1dbrought beck :l hnle wooden box fronl his lr.1\'cb . One day. I found the box In :1 cupboard and. tU tHy surprise, he \V'dS \'t:ty lUl~I)'. IIe was ftltkJus. ill facr. Il 'V:t~the firsl linu: :tuch a fhing hnd happened. Luted to explain lhat it wns au .u.:cldent th.u 1had touched the box but he continued UJ he 'itdlen ::Ihcxuthe: v ..,tKJle IhinJ',
Holmes.
'No. Dr \''';lI'>4')f'l: repbed tsennen, 'he has never been In bener hcahh -n seeo (0 me there i..'t HM)f'e to 1111:tlun III ~hh. ~kI H()lIne~.:"\n\\ I nn onl)"suggnl .
\\':'e \....11t'M."\"''f kno,v ....tot Holnld \\.l' .llxK.ll10 SUggcM t)(..'C,ll1~C ju,l lIu.!1lIhe door opt'Il"'''t.I,Inu a y~Jng lad)' t';:lfnc Inlt, Ihe rOOOl.
Y.:, He:~rtackedhim :l~hc "'3.' comjng f!'OluI" .. "'ludy Into the hall. Aguin 011 Ih<..clt-"\..... )dl of Jul}' then.: \\'.11'> :1 ~hnllur .sc.."cnc :lIld ;Ioochcr' on ,he; (\\'cnlil:lh: 'You S<X, \'('~t.son,' s.1id IlolnlC'i, ,,'hen ~It iknncn here nexiced somcdling \\'ron~ he statted kccpill$l ~I di'I..,.' of
'he curiOu.'i' t..'Vt..-n~. "CI') :'olr.lnK~. ,",0\"". \\'h4l1 Me" de\ ... loprnc.-nts are lhtn:." 1be pteas3.llL, opL-'1"I f3ex' 0( our young \i.. ltor sutkk..-nl)'
bt."ClIUC
She .... '11 do\\ n next [0 )Ir Rennc11 '.'It Ilo1.cnl.."'l. on you do nothinJ,t fur
n1)'
poor falhe~' sh'l.:
a<ed
"'lC
('.l.:c
very
!.c..~.
I' "111'3 m~'Jo>lL'ry to me. ~h",'1Pl"C5hurr.PeduJ>~
70
Unit

3 Seven paragraphs have been removed from pisode Four of the sto<y. Choose from the paragraphs A-H the one which fits each gap (1-7). There is one extra paragraph which you do not need to use.
A 'Edkh. (~lr!' erred ~(t' Bennen, '\~{hal'S 'vronw' 'Oil, J=I(;k,I have had the shock of Iny life,' "h..: lndy \V:'IS clearly Mr Bennett's fiancee, n TToh,"ICS uskcd Mi:--s Presbury whether there was a long ladder in the garden. Shl.: lold hhn fhct'\!
\\~I!'>n'"
(0 fell us will throw SOD1e light on it,' )'Ii~:i Presbury explained thai the previous ntglu, Scpccul1:>t'r llk: third, she had been woken up by 111C dog barking Ircm the smote, where he had been chained by
whar you have
C ric told us huw. jU.S! over ~l , w-ck age on the twenty-fifth of August, he had been I}ting awake at about two in [he morning when he suddenly heard a dull. muffled sound corning from the passage. ttl.' opened the door and peeped out I) He rotd Inc {h:lf; some parcels would :1rr1VC: marked with a cross. , \V~lS not to open these Inn should
leave them for hill) 10 open, lndccd. :-t.."VcI"'JI !'Iuch parcels did arrive, addressed in :1lm~l illegihle
handwriting.
the Proft.'Ssor.
~ly rOOOl Is 011 the second floor and I always sleep with
the door locked,' she added.
E Thai 'vas 011 IJ1Csecond of July, It was 011that day lh:u Roy attacked the Professor for the tirsl time.' 'You mean Roy, the dug?' I :I~k(.(J. F The l)rof~:...iOf h:.td :d\v~lys been phySic..'Odly strong.
His mind. 100. wa .s ~IS :1cll,'e as ever,
~JrHolmes., nearly died of shock, There it was, pressed

.t~"lil'l:-.tthc window pane, and 0111.'hand was raised as if u1~ng to push up the window. If the window had opened, I think I would have gone mad. liar there (or .ibout lv..'('IUY seconds, paralyse.. d - then the face
disappeared. Of course, I couldn't sleep after fh;lI; I jut-;( lay there cold and shivering till morning:
G 'The curtains were drawn and there " ... .I.:oi bright moonlight outslde. As 1 1:1)'with Illy eyes fixed on the window listening 10 Thedog, I was amazed 10 St.-'C Iny father's face looking in at me,
I I whco 13cnn<;."lt had finishl...'(lspeaking there 'vas 3 moment's silence us we Ihoughl aboin the s'I'aogt' events be hnd described, 'Is he suffering front an Illness of ~lny sort. perhaps?'
I asked, 'That's (he ~uHl.ziJ'~j{ pari of iL IIO\Vdid he reach 01)' ''''U'IOO,v?'rho SII'1nge thing is he didn't seem to remember anyrhlng the next morning.' Today is the fourth of September,' said Holmes. 'so we must sec the Professor in jl,l..-.t ever a week's time.' Bennett looked surprised. 'This is the second time you have referred to (he dare.' he said. 'Does the date have .In)'thing to do with the casc:.?' 1'1~,~e leave your notebook with me,' answered Holmes. 'and J will check d'lC' dates. Is 'here a hotel near the Professor's bouscr Yes, rhe Rose and CI'O,vn is the nearest. in the vill:l&re of
Rodmcrdcn,' sald Bennetr.
Speaking
The Mystery of the Creeping Man Episode Five
1 Work with a panner. You are going 10 work out what happened next in The Mystety of the Creeping Man by describing a set of pictures that tell the slory. Student A, look et the pictures on pages 196 and 197. Student 8, look at 1he pictures on paqes 198 and 199. Studenl A should be9in.
'Good," said Holmes, "Sennett - warson nnct I wlllrneer ~'OU in the no.... e .. lncl ero'''n ;11three o'clock 011 the rn'elflh of Scptctnber, Until Ihel'l. '~";1tchthe Professor d"",ly:
71
* Sherlock Holmes - The Mystery of rhe Creeping Man

listening
1
lEI Listen to
SherlockHolmesexplaining the mysteryto Watson.
Exam practice: Part 2 2

lEI Listenagain. and
for questions 1-10. complete the senreoces with a word or a
phrase.
l'he
I)rol($:,of
fir:<ol. behaved
:..t1'al1gcl>'
2 Tlu,:Professor behaved Mr:tn~cl}~' ;c,~.c~'.:.Y-=@=R'liii:::~. ;; TIle Il.ucrin the box \\':1Sfrom "I _,'t":t',,.
'. The Czech :-,ei\:nti,slclainl\:<1 10 h:hr~found
ol,.,,;;r~!iii~I:::j~=====;~ ===, __ ...J

...J
the secret of
1, ..
~!IIiI
aboui Ihe
S 'lllC source Or~'~h:e::(;:I"::'::l!-::"::':-":-' ::-.~t=':;m:~;;.B;;.~-----'I c:lIled Senllll Langur.

6 The Pr(_)r~ ..Ot'S fi;l1)t'\..~was worried
hcr!1Cl(and the Professor. 7 Professor Presbury believed Ih~11_ he had LO turn himself into
$ Prcsbury
Liif. 1ft
11:.e1\\ een
went10~":r.,~!,~u:-c-::,:o'f!j;;;!;;!'J;;j;;::::==-----'
\V~I." first
I'm
9 ]11C change in tbe Professor
noticed hy
F:bl
-'
10
11)1:
dug':i behaviour was a clue that
ij""A'' -'l'
Vocabulary
Words often confused succeed manage cope achieve reach Phrasal verbs with back call back get back hold back hand back play back go back bring back
1 Complete thesesentencesusmgthe correct form of one of the words above,

I I __ very good results in the exam. 2 The (CSt \VlS difficult but I __ (0 do quire ,... ell. 3 She __ in IXlssill~Ilt;r driving h.. "SI m the fi~1
<{
2 Complete thesesentencesusing lhe correct form of one of the phrasalverbsabove.

__ h3PP}' memories, 2 \''1\:11 time did you __ horne klSl night? 3 'The witness ));,SI\', told us everything.' said l lolmc..... 'She must he __ something __ ., I (.":111'1 __ (0 coIl~C" IlO\\' - 1'111 rnuch too oldl
wheoever I hear rhar nine- it
aucntpt, 'rile" cighdifte-r from Greece __ record, 5 After long talks. the 1\\'0sldes __
a new world an
agrttlllcni.
6 \~I(h seven children a od only a small ",aI:IIY. I find il
diff'i(,."\dl IQ __ 7 If the businl:M __

ti They flll:llI)' __ 9 I Cln't __
' he'll bc u weahbv man.

(he top of the mounraln ..f,ef
1'1)\ JUSf abOUT to en my lunch Q1I1 I __ __ ill :I coeplc of lninult.':'J? 6 \"fh..:n the: thief w ~I~caught. he had lO __
you all the
('linlhin~ for three \... ccks. with the pressure at work an}rn10rc.:,o
"1)1 going (0
money he had stolen. I when we __ the c::,S$CUC __
tbc tape was
hlank - it hadn't recorded.
leave.
\,,:1.. "
10 '111'1.; supermarket ;10), bre-ad.
shut .so ,
didn't __
10 get
72
Unit
Writing
Exam practice: Book review

Woo~y Allen: lYeJ:$~ camplet:ed a $peed
reading course. It wa&great. I reael ~Vsr snd
'\
Here are some tips on wrttlnq a book review.

Think about who you are writing the review
Pesce In,,~out half sn hour.1.'$ a~ut $ome
for, and how this will affect the style of your

language and the layout of your answer (a
letter, a report, a composition).

In Part 2 of the writing
Plan your review before you begin writing and
exam, you (an choose to answer one of two questions on one of the set books. Youmay be asked to
write about the book in a
organize the information into appropriate
paraqraphs.
Make sure you include the title of the book.
Give some brief jnformation about the author and when and where the book was written. Summarize the book, but don't describe the
composition, a letter. a report or a magazine article. The key to writing a

good book review is to summarize the book and
give your opinions about
whole plot. Name the characters you are writing about. .' Give your opinions of the book and say
whether you recommend it.
it.
1 Forquestions 1-10, read this text. Use the word given in capitalsat Ihe end of each line to form a word thaI fits in lhe space in the sameline. 2 Haveyou readJane Eyre?
Does the description make
Exam practice: Use of English, Part 5

JaneEyrt:
book by Ch:lrlotlt. It is one of the IllOS( (2) __ books I have ever read. Ahbough it \\~'Swritten over- 'ISO years :t~O,it i:-, still a \'cr)' (3) __ book. 1Lis written in an (4) __ way. with vivid chnmcters and an excttlog plot, Charlene Bronte, one of the finest English (5) __ of 'he l:l;,l century. \\!;15 born in 1816 and dlcd in 1855. after publishing three novels, She was one or rhree stsiers, all of whom wrote (6) __ novels.Jaue EJ:rc \V~S Ch.. irlooe's second never and was (7) __ popular. \Xfhal ] like about I have ju~ finish<::d ;'1"1 absolutely (1) __
Brontecalledjane
F.j.,T1,
MARVEL FORGET rOWER h\l'\GI~E NOVEl.
you want to read it? 3 Cnooseone of these Vllfitingtasks. Write between 120and 180 words.
wrne
:l S\lnln~lIy
SUCCESS
1~IMEDiJ\Tll DESCIIIBE DEPEND
fane E,vre i." the (6) __ of n )'O\lng gitl'$ Struggle for freedom and (9) __ The heroine, jane. h~1.S a diffi<'-1.dl childhood and although the rich and PO\\'CI'fUJ uv [0 take
:Ich iUll;'ge of her, she refuses to give lip her (10) __ .
FRF.F.
of the
story of 111(> C'fV(1Ji1l8 "fall from the point of view of either lX:nn...:n or the Professor.
*-~-----------------------.
Can you solve this mystery? A man goes into a bar. He says something to the barman. He turns his back to the barman and the barman take. a gun and fires at the ceiling. Why?
2 \"'rite:L review of a
hook you have enlcycd.
73
*Review: Units 5-8

For questions 1 15. read the text below and decide whICh answer A. B. C o. 0 best fits each space
My life In the movies
\'Vhcn I \\'a~ :11>001 Itrrccn I joined :1 travelling theatre troupe

ForquestJOns16-25. complete the second sentence so that n has a smilar meanrng to the first sentence. uSing the word given. Do not change lhe werd given You must use belween two and five words. Including the word given.
J6 The I:ISI linlC I read n rhnller wne :Igv...:I~(). for 1 hnvc .1f.tC-' 17 At' a 1~11t of \\'3lking three klk>nlcll\:~hl' ured.
:11'1<1 ,'Ilurk"Clgoll1l_C on '1'Ip$ around America. If was on one
()r
nresc louroSthat r \V.lS offered a (1) __ in a film, which I accepted. (2) _.1 I'\..,.,uh. I wcru to Ilnll}"\,"()od, where I eventually became :1 director 3S (3) __ :'5 nn actor. when I \\':1.' a child, J (i) __ never have prcdk1l:d Iny rUIUI't' (.lIne .Jnd fortune. ~fr (5) __ lite: \\10'0; :l Ijnl~ of
was \'crr
)trt."al h.lfd,hip. (6) __ rny funlil~'had ..a!lrted otT Ih'inJZ qenc con'lfortlbly. \\"'c had even had 3 maid 10 help out in 1M hou."oC.Our nnanciaJ !'tituatioo. C-) __ grJdu:llly SCOt \\O~ and In lilt: end \\'C lost everythmg. The (3mi1r b:nmc (8) __ poor thaI ;J[ One .5CIgc m"r brothc~ .11\(.1 I had to Like II in (ums to (9) __ the only patr of ..hOC', we had YC-:lf'ltrl (10) __ , ;A loe 0( these childhood cxpencnee-, found thesr \\,..Iy into nl) films. 110\ ed being the lCnl~ of (11) __ in f1hl1~.~nlc'hin~ wtnch I had never been rl~a hoy. 1 would ,ay the lmporrnm (12) __ that women pl:I)' in JU)' fihns (lJ) __ back to the influencc my 1l10thcrh.ld
un 11Iy llfc. I 111,,0 liked to (14) __ fun of policemen, c,''1J)t::(.'I:llIy when IIH.')' "lade life difficuh for the poor. As (I S) _ dnmkcnness, t utcd to nuke people l:lu~h :1(
so
He had walked
'<'I)' urcd.
19 ~hemanaged to achie\c.J g~t tk....... 1in.l ..he", -pcce of lime.

succeeded
She :tpJet: or time. 19 'lllC I:..,. nme I spoke

momtog.
ShlCC
10
.J
gr~Jl dell in .1..hUrl
Knty \\,J,$ y('sccru,Ir
I bave
res(crtill), rncrnlng.
what 1\:10caused nil" deep sorrow in my 0\\'1\ lifc. I A pk'<'C 2 A r01

3 Awe))
I
20 I urn ~lUIreading that Shcrlc.ck ttobuc hunl" Ottlshtd I Ih:1ISherlock , 1()ln)C~
book yet,
U place
OAs
11good
U should II )'OUDIt lJ even " tnOn .. 'O\1!f
"can
5 A child
6 A ;d.hoolth 7 A 1)0\\(.'\cr
8 9 10 II A """h
A
Oro
8 puc
13 af(c~-:trds
1) world
wear
A A IIghl
""'ore
12 A ~lIlIe
11 trlck.<
I., A return, 14 A tnke 15 A~"
IIg""s
13have IJ for
C role C Like C ,Iso Ccould C childi;h Cdespilc C \"hafs more Ctao C dress C3g0 C attention C music C f"Us C get C concern ..
)) '<I'IIX
)) Wllh
1) ""'"
Z1 I had seen tbe film before. titue

nl.lt \V3.,_"O'llhc
o ,nuS4 o ho\\C\'cr
))"'~
1) ""rt)
Ihc liln'
22 \ ~rt nme after theenurri2~. C\'(.'f)'hin~ changed.
go.
Soon after changed, 2~i J I~ dcesnt all
fh:
O\Vt: anyone
))'er)
D
C\ cl')'thtng
carry
o faille
1) pnrr
"'.er
.my moOC>'.
debts
I) beAil'ls o make
Z1 He returned the money 10 the Ci:lfc yC~I( ..'rday.
J} rcfcflIi:
beck Yesterday he
train. kepI
Iht,
-lore
.l~ He only stopped running when he had
ft.'.ld'k..-~ the
lie tram.
he had re3d'k.'d dlC
74
Review: Units
5-8

For q~ttOns 26-40, read the teXl below and look carefully at each line. Some of the tines are correct, and some hall(' a word which should not be there. II a line is correct. put a tick (.1'). If a
line has a wo,d which should not be there. "'flte the word.
Relaxing In t.ondon
__ 26 111<:1\::' l.. su
much
10
x- in
I.ondnn
Ih:ln h
is diffictlh to make a cholce,
-_ -_ -_
__
__ -_ _ __
__ _
27 f\i<X:t oj the Important sigtus nrc In the \Vesa End or 10 ;U51.IC~ 28 Walerloo Bridge in the r':lIher UW)', (,."QnCf\."LC South Bank AI!S Ct."OIfC', '1'W! 29 Centre was opened in 19-6 ;lnd U 1< ume II "'3.s been given a f;l"':hft .il~ jC) 11l..' bt.-g,nnlng 10 look :I bl of scruff)" Alongside the N;nional11lC".ltre 31 b the Ro')'al Fcsti\":11 Hatl, '\\'Illch \\ .....built in 1961 fot (he f"'~h\;al 0( 32 OntJin Nearby you can and 31", Yl,h the H3)""-a rd ~1IeJ)'. an important 33 \ enec (or the an exhlbi(Jon.~ Ailc.'f wclng a show. you OlaYwam rc bOO 10a 31 reseuram or a pub. The re~taurl.ln~ with the best food in 1()\VnIlI'C' 35 J,tencraUyquite an expensive, c;o.[k."Ci:tlly III the evening, I In''''C\'CI',
~ there are exceptions, and :11luncluhnc rnan)' of restaurants oRer
__ -_ __ __
37 38 39 )0
the chance to uy u Axcd menu .u .1 frcctlou of the evening price, P.chnic: 1't.'~t.lur'Jnl~ arc in gcncr:.llly quilc cheap unless the owners have PUt up their prices JUs1 because of they've replaced paper lablccloch.. with lillC'nand lager with 'vine,

Fo, q~tions 41-50. read the text below U~ the WOfd given in cap.tals at the end of each hne to form a word that filS In the soace rn the same hne.
The duU life of animals

I came :I('ro..," :11' article in :1 nlag:17inc (he ollH.'r day which made (41) __ between people und nnhnnls. n seemed
10come 10the (,i2) __ thaLin llKlSl C:I,')dwe :11~ superior to aniJnJI.. :Ind lead a more (43) __ life \'flkl animals have much 111()rC(f..f) __ dun pet.i or :.lnllll2ls in zoos, ho, even lion or uger in ,he jungle could be kilk.-d by <.. 5) __ at 310.0"'''0), time. F()(~nlmal .. life l." genct:dly hard and (,16) __ compared (0 ,he hfe ted by p<,>pIc in large citie.), \\ here tht"rc ." not only ('i7) __ but abo the frccd<wn to choose the kind of lift! ~'OU\\':1nlI0 1t'<I<I. II is hard (0
Irn:lglnc :1 IIle more (48) __ than Ih:1I of.1 tortolse.
COMflAlU! COI\CLl'I)l:
cosiroer tREE
Ht.;~
DAXGER
VARY
nORE
A()VANTACr,
However, we humans do have .:101111: (19) __ in urcas :,u<.'h ~I!\snk"lI, h1:;1I'h,,,,, or speed. for example. n dog',.... -ense or smet] i'i much ilIOn: (~) __ than ours
POWER
75
Mysterious monsters
The passive; adjective order
0<:<-
..... _
eot'IJ :
1 Describe the pictures abclole
2 Work WIth a partner and discuss these questions.
\Xlhic.'h these aniolals do )'UU think exi..q_si' whlch C'I'C"'JtUI'C has been seen in: - the t.:11~lbh (;Q\Jl1lrysidc? - 'Ill" "'filn:II~Iy.ls? Scod:lnd? UIh;_lt \\ ould roo do if )00 ..... " ooe of these cr..... Jtur...~
~(?<='
It's big, it's ugly, it's wild and nobody can capture it!
I A S1)ear-old v.OI11;ln ",'asmauled y(s.er~). by 'Whal she cl.um~ w.\5 '0 huge. black cal'. as she "lIS \\'3lking her 1\\-0 00,\ ncar Bodmin ~loor in the \\'c..._\ol Counlty. Local police an: I"ve,,'igaling her 5101)'.Yo htch rollo~ ., ~Ie of cimitar
~ rrpon~ in lhe area in recent months. Resident\ and visitors (0

the \VC~1 Country have been warned 10 ovoid Ih..:Bedmin
or
are;.,
."frownfiarns, the wife of a local fnrmer;described the cat ll$

~u:it li~e ~melh.ing out of the jungle. It \"tl'ljclbl;u;L all over 10 ~ Ith a \\ hile"lipped tail It h.."ld ~honIe" but ~ Vfl)' ~mng. ~'Iore &:tllils\\'eTC not 3'\0lIlab1e.as the ceeanee 11">\ ed 100 f;ast mel ~(rs "'iJliarn~onl) "ed 10 catch a llimp-.c: of il. The incidenl occurred y, hen t.11"i> \V,lIiams. was

1 Work with a partner. Ima9 ne you have seenone of the animals In Ihe pictures above. Which of thesewords would you useto describe: - Ihe monster? - what happenedJ how you fell?
tn"oe :arock Ixasb gliucring nl2...''ii\ c: indtknl sight crcnure c .... t-like honlf)tng "'I3.,-agc (.:h~,< ugJ)' ,,-tId rail do,,"" (amt
"QJ"....
1;I~anJ: her dogs for n walk, 0., she :11\\':1)'6 does on Sunday IS 111ornin&, Soddenly something 'b..L..hcd' her 1'elllly hurd on the back v( the head. causing he!' 10 (:dl 10 the ground. stunned,
Ib'l
SlW1 (ri::l~hl
'\Vllen I came to, there it was - a huge, bt:w:l. C;ltstaring down 31me "ith its glilu,"I'ing. green eye" I the fright or
,04.
2 The words in the box aboveare all from the reading text. What do you think It 15 gOln9 to be about? Read the texl and check your answers.
"ly life. I (:;)n tell lOU: said "IrS \\'ilham .. '11 was a lJj homfyin, .. penence.' she wid repon-. as she sipped. cup oflOJ to cabu her-down ....till '\"uibJ) shaken. '.fit hadn't been rnr Iny t.abrador. who chased the 111On\ter3"IlY. h "'ould have \Jtvaged me 10 death. It \\ IJ~about S"IX fOOl long, tbe size of n large Alsatian.' Mrs \\'illiol1lS' de!CI'il)Liol1 matchess that 2'S or other eye witl1SSCS in incident .. involving slrnnge creatures In vlUious puns of the country,
76
Unit

3 Choosethe most SUItable heading from lhe list A-G for each part (1-6) of the text There is one extra heading which YOli do nOI need to use.
A Ponce on the
I) Dc\\.Ir'C
nrro~, .---------------~
EXll)()()r, however, eeeme 10 be onc or lhe mY'IC1'IOUS moester's favourilc haunts. This is Ihr lrues1 in a "'hole series of incident! III "hich a ~ac'k. cat-like creature hIb been -".,""hied b) peopk hving in the area oi Exmoor The creanee. "hid> looks hke a puma sa) jccal farmers, h.. been killing s~p ancJ other Jh'eslock. '11should be C'Jughllnln~ullCI) and ~hol.' 'dId one r;llTJl(f\\.ho has ~t five sheep in reeem monihs. Several other farmers have reported the loss of ;., li\~tock (ollowjn~ IILUICk:; by an unidentifiedcrcnmre. (hliUIlICd hy 1I1:l11)' until recently 10 have been Il wolf. 'A wolf has 1101 been sighlcd ill these areas in H\!ing memory,'
COf1UI1ClIlcdone rllnnel'.
or the
(_~IM!
('.;11
C DraNk "1\."[\, D \\:'01lUn auacked
E Secn .. "11th. f Sa,,-d I a dUll G "ex a q....1 "roll

4 Readthe text again. Forquestions 1-7, choose the correct answer A. B, C or O.
J 10\\' diu the police react to what ~1N1 \'(IjIlLun~ :l.Jid?
A "{,hc)' J(.'\;cptl!tJ 1"-.1' !'tof)'.
E.,moot poi",. 00". been trying.o 'l'1ICk.he Oe.,. of

)
Bodmin', 11\ 1I'~ called. since it '\\<115 first Sporled.some: )t.ltS ego, btu Ihe) beve sc rarcomc: up with oolhinl (,,(!'''eVe rOta
B 11>.:)'dldnoc bdit'\'e her. Ion~ It seriousl). 11><.")'Iu,c heard it
e nx,),.",.. o n,,"V .... ).
.11 b e(or"
few \cry I;u~ nnimal iraeks and a (mil of dead "')ICCp. Clainl~ thilt the creature wus sighted in a school pla),gT'()Ond recently are bcinC invcsllgl.HCd. 'Oer policy L"10 loot, Inro 1111 rCI'OI1~ ,,; of Chi.. sort, however l'idiculous.' said ChicrCon ..clIhlc John
\Villnoor.
2. \vtrlt did the creature do [0 Mrs '~dJj:un.~ A II walked (O\\,lrdoG; her. B II hit her on the back. C II knocked her over, D It bh her, ~ 1-10\'" ~ she feel no'''? A She i:-; 'lill ~hockl."CI.. 6 :ihc f.. "'Cl, di7.7)' e >I... L<"'1m
I ijJ
In\'tstiC:Utom have been inlensified :md )oc;at police bavc brought in lOO'OJI~I"10 a.~sisllhem in the hunl for the Beast 0( BOOmln. ~1t41nwhde. local people and \'i~ilorx to the. area :0 have been warned noc 10 walk alooe on the 1Il(X)(.Parcnlb h;1"C bt.."C1I udvived to keep tbeir children :11It di ... tarrce from the llrc:.. (\1ocorists have also been asked to keep nn eye out for t111ythillg suspicious and to report siahtln"" 10 lhe police ilnlllcdhucly.
OShel.
11n.-<I .00
Ihirsl)".
~:,rt
tl
\lill1ch de'<fipuon fits lite cre:uun..-? A :.1 1.:J'l-'C.black Cit with a shon t~1il B (I I;ul_:e.black l~ICwlth a white I~lil
C :1 1:11'11'" black dog D a 1:II'SC,black \volr 77
* Mysterious monsters
S \01(.-'1"1 \\"':15 (he creature A laS( rear n )'L ..... ltrday C In recent months
I) a
fine SCC'n!
few years ago \voIr.
2 Whal do you think is the e.pIanabon for the stO<}l aboul the mysterious ammal? Choose lhe most Ilkely/uniokely SOlutionsfrom the fonow.ng and d.scuss them wilh your partner. Use .nformat.on from the text to support your answer.
t Iw
{, \'(Ih-;ll is (he police view of the situ:Hion?
A The animal must be

Ii II l'\ norbtng new.
C 11'M!reports are ooc very !en()tL.~, I) The animal oouJd be <!angelOu .... 7 UOW.Ie the police trying to find the crean ..,? A They have asked I"~""-' to help them n Th<y have asked for C:'xI)CI'advice. C TItey are looking for 1110re cri'ck....
I) '111eyare interviewing
viSitors 10 the :U'C!I.
It'~ :U\ unlmal that has escaped frolH the tOO or (._ Ir\:u.,. It', j"'" a "cry tnrge CII. It', pmlXlbI) a \\'oLr. 3. fox or a .... ttl) (log. If,pn~"I~} a puma.
II ('()Old he an alien from O\lfer 'J1Qce
Grammar
The passive
You use the passive when you want co focus on the POIson or thing affected by the action, rather than on lhe 'doer' of the action (or agent).
To form the passive you:
5 find words .n Ihe lexllhal mean:

- ."' .eked and hurt b:ldly (I)-.tt I)
-.' larl,''' number of (pan I)

- .n.o-.:ll (pan 2)
- hit hard (pln
2)
- looking ste3dlly at (p:>n 3)
- very frightening (pan 3) - Ia'ltc. frightening animal <p.tt 4)

- !1C:1'1(''"()as true wuhou; proo( (p,lrI
4)
- "lipid, foolish (part 5)
Speaking
1 Work vnth a partner and roleplay an IIlteMew between the woman .n the news report, MrsWII_ams. and a television reporter. One of you .s Student A and the Olher is Student B.
Srudenr A You are l'-1J's \VilllaJl\S. PI'Cp.lrc your answers by thinking :thout these question ..,
make the person 0.- thing affected by Ihe action the subject. use the appropriate form of the verb be + past participle of the main verb. use by to say who or what the 'gent is. The rel"phone was invented by Bell, The bridge is being repaired. My bag was stolen yesterday al lhe fun-fair
1 Wh<h 01 these sentences are paSSIve?Undert.ne the pasSM! f()(ms.

I \Iycar "'''J'' ""olen. l I "'J, <topped by the ponce fo.- <e<'dUlfl.
3 11\0building has not " .. sen completed I ct. 4 lie ,lid lhal they've I)I...--.:n dec'Ot:ltinFCtheir house.
5 6 7 ti 9 You '\'ill he asked 10 open )1'Q\lr suilCOlIOe. ~hc chrlmed she had been 'It horne :111 evening. Your complaints arc being looked into. L(:lIl"l'S are delivered every cI:IYCXC\:(')( weekends I getl In the surpcrt on 'hue hut Hight had been
you? \Vllatdo you do? \Vhcre do you live? \\'lul were you doing when the Qnhn;alattacked you? What did .he 3nimallook like:'
I low old arc
"'Y
uoccllC<l. 10 If II",d known

wouk1n"t
they
would ClInc..1the flight, I

:urpon.
1u\'C bothered 10 go 10 Ihe
!>ruden.B
You an; the tdevision reponcr. Usc the questions
:ahove and Ihink
0(
some or your
O\VO
78
Unit
Acuvc
111C}'speak EnAlish in India.
Pres..:nl continuous
I~SSivc English is spoken in India. Our house is being patnted
by decorators.
Pa.it simple
TIle police caught the thief.
They .. verc taking the dQSS: for n walk.

Present perfect simple Thad loki her to arrive future simple Gol"8 to 10.100:11 present Modal perfcct TIley Illay have sold the hOllSC,
:11.
11,<.:dogs were being taken for a 'V".J1k.

He has been.nrrested by the police,
nine o'clock.
The government will reduce taxes. 'rhcy are gail'S

10 sell
the car, The problem should be solved hy the commktee,
3 Complete these sentences using the correct passive fOt'mof the verbs in brackets.
By the tlme the police gor (here, Ihe money __ (rake) from [he safe, 2 'ntc building __ (be) restored :11Ihe moment. 3 '111(; x 't1:->(X'<.1 __ (just/arrest). 4 Dogs InUS[ __ (keep) Oil a leash :1[ :111 times.
4 Complete this news report using the correct passive form of the verbs in brackets.
A large, Cit-like animal (I) __ (see) In a field near Bath yesterday. Two girls out riding their horses: (2) __ (threw) when the horsesreared up on seeing the Cal. The nrea (3) __ (search) several tlmes by police, but the only 1f:ICC of the nnimal tlen (4) __ (find) 50 far is a hair on a fence and paw marks. whk'h II (5) __ (believe) mus (6) __ (make) by ~l very large animnl. "Fhese paw marks couldn't (7) __ (make) by a dog,' said a police spokesperson. Another large, puma-like animal (R) __ (sight) near :1 mororway at Dunssable a few days before this latesr incident 'If h (9) __ (see) b)' members of the public', sakl ihe spokesperson, 'it (IO) __ (should/reportj at once,' Wh:lt will happen if the creature (II) __ ",eh)? 11(12) __ (shoot).'
S No d<*s __
(allow) in
llll! (eSC~IU"'.JllI.PIC;:I~t:
leave rhem ourslde.
6 The crime __ (invesrigare) e-ben the criminal gave hirnSt!lfin to the pollee. 7 'rhe (:'II' __ (insure) agaire-t :'lccidl:nl~;I renewed
the insurance yesterday.

8
.J", new
school __
(build) on 111:11 $ilt: next yeaI',
.::::::> ~ 5 S Now
r..,..,
listen to the news report and check your answers .
Q'" ..
.......,
79
* Mysterious monsters
Grammar
Adjectives ending in -ed and -ing

Many adjectives formed from the past partlc,ple describe a fee ring or a state. Iwas bored. Iwas surprised by the ending of the 101m
Many adjectives formed from [he present participle describe the thing. experience or person
Adjective order
When there is more than one adje<tive before a noun, the order of the adjectives is usually: opinion iow!Jy ugly slz. big fittle age old new shape long sqwre colour brown wh;te origin SpMish English material wooden concrete purpose walking holiday noun srick cottllg!!' You usually don't use more than three adjectives before a noun.
that produces the feeling.

The lesson was botlng ~he ending of the film w~s surprising.
2 Complete these sentences using some of the verbs below to form -eo or -ing adjectIVes. excite
b,SClrl:ilC
depress bore
fti~ucn Intrigue
1 Put these adjectrves In the correct order.

J G~nn;onhumlns/llUge/bl:lck dog Z :. 2S-)'C"J,o()id Opc..T.i.tt:a1l singer
br:.uw.n(."\\/plaMiclsboppinf,t
green ht~
.. J Greclvhc:'luufullltOld!3ocic::ru brJceJer S :111 tnSII ..h/yourlWinlcresting reacher
6 nn otfu . 'C/cnonnouslconcretc bkx.'k 7 n bl't)".'nI~~lr .. ()I(I/IC:I(hcrJt~llnir'll \\";IIl~1
Arc )U,I __ 0( dogs:' 2 An old, erllpt) hou..-.e J.I night i" _ .i I -.:f __ Ih... <hr befo",. hlg .t"eh. It \\'2 ..n I an __ m:uch. unfonunllc.-I) S The news ""3s:tI1 about \~rtou., dl''''tIC:I''S. J found it abit __ . (, I fe-It ""''1)' __ afier f:ailinj:C nl) C'(;IIl'''': 7 I-Ietells very __ tokes. 8 1'111 not __ hy rQur jOkt..~ 1don', find them funny at :.11.
Vocabulary
Word formation: fright and fear fright fear afraid
1 Complete these sentences uSing the correct form of one of the \wrds above. Sometimes there is moee than one possibility I I>onk- p<-'Opl~"rc \"'}. __ of <,,;de,.. 2 H<.'t\\'Of'o,I __ is C:.lilingher exams. 3 The lillie !titl \\':1$ __ her nlOlhcr \\'ouldn', come
3 How do you reel about these things? Work Wllh a

partner and talk about them, USing-ei and -Ing adJectives. ~h~ srcne, ~n.lkcs
I",IS
space travel
do\\l1l.'\
urscos
hclNOr fllnl, coclrr::n>:IC'he.. thunder
tr:l\cIUng to new countries
I"ek.
4 Thcl'C'\\ ;1" ~I__ SUlCI! in the rooru and I jUM had 10 open the wtndow. ~ A Io(oodreponcr is __ in the face of danger. 6 \Vh\:n the rescue- tc:un reached him, he \V:IS wnh __ .
Unit
Listening
In Part 4 of the listening exam. you will hear a monologue 0<dialogue lasting about three minutes. You may be asked the following types of
question: - True/False questions
You Will hear a corrversation which takes place on .. coach between a tour guide and two tounsts Answer q<JetOClnS 1 and 2 by "ribng T (lor {rue) 0<F (10<false) Inthebo~
'\01. .111 the lOUri..q,sem bear the ~ui<'"de.erl).
r ,)
c.
2 Loc.h~e~b long and shantr\\',
- three-part multiple choice - VesINoquesuons - which speaker said what

look at the questions so you know which type is
Fo< questions 3 and 4. choose the best answer A. 80(

seen A tn the l1inf:leenlh century Il in the t\\\..'nLiclh century. C in the esxthcentury.
,~ Ie I~ ctalmed Ih:11the u)(.il 1'\1.;5S ~lonstel' \V:I~fil'Sl
being used. Try to predict from the questions what you will hear. 09: Who Ire the speakers? Where are they? What is their relationship? What are they doingllalking about? When you listen for the first time. try to unde<stlnd the general meaning and answer any qUes1tonSyou are confident about.
When you listen for the second time. underline
I.
. \\1t\."O 'lim I)in.<;<b)e <poned che mon .... tcr be A IUI.~ d phOlOof it. Il \\J.5 \ en- surpdsed,
C
\\;1 .. Jott..'ttlnll
WIg
ready
10 ,&11().
key words i1nd onswer the rernaininq questions.

Chock your answers at the end.
An,,,,e, questlOt'lS5 and 6 by writing Y (fO( yes) 0( N (for no) In the boxes
~ AI'\.'"touri .. (!oo ullowedro lake
pholo:-, h)' Ihe Loch? Do :111 the t()uri."lS want 10
1 8elO(e you lislen. do these tasks.

~1ulch(he quc~cion~ in cxcrcbe 1 wtth The')'r)L-'S
p;\I
I f,jI
(,
,,1"Iitthe
,llU,.(!Unl?
gfvcu in th(: box .llX>\'\.', 2 Decide \vhk h of Ihl' "l)(:'~'k.:rs hht: gukl .. : or one of the (Quri''1<i:) ,vIII prH\'i<Jil' (he ;H)";\Y~' for each
que ... tion.
Answet questions 7-9 by writing the appropriate ietter in the boxes. G (10( guide) A (10(Aleglettl) H (10( Hanks)
- \\ hn " nnC kt."Cn on going ~ing! a:J \\ ho
I."\\'om ... -d
~hou(hn~
9 \\ ho has drscussed rhc progrJnune

\\ Ilh Ihe ()r~HlI2f:n,'
* Mysterious monstea'
Vocabulary
Phrasal verbs with look
look over look on look into look out look through look after look up

fall throw drop pass knock push 3 Complete thesesentencesusongIhe correct form of one of the words above,
t __ the salt and pepper. please.
careful, you're going
I() __ lh:" glas." a :;.tone at the window nnd broke! it, ~ 110\\' do CIlS:lh\":I}~m:uut-.'CIn __ on their ft..'rl? S ",., chold__ the g1.." '" er and ,pill .11the milk 6 ),," __ the green buuon .nd .he door ,,,II open,
1 Replacethe underlined words onthese sentencesWIth the correct form of one of the phoasalverbs above,
I The police an!' in\'~lJfUlns dw "TIme. 2 If)'OU an):remember the numbtot. ),ou on aI\'\-:J}'S find i. onthe lelephone book, j If you:an: 0()( careful, rou "fl' gOing to have an
accident one d'l)". aln vou plea~ rC".tdLhlo! It:xt tlukkly
2 Be
j
.'t: __
and find all
Writing
Exam practice: News report
1 News reports often have the follow.ng features'
- summaryof the maonpoints in the fllst paragraph - shott paragraphs - a 101 of short words - dorectspeed'o - reported speech - past somple - present perfect - past perfect - pasSIVe Readthe news report opposite and und.~ine examplesof Ihe featuresabove,
Ihe phrasal vcrh;ii.

5 You should examine the pmpcrty carefully before
decide to buy h. 6 \'(Ih(lI:lk~ ClT't: or the kld~ when you

)'OU
J,.'O
Oulin the
evenlog? 7 It waa Icrriblc ... \\'hik the lillie. old L,dy waa being tuuggcd. -everal rl.,~l) IU ....,,()od (hen.:
l\';Itching!
Phrasal verbs with down

let down take down knock down comedown pull down put down turn down
2 Complete these sentencesusing the ccoecr foon of one of Ihe phrasalverbs above 1 A J:.,"ood frM:.nd never __ )"'0 __ ' l 'Tlk..:"ho\\ i) cccr \\'C can __ the pos,,:r now. j The), alTered her 3 101or n>One}ror ~Iehouse bu. -be __ tbem __ , k. the old 1ady c,...... C'fO't... ..ill~ the road she was
__
1'. bus,
It \\':I~ .such an old house Ihc)' tk.'(.idccil0 have it
(, You should draw up a COIlU';'IC1 :1nd __

everything __ in wrltlng.
(0 __ :
--'
7 1:tic<."S in the sho~ never seem al,,":'}"S going up.
they're
82
Unit
2 What would you expect to read in a news report with this headline?
Tiger Mauls US Tourist in Piraeus

An American tourist had her hand nearly binen off in Piraeus yesterday morning, after she reached i"1O a cage to stroke a
DOG ATTACKS OLD AGE PENSIONER

"
Write a news report for the headline. u5-ingthese notes made by a journalist and your own ideas. Try to indude someof the featuresmentioned in exerciset. Write between 120 and 180 words.
circus tiger.
Police said Stacy ElliOt. 26, stuck ber hand into the cage to stroke the
animal, which suddenly became violent and attacked her. Workers 31 the ltaliun Miranda OI1"ei Circus snid afterwards. '\Ve had (0 beut the cat with sticks to make it back oIT.' The tiger \VaS waiting to be
shipped to the island of Syros
Notes from interview with Emily Thompson.

Emily ThOlnp&on - old woman, 78 years old. widow on way to visit sister In Aston
where the circus had planned a performance. Elliot was rushed to the Athens
Emergency Hospital in Kiffisin where she has undergone surgery. "\Ie are trying 10 save her hand: said a hospital official. 'Her hand has been badly severed and she has 10Ma lot of blood: The official added lhtlt he was nOI sure whether doctors would be able to stitch the hand back on. Police said the circus' rcpresen(alive, Giorgio Fidanis, has been
- dog' about six feet long, grey AI.atlan7 -Ioolu!d like wolf
dark. no one eleB on street
dog attacked her pa66er--by calted an ambulance. which took old woman to hcepteel relea&ed eccn after. no &eriou& injuries 5ufferin9 from ..heck
police
aBitA.
'Dangerous doge are becoming a menace to
our
5treet6. There have

-
"een severallncldetl-t6
to P6 careful
recent-Iy of larg.
dogs .ttacking children and old people:

police advise parents
charged with causing an accident

Out of negligence.
83
10
What's in a face?
Either ... or, both ... and, neither ... nor, not only ... but also; causative verbs
Vocabulary and Speaking

1 Pvtthe .. ords in the box unde< the follOWIng he.1dlngs - appearance - pellOOalllY )X'OlI"'slupc._'<J cnergcnc n,u~uIJr plump J~:...\hc ~l(-cc:ntn:d thin insenSilhc t1~h)' sum hr.'ill) \vc:H,hulil "ClI<onfldcn\ charming calm nervous intelli,gcnl bon) Icn-.c Ihick~CIo\cf\vcight tough cheerful
Reading
1 Some people believe you can IOOge
someone's character from features of thel( face or body ThIS IS called physiogflOmy. Read the texl quickly, and matCh each part to one of the
picrures,
2 Find WOfds In the box that can be used to describe,

- a strong person

2 Choose the most sullable heading from the list A-H for each part (1-7)
of the texl. There is one eXUa heading which you do not need to
- a pleasant
person - an unpleasant pelSon 3 Work with a partner Choose one of the fac~ opposite and describe the person's personality, Can your partner guess which person you're describing?
use.
A II C I) E F G II The pase ..ionare typ,-, The bon)' rype The brstny type The muscular '},IX" The criminal rype The ph,ILIlPtype The ha PPY l)'p<' The quarrelsome type
4 Descnbe the faces uSIng words from the lable, eyes
nose
1)()IIlCC.'d
slanting
dose rogerher
cnnri :-mJII
fnee
lon~
round -qu.rre Ihin
hooked
~nl;ln
round blue
gn.:y
hlJ.! lin'
k"j:
turned-up
puinh.:d LuJot"., pronlin.... nl 'ilickin~.)lIl
uians,:uur
wide
wide ::Ipart d(.. 'cp"--"'--'1 lips dUn thICk Ik-"hr
Ron"'1\
3 Choose a face type that best descnbes: -you -a fnend - a member of your famIly
.. ",11th,
Jaw ~Iw~ \\ Ic.k ebeekbenes hi~h
rorehead
hl~h
k)\\ \\Ide
hair 'M'.u~h.
'" .I"},
Won< With a partner, DIScuss

whether the descnptlons In the text fit the people you know,
curl)'
(rilL)
gn::~)
w uh a panlO$t
84
Unit
10
Face
Inl
to
z,;
Face
The full. Oeilhy liJ}sand the pnuuinem jnw arc usually signs or sincerity. wurnuh and :-Irollg emotions (If the mmanric variery. These types are outgoing and I;()ti:lble. They often gel married young. Although tltey muy not shine. they will do welt both :11 \\'0", and :Il play.
I They OrlCI) have a pear-shaped head. They arc inh.:lligclIl but ccu atsc be absent-minded, They like. to spend time at horne where they can think in pence and quiet. !\10St of the time they are either thinking. lI-ludyingor sleeping. They reruaiu i single, or pUI on' getting 'Harried rill later in life.
They arc well-built and courageous and they do not lack selfconfidence. They lite easily inOiiuhed:lnd gel angry quickly. They are quite hard-working :11 scboot Or til work. bUI without cvcrdcing it They enjoy the simple life. They do not often
10 become rich.
The distinguishing femure of this type is that the width and height or the face are rooghly tbe same. They give the Impression or being rnclancholy, They are usually red-faced and look healthy. They have large, dnli.::eyes and bushy .iO eyebrowv They nave a wide nose nod a huge mouth. These {ype.:: are tough and determined, even aggres ..Ive. 'f'hcy strike first und 11. s 1. questions tater,
They urc a bit overweight. l1H:Yarc adaptable end know how 10do a good job. though they ore nOI"cry energetic. They nrc easy-going and gCI on well with people.They often do well in business. On the negative side. they can occasionally be self1; centred and insensitive towards ()Ihen..
They lend to be thin. The)' arc inflexible and do nos change their ideas easily. They are usually honest. 1111.:)' take their time doing rhings and do nOI learn <luickly. Thl!ir thin lip:. suggest .1 certain coldness ur hardness. of character. They !O onen make good farmers, engineers Of a<hninislralor:o..
'CI
This type has a u':lngular race, with :I wide forehe:ldlll)(1 (I "cry nnrruvv chin. They usually have even. well-shaped j~ features. except for their mouth. which "Iill be either too sn,nll or 100 big. Their eyes arc Ia.rge.and often vet)' durk. Their nose i:o. narrow at the tOP bUI has wide nostrils. Their personality is bright and cheerful. but they cult also be tense and edgy. They think a lot and lake in {I lOt of what goes on 010 around them.
85
* What'sin a face?
Grammar
Either ... or, both ... and, neither .. nor; not only ... but also
You use either ... or to talk about
between two possibilities. You c;an have eirher btScults or cake
0

Pan 3 of the Use of English exam consists of ten
key word transformations, You have to complete a sentence with a given word so that It has the same
choice
meaning as the first sentence. This part of the

QlCDm
focuses on grammar and vocabulary.
You use both ". and to join two Idca,. Oint E.SIWOOd is bom a dilfKtor and "" actor. You use neither ._.nor to join two neg.tive idea.s. My (.thol neiIhet smokes nor dt>n*s. When you use neither ... nor to join singular
wbjeas. the verb is normally singular. but in
Prepare for this pan of the exam by keeping a checklist of the common grdmmotical and vocabulary structures that appear. Here is the
Informal spoken English the verb is sometimes
plural.
NeIther Oliver nor Stan is very sman. Neither Oliver nor Sran (Jre very SlnDrt
begInning of a check list. When you practise Pan 3 exercises, add to this list Key word transformalioo ches:khn - verbs/phrases followed by the infinitive \vith or without to (had bener, would rather) verbs followed by the infinitive! or ..;ng form verbs lind prepositions that go together (apologize (or)
You use not only ... but also to 3dd extra Information. It is quite formal. EIIStWOOd is not only an ""or. but.lso. dlff!ClrX. When not only comes at the ~innin9 of a sentence. the order of the Yf'fband subjKt changes. NOt only IShe the besr pl.lyer IfI the ..ooct. he ISalso the yoongesr. _J 1 Complete these sentences
\X/lull would you like? You can h..ve __
Of
phrasal verbs fixed phrases (go on holiday)

dirKt speech into reported spee<h and vice versa - Active tenses into passive tenses and vice versa - In~rslons following negative .d~(blals (hardly. no sooner) In the exam, read the first sentence "nd the
gapped sentence. Foeu, on the key word and decide how it (auld
be used In the sentence, Complete the sentences you are confident about first. then do the rem~ining ones. Don't leave any of the questions unanswered _ jf in doubt. guess!
t:ont.'l.'
orange juice.
01:\\ ..
l \'{c can tell her me good

tiler.
t:llher now __
3 I __ kncm' nor care \\.'hat Ilk: [X'ople llC'xt door On: domg. .. It is __ more economical Qnd quick,., to lake the
uu..
~ Not __
do J have
~Ilot
have n lex of leners

6 I ncilhct dance __
7 lie O\VI\..o( __
[0
of hook ...(0 read. I __ \vritc, sln~,
2 FOfquestIOnS 1-10. (omplete the second sentence so that .t has a SImilarmeanltlg to the first sentence. using the word given. Do not change the word gIVen.You must use between two and frveWOfds . ncluding the word given.
1 Illkln'l Hke tbe :-.101)' and I didn', like che nl1fH"'.". nettberI the .uJur.... l Il'nju),-v the fihn and I cn~~"_'\IIIk.lomposnr. did ~OI Ihc filn t bUI I JI"AJ l.n;Cl.'d the l"Otllpln}. j II~ I., OQ( only selfish. he "",:11"0rude behaves
I h.: hUI ;11"0I\ldc-ly.
:1C;1rnor a nlOIOthlke.
~ 'Ie __
o!'~lr pL:l)rsthe \iolin.
"'It also the cello.
86
Unit
10
-t
~)C
IIkc' fn."Oln filnb and :.he undct'wnd,

French rlln\~, but
1Ik.1'11 ...11(."
s You
too.
docs
:'o:(ll
ill"()
heat part 01 a radIO d1S<:USSIOIIabout graphology, the analysis of hand\""tlng. WhiCh one of these samples of handwriting are the speakers discussing 7
WI'
undt.: e,I:lnds
them,
S She i..~In.ln und she is beautiful. ;aJ~o 'he h --, o."l\lIlf,,1 6 You can have cnffcc, bUI lhcn:'l'o ol"'.anlol\!juk'C too. either
You
-
[A
__
ALL tlA..t. !.Nor-Col''>

A "" cJ..
(A
c..
stc_je,
\.A.. tl....e. """ e"" "'-".c..l

~re~
can
Of"'JnS....IUKC
w~VV\..e...,.._
plj~r~ ~_
~lC l~a
good smger and a \\vndcrful wna.-r ton.
wcU
<.he abo dana-. \\'ondctfull)r, 6 130th bu ... cllo and l!'lin,:,; go LO ilK' \'III~IJ:.,oe,
'he noc or
-8
-1 .:
b~ ~ue
hy train to the villaJotc. 9 I don', erusr the 1;I\vycr or hb partner

\\;Ie can
no,.
I tru~ 10 ~131)\\.,~ 3\\3)';and:,o
",':;:a<il
his partner.
wasjohn h"rn.:,
'\ei.hcr \1>,1'
3 Write three sentences describing people you know, us"'9 the suuctures above. Descnbe their physical appearance and their persona lily.
Il/J'I}(trolll~ arc uli/Il(."'QI,ll'8L"el'tJHS 11()t' '''(.'fl". l~I' ,<bier f.\ IXJlIr clerer uml attmctlre.
\ On&!o & ~, ~CO~)~~ LI-!kwerQ_oA:-~~~: ----~

~ -2
t:l LlS1enagain
_J
.-. -_ For
questlOtlS
__
____J
Listening
In Part 2 of the listening exam. you will listen to a monologue or dialogue lasting ebout tmee minutes. You have 10complete notes or sentences using
1-6.complete the
sentences With a word or a ptvase,

~""lL-r.illymcJ,llS the wnter is serous, ~ .... _....,. _ 2. Larg\..' handwmtng in :,(Jillc C"d~t" (";In .IIM) mean 'he \vrilcr l~ ItJlrJ I 3 1-i:lncl"'rilinA that slopes [0 the right 611AAeSI~ the \\'ol"'r I, an I I
1
l..'lI}:C h:uxJ\\ntln~
between one and three words. This Iype of question tests your ability to understand the general meaning or gist, the main points and the details, Read the sentences or notes you have to (omplele. What kinds of words are needed? """en you listen for the tim time, complete the
sMtences and notes you feel confident about. When you listen for the second time. focus on the remaining sentences and notes,
aJiJ
'" llllc:onll~ .. c.lcd ."::';:i']in[l<::"::""'::';:'lS;:,::.I;:"'::"::rijt\..,. I, spoacmeccs, t , S ConI"M."'l'\''(I \\nting means Ihe wrsee (0110'" 6 The JI~-.eIlC(.'or loops
~'U~~L'S
someooe \\ ltv
l-,
L4:
Iabocr
the future.
Don't worry about spelling. You will net lose mark' if you spell a word Incorre<lly.
3 Work WIth a partner. Use the inlormation above to analyse each other's handwriting.
87
* Whar's in a face?
Grammar
Causative verbs
You us causative verb (have/get + object + past paniciple) to talk about an netion that Is done for
you by someone else.
Vocabulary
Compound adjectives
1 Complele these seotences using one 01 the compound adjectives in the box.
~'(!.oia~ old(.bhionccJ , vell... ncani~ ab~nlnlinlk-d bif;-tacaclcd -e If<enttl;'d .stronJ:"illed bmad--mindt.'tt ,elr~l1t h;a~in~
I must have my eyes t!'StM soon. I'm su'e thlly're

gettJng~
----_
'iO __
Get is less formal and is more common with the

imperoltlvc.
Do )'Ou think we'll be dble to get the house painted in
Tht,:t\,:'!\u boy in oer ('I;I~" who thinks rhl..'world
a week?
1:
revolve, around lum "'e"
he never
1 React to th~
J
situabons USing a causal"", velb.

j ..
}'Ult .VIOII/(llInl'C ill(iJ""1I (1111.
~Ir (oUlh buns M) much ( (.~I1'1 gI;:l It) ..Icep m nigh .. 2 \\-hclll"\cr It rams, our roof I~k.,; 3 nle br:tkb on mv hike don-t seem It) he \\'ur~ Yet') \\ e 11.
5 6 7
S
I CUt'1 "l"C,.' lht! beard when I sit nt the hack of the
c:las.".
5 Aly ann Lutts. ( thin'" I've broken II 6 WhJl am I ~oingto du .Ihnulmy halt w ben I SO intu the :trulY? 7 Part 01 the scbool huildln~ \":1:0, c.1t..... uuy~ 111the earthquake. 8 Some (norball fans h:I\',"; p.lillred slog.lI\'~ nll over
dtink."i ur anyone else. Tbe _._ profes...<'()( ah\J)' forgo:where he had )l\1I hi'" h.lI. She's ~I very __ per~n .md never ";1\ I.":'! uf) when !'lIlt; h'I' m.rdc up her uuud In do ~on\ethlnH' Our next-door neigh hour C.';IO be irrit;ltln": bur her inlenllCHl." .It'e good. She', __ . John L' J __ t~pc:dnd .II\\;I}' ooe- ,,1..,,11 In inh:I'\'jC'\\ ... ; I alway .. feel (\'all, ncrvoue. ~1)'Il.II\.'l1lfO.1fC "cry __ they even work .11 \\"cckclld~. John I" ". __ : hc'''; :II\\J)" bcasung .lllt)\1( hi' achie\ c'Tk'nI, I CJn'-I)" .In)1~ in front C)( 1Dr gr..oontcnlM.'1'.
~hc'!\onor c.I'lly NlC)I(i:t.od. :..he'~open 10 new ide;lS
and \'c,) __ 9 ~Ir ~i~cr''1 tin
.
__
pct'\4)n She: g~ls on well wirh

c.:.:ntul)-
rhe \\-,111", 9 ~I)' 1)1,,'''''' :.oil got absc>lu1t.") ,(XlkinJl: \vel 10 the
people and makes (rl~f1<l~ t.-:'I';lly,
.... unn
10 Tbe sok."" or mv
tr.IiJ'k:f'
10 ~Ir UJll~C h.,~ SOl~k In the nineteenth hls Kic:L' Jre so __ ~
hJ.\'1'J.."Ol hol~ in them.
2 You have JUStbought this house. What do you have to

have done to it? Wote six sentences USing Ihe causa live Ioern. You can use some 01 these verbs
irn,l ..-lU pollah I);linl
,e",,[r
build
flx
,nend rep.lIce
rewire
change put UI)
11I00(/lu tuu the t/U(}('f/XIJ'IIU.'t/.
88
Unit
10
Speaking
1 Work with a partner.Youare going to read each other'spalms.Firstfind the linesshown in the picture on your palms.Student A, read the information on page t96 and Student B, read the information on page 198. Usethe infOt'mationto read each others palms.
)'o",./t('(ld ttne ts s.J'YJllg, Il'l1ic" ,,,,"(tfl.,'.r0uI'e
(I 'Ju(ek
Vocabulary
polite kind gentle respectable respectful
1 Malch Ihe words above'''th their definitions.

- not rough or violent - hilvlng good nl:lnncrs - behaving in a \":IY which shows you admire someone or accepc their position in society
- C:ll'h'g 1'01' and helping others - having qualities rhar society admires
ttunto:
2 Complele these sentences using one of lhe words above.

I Be __ when )'OU give the baby :1 bath. 2 It \\':L"; very __ of you to can')! In)' bag (01' !lIC. 3 The CR1\vd stood :u :1 __ dtsmnce ;L., the president walked P:b'1. 4 \\"Ih)' don't Y01.1 gel :1 __ job like your 1~lthcl'? 5 It wasn't very __ to gf) without s:I}'ing thank you.
3 Work with a partner,Who is the politest personyou

know? Tellyour partner.Now tell your partner who lhe: - kindest person - gentlest person - most respectableperson you know is, and why.
Phrasal verbs (time)

put back hold on take up put off carryon hang around get on hold up
4 Complete lhesesentencesusing the correct form of one of the phrasalverbsabove. Usetwo of {he verbs (or the samesentence.
ins, we'll have to __ the: neuch till next week. 2 Can you jU.St __ a minuter I warn to finish this If i[ exercise.
"'I
3 St-wry l'm lnte. I \\0":1$ __ by traffic. 1 Ahbough the teacher told them to be qui(...1 lh(.. ),
__
00\",
tatklug,
:1:;
5 HI;!":;noc
young
!I."
he used to he; he's __
a bit
6 Instead of going horne, thl.! fans __ outside the stadium causing trouble. 7 can I just havea qui<:k word with YO"I? It shouldn't __ too much lin te.
89
* Whac's in a face?
Useof English
1 Forquestions 1-14, read the text opposite. Usethe word given in capilals at the end of each line to fOtma WOC'd that fits in the space
The grearest writer of all time

Graphology L.,the !'.Illdy and (1) __ ofhand\vriling ns a way or lelling ycX' ubour the writer's (2) __ . In order (0
AN,\I.YSF. PERSON
carry
OUl :1
(3) __
study
OJ'SOlllCOI'iC'S
character,
SI:CCr-:SS
WRITE
~raphoJ()gi.~.~ eeed
:1 fall-page spectmen of somconc's handwrinng. Thix has 10 be ( ) __ spomaneously under normal condioons.
in the same line.
OnL' of the most widely analysed (5) __ ts that of the greatest English writer of:.111 rime. \VlIlI.,n,Shakespeare. ,rhe only c:..umples we have of Shakespeare's (6) __ ro write arc slx examples or hi~ ~ign:lll,.ll~. (7) __ . experts
do nOt ugrce on whether I~ wrote rhem nt all, Ifhedid, he could (8) __ have been rhc wrucr who 'never broiled a line'. The signatures are nearly (9) __ and 11can be
SICK
ABtE
FORTl.J~A TF.
HARD
tF.GlBt!>
Mo"\.'11 Ihat the name is spetr In several (10) __ 'v:lys and wrmen ill several dif'fercol styles, The three 1l1(1. (I J) __ !'iign:lturcsare those 00 Shakespeare's will. Their shaky k.1l("""J'S nla)' be :.I symptom of the wrhcr's deathbed (12) __ ' However .sol))e expert graphologj ... asclnlm rhnt these signatures \VC1'C no( wriucn by Shakespeare tu all. bill by his (13) __ . One gl'aphulogt'4. Dumtng-tawrence, d!!irn,~with (I.f) __ th!!t (he grcncsr writer (.)f :111 rime could 1)0[ SO much as
1l1:l0:lg v to scrawl hL.,own runnel
DiFFl>l1 CO>ITROVEltSy
tAW
CElnAIN
Writing
Exam practice: Letter of application
1 Readthis question.
You have seen rhts advertisement in all International student In~lg;lzjllt: H'Idwould like (0 apply for a job. \~'rilc:1 letter of application explatrung wlw you would like to work as a group
leader and why you think you
English
language
Summer
Camp
Group leaders wanted

Come and have a great summer
holiday at our international camp

for children. We need twenty group leaders to be responsible for children aged 7-11 years old. Dates: 2-21 July Place: Llanidloes, Wales
would 00 suitable for the job (physic, I qualitles, 1)el'Son:11i1Y. experience). \'('rite between l20 and 180 words.
Duties include:
being responsible for a group of ten young children.
taking part in various activities,

including: country walks, archery, basketball, canoeing. speaking English at ali times.
The successfulapplicants will: be between 15 and 17 years old. speak English fluently. be interested in sports, be easygoing and self-confident. Applications and funher information to J M Turner, 53 llangollen way, Llanidloes, Gwent GT23 BDL
90
Unit
10
2 Read this model letter and the notes pointing out its good realvres.
formal 6-tylc _
(wncr you do!'(t:

~now Cht I19me)
Dear Sir or Madam,

I would like to apply to become a group leader at the English Language) Summer Camp which I read about in the International Echo.
"~ill)on fer ovri~g
pen~or31
infolTt1Dtoion
I aOl16 years old and live in Pamplone, which is a large town in
northern Spain. I already speak reasonable English; I have lhe Carnbrldge First Certificate and have just started a course leading
to the Cambridge Proficiency.
Il'1terest6 ( Irun very interested in sports and 1am a member of the school
basketball team. J also play table tennis quite regularly and would like to learn other sports, such \IS archery.
epecific "xilmp!.e5 --At school. I was elected treasurer of the class committee and I helped to organize the class trip to Italy last year.
t}uit8~ijity (
&00ws tn~hu'i7a(;m (
1have not had any serious beatth problems. I am physically very fit and feel J would have no difficulty taking part in the activities of the camp, I think J would enjoy working tit the Ci11np as 1am very fond of children and have always wan led to visit an English-speaking country,
J look forward to hearing from you. ----Yours failh[Wly,
polite
JOH Garc(a
'_
(when )'011
oor'e know
the :1:'1mr-)
3 Here is a letter written by a

student. What changes would you make? Rewrite the letter, using the notes on the model letter to help you. Oea r Madam. Turn.r,
I h8vt1rt!1d your ad irl the paper on Wedn~eJtJyanell ~
~
I\'1l1ntt.o be tJ
group t",,".r ""uU 110"'" the camp(l1gan~ I love til. youna ohlldr.n. I
have .$ 6mall il~t(:r, She 16t:ef1 ye.;_1r old and I love her very much (but it; i& Torueecmestmee we fight.) A6 you ",n see my Engli&h 1&vety fluent. and very exccJlt1t.. Except from all theee lam the b~&'t;.t5wlmltle-r In my CIS9-!;) allo I am alec le8rnll1~ r.o plCiYplano, I ~Ieive eve~~ ohol.lld to leam to play an C~Q". AI60. I t.hirtk I can get on wen with evCJyOne. I am too pOptJlsrand 111m il) our paeket981ltt::am.I em nearly 16 now. My hQPl1Je6 are "aeket.~al! and 6wlmmfn~. I am I1C)t; very keen for r~ln9 -I re6ldooty my It65Ot'16.
fly the way, Iam 16 Y"'" old.
6es" wi6he6. P&ea6c

4 Now it's your turn, Write your
write Goon,
You,.. f.ltJlfult.-,
W'n letter of application, using between t 20 and 180 words.
John
91
11
Meat: to eat or not to eat?

Prepositions
Reading and Vocabulary

1 Answer these questions.
\'VI1.:11 is j\1ad CO\"
New link found between humans and Mad Cow Disease

11\101d Cow Disease is a deadly illne-ssof the ..0 the.oppormnity ore drop in prices to enjoy brain and it is the non-teohuicel tcnu for nSf; beef in a \\'u)' they coolll nOIin the past Fast or BovineSponglfcrmEncephalitis.111i5 is foodstoresall over Europehave begun10 so dlfflcult to :.n)'that journalists and even I1Hl.rket a new (<lncltheyclulm even (oslier)
s somedOCtors prefer the more vivid MOld CO\\, Disease. It Is believed 10 be caused when ~; cows eat food made from the bones and orgnns of diseased animals, paniculurly sheep. Cows arc b-.stcolly vegetarian und the versionof their popular burger. the
Oise-ase?
2 \Vhat c:lUSCS it? 3 \Vh~11 arc the ~)'l)lpl()lns! .I{ Is it Inm! in hurnnnsf
'vegibcrger", which does 00f contain meat. Scicnli~l!' working in Britain have now
published evidence in the science journal t+l(lll'~ thut could show ~'100COY,'Disease
2 Read the lexl quickly and check your answers.
10 policy of ronnel'S in Britain of feeding them nand CJD nrc c10sely connected. They :jay cheap, meet-based diet seems lO be 50 brain proteins linked ,,'ilh both diSc3SC5show responsible for Mad CO\\' Disease. vcr)' ciose l:'inlilurilie~.This cOllkl ex-plain \Vhen (he disease appeared in the 1990s. it why people de ... clop CJO after eating rneiu caused a huge controversy, but it h:Kllin;t from CO"'~ infected with 8SE. The research IS been discovered in Ctl\VSin the: late 19805. could nJso explain \\ hy people never gOICJD
1\1un)'people began to be ofmid 10 eat beef because it \V!lS mn known \\'helher the disease could be caught by humans who ate SS fronl eating sheep. which also ~ufrcr from u kind of 'mad sheep disease'. \Vc do not ~hnre UII:. protein 'pnon' with sheep, btll it is
meat front infected <."OWS. The disease in its
solllClhing people ami <:O\\'S have in commo,
20human form is known a~Creutzfeldt Jakob \Vhal happen~ e)'ac:dywhen human being~ Disense Of CJO.ltnd il became familinr to lhe 60 get the disease? The key seems 10 be the generat-publlc. not onl)' in Britain but oleo in prolein prion. Normal pricns arc important if Europe. wben several people were though I 10 Ihe brain is 10 (unction normally. \Vhen have died from the disease aflcr eatiug beef things go 'vmns with pnon. however; the 25infected \vith 8SE. In 1996. several brain becomes sponge-like, which is also European governments banned the irnpcn of 6; what happens in cows WilO suffer Irom Mad
beef products &0111 Britain. Thls action CO\\' Disease. Scientist Pmre.~ sor Krakeuer caused outrage in Britain in the popular I>n!SS and his colleagues ha..-e been exploring end amongst government ministers. who gentlie shnil:tri(ie.s between humans and
j()
continued 10claim the 1int between Mnd
Cow Disease and CJD had 1'101 been SCil!nlif4

icetly proven.
The British govcmmcnt now admits that people might get Crcutzfcldr Jakob fror,. 35 eabot! beef. crter scientists found symptoms of CJO. which is always fatal, in ten victims. Since lhen. the sales of beef lu\\'e dropped dramatic;}lIy. <:xcepIIlIDC)flggt the I)()orcr
Illrenlhe:n; o(lhc community. \vho have t!l.ken
cows. '\Vc needed to find e sirnilarhy \\'0 share with conic dXlI\\'C don't share with sheep: said Krakaucr, '::mdthllt'S\\Thlll"'Chave found.' TIley comp .. U'Cd cow prion genes nod human prton genes [0 those found in other nninlals. such as sheep and rnonke)'~. Tbey (Qund two 75 slriking siinilllrilics in cows, hunHuls,
10
chimplln:t:ces:Ind gorillas, Scienliscs belie\'e these lindings 'h;'lVCto be lakell seriously as they are the first Ibililink hWllnn.o; \vith cattlc'.
92
Unit
11

In Part 2 of the reading exam, you have to answer four~ptlon multiple choice questions about a teXl. Thl, type of exam question tests your ability: - to understand the general meaning of the text. - to understand details of the text. - to Infer meaning from context. (What docs the writer mean by it ca~ ourrageln line 281) - to understand refererxes in the text. (Who or what does rhey refe< to in line 491) Read the questions first and decide whether they are asking for detailt'd or general information. Unde(line key words. Read the text quickly to understand the general me.nlng. Underline key words that are connected to the questions. Read the text more carefully, looking at the questions at the same time.
\\'lut
do \\ C~n()" about mad sheep dl"t.~~

l.' dJns."CrotL~ to
A It
o It coold he (.,,1.
I) It (''';lnnOI (';lU-;C
humans.
C It ,:-. .. hull;1I to t.1;,d COl"~1)1se' .... e
CJI).
6 Prien is protein found in
A ..11\.'\:1)und CU\\'~. n people and shcep. C cow and people, D .1 number of' .Jnhn:lb.
...\~, ~
tI~P'l"'J.!'C 3U~~ aboul e)tAr Ur'kk'1'tI.II'Khnj( of ~1:Jd (;0\\' Oi-.c:-.J.... 'O? i\ we knO\\' link :lbou( the real causes. n Tbere I, no danger in t!3tin~ UlI.!Jl,
C tuderrof;I\.-;'
h:IS 1')(..-':0n'tu.)t: h)1 M:k:nli ..,..,
D \Vt' know (hinAs '\ve did nOI know hefoC"t.',
4 Find words In the rexlthat mean: - a problem which people discuss a 1'0'.ntd dl~~r...:c .Ih"", <p.IrJjlr:lph 2) _ to SoIl' <on,..h"", IS true a~hough"''''''' flU)' no< ht.tk''\'c rOll or \'00 have no 1.. ... Kkl'K',for \\101 )'UU!Or (p.ar.I)C,l.lf,h 2) - dea dl) <p't:lI\"'ph 3)
JIOl1C do" n (parngmph 3) _ rC:IM)ll." tur thinking SOllll:lhing is true (par.lll",ph 1) (:)1'
Begin to choose your answers. If you get stuck,

eliminate those options for whkh there is no evidence in the text. look for synonyms for \vords in the text in the
qu~lions. Don't leave any questions unanswered. If you run out of time. guess! Check your answers at the end.
3 For quesllons 1-7, choose lhe correcl answer A, S, Cor D.
We U~ the expression A it l, more accurate 8 11,.. t,";l"tt.."t to So,}"
not IIUc
- connected (paragraph 4) - to woek. opcrurc (pnragraph 5) - people who "ork togeeher (par.lgr.lph ~)
xtad
Co\v 01~.1'IC tx."C'.lUSC
C at link. .. cow'S ,vim people. o It ~nds Ins scientific.
Speaking
1
DISCUSS
.2 Cow... U'C intectcd wnh the Ui-.c.l"'Cht.'C."IUM:

(\ th~y need a vegetarian diet. n the), nre fore... d to eat dead ~h\.'Cr>. C they C:U meat fronl uucocd CO\V.", ') clh:Y are fed pans of diseased nnlnml ..
j A." ,I rt,-.ult of "'I~ld Cow 1)1:-.t!:.1~ A people" have "i(0Pfx.d caung I1U.';&1. B ~ ftlC".lt tLI.> become Oo.I>cru>i\\.' C poor ~ arc eaung more I'k"t.,t",
lI>ese qUeslions
when \V;I" (he lasl ume you ale rlX.":lt? ttow of'cn do )'0\1 '::11 1l1c:al? Arc you Inl1uenccd by negauve news
I'Cptllt:.
:,hout
Ine:a(~
2 Work In pairs One studenl is lex ealing meat and the
other againsl. Make a list of polots 10 suppott your argumenl and then try and p.~ your partner that you ere ughl. Talk aboul the topics below
he111h
' .. SIC
\':tri(!ty
I)
1
;J.
M""
kind of beefburger ha.Il; been In'\,\,''I1I(."<I.
:ntirudc tu 2nlm21~
~entists believe CJI)

A I!I~11l~1by eating ~f. Il Illay he euu-cd hy l.."::lling 'Ihcel'... 111...:"11. C ~ caused by lack of protcfus.
I) rn.'y he caused by enlng beef,
93
* Meat: to eat or not to eat?

Use of English
Part 2 of the Use of English exam is a text with fifteen spaces which you
have to complete with an
To save what birds we have left

When you join the International Bird SOCiety, your membership (I) __ make a positive difference to birds everywhere - even if the only ones you see are the blue tits, robins and (2) __ familiar friends that appear in your garden. For while the Society works tirelessly (3) __
wildlife and the environment (4) __
appropriate word. This part of the exam focuses on grammar and vocabulary. Read the whole text quickly to understand the general meaning. Read the text again. this time looking at the spacesand the words just before and after them. Decide what kind of word is missing (preposition, article, pronoun, verb etc). Checkyour answersby reading the completed text. Does it make
birds,
home. some of our most
urgent work is done abroad - saving birds under threat (5) __ extinction. Only one in five survives The wild bird trade is a cause of pressing concern. For every wild bird saved, up to four birds (6) __ died. It's dear that this kind of slaughter can't go (7) __ forever. Birds like the moluccan, the palm cockatoo and the hyacinth macaw are just a (B)__ of the species now so low in numbers that. (9) __ trapping continues, they may soon become extinct. Who has the right to wipe out a species? The European Community ls (10) __ world's biggest of wild birds. This is both unnecessary and hypocritical: trade in wild European birds has (11) __ banned for years. Moreover, it is the rich, importing countries who most from the trade. importer the many profit
sense?
Check the spelling of your
answers.
1 Forquestions1-15, read text opposite and and think of the word which best filS eachspace. Use only one word In each space.
me
2 What kindsof words are mIssingfrom

the text? Put the words under the following headingsand add extra headingsif necessary. - auxiliaryverbs
To fight (12) __ shameful exploitation, the International Bird Society has asked for a ban on the import of wild, caught birds (B) __ the European Community. With your membership and support. we believe we (14) __ do it. Join us and there'll (IS) __ more birds to see ... everywhere.
- prepositions
-articles What is the purposeof this advert? How does it try to persuadethe reader? Are you convincedby the arguments?
International
Bird Society.
S6 Willingham Road, london NW8 52G
94
Unit
11
Grammar
Prepositions
Many verbs, nouns and adjectives usually go. with partlcutar prepositions. He insisted on making his pOillt ill rhe fl"tf!eting. I'm sorry for shouling at you 'asl night The search IOf Ihe t"'<sing gold conrinued for rhirty years.
Some prepositions are made up of two or three words. , have a small garden in front of my house. There~ no food in the fridge, apan from a bil of cheese. connection
d",lr.
attack
link
1 PUllhe verbs in the box mto groups. <Kcording 10 which preposition they are followed by. Some verbs can be followed by more than one preposition.
apologize ";ICCU~ charge klok forward I:.lk believe run laugh insist think lislen succeed \VOIT}' agree arrlve send tell remind refer warn care hope rely depend belong nleet 'C'.\rn fiJi cover share cr..lvt:1
3 Put the noons in the box lnto groups, according 10 which preposition they ate follow"d by. Some nouns can go with more than one preposition.
quarrel need ban connection answer effect respect commem exception Cure introduction search demand relationship repjy loyalty desire danlage reSpOnsibility attack synlp;uhy link
--for
C(II1]
4 Complete these jokes using an appropriate preposition

arnoo in each space.
\,(/hy do people in Britain cat fish (1) __ I)ec;lus~ i, will go off (2) __ Monday. Fl'iday?
2 Match the adjectives on the left with the prepositions

they go with. Some adjectives can go with more than one preposition.
angry
501'11'
tired capable prepared

diffcrcm
of
2 Two friends took their snndwiches (3) __ a pub and sat down (4) __ a table (0 eat them. 'n"t: barman came up (5) __ where rhey were Silting and said, 'I'm S()fT)', but you're not atlowed [0 cal your own food (6) __ the pub: '1"\0 problem.' said one of the men (1) __ 'he barman. 'I'll just swap my sandwiches (8) __ my friend's.' 3 \'Vailer: How did YOt! find your steak, sir? Customer. E:1,)')'- it was (9) __ the potato. 4 The l:x~ way 10 improve a vegetable dinner ts (10) __ a hig, juicy steak.
; The OPCI'a singer Madame Schumann-l-lcink was silling (1 t) __ :l restaurant table (12) __ an enormous steak (13) __ her, Caruso, the famous
to about
in
shullar
accustomed
afraid bored mreresreo scared
wrong commuted
infected worried proud excited
with
tenor, passed (t.1) __ in amazement.
and looked (15) __
her
'Surely, ~'I;tdame Schumann-Helnk, you're not going (0 ear that steak alone?' 'Ceruunly nor,' she replied, '(16) __ poeuoes.'
6 Cusrorner: \Vaiter, waiter, what's this fir doing

(17) __ my soup? \V'airer: Swimming, sir.
95
* Mear: to ear or not to eat?

Vocabulary
Food and farming
1 Match the WO<ds In ~$t A WIth their definitions on Itst B
\
3 AO$\ver these questoons about the text.

\\-hy
dcx.",
pmdU( I~
Qk";;U cruse
.;(;U'\"'3hOf\?
! Ilu,,,- C;-.1nclll' ,\....<1\." h~-I,) Co 'Iouh ~

th c prohl\"uf3 1-10"+ ~\-'dJ the "1t.':11 Indu..... r) rc;all if more [X'OplC! ~ltJP Cillinit nlt:,II?
II
dlC kjJling 0( nl~ln).lninul....often (nll'H)
h.. ln.t:,..,
I.:ctc.11
'1-a\If,(Ju\.'r
'i1.1I'\'.UItHl
anilnal:-.kept on a ram) rood like WhC.""31 and corn

10 care for animals in order In \1'(' Ihc:1U
rOt' food
.Idlu!'il
"IhalllC.:ful
liv"' ..t(x,I<
rt":.1r
Il"rrihlc If) change
4 Work With a partner. Discuss your reactions to the edvernsement. Do

you (ind its arguments (or not eaung meat persuasive?
puuill)
j.:t;llhl'dn~crops on :1 fann chicken and other f:lnnbird... d)-ing because of lack of food
2 Fondthe welds from list A in the advertlsment below Underline them and ch<!Ckthe mean ...gs accord ng to the context.
5 Match words from liStA 'Mth words from B to make comPOUnd nouns. You can use some of the words mo<e than once.
.S!
LIVESTOCK FARMING ISN'T JUST KILLING ANIMALS.

NICOl j.., nol cheap. Aparl Irom costiug the lives of countless million or animals each yell", ii, 1)I'odu(;liol1 is also causing starvation for nlillion~ I)cOllle all over the world. Ilow cnn the producnon of food result in people going hungry?
pork
Il h.:o.1
"'re
chicken
(k~
<t.;IUl";-
ro:l,r boned
ChL't-'SC
(,:hop roll burjotC!r
:OO:UI!I:lgc
h,.
"oup
pie cJtJ.t ..leak
,";_II~hvi(h
!l1e:.!1
hall}
rnlncc-
or
Because over hnlCthe world's cereal harvest is fed
It)
livestoc],
hcln~ reared for staughter, and nOI to men. women and children And II takes a full 3 lbs of lhat I\min In produce jU\l I Ib of poullry.Or 10 I'" of grain to
yield a mere 1 Ib of intensive-I}
apple tomato fried bml>
reared beef,
It\~ a ~hamcful waste of
resou Il:C,. QIIC that you can help 10

correct by rejecting meat from
your diet.
Becnuse the IHOI''; people who ~() vegcruriun. the more me
agriculrural mdusiry will be forced to .dju,t i" methods of operauon und reduce its production .... demand for meat
goc!l down,
96
Unit
11
6 Pult~
WOfds rn Ihe box under the following headings:
Speaking
1 Wo<k W'lh a PiJrtner and do the task below.
'1'011 :1I'Id
-meal - vegetables - f,ulI

cabh:l~U. \''''';11 pca bean cherry
Un,,-.(:I .. t-l>roUI plum lamb 1:lIlRCrlnc: mushroom raisin beef \\'.ltCl'Jllcloll ercak ham IlteJon onion carrol caullflower peach
n\lIltult pepper :lpriC;(l1 rti.lt J.lrapc
yoor partner \\ ~ll){ 1(>HCI in\'ol\'I!U "'hh an
en\ irol1l1""nl;,1 ,Ltl'o\lp but you <.':.111onl) ,IITU"..! .l tuuncd ;lIuounl of lilt" and 1110n\.1', Talk .Iholll Ihe,;dlrrl.'l"col
pumpkin eourgeue pork
grl')u~ ..110\\'0 in (he pictures belo and (.h."t.'Klc lOj..'C..11k:r \\hu.h ooc you \\ill both join ,,1ioJr.. .1)lOUl
Ihl."l' ..... ""'tt;,
7 Choose thr.. of your favou"le food uems (rom_h

group When do you eat them - at breakfast. lunch (midday meal) or dinner (evenrng meal)? Compare your
- bow tlI'Jtt:nt .he probiCUll'>
hen\ - hen,
ImpUl10lnt It
i~ (or ~'OUr I,:o\.lntl) rut II., \\()rId 'lIpporc ,\Otlkll'l\:
answers with a partner
~cnl'r.III~
l.tI,,C1IVt;:' )'OU1'
Listening
1 Gl You WIll hear people t.llong rn flYE! different 5ItuatlOnS. for questIOnS 1-5. choose the best ansVier A. B or C
1.... I\.1)(U th .. .. \"\'OCll:1I11~llking :11 \\'-I1i.. \\'h.1I doe-, "''''-' Il-.It'h? A ket" AI (1.1i5..'i\:~ U ;uhlC'lic~
C ('()okt"I)'
Clean up our rivers
11'i
in 1 ..... ..11'\'\.1 \\ h;n cJoc ..
10 do?'
1 Yuu ltca r thi .. ('(If\\~;lIion !Ix: fl\'lIl \\ am tbe woman
It ,:u m
\ ,.n .,poI">GI1 proh.. ~ lllatdl

party
..I
e
u'.lay ,
(. "nh';1 Il"ltel' 10rhe f'k:"'papcr ...
\ U"h:n IH Ihc ..e two pcoplt," 1:111..111~ \\ here .11\:Ihcy~ ,\ In u f~'.llIl~IIH Ii In .. 1.11'01food f(.'S1:1\lr:lnl C iI'I:I luncher's
~I..:if",",,~-J
see a tigcl' ""''4'''O(l''',", ... I'''ocI~'''I'''fO'I)~'''~''''' 1"It""_~'~'.U~IoOloII""Ct.II ....,_, , ".If'O"'''''' , J.
Li..Il:11 Ii., lhi~ nun talking. on the phOIl ... \X'hy .... he
pholllnw
A In 'JI'Kt.-i J nlc:rttn$t n In ,lrr,lng..' :a meeting
2 Discuss these queshons.

\\h:1I
J~
Ih~'hiJij.'\...."\I c..~ic:l13nd
.11Ihe: IIKMUL-nl?
~JIlul prUhk."I1l"in
C to confiml ;)Inectitl~
:; uvcn to tltl...coavcrxuion. \\ h.u .In' th\."~'dOlO'
ruur ~'tKlnln
A In.I'"ns;:~IChinese nlC':1I
<:
n pr..:'p:II'fn~ fer ~IdUID(;r p~lrt} lu;tkins.tll:a
cl..:'--",-,--,
00 }'a\1 Ihlnk Stoup' like the coc-, :lhu\ e In: ll"4..1uPIf nnt, "h) nClC! AI'\.')OU., .ncl1ll:t.:rof a pn:~t\.' gruup? \\"'h.1t OCICOC the group (1,,'1 \\;-'h.1I do )'OU d(_')~
97
* Meat: to eat or not to eat?

Vocabulary
Phrasal verbs (food)
give up put on go off cut up run out cutdown
Writing

A good article has the following featu,es.. It has an interesting title. The first line attracts the reader's attention. It is written in a style that Is appropriate to the reader. It tries to persuade or entertain the reader, It is organized into paragraphs, It uses appropriate linking words, It has a range of grammar and vocabulary. It ends with a good concluslon thlJl summarizes the main points,
1 Complete these senteoces USIngthe correct form of one of the phrasal verbsabove.
\Vc \ C
111UI\:. __
of cheese. I'll bov c IU gu anc.lt-:t.(MUlIl'
2 t'vc _
.,
I
'5
()
two kilo,.....ince I stopped pta)'hlj:t l"'l~kl'lh:lll, 'I hi .. 1)\.'\. ..... mell .. ;J\\ Iul: il 111\I..t have __ ! Aftl:!" 11",-, 'fa ..1O.,\V 1)1SC::15e scare. :1 lot 01 people __ canng Ine:1.Icomplerely. Ixron: rou PUI Ihe pork in the pan 11..hOtllcJ be __ inlH hule.- Ilk."C\."'. I\"\.,nOI 'IUpped eating meat oompb:ll-iy. btll l ve
__
"
1 ReadthIS quesuon.
"n Inh:m;uiuoal ..1u<k..-nI 1l't1g:t11nt.: .' 1I\\,-...ti~11I1J:! Ilk'
(IUt. ..

price worth cost value
non-
1\1C--.1l: 10 caeor tl..,c 1('''-:-,.;0. (IlHlI
2 Complete these sentences using the COrrect form of

one of the words above.
()ur kX:;l1 IU"",,'UI11 h:1S :1__ COIk."CIK)I'I of (,)<lincill,4.S. 1 I huu$.t.ht Ihi>;jack c" in the :o.alt:Sfor ~I vcr)' h"()(l(1 ~ 1111'__ 0( n.oI1tlildmg the City ~ ill be COOI'11101l'. .. \\-ilI1he __ nr 01)' prol>cn-}, ~"<) 00\\ n ir Iht') Inuit! .1r.lllnr), n~rh)" ;; n'l' __ o( hUlL'C'has gooe up sharplv in (he L", f....,,\ ) l,t", 6 f (houJ(ht tlu: nnt:: ,\\a_.. nl2dc of ~, hut II IUtnl"tl ou, 10 he __ - IILl\c h"""hl fiflYpound; __ of drink Ior II... (l.lff) Do}ou dunk IItll \\ill be t:'ncH'Wl) H TIlt, car \\":1$3 n::.1 O;lrgaln: it only __ me 3
not to t:J_t! the h:XL":In Ih ... le-.."." 1(1 wrtte )'Ullt ;u1K-"1c for the ffijgllU1C. \Vnll' between 120 and IHU words.
Now read the model answer opposite and choosefrom lhe follOWingsentencesthe one which besl fits each gap.
A .~o there j .. IlO e:h.) answer 10II~ (IIk... lion. 11,A(h.rMad Cow Disease. who hu... noc Il<'l'" h:I1IPLl'd
10.. IUp c, rting Ull'al?
C On Ihe oeber lund. Ihc'l:

n)l~,JI.
:IJ"('
af):unl\-nl.. few l";'ltln~

"
D "INly, thL"re is J. kJl uf C'\idL-nc..,- nO'\\ Ih.1I 1I...';tI Iud for )''Ou.
Ihuu .. 'lnd pounds.
98
12
The power and magic of dreams,

Reported speech and reported questions
I~
3()
There is something about dreams that leads people to believe there must be some meaning behind them. Oreamshave aroused our curiosity sinceancient times.
Four thousand yea" before Freud was born, Egyptian
If any book in the twentieth century (an be said to have brought about a revolution in the way we think. it is
The Interpretation of Dreams by Sigmund Freud. Freud
priests claimed to be able to interpret dreams and they 35 believed that dreamscould foretell the future. Aristotle. in the fourth century Be, regarded dreams asan earty warning systemabout the state of our health.
himself said. 'tt contains the most valuable of all the

s discoveriesI have had the good fortune to make.' The
book was published for the first time in 1900 and nearly one hundred years later it has become a classk. It changed the way we think about sleep and dreams forever. But how did it all start?
What causesdreamsand what do they mean? A touch or a sound may become part of a dream if it occurs -40during dream periods. Over the centuries, people have
believed dreams are brought on by the weather, the stars, the Devil, indigestion, a knocking at the door,
On the night of 24 July 1895, Sigmund Freud had an
unusually long and vivid dream. He dreamt that he was
very strict parents and even pickles. Oreamsmay expressimportant wishes and fears of the dreamer. !is However, dreamsare so personal that deep do.. vn many of us may be quite pleasedthat they cannot be fully explained.
giving a party in a large room. One of the guests was a

female patient of his. who told him (in the dream) that shewas seriously ill. Freud believed her, but felt she was
I;
I'
The scientific study of dreamsonly really began in 1952, when a researcherat the University of Chicago 50 attached electrodes to his son's body and discovered the existence of REM.This is the period during sleep when there is rapid eye movement. This is also referred to as o-steep (or dream sleep). It has sincebeen discoveredthat we all dream. even if we do not 'i~remember our dreams.
not as seriouslyillas she thought. There was nothing
unusual about the dream - the events and the people in it were quite ordinary. When he woke up, Freud wrote down the dream in as much detail as he (auld remember. He studied all of the details carefully and zo realized that they were not random - they meant
something. Gradually, he discovered what he believed
each of the symbolsin his dream realty meant.
r
Nowadays. if Freud were to attend a scientific conference on dreams.he would be able 10choose
2; from a hundred or so different theOties about the
We have our most vivid dreamsduring REM,whi(h starts about 90 minutes after we have fallen asleep.As
we go deeper into sleep,
we dream
more often and for
significance of dreams. Dreamsare also a subject studied in universities around the world. On the Internet. hundreds of people share their dreamswith other interested parties.
longer periods. Typically,a person hasfour or five 60 periods of D~leep during the night. Dreamsoccur roughly every 90 minutes and altogether make up
about 25% of the night'S sleep.
700
Unit
12

1 Wor!: with a panne< What do you believe about
5 Complete thesequestionsusing one of lhe words from exerose 4 in eachspace.

1 1)0)'OU ha\\: __ c.lrt3nb In lH1sthl, clear (VkruN
dreams?Agree or dISagree WIth thesestatements.

I Dream.. ,Ife
(.IU"'l't.1 h)'
the fuod you ear

(UtUI1.
l Anio... .,I" do
.\ Dream ...can
nUl
dream.
2 1)0 you helk"\C' \\c can __ our dn..o:uns> , Do )'Ull feel ~ny__ to know "hat your dreams n.:"II) Il,,:an?
1
1)(.
1",,-'f.1k1Ihc
rou rail a""t,Or __
or I,nnl<.:dialcly?
I OfC':.lnl."C'(prt.".. nUT ,,'(1\."1 (k.. ln:~
S Dreams appt--:lr only in hLlt~Jnd "hih; " Dreams can Icll )''Oll i( )'uu'rc ~'OU1~to be ill
, \lIe drcarn
:; 1.)0you think Ilul dn. .. ems can __ h.. II'IX-n?
what is goit'l~ 10
rot
four hOUI ... (.'\ !""cy Illllhi.
6 Work with a partner. AsIc and answer the questionsabove.
2 Now read the text Which of the beliefs about dreams

abcM! are mentooned7
Grammar
Reported speech 1 In written Enghshyou make the following changes,n
tenseswI1en you report what someone said. Name the undefl ned tenses.What other changes do you nouce7
01n.:c:( speed)
'I nm seriously ill .
Exam practice: Part 1 3 Choose from the hstA-H the sentencewhIChbest summarizeseach pari (1-7) of the text. There IS one extra sentencewI11Ch you do not need to use
the I1K'.lllil11!of dn..'.nll' ~oc..::; I"Y.I( k .1 long tlme. II \Vfly it i.. important to drscu .....vour dreams ( It ~ diffk"'\lh In cJc..x:idc 00 \\ I\;II dreams rL"3J1\" mean.
\ Inlt_I't ..1 ill
Reported speech
Sht: cold hint she
\V.IS- --
.scrioo51}, ill. '1 \ C dlSCO\'erec:1 rhc 1I1~:J.nlnp.of drc:tlll ... ' 114:believed he h;uJ
) '10\\'
an
inthl<t'1ll~1 hook
\\J'
horn
.. xientific work on drL':ull_" h3.. onl) :I short h.... tury I 11.c1"e is tall "'nnnnou!\ inl"-'rc~1III drca'n,~ now "d.lYI". r; All Of'(lir~,,'Y dr~":lIncan mean quilc ., Jot. H rhere are clifh"\_'nl kind ...elf .. 1..'1).
tJi....... "()vcrcd the meaning

o{ drc:lll\.'.
J\c b(.."Cn lu\"ing "(un c
4 flrld words In the text that mean

caused (phrn..... '1 verb) (part L) - hrlghf. cfe.rr (p.ltl 2) ""{l\\"r. nut l'oud(k-nly (X111 .!) ... hapes 0( uhjl'1 .. \"ruch are u-ed to repre e-c1l1
'IoOnldhin~ e:l-< (rart 2)
"'Ir.lnb~ drt.":IItl....1.lh..... )
soid he had been h.a\ulS '!Of'ne Slr.ln","\: dR.'al11.\ tuely.

lie
I
'I IllId n dream la"l night.'
n- :IIH10lUlcc<J
Ihal he
h:I<1had n dream Iht' niW" before,

,,'(Ie ~ inTetp.1 dn..'al1b
- the importan cv lh.11 :-OOI"\..1hil1)( h.I'" (p.ln 3) awakened il'ltcrc:'1in wITII.'thlnj.t (p,ut 4)
dcstre to kno\\ ~ullt(..'{hing (1),111.)
'11,..1'clauned 'be)
could interpret dreams.
She :..lld I h;I(.1lo .... Iecp
- (ll"Cick \\hal o,cJnk,.'thing mcran ...<p.;111 1) - .... ll what \\ill h.IJ>Pt."fl in d.... " hltu",,' (pan
very qukk {flJn 6'
-i)
more
Ir you attend dle (.'unfl'renl~ next \\ cek, you \,,111he,lf utan), Ih~orlc.' .Ihout dn..:am:-.:
He prull1bctl hif'n thJI
- ,Ihotu (pan -)
Ir
be attended Lhc
oonfcl'CI1t."'C the
(Oll()\virlg \yt!Ck, he "'O\lkt ~r nun)'
d",,~
ahout dn_>-.uns.
101
* The power and magic of dreams

2 Rewnte these sentences, changong the direct '!leech to ,~ted speech,
'I \\;,~ h:t\'ing :1 nightmare.'
IIC' loki u .. _
4 He~a,e some things people ~ saId Complete the teponed '!leech sentences USln9 the correct 101m01 one 01 the verbs below In each space
announce ask claim explain
him she IO\'(.'()tum
J)ronll-.c tell
'I 1.:1<.1had ~itnil;II' flightll1;lfC'"~I" a chlld.' Ilc , .... ,id he _ 'I'll takeM>nl~ ...leepingplll~ I II.' ..... ud _ 'P..,
'I le:)veyou.'
:'h'C __
Z '\\
j
:-.1-.: k,,:d Inc
Inc
the -.;lIL pll..-:lbC:
_
_
.rrl.'you ~oingr I lc __ w here I ";l'l jotOUll-l' '1 \\ ill ~CI Gr.rch:A in the exam.' ~IM: __ ... llC \\oukJ '_"CI ('r,u.1c It. in the cvatn. '\\ e 1I1t1\ C ) ou hack your I1lurk.'l ""W)('I
h4,:IC
'Don'I do tlt:l~. :">1,,, tokl hun
Thc~ __
'o(1C)f\,
m...;
would J!i\'\.' 11M: h.It;" m)
l'lOfk.1
Reported speech
When you report something someone said using a reported verb in the past. you usuallychange: the tense of the verb. adverbs of time and place (here, this morning).
pronouns (he~ this). You don't usually (hange the tense if: th~ reporting verb is in the present. the statement is still true.
the direct speech is reported irnmedl&tety.
-; 'I'nl Rl.-1tinHumrncd to :-'u,"ln!' lie __ 1)(" was getting 11J...lrrii..'(,.1 tn :\u,..an. 6 '\Vc h:1\ c unl) fuli:..ht..oU 1)L'f.:".IU.M! \VC \ ~ worked C\I..''Y evening.'
laic
Ill.'__
wurked Luc
the), had only fini..lwd C\ crr , .'\'cninJ.{, .
hC(':lu ..c
uicy had
Vocabulary
Expressions with sleep and dream
1 Complete these senteoces USIngthe correct lorm 01
sleep or dream.
I wouldn't __ or asking )'UU 10 p.I)', 1. I had :1 h.lngoVl'f after th\' l)arIY. hut I __ it off. :' I h:1(1 :1 __ night \\'orrylng :lhotU the 1;;,\:1111,
the tense of the direct speech isin che past perfect, 0' contains the modals mlgh~ would. could. should. ought to.
3 Rewrotethese sentences, chang,ng the reponed speech to dtect '!leech.

AnQode believed dreams \\ en: In early \\'":lming
')q cm
I 114.' __ up:! ridrculou... ptan tholl would never \,'ut'" ~ t m 'n-ling a hh __ . Doe-, 3nyonc nund If I have .1 cr'",k mp? 6 ~IJkil'J: lhal nlUChmoncv i.; ix,,)OI\Uln~ \\ Ildest 7 I never__
I\IW)\V
2 '11lCIlly/es,,<,()(exptalned rb,u the .... 'icnllfi( -,Iudy uf
I would C\ 1;.'1' 1':'1..... \\ hh
drc:un.r; h.. ad only begun

,~ l'reud told his colleagues
III
It)Sl
ij I can't decide now, Can 1 __
.1 ~t'~lde AI on lt .lnd let )'UU
'11tH he had had nn U'lU!'oU:ll1)'long dl'C<lIu 1111..' nl",hll'K:(o(c, I The researcher said SC'It!llCl .. h:ld already dlscovercd the existence
l(llnorro\"'~
or R,lli\t,
,'i
9 Th... , tc... .. nn yesterday \\';1'; o.;,c") hUl'lnkI (cll __

10 II
'
t've
lUSt been fOI':L drive in Illy IIC\\' car and it J.."uc,'t
~ Kc"t.":tr.:ht:'rl\-believe \\'C \\()\II!.IIc-.lm more ,llx)\11 our dreams if we \\-'JOIt! tbeeu do\\-n 6 t'rrud believed his book on <in:Jn" ronuin e d lhe 11.,..1\aluabk- 0( an thl' dl'4c~""i,, ... he:)\au Plade: \I,l (0 tOOtn\Ofllent 7 1).lUSlid th.,t a lot of bls inl.IJ.:c~\\ l:1\.' UkL'Il tJir\.''dJ)'
f!'CUll hi't U\\J\ dtc;uu,,'t,
lik~.I __ . I)no, d:IY __
m cb xe . ',nkh, ilnd
"'or )'3\vning!
102
Unit,
12
Speaking
1 Haveyou ever had a dream whICh In(lud~d any of the Ihon9sshown In Ihe pictures below?

1 fOf questions 1-10, complete the secondsentenceso that 11 has a Similar meaning 10 the hrst sentence. uSing the WOld9,ven. Do not change the WOldgiven, You must use between IWOand five words, Indudlng Ihe wordg,ven,
'Have )~.u""\.'( been 10 a ~}'~hi~url~I" J\!'Ihur n.. I,~, .. d
A--'
Sad
".C).
vtslted
An"ur .-.k\.'d~1J,f)
P')~h,.lln" 2. '\\1""1\ \\ J'\ Ihe
11"
ume rou
\Vl..llt
to lhe t.!u(.,1ur?'
"'
been
Ill,' wondered when she
lhe dotlor
.; j\X'h(.'I~ did the concert take pl:.cct
had
lie \\';11111. .. "\1 (0 -I '\\'~ e- II :. ~
know
Olt"3t?"
1'1.11.;"',
been
Ih: .1""(."(1 her ,1 ).,"(xxltncJI
135t
5 'Dld)OU ilK.... " hun

met
nigh!?' Chn.,~ asked J...uq

_ Ihl..'nighl
III,.' \v.Jnll,'tIlu know
before.
6 '1Io'\' <Iv you manngeon your sahll')'r Hclcu .rtkcd ~1:lrl:' mnnnged
2 Work in pairs,SlUdeOiA, read Ihe Info<mallonon page

198. Siudent B, read the inforrnanon on page 196 ElopIa,n lhe significance of the dreams above 10 your partne<
, rclcn I,;ould,)'t understand

'liar)"
Grammar
Reported questions
When you repon questions. you make the same
- .\\ hat dKl IOU do )"<'SIcnhr? asked the "kll,,,J), cia)' 1'", uld bdl' "-,kc"<i me \\ h:" _ before, 8 '\X'h.u~hall I do wlth th~
mother.
C:ll?' ;\nI1<1 aekedh4:I'
chonges to the verb tense, adverbs and pronouns

that you make when you report statements. In reported questions you use the same word order as in the statement. 'WfIffl'1JIl! you from?' He aJkt!d where I VIas from, When there j~no \vh- word in the direct speech questions. you use iflvlherher. 'Aff!)'Ou dflvfng ro work Thismommg?' he .sked, He askt!d tflwhelher I was driving 10 WO<k lhal Ir'lornlng
should Anna asked her mother what

(~It
9 "00
)'Otl
think
\\'C
should smoke
111hcn,'?'
they He ,l-.k",1her 10 11.",(,yotl ever been he sbe wondered

10
theR..'
me baUd?"
to the 1"11,,,
103
* The
{)OWff
and magic of dreams
Speaking and Use of English

1 Look at this picture by Salvador Oall and describe it. Use expressions from the box below.
Useful language
In the foo!gtoond ... In the biKkgroond In the top fight hand comer In chI! bottom leh hand comer . On the right ". On the left .. In the middle ... At tho top ...
Just above".
JUSI
below".
2 For quesbooS , -'0, read the text below. Use the word gwen in capitals at the end of each hne to form a won! thai fits in the space in the

Part 5 of 1M Use of English exam is a text with spaces. You have to complete the text by making an appropriate word from the word stem you are given. This port of the
samehne
Salvador OaU
SaI\"Joor Dall I 190 IL 989) \\ 35 a Spanish (I) __ :Iod :l member or [he Surreahst
1\'lo\'('lncnl.
exam focuses on vocabulary.

Prepare for the exam by learning word families and groups of words that have the same prefixes (-un. -in) or the same sutlu:es (ynen, -tic").
PAIN']'
EDL'CATE
He \\'.1'( hom In Figueras in
Cntnlonbi and completed his (2) __ :11 11)1.:School or "ine A,11S hi Mndrid, ,\(II:r 1929 he bl"('onll' a burreahsr, although oehcr
members
or
[he ~1o' cmcer (3) __
him
ACCl:SE
In the exam. read the whole

text quickly to get ~ general understanding of what It Is about. Read the text again, this time
looking at the spaces and the

words just before Md ~fter them. Decide what kind of word is missing (noun, verb, adjective, adverb etc). Complete the spaces you are sure of first. then go back through the text and complete the remaining spaces. Check your answers by reading the completed text. Does it make sense? Check the spelling of your answers.
of b.:tng coo ( I) __ Dah's JXllntin,$t' arc fumou< rorllK-lrbrilhant <OIoo""nd (5) __ drawn douil. III> p.untu>gs (rom !he 1910.-. 3nd ;10.. use dream ima~1} and (6) __ objec1~.and pre"l'"' them in :10(7) __ " ,I) One cA his UlOt';l r.1UlO\.I.). pairulngs b 11u..' P<;:I"SJ~tt:nC't: or 1\It:nlOt)", in which \\-:u('II c-s seem 10 hav... nxh.._.d in ihe sun, In 1940, D:lli (8) __ 10 the United seues, where he SC~} cd tllull 1918.t U.:;tater painting:, often have -:1 (9) __ lh e 'n1:and are more (10) __ In "lie.
OOM~'[RCE
I),\Y
MICRA1'\! I{PtIG10"!
ClASSIC
Lj
104
Unit
12

3 Whal do you know about Mattln lul/1e< Klng7
Martin Luther
King's O ream
4 ForquestIons 1-15. read thiS

text and look carefully at each lone. Someof the hnes are correct. and some have a word which should nOI be there. If a hneIScorrecr, pUI a tICk(,I). If a line hasa word whIChshould nOI be Ihere. write the word.
1 ..HIl hil\-~.I dnxuu It ~.l dl"t"am "hieh dr.."Cpl)nxxed in tht- t\n'k.~K..ln 2 dream I h:'\\.".1dream Ih:u one <by llu~ n:alm" ill In fL ...... up .1I'k.1 b\ ... 3 out the (rue: nlcaru11!' of 113(.Y\._'Cd. \X'e hold Ih(.'SCInllh.,. 10 lx' "",.'I( ~ c'kk-nt Ih.ll.11tmen nrc been created equal. l havc a dt"("J"llh~tone 5 d:l)' In Ih\: (1.-(1 hili .. or C,,()rgi;:l.th..: eons of former :-1.1\ l~'" .md lUU die 6 sons of' tornlCr ..I:"c 0\\ 1\('t:-. will be able 1:0go su down 101;Clhl,.l';u 7 the t;lbl(t of brotherhood. f have j dream that 01)(' d:.y even urc li :o.1:tt<: o( ~Ii!'o ...i'.. lppl, :t "1:llc ...\vehcrin$l with fhe he:11 ur oppn, .....IUI1. 9 will be transformed Iruo un cnsb ofthe freedom and iUSIIC4:, I ha\'t'.l
__ __ 10 dr'-'~Inl th.u Ill)' four llnlc chlldrcn will one d:,}' live in a n.nion \\lhel v II 111(")' ,,'III nen lr.ivc be luc.lj;tt.:d by 'he colour of thclr !'oklohUI hy ,hl'ir 12 character I h.I\'l' .1 dream l()t..I~ly ... wnh ,hi .. f:lilh \\'1; \"111~Ind he,: 13 .Ibll.:' tu \\'u,k los=clht:r. 10 pr.l}" together. 10 SlNAAIt: ,o,;:eth4..!r, to p,o 1-' 10 the i.1I11C~'l1hl"', 10 <iiln)) up for freedorn IUl.... l.l\ll'. kllU\\i!v: 15 lh:1I we \VIII hl (n.'\.' one <'(:1).
__
__ __
Glossary
1M! OUt= full. creed. '"glOO oppressoon = lackof freedom
former:; ex
sweltenng = WlryhoI
Listening
1 What sort of paIntings do you hkellook at the paintings on pages 145. 146 and 151. Choosethe one you like best and tell your partner why

2 elYouWIll heara COI1VflfSatl()n whIChtakes place m an art gallery between three people.Tim DavIs, hISwife Marge and their daughter J.my Answer questlOOS 1-9 by wmng the appropnate leller in the boxes. T (for Tim DavIS) M (for Marge Davts) J (for JennyDilYls)
who docs noc like the work
or nlOdcm
painter&'
I ;:;m
who woukl not like
IU )1 ve
the painting at home?
I JI 8
3 \\7ho i:, inlc'~Mccl In d't":II'fl"? 4 \'(/hn \'>:tnlSto huy a I)U'lci?
,q
IFtlJ
Iii
S \,(/1)0liI,a:.. l:tn<liC3p,: 1't;lln'inW;? 6 \'(/1>0 prefer. 1'ICIUI~'S of p""plc?

7 Who would like" rl:~l!
8 Wllo is <ttud)'in$C:.n~ 9 \~nu \\'oukl Ukl' ..on)L1hlng ro dnn)(?
1m 'f
e ::
I :if1 @ 1f!
105
* The power and magic of dreams

Vocabulary
lie lay 1 Complete thIStable w~h the correct form of each
word (lot. ie down. lie' ; not to tell the lfuth. lay = putlprepare)
Inflnltlve
(XlSt Slm Plc POll)lp.lrliclplc
Speaking
1 Work WIth a partner and do the task ~O\V
fmaginc your \\ ildc:.st dream- ('QUId (l)flk. It\le! \\ hK-it dream ....\\uuJd you Ch(M-..,e (nM1111ll' folJo\\'uW '1ell your partner about vour chokes and (".'pl.lin yt)\lr
tJUCl'
reasons.
liel
lie'
1.1)'
2 Complete these sentencesusing one of the words
..~
You __ lilt." 1.lhle \\hlle I \' -ann up the-food 1 I ve n'- ..er __ to you and I oever "ill. ~i J l".... 'tf 10__ about mr :lgc. but n~ I dun t I 11.1\ e roo c\ cr _ awake all night?
S \\'hcn
(.lInt.'
horre )e-,Ierda),.I
Gild
"'25
so
111'\."'<1 IIU.~
down on the .sol':I
wem to ~Ic.:t:p.
10me.
6 \\ ho __
the 1~lble?'rhc:y fOIltOl It) put fork... 0\1(.
., I doc", Ihlnk you totd lJI~truth - you _ H II;I\'\." rOil __ lite table }'CI?
Phrasal verbs with bring

3 Match the phrasal verbs in list A with their meanings In
h5l8.
A bnn~out hrin): .Ihout hnng Ji,lI'I!I
D
educate and
C-.U,L"C'(0
C:U'C
rot 3. chlkf
fall or ro become 1t....""iS
bnnl< up btul1t (kJ\\'n
take SOmeone ~mcthi.ng "ith ) f.)U pl'O<!utt new prodoo (';tu~ "Omes:hing(0 h.1ppen
4 Complete th~ sentencesusing the correct form of

one of the phrasalverbsabove.
J\lfn.:do
\\\1'1
born in Ital), bu. __

.1
in New York
2 0.1:'1"1\ h.rvc __ 3 the 1$,,;,nd:JI __

j
new CO, Have you henrd Ie? the govcrnmcm.
'The (.'1'1,..1"1 has bLOC" __ b)' the ('O\IIICiJ'~ Illis(:tkL'~, If you come 10the p;JrI}'. you can __ :I. friend,
DISCUSS these
quesuons.
\Xlhal :11'C )'O\lf reaI hopes for the (Utul't'? Arc the)' ''(.';.lIi~lic~ 110\\ are you going 10 II)' 10 fuifilll~ ~nlbil.()n~~ Do )"01.1 .Igree Thll we should -bve lor locl..),' 300 not "'on), :about tomotrO,,"?
106
Unit
12
Writing
Exam practice: Narrative composition
A good story has tho following f turos: an opening that captures the reader"s attention a clear sequence of events, making the story easy to lollow (fearp'r~raphin9 descriptions of people. things. feelings, places a variety of past tenses
2 Read this analYSIsof the drearn. Were you nghl? Col1'1Plete the texl using one word lor each space.
Thb \\..._, t.b.iouoJr::a njs.,huna re. TIle fire q)rtl(.'llnleS meanv Ih,u yO\I .Ir~ ( I) __ I{)\ c, hut In lhi!\
(2) __ it nl\.:U\~rou nrc ;If ntid (:$ __ t:lll(lliunl) ron :arc (L'CJin.: al lhe JllOC1 ....m, RunnirlJ.l, 3\\':1y c-o __ d~ fire h like beln". ch........ -d.too (.hi, ortcn
means
(4)
__
l....... ollk.-"lhlnJ,t you
\\',U)(
10 CM,lpe.
l'crh~lps ~uuhave (6) __ ,()lnelhlnJo: "'ronj.t and nre (f.,."CJinp C-) __ .lbou[ il. 'lot bcin~ .,ble to J11(J\C
sbow ...:1 '\!':I( (~) __ I)\.ln$t puni ... hod r'~'inl-t,uf COlll,:,>tmeans you wish 10 be free (! __ 111"Jhlell\~
and I\: .... ')un",ihilhic,. Fin:lU). (.lIlin,(: In the ground from 3 gtt-al r"'igh( u"Iu.lIl) rc:pr\.~nL'" rv-ar of (10) __ in
" mlxtcre of reported and direct speech

sequencing words
an interesting. surprising or funny ending
_j
exams or rcl:uion'ihlp.....
3 Now 111 your turn, Write a descnption of a dream

1 Read this descripuon 01 a dream. What do you think the dream means? (either real Of made up) use these qoesuonsto help you,
\\';K il :1mglumare Of \\."3... II ..
plca ... \\-hen: did the dream take pl.,ce~
.I',. dre:un'
'_" La,' rug-It.
I had ,mnues' dU the ... ;:;., drealTI. lt wus in

asleep u \'Iheu
\Xho
\\';I~ In
il.~
)'OU
colour. vcr) vivid :and \ cry fnghtcnlng.
\\ ere Ih".'}" pt.~~
know ur ~I,.. an~e'f'.'
, 'bed 1drcaun I was lying u\
\\ hal \\ ere the)' (k),ng?

\\fhal \\'ct\: ) ou doing?
sudden I) I ,t""cd 10 feel very hot. I woke u~ nnd found the ho\''-e was on fire. l ran UJN.~l1rs the lOP "nor to avuid the n:uncs. but the ,fire ~~ biP"er and bigger. It seemed to be chaSing I ~~h d I h.d ""whe'" elcc to run 10. I
"IC.
whm happcoedIn the <11"\.',111\.11 the momem ~'tJlI woke liP? I J()\\' did) ou (... '\.-1 tJurin~ .ther the drC'~1I1l) \,\/as 11 in hl:l c 1\ :111(1 whit v' or <.'(llo\I((
lried to reach the window but l cou n ground,
I C en
Id
'l
because my feet were stuck finn))' to the

Theil. jU>:l :l,\ the {hunes were nb()u~to reacb " out of the" indo\\'. IC3\tlng the me.I ne hi h I behind. I new higher.nd '& er, could M.!C the whole town spread out beneath
4 Swap your desc:riptlOOwith a partner's and analyse each other\ dreerns.
".mes
t.rted to fall I'll<ler nnd faster, Ihi 1nc, T Ilen I '" . tried to .. but I couldn't, JIl.<I.beIO"', [ the around. I wok. up. The fir<t ~,"g I did \~'a~"'lo turn dO\VJl the central hc:.ltlngl
,,,,,,.IIl
II
!."'I
did you dream 1as 1night? B: I don't know. I was asleep al the time.
at the mirror with
A:Why are you looking your eyes clo .cd?
B: I want to sec what I look like when I'm asleep.
107
*Review: Units 9-12

For questions I-IS. read the text below and decide which answer A B. C or 0 best fits each space.

For questions 16-25. complete each sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the flrst sentence. using the word given. Do not change the WOfd given. You must use between two and five words, it1duding the word given. 16
'H:1VC )'0\.1 c... -cr
i\ strange creature
A 57.>tear.old
\\,OIO:ln \v"!ISattacked
1>v (;010 (he dentist

ask... rd Peter. _
before" the yesterday hy what she cl:\itn~
&_nli. ...1
''':15 n h\I~C. bklCk cat ae she 'V~lS 1~lkil\~her 1"'0 <k>gs fora walk neur Bodrnln IV10()(.uX'al pollee have started ( I) __ into rhe lncldenr, which follows n whole series similar reports in (2) __ months that nrc causing grave (3) __ :lIl1ong:.1 restdcms,
visited 11)1.: dentist asked Pc,,>tet ____ the clcnLi~l before.
or
17 The engineer cline and fixed our

\\<:lshing Ina chine.
vtsuors
10 lhe
\'(/C~lC",C)uncry have been advised to
(-1) __
the
had
We rcpnircd. IS 'where did Theaccklenr occur?"
Il(xlinin area and parents have been (old 10 make sure their- children
do not pia)' in rhc areas where (;) __
have occurred.
111~I~UCSI sighting (6) __ place On s.,II'KkIYnl()I'nin~ when [!'Irs JO;\1\\~illi:lnt.<;, ihe wife uf;1 IC)(":-II larmer, cklhn.~ 10 have been (7) __ on the back of the head b)' :I large, blnck nnbunl. (8) __ her 10 (he ground. Mrs \'I7illi:II11S .'tays she caught a (9) __ or th~ creature. which (10) __ ;1 large: P.)l11:1. :1;'; it was running away. 'when I carne lO. I saw Ihls huge, black en (1 J) __ down ~llI1IC. l got the fri~h( of ury life.' ~11'!\ \Villi;llll~ tOkl reporters. r..fn; \Xlilli~ln\s' description (12) __ Th.uor other eyewitness accounts of (he 'monster', which h:IS apparently been (13) __ in places :IS far ;1~1r1 as 0\:\'()11 and Yorkshlre, (14) __ receraty, the crcaurre was assurued to be :1wotf but me few ~lnin1~11 (l;) __ which have been found su3b~ the crenturc is much larget 111:111 :I \\'(11,. or :1 (";'11. A
had She wanted to know _____ occurred. 19 I think your hair i:-:
kuervlew. get
tOO
_ long fur Ihl;
\"('"
".r"", II",
_
Intcrvie,,.
20 'Did you see John )'c.... 1en;in)'r

dny He \\ nmcd 1(,)kJlU\V whether She _ before, 21 '11)(:: pollee
;11'c
lookh\g jl1l0 the incklent.
queries
B invcsrigauons
2 A recent
13I,,,~
B worries
B CSC;IPC
C research C few
C cooccm
3 4 S
A panic A avoid A
C refuse
C incicknl:o.
accidents
6
S
A found
B \.:\'1:111.:, B had
B pulled B pulling
7 A pushed
A knocking 9 ,\ look 10 t\ like
ego'
C C C C C rapped
1~llling
B g11111p=,t:
B resembled
sbcck
marched
11 A g.rinning
12 ,\ suns 13 r\ sported Ij A As 15 A paths
B JUO\\'Jing
B resembles
watching
I) qUC$ion!j I) laet I) danger D IC~l\'1! I) things o took D thumped D dropping I) stare D reminded I) ~t31'ing
tnvesugatcd "1111;
~'llIl')'.
h}' the police.
22 'Can we sI110ke in here?' Arthur asked
whetherArthur asked
there. 23 'Don't touch those cakes!' she said 10
Iheill.
ill
not She told 24 They didn't allowed

\'<Ie during ihc cxaminauon.
cakes.
C matclu.. ~
C caugbr
n watched
13Until
B Ifajh'i
Dgoes
I) chased
11Before 1) prints
Jel u. .. leave the rOOIH during the cxanunaucn.
CSO C tracks
(he room
2S '\Viil you be goin~ to school u)lnorr()\v?'
follo.\\Tlng She wondered whether he would be _______ day.
108
Review: Units
9-12

f()<
questions26 40, readthe text below and look <:atefullyat e.xh lone.Someof the lines are conect. ~nd some haYe a INOfd whICh should not be the<e If a .00 IS conect. put a tick .I). If a lonehas a \\Old """h should not be there. wnte the word.
Graphology
__ __ __
__
26 tf ~'OU \\.Inl 10 lind 0111 about SOITh..""Onc's pcr-coaluy. one 'VoIYof 10 do if is [0 2; tnkc a ";'II1II')lc of their h.mdwriung and analyse It. this i.\ C'JIk.'t.I hy 28 jott.lphoh,tt)" 'I'(I do ~r.,pholog)' pruptrtr, Ie I:; in11)()lt:Ult10 lI"-' 1:lirl)' t)'pi~1I
29
__
__
.'iO
31
__
__
.l2
33
__
__
3-.
,\Cj
__
__
36
37
~1'K.'llIl1ln .. ell \\'ritinA and 1101 even one ...wriuen l'!>I)Ccllllly IOf the .In.lly ... i.. , h.kr.III)t}'uu need :~:V(,!r::I) of samples. which should hnve 1)\.*(:1) "'lillen:1I dincrenl tintce. Bvar In Inind (h:u we have ~\,l.'r;ll dllTl'l'\"nt '\ ;'Y:"o or wrhlng d~p(>'ndillA on 10 the circum ..nmce+, 'Ilk.' :utdtc," on nu envelope wlll u.;u.llly be neat :100 tidy. while a shoppfug Ibt IIliJ.thl be 1"k.".lrl)ill~~lhk-! 11\1: handwriting o( nlanr f:uHOU:o, peoptc h.l.....tllI been ~Inal)'... ed In ,hi .. \"'':1) and the l'C"Iulrs:Irc o(tcn "-tlrp"..lng 'IIW' Col.....' Sh.,k\.-"'PC:lrc i~\VCn known. It was discovered IIIJI Iflot' J.t,tC.ltl"'. uf .111voor u riu.'r., \"';J_,. aCt.'oruinl-tto the: ~QUl;ltUI'\.~ wv have,
o.
__ __ __
~ \1r1u.llI~ Uhlcr:u~In lhe ca-e oflhe van (iogh.lhc: Kf\. .. .11 ..n.",', f~n'ous 39 ~1~1t\1f\.""" Jllhc bottom 0( hi" paintings do seem to fC\\.~1 "o(m-.-,hing 10 (Illthe l'01UhOI\.ll state of mind be wae in wben he w "'I').linll."t.Ithern

for questions41-50, read the text below. Usethe word given In capitals31the end of eachline to form a word that filS in the spacem the sameline who is lU:,tI? CO\\'S0" fnrtllcrs?
Bovine SpOllHlfCJnn Itll(',:ph~llIti.s is a (J I) __ hruin disorder found :ul1onJ.t.'14. cows. A,.,thi~medical term i.\ afUltH1 (--i2) __ (or thl' lu,I~)rllyof nrdin:lr)' people to ,say. the lllne" I" ("lj) __ known :1' Mad Cow Disease.
.\I:IU Cow Dtsc.rsc I)~t 1I1.IUC iL~( , t) __ in Brit!)in in the late 198(}., In the 00... (;~) __ rc-earch MlAA(:~{\.-dthat the dlnt.""l.. .. could (llTt."t1 huny.ln .. :100 so most European (it6) __ banned the unporLllton uk Ix.,\.-tIroru Brunn. \\lUI b '1.ld Q)\\ l)l'IIC.';L....... (-t-) __ ' t.lJn~8ritbh fJ.tr1ld"'I If\ d)C'HO'!t red Ihllr cow, food made from me bone, and Ot;AO
~O"IUL~ l'OI'UL<\R
AI'l'AR
SCt~l'(;E GOHRN
f\ACr
SPFClAL
V~Gt.TAUI.F
o~n .. of csher ;arunut, (u~)__ ~heep.Cows arc b:."K-.&1ty <-1<) __ and it i, thutlJ:ht thJt the meat-based tlk-l Ilk!) were fC"e.l c;~,u'C'dIhl.: c.l''''4.O:I'l.~or the 0011\ and ()O) __ ')'S1t."In.
l'fRVE
109
13
Goodies and baddies

Relative clauses; used to/would + infinitive, be/get used to + .;ng

1 look al tbe headline of Ihe nem repott below USing
these questions, predict what the report Willsay.
I \'\'ho b Ihe ''t:j')(111 ahO\II) I. \\'11:11i.. unusual :11:I4)UI Iht:fli' j \\h~11 have {hey SUc.I.'\.'\.'\.IlJd in t'()ln~;
Detectives' team. The children trace and return an average of three bicycles a week. In return they receive a pass to the local swimming pool.] I The young detectives are Herde's eyes and ears and each ~, of them is responsible for an area close to his or her home. If they see anything suspkious, they report it to their thief. Following a recent robbery In Upp,ala. the police saw the get-away car head into Harde's district. I , I 'I gave the car numberto my children: he " said proudly. Within an hour and a half Icould confirm to my bosses that the car was not In my dlstrict_'
Eve<y Monday evening. the detectives attend their training courses. They study the Derecl;vos' Handbook,
I1
2 Read the repo<l qUICkly and check your predICtIons.
Young crime busters
win praise
Swedish ten year olds are learning the ways of SherlockHolmes- and helping to cut crime in their home town. Alex Farnsworth (Stockholm)
aime rate in the Swedish town of Uppsala. But the hundred member> of the crack squad are no ordinary crime busters - they are only ten years old. The , youngsters work under Goran Harde, a policeman who has been running a detective training course for the past five years.M I Harde, a 25'year veteran of the force, boasts that he has 'one hundred small detectives and the lowest crime rate in town'.
10
learn the art of fingerprint brushing and watch non.'" violent mystery classics,l! ~ " I They are also sent on fact-finding missions. The school transforms the town council dining room into a bustling forensic laboratory of which Sherlock Holmes would have been proud,
/'""\on the
1\ n elite force of detectives has had a dramatic effect
n..year-long course is for twenty young detectives, after - which the children receive a diploma_I I Seventeen are chosen for the course on a first come. first served basis; the last three Harde chooses himself from problem families.
By offering fun-filled detective classes. Harde hope, to encourage a sense of civicresponsibility In his pupils and to foster a situation in which society can police itself. He claims that the detective club is more than just a novel approach to police work, He beheves it is an investment in the future. The children who are invo~ in the ,\ programme are much more likely to grow into responsible law-abiding citizens. They also get tots of fun out of the experience. t , l one young detective, Anna Egenalm. said she doesn't share her knowledge wi1h her friends: 'It's a secret,' she declared.
10
Recently, when a woman went missing from an old people's home, Harde called the local school and asked them to 'let out his detectives'. Within half an hour they had found her sitting in a caf~.1 . I When a bicy<:l~ is reported stolen, an almost dairy occurrence in " the university town, Harde sends out his 'Emil and the
110
Unit
13

3 Seven sentenceshave been relTlO\led from the news repon. Choose from the sentences A-H the one which fils each gap (1-7) There is one extra sentencewhIChyou do not need to use.
,\ 'rhl", j, ;1pr.... ur hnpresslve succe- r.llc
B
Speaking
for he} uun,g t.I..:r~(,lhce, The 'i(.'hClll~ Iu-, !t't'O\\.n in
popul.:int) SIno: II \\.1.. l:ulflChed in 19f) ~llhcrl:' .In.' nt .. c."I)(JU)lh ..,IJ("\-.... fOf;.t1l t~ ,,110
C TIl4.: ,-'OUr-<' L" ...u popular
o 11ll'1\: \\.I/'i no
II
I'
G ..I
apr'> .1I'tJ .1 -elecrion has to I ...... nlilcJc. lhnt: 10 I~. :!<I() lilt" young .. 't'\lIh~ \\t:'~(.llIcod in Ie l"i all much more fun Ih:IO oroil}:II,)' Ic~ .. un~. 1l.n'de h quhk 10 poiln our Ih:ll till: rlllld'l'n :11\.'never asked to do JnYlhinF d.II1~C"(lus They ,all"d thdr bo-, "'00 had her MUm"",1'Irc'r 10Ihe old peopIe's hurnt' 11k."R: 10.' .1 fC't.04inj: 0( blion,giu,: to IttoUl' \\ Ith J c."omnKKl ptltpO.-.c
4 An",ver thesequestionsabout the leKl

\,(/hlt'll f.llunlll'o derccuves arc rneruloncd ill the '{,XI~ \'(/h:"Itdo you know nbotu
Ih(.'UI~
cases :U'\: the YOtIOS dett.'(.1ht"~ asked to <tOh"e? 3 \\'tul :J:III...Jrt: tbe ck!tt."CIh'Q uuj.thc?
2 \Vh~lt 01
'ypc:'"
1 Compare and contrast thesepholographs. Useexpressions(rom the box below.
.. \Xl"l1 .I~ Ihe :ld\"3nlageo:0( lile' )'ouO)C
2 AOSoNer these questions

\\b:al does 3 pcbceman \\'OI1I3ndo in his bcr job?
\\ hI( :iTCthe qu,;tlitio
dett.~i\e~ pfug,T:InmlC'? 5 \'(Ih..llknxl of could young tk-1~"I\t"~ tlu In your 'O\\-n?
,,,ad
of:, good
POIK"C1n:tO \\()In:ul'
5 Findwords or phrasesin the texlthat mean.

- me number c.'rinlc,'1 coounlucd (paragraph I) - someone \\ ho 11;'5 been doing. a fOb Ior long .IRleI r.1r.lgraph I) -:an evcor, an incident (par:tg.raph 2) -!he h"". lead... (p;u:lgr:Jph 3) - all."J PO" 0( nl} (pa"'graph 3) - 5OJUC\\ here where cxpenmems arc carried out (p;I~WJ.ph -0 - I"'IC'\V, unll~~11 (paragl':aph 6)
Useful language
Des<;ribingphotograph,
He is oINiously ...
-,
I
or
:1
Silemusr be ... Shemightlcould be. , He looks as if he ... From wh.l, I can see ... It's dilflCtJ/t to Sd)! but I'd glMS th.lt
Comparing and contrasting photographs TIleyare both photos of Bom phoros sre coontCtcd to . In this photo .... whetNS in rh~ other one ... TIle biggest dtfferen<:f! between rhe two photos is ... PlCfufe B is I'eI)' differenr b<!c.use ...
111
* Goodies and baddies

Grammar
Relative clauses
--
-_-
---
2 Compjete these sentences usong a reiabve pronoun Deode wI1elher lhey conialn a defining or a nondehrong ,eJa_ clause and punctual. them approp"ately.
-'\1Clpooe __ f.lmdy (,".Ink: fn)ln ~K'ilr \\ a!'t "
There art two kinds of relative clause: defining and non..(leflning. A relative clause begins with, relative pronoun. The most common relative pronouns are;
nocorK~ ~J."1fi.a leader. 2 F.hot ~eN) \\;b the FDI ofl'lt.... ' __
.Irr\....... cd. j 007 Lithe code name __
h;'ld AI c.cpclOl
Used for people things places possession
Defining Who/that whlchtrhat where

whose
Non-defining who which where whose
was Ai\'cn 'V Jallk:'
Bend. -1 Robin Hood __

real name \\':t...Unhin 01 Luxlt')' 'I,,(.t_) in Sherwood fOrc.... I. 5 Baker StreeL is the ~n .. 'l:1 in London __ ~hcrloc"
Huhllt':o. lived.
6 Sherlock HoInlCS __ never :lCluull), ext-red
You use a defining relattve clause to give essential infonnation about the SUbject or object of the ~ntcn(e. NO commasare used before and lItler the relative ClAuse. CIvIdron ,,-110 campier. rhe derecrive c~ ~ 8
CMlflCdte.
\\~b
erected by .. \rthur Conan Du),k. - 71/('.1IQJL~(!lmp b lhl! rJlCN 'u(.,.... .. 8 71,t!Pillk Panther
1~"\..1(Ka~-aU
\\"";1S
""1 pl.c), __
ha
ever-appeared Oil the LDndon .sr:a.LtC.

3
,)Cric....of fih" ..
If'
1\Q\\.i.')
a~Ir\."(1
You use a nondefining relatWe clause to give extra information about the subjea. or object of the sentence. Commas are used before and after the relative clause. Hbt*, who has been. poIKemanfor 25 ye.ll$. wanted (0 rrdlll chJldren in detective skills.
9 A.8;uh3Chnstie __ IU}"'l"'f')' :lnd crenc \'err popular died in 19-:'"6.
J.n!
3 Combine mese sentences USingthe relative pronoun In bradcets.

'11Ieiteectu SID,)', Il"li(J.'(eh('I'()
Is oj1('H (I fJr;,tfll(.'
i"r"('Slig(uo,~ 1.1; (/ I)PC 0/ III)'!oU!lY,#'JI;I',
1 Complete tillStext using a relative pronoun In each

Space. The text Is about a famous English novelist. Who is It?
','hl' 'ngh..h novelisl X. (I) __ I~l 1,,,.'.111''!ott!riQIIS IIffa;rat
Jl)(~
bolOU. ...
in
dt"lr.:tClef is f tcrculc Poirot. wax born ill Torqury

S/J{es.
(2) __
I)l.Wn
Ik.., career. appeared In 1920. l'oIr'OI, (3) __ " 3 lk'I~I:;In cte.:t.'CtJ\"C. lS the hero cL m:.tny 0( ht.-TIll) '$(."f).
The detective 510'1' i:o.it t)'I)C of nl)'SrCI,), l'l.ory. I.~ hem I~oflen :1private inve~li~al()I', (\\'hu.-.c) 2 'J11Cderectlve :I1t'.'ays .'o(>I\'c~ the (rilHc h)' the crl$ ~ Llk.' book. TIae ouuc l.. u..u.III)' a murd .... r (whlch] .i A red herrmg I~:! kind of clue, A 1\."'<1 h,""mnl( kuds 11Ot'.'herc, (th:lt) J The det.. x ... Ive SIO'l rlr... appeared C'.trl),'" the
(\\\."'11Ik."'(h century. II i.<' also C3lk-d ;a .,,,, IWldun11,
fau)()US of( ..} __ .Irt:" 111(0 ."unl,'rQ/ If/'.'" AcltmJyJ and J"unlM"oIJ "K> Orn!1u 1f..\1Jf\'$S Cunatu, m 6) __ Poiroc: dic." .JP~lfed III 1975. TIk: lhin~ (6) __ chataCIt:ri,tC.'o her .)U)f'k:' h the clever ~Ol.'i, C") __ always h3\C;I surpn:o.ing
I~I
.ont.~M)Otc Qfuk.'"
(which)
5 r.dp..r Allan Poe created the \\o,ld '0 n..... 1 dt1.. 't.11'c The deic..'ClivcSrl:une '\\"3$ AU8U'll' lX.pn C\\IK~) 6 Fngland h;1.Sproduced m;lny fanlOtl' detective Not)
\\'riler.;. !\ 10l of detective :,Ic.>rif:., rake ptl{t.' In
r" l ... at fhe C"r\d 'I he rnutderer nften tum., out 10 be Ihe p..!''''1011(M) __ !lccnlS tl"k: 1t:".J!'tI likely MJSIk!C"t,
Enlll.nd. (where)
5<)lIICor her :o.lCwies iHc :;~l in tht: (\liddle l"::lSI. (9) __ sh.... , ,nel her husb:.nd. (lO) __ \V.I~:l f:1II1C1US OI'(II:t(.'Ologisl, She ~CC()lnp:.ni'l,.'d h('r 11u,-:l'l;lnd
to Ir:l(1 :Iud Syria, (11) __ tlJurr/er ill :l/l'SO/ltilfUnlfl i!\,"CI X tll'() \\ roce the pJa}' The J/OIl ... 'tI!II'tIJ), (12) __ h.. l\ I~.cn prodUlc..-'dCOntinu~l)' in J.ondon !'"Incc 191;)2.
112
Unit
13
Vocabulary
Crime 1 Pullhe words in the box unde< the following headings:
- people who break the law - people who defend the law - names of crimes - places connected with the law - actions connected with the law
crtmlnal culprit accuse release offender chaf}tc prison suspect accused sentence police COUI'! detective robbery lawyer mugging fn,.''Cprosecutor assasstoauon cell judge Jury convlct blackmail
2 Match the verbs WIth the prepositions they go with.

arrest for
charge
:I(CII:-..:
of \Vilh
10
fine
sentence p\ll"Ii~h
suspect
blame

verb person
Crime Ih~f1/:ih,:aling
steal
robber burgle
btlrglar)' wnness shoplifter ;lSS.1SSill drug trafficking

prisoner jnll srarton
----------------~
mugging kldnap
hijack
smuggle
sboplifrcr
pickpocket
Use of English
1 For questions 1-10, read
Kidnappedl
The r-,[cu'0t'0!itan police have launched a nationwide huru for 'he (1) __ of n wealthy buslnessman, Charles \'(/ebsier, who held for ransom at the weekend,
lhis text. Use the word given in capitals a1 the end of each line to form a word that fits in the space in the same line.
was
KIDNAP
111~pollee arc ()rrcriJl~ 2; 000 pounds for (2) __ leading to the INFORM :IfT<.:~L of the (j) __ . websrer, chalrman of the t'aolOus chocolate CRI~IF. factorv Candbcrry Sweets and Iather of three. '\':IS released on Monday afler his (4) __ paid a ransom of nearly one llliUioo pounds. The IIELATE J)A:"GER thn.. "C " v:tilted men are all high!}' (5) __ escaped convtcrs. \Vd)5(cr (old (6) __ how his ordealbegan InS(rod:l)' morning a.... .lOIJR:"AL he was on his \\"3y to work. 'The 55year-old (7) __ was dragged tlUSINES5 from hi~car ;1l gunpoha by t'VO men who rook hhn 10 :11\ (8) __ KNOW destination. They thcn telephoned \'(/ebslt~r'sbrother, who is also the I:lnlily (9) __ , demanding a 1'3.0501\1 of a IHiliioo pounds and LAW warning him not 10 involve lht: police ill (10) __ . On 1\1onday KEGOllATE momlng, 10e two sides carne 10 :t compromise agreement and the kidnappers released \'Yebst:er in exchange for 850 000 pounds.
113
* Goodiesand baddies
Speaking
1 Match these names or crimes with the pictures below.
hlJackin1-( t'>hOlllUiinR bank robbery speeding h'lrj.4l:u')' V;&nd:lli~nl plckpockenng
Grammar
Used to/would + infinitive. belget used to + -ing You use used 10 and wovld + Infinitive
to talk about past habits that are now finished. We used to go to the OfCUS eve<y Ch,jstmas In the summer holidays w" would vr$It my
gtandmorhef., Bnghton.
You can also use
usJ
to to talk. about
past states that are now finished. We used ro be \"")' poor You use be used to + .;ng to mean to be
accustomed to (.om.thing). I am used to driving slnaU Cd'S.

You use get used to + ./ng to mean to
become accustomed to ($Om.thlng). lam getting vsed 10 w"'9 ,n lhi$ II~I.
--
1 Complete these sentences usong the corrOCt form of used lo/would + onro""",. or belger vsed to + -ing and the verbs ,n brackets.
'111(.'(: __ (be) fe-ver c:rhnf.:!> thau there :U'C today. If!'> dimtult 10 __ (nut/he) .hle- 10 go O\U tare :11 night \\'c __ (walk) horne :11 nj~llI ;,101lt! J few years :I~O but we \Ion', ,lo),"ItH'e. I __ ("leal) .;;;\\eeL"i when I \"":L~ :. ~nl:111 child. nl,-'fC __ rbcr fewer pn,N,:c:'n'h;n on the ~teel' I find it difficult to __ (k.'t..') so l1l:lnr
1)c{.:.{!3~on the Mn.,Cb.
1
j
,
~
f (,
2 Work WItha partner and solve the problem below.

Look at the pictures of different (.rink''', I)i",,"s~them wnf p.trmcr :111(1 put them ill order r..f M:rlnll~neSSt eg.
I
)'XII'
""' There ate more bank I'ohl)\:rfl'~now than
hij.ckinll
oh,,," __ (I",). t-l You 1l1lJS[ __ (Iut.'k) all your window and doors, Ollle(\\ lee the ho,,"(' \\'un"l he
~Ifl!'.
2 spccdinJ! f.'tc \\' S Gilbert ..akl. 1..t!1 (he pun,!!hn14.. ,u fil rhe crime. Oc..'CkI..: with your p;lrtncr what punishment lOU would ~i"cfor each of the crinld in the piC.IUrc:..
Which of the sentences above are true about loreonyour town C)( Coty'
DISCUSS
these Questions.
in
\\ hk.h .Ire the mO:->1 common t;rink.":"> In your counlry? \\ hl'h c.:nnl4;,~ have become conunnn nC)\\-.ld,I}'S bUL weren 1 the P.1St? uow dll ) ou think crime could he rc(lu('eci in your ('l)tlnlry?
114
Unit
13
Exam practice: Use of English,
Part 3
2 For questions 1-8. complete the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning 10 the first sentence. using the word given. Do not change the word given. You must use between two and five words, including the word given. In (he p~ ..:;{. . she ah":ly~ went to (he
cinema on friu:'l), evening.
3 Here (Ire some fairly recent developments in our lives, Work With a pertner and talk about them, using the questions below,
mobuc phones wnnner \"'CillIH,"I'
computers polhuion
crcdn cards mere fast (ood
fax
\Vh;ll did we usc to do before they app<:~u'cd?
\Vhi(h have you gOI used I()~ \Vhich will/won't be diln<'1.1h to gt:llll'e<.IIO?
Vocabulary
Phrasal verbs with take Exam practice: Use of English. Part 4
1 For questions 1-15. read the text below and look carefully at each line, Some of the lines are correct, and some have a word which should not be there. If a line is correct. PUI a tkk (,I). If a line has a
word which should nOI be there. write the word.
would
In the pa .. ~" she _ _____ the cinema nn Friday evening. 2 \Xf;\lchin~ (I,\'ful Tv pl'(JgI';UllnK::~
dO<'SJ\'(bother become
I'vC
1l1C'
anymore.
awful
tv programmes. 3 \Xlh.;n hI; \\':I~prcpnring fhr exams he studied very h~II,{1.

slud}' He \vhen he
.A WOOl:ln'S fight against

2
crime
was preparing for exams,

4 Li"tcnil11! LO ~palli .... h doesn't sound
so earangc
gOI
(0
rnc ~n>'nlorc.
I to Spanish. ; 1used to smoke in fro"1 of the children. longer I in front of the children. 6 13t...ing robbed in gOI People .,...--~----robbed in mr city.
Ill)' Cit)'
Vaklie eo:-T~I-uarted up III:r career in Ihe sln.l:t~'e :lg4lIn:-t orgnntxed cri rne when she look on 10 the difficuh job or 3 warder ill :l high security prison. She look (0 the tu 1 once and was high I)' sU('(.'t:S...;ful.Her \\'0"" Impreecdthc :; Milll x 11)of justice :-0 much Ih:" she was taken Oil order to G help the n~lt againsr rerrcrisr groups and drug-traffickers. 7 nt:fvl'~Ih:u she took OVC:I', <he had already become The R general secretary (If the JU${iC~ department. She is not 9 only the first '\\-'0111.111 [0 take up such a position in the
;m
__
-__
__
10 govcrmrsem. 1)\11 even also the fil~twornuu to be placed al II the head of Ih~ war ag:)in.~1(lrg:uli".t:cI crime. She)'~I doc... p nOI think th:n being ;:1 woman mnkes ~Inydifference In her n (ole. '1 au, not nt,king eX<l(1Ir the :-><UHC !'i~ll'fifil.'\.':' ~ISthe ':Iking up th~ :;'I(II'Y 11 men who had the joh bc:fOl'c IY":, I :11)1 15 from where 'hey "'f, on - that's "":
has 2 Answer these questions about the phrasal verbs with rake in the text. Tool.! OH [line 2) here means: a replaced h offered ,1 joh 2 'look ((J (line ::-.acoep.. cl 3
$() C
become vcry common.
accepted n job
There is
USe
much
,-
more crime in our
j) means:
b felt happy with h offered :1 joh b replaced
c worked hard
c accepted :1 joh
country than in the past,
7(II..'C1l 0"
;1
(line 5) here means.

(line 7) here means:
111<)", __ 8 Seeillg
persuaded
much crime in our country.

111)' dad
.:) "~~()k Ol'e"
with ~,beard sull
c c
removed "1.'ru,"'_'
looks strange ro rne. used I am .. ill -,-.,.--,.,---:-_-,-_
.i"at."(! lip (line 9) means:
:1 siandoinga joh b continue 6 'I'oklng liP (line 14) hCI'C means:1 S"I()P doing
seeing nly dad wirh n be:"Iro,
b finishing /15
* Goodies and baddies

evidence

2 t=J Mr and Mrs Arnol"ni witnessed the crime shown in the picture below, You will hear them being interviewed by the police. For questions 1-10, complete the witness report.
proof clue
(0 decide
3 Match the words above with their definitions,

- information used ill court accused b. guihy 01' !lOI whether the
- Information that shows that something is definitely
a (act 01' not

- infull'Uali()ll or a ~ign th:11hclp..o; you In find the correct answer
Witness Report
4 Complete these sentences using one of the wo<ds

above,
1 I J:tVC yuu ~In)'__ Ih~11you were ut hUII1C on the night of lh<: fuurdc;r? 2: Severnl witnesses Aa\'C __ about the crime.
\'litness details
Name M e I'liar
-I
An'
Iini, Mr AllJtwW A.,.,oIO,'
Arc
there
:111)' __
as to \\'ho might have
Address Occupation Description of suspects

SU!jpec: 1:uL,,"'' ' '
C0I1I1l1iH<.:dthe (rin)Cr 4 The blood on hi.i clorhcs may be useful __ hut It i. .. not absolute Ih:1[he is the murderer. <j J cern gueSS who is corning for dinner. C.1"you Rive me :1 __ ?
..J1 ne ~h1: 'h'6tuir'fi) a
Listening
1 Look at this picture 0; a crime for one minute Close your book and wnte down as many details about it as you can, Compare notes with your partner,
C8rryll"~ .1 .L",US,",,",-_-,,',:;"_- __
--,
~1"1,,J!Yl,"-
..J1 hoir? \'Ieari"~ s bro.. ,'l jacko;:;
Unit
13
Writing
Exam practice: Witness report
1 The policeaskedMrs Arnolhnlto write a witness repon, but It ISlu. 01 mIStakes, Find the mistakesin the report and label them with the following symbols. Some of them havebeendone for you. word ,nissing x - urmccv ..... :,,')' \\UI't1
Co grammar
\'(10 \\
In Tu~sday September 12 I have been in to my

restnurnnt with nly
husband it wns about
eleven and a half at the morning. I looked in
the window and Sl.lddcnlY ( \V3S seeing n tnll

man who running out of the bank to Ashton Road and he was ~ and holding a sun to hi. hand. he was carrying a brown leather ~lcket
\f -
vocabulary
urd u,d..:r
\\',\. - wrong
word
~p : .p . .. :lhn~
Pun
puncn.aTiun
2 Comp.1reMrs Arnolflnl~ statement WIththe picture

from the hstenlng elU>fClSl' opposite How many differencesare thefe 7 3 LlIStSaturday you ,,,,tnessed the enme shown In the pictures above. Wnte a report of what you saw, using these questions to help you.
\'''h:n .huc.' ,\.,~ il~
\'!'ht.:r( '\"e1'1:" )"OU? \,\'h:1I wer....>~)\I doin~? \\71\:11did Y()U 1l04it.'t' firM?
\,{/llal h:lJ)f'Int.-"C.1'
a pair of blue jeans. perhaps he held a
yellow .carf round his neck. It was and another man waiting on a motorbike outside from the bank, The second man was ~ dark
and he was carrying a moustache. Ilis hClirs

were long and black and curly. The second wns with a black leather jacket and a blue jeans Also. I was seeing also a man who walked p..'\..~t at that moment going his poodle for walk. They robbers jamped into the motorbicycle
\Xlhal h:lpPl.'n(.'(1 tlU",'IV \\'l'Jl:.l1 L1id the ( rhllll\.II .. look lik~r
and they mil a\vay,
117
14
TVtimes
Verbsfollowed by infinitive or -ing form (gerund); ellipsis.

1 Put the WOfd~ In the box under
tbe 10"OWIng headIngs connected vmh lV:
- people
- programmes
-~rbs
fhm prc"-Cl1tct newscaster hn~ttl(;.I.;tcpi'lndc ,"\,iI('h ,<-Tk'" l':lnuon newsflash view cr c.:cnllrnen:i:d scene
qui/.
tcPCill il1(unuiuh'c "'11("")111 announcer show
pnxh' c'er drau,"1 comedy
....
inlt.'tvJc\vcr IlIlk :-ho\\'
de;H;unlclll:I'1'
2 Read the text qUICkly. and match each programme wIth

0"" 01 the PIctures.
118
Unit
14
TV Highlights
Bear Necessities group of people who livein southA Love Hurts ., The Asian blackbear is hunted for its western Ethiopia. Barelytouched by The secondseriesof this hIghly gall. an important part of Oriental the war .n the north, they continue accla.meddrama reurutesunlikely medicine usedin the treatment of to live a traditional hfe. Eachfilm loversFrankCarver and TessaPl990tt. anything from headachesto lover concentrateson the proud and playedby Adam Faith and Zoe complal~ts.This_filmfollows the police " outspoken Hamarwomen whose lives ...Wanamaker. Plumber-cum-millionaire " on the killing trail in Korea.where the - lheir struggles and tragedies- offer Frankhaslost his home, money and bearsare almost extinct. acrossthe many refleCllonsof our own. The Tessa. who has moved from doing Pacificto Canada.where conservewomen speakfrankly about the" lives charity work to the board of tionistsbattle to savethis endangered particularly Duka. who in the films . Blaumblall, run by the thirteenth soeoes. HI) matures from a young. unmarried girl 10 richest man in the USA. But FrankIS to a wife and mother with two young not a man 10be kept down for long Acoustic Tragedies children. and soon startsdotng busness in " Noiseis one of the most complained Russia- just as Tessa's work takeshe< about environmental problemsand F The Accountant to Easternand Central Europe.Will the faslest growing form of pollution. Directedby lee Balirand starring " their affair beg.nagain? Thrsfilm follows negotiations between Alfred Molina as the accountant this B Fawlty Towers mother of four. Mrs Rafei.and her "' film. a dark and dangerousdr.";a ~==L.:.'::":'~~ '''' neighbours, up.andcoming heavy with lots of humour, haswon the Bas.1 hasbig plans for his hotel. Fawlty metal band Peach. Will anyone Bnt.shAcademyAward for BestSingle Towers,although the guestsstand in compromiseor will band practice drama, the RoyalTeleviston Society the way of progressand his staff _ continue to drive Mrs Rafeito tears? Award Md two BroadcastingPress Manuel (Andrew Sachs),the E_U=n;::d,:,er:...,::th.:,:e;..::s;::u!,!n GUIldAwards. uonet EII.rman(Molina) incompetent waiter from Barcelona' ,:, is a small-time London accountant. Polly,the seeminglysane nus awardwlnning seriestakes a look who has been asked to trace a small chambermaidand Basil'sdragonlike '" at the more unusual lifestylesand debt for his friend Bernie, who lives In wife Sybil(PrunellaScales). who relationshipsof Individuals,tnbes and Manchester.But this taskis not as dividesher time between nagging her nanons from all corners of the globe w innocent as it soundsand Lionelfinds " husbandand goSSiping - are also an The Women Who Smile is the first pari that the Mafia are taking a close obstacle. Hilarious one-liners, comic of Tile Hamar Trilogy. a portrait of a interesl in hisson'SBarMitzvah. Insultsand amusing slapstICk make Favvlty Towers the most popular TV comedy of all time. Exam practice: Part 4
7.
'I
C Great Ormond Street 'The Child Firstand Always' is the sloganof lhe world's most famous children~ hospital in central London. This eight-part senesaims to show how thosewords are ptJtinto practice .. each day. as the cameras capture the moving storiesof the young patients, their parents and the specialmedical teamswho work there. The hospital doesimportant medicalresearch,but its daily concernsoften involve matters of life and death. Nature A seriesof six programmes which focus on environmental problemsand possiblesolutions, Induding:
3 For questions 1-13. choosefrom the TV programmesA-F. Someof the programmesmay be usedmore than once. When more than one answer is required,these may be given in any order.
\Vhi<;h programme Of progmnuues "'oule! you recommend for
\\')\0:
~()nh.'QI"k!
Iikt:S
\v:ut:hln~ prourauuue ....... ..,:1 in other (l)unlli~.s?
t;:ti
rtii
I .-.. , -
i~ Interested in environmental i,''iu!;::-?

(11jO),S crhnc :-Iories?
llkvs t-;n~lish hUIll('.)U!'?

likes documemurk's about
social is."ue:o?
likes :.10ric... about modern tel:ltjonshjp~? is uuerested in ..;.cil;lllitl(- dL'\,\:loPI)l('IUS?

\\':II('h< .. -'5all)tthillg
[!IfijiEl=:J~C~~!;~ I.
I
I'
that
1l:IS won an :J\v:1rd?
4 Work with a partner. Whai programme would you most like to watch and why? ' 119
* TVrimes
Grammar
Verbsfollowed by infinitive or -ing form (gerund)
50_ v~rbs are followed by the infinitive (with to). og a!fOld. decidf!. hope. I c.n'r afford to buy a car at the moment. Somoverbs are followed by the -ing form (gerund). eg finish. enjoy. suggest. I finally finished doing my homework at midnigllt. Some verbs can be followed by the infinitive or the -Ing form. but with a change of meaning. og stop. remembor. try. Compare: Arthur stopped to t.lk to Mary. (He stopped what h. wasdoln9 to talk to Maty) Arrhul sropped ralkmg 10 Mary. (He no Ionge< talks to
Mary.) S
.j
"'e regret to infoan ~ou nlTt:n:d tl Ie P"'l
Ih.11 ~(JlI t1;;I\c;'" not
I~
rhe ob. \\-e "'ish you good Ilk:l., in ~our career. It \\ouJd have bc....'t .n lIllI(.h '-"'1((.T 11 "'-" had
~fe n..-grct nOi oifcnng you
I tried to open the: \\"indo\\ 1)\111couldn't h l tried climbin~ thruu~h tlu- \\'tlldo\\ bee... tuce it was jammed. ... because I had :dl't:.tdy tned 1111.'trent door.
:J
3 Complete thesesentencesu~ng the correct fOlm (Inf'Miv. or -ing) of the verb, in brackets
I had been ..nld>ting bard <o J
("";lI('h>:1 qUI7 on l'
1)\..'(.-;111\4,'
'Itt 'PPlAd__
I fmd rbcm
1 ""t the verbs and """''''''IOns In the box ,nto 9roups.

ac:cord'ngto whICh pattern they are followed by
gfve up It ~ no U!'tC go on would like "fOP "il:art pR)flll..c be u~ (0 enjoy imagine can't stand
promise __ (\\'Jile) bn k 'o(.1UI\. \ )< .. -nwmbcr __ (c heck I )"(M..II.11\""'''''' h"follo' vou k-ave the exam room I I remember __ (1-:,0)10 Ihe faif l.'"\cr))"... " ,,he.:j I "'.b )oung. ~ 111~ :lIhk.1c tried __ (br~:d thc.' wodd f\"'f, .."uro but fulled. .!
I (1 1f)"OU \\3I\t __ j.CU111 iA.'ilcad.
n:1.."dnf:
(.,,-op) ~nukln~, II)'
(t'h,""",
Cluffbear Intend decide CUl'1heir irs (nuc) \\ oreh

tl)tfCC
unl)' lnrinhlve
lI'Oll/it /(/.."
onlY';"8 girt' up
both Infinhlv e :ll1tl/IIj.t
7 l1H..' ho.... sc needs __ (CI4.':lIl) once J week. I thin we occd __ (g<:() a 1..1 ...'an~r In lkl II (III U". fl I I~(I;I __ (s..'1r) I will no! I." ..hle 10.lIll'nd the reception next \\ eek. 9 ttc regreucd __ (nol/~o)to rhv r;lny.
10 Coukl you plco.lst: sil clown :11'1<1 'lOp __ (talk)!
stolJ
2 What ISthe drfference between the way the sameverb is usedIn the following pain of sentences?Match each senlence WIth the <!Xlracts thaI follow .
.. Sh(.remembered 10 tlu} hiln 3 p~'nl h ""he;rcnR'f11hers bUying him a pee-em hut an t think where she It..-ft it ;1I"kJ he '" .1') dcbghled. !. ,I He: datlJ'fl Itl'"Xcc 10 go and see .\fadonn.l.' new
hhl1 h
ue IlI:v cr lorgOt going 10 the cmerru for rhe iii..... tunc, , ... tx"l.IU'C he had \\ ritten it (10\\'11in hb di.lf"),
.,' ht.,\,IU.-,c
Studio booi<d
It ''';l~ an incn..-dlhlcCXPl:ril:IlCI..',
6 30 a.""
TCleSdC!tj .
~ a The speaker slopped to Jook at his nOl\..'1'0 h Tbe 'pc.:.tkcl' stopped looking ;1( hil'onnlt.'1" \\ ell. becauw he ('Quldn'I remember \vh.1t he \\ JI1It."d 10 '-'y nex1 120
'"
, 1X"t.,'.lu"'l' he knew what he wanted 10 "':1)Vl'l)
,~....
...
Unit
14
ipeaking
xam practice: Pairwork task
Wot!< with a partner and make a plan for the srtuation below. You and )'OUI' partner urc in charge of planning Ihe firsl prcgranunc of :1
newrv magnxine programme CO( young people, The programme will be mude up or tbree different ilcnl.'t. and will be an hour Jong, Together, choose three irems from the five
ilcll1~ shown on this page and

d,-'(;ide what order to put them in, Think ;,bOUI how Interesting the Irems 31't;: 10 }'oung people in your
country.
.istening
You will hear a radio discussion about television. Before you listen, discuss these QUestoonsWIth a partner. I:')TV good 01' bad for children? Do you 'IRI'c:(t with ccnsorslnp of some TV prograrumes>
~ :#v ~
~
--:o.Snow~ - S'c b .f'~"

<.IIV/_~
~-,
7
'7
t
~~
-~.'
xam practice: Part 2

S For questions 1-8.complete the sentences with
~
a word
or
[
-'
t:- .~-
"-.,.
a phrase.
Maurcn Carter's son watches Tv for l'fiL I a (h,y. 2 Sir Peregrine thinks TV brings children 1010cont:lC1 ,,,jtll Lf',,-Iki".,,'M 3 For old people, television is like 1 .Ii'! I -i Noernn naddifft. believes 'c~fl I abour \v;uching 1V should be 1:lid down fOf children. ; Helen \Vhi{t."'{;l!urch thinks the influence of television on children is 6 Helen whnechureh :i:lys that f'tJI '11Iu,." be kept up. - Tony Belch lX!licves ehal m.1n~t'IV programmes do not reflect rhe needs of 1*\ I 8 Tony Belch think,.. chlklren should Lt'=O", c..' -'
IG
* TVlImes
Grammar I Ellipsis
You Ganleave Out words to avoid repeti1ion, or when the meaning Gin be understood without
them. This is called ellipsis. Ellipsis is very common
Vocabulary
spend
waste
pass
in spoktn English.
You un avoid repeating a complete verb phrase by using [est the auxili<lryOf' modal verb.
1 Complete these sentences us'"9 !he correct form of one 01 the words above
ar\" vou ~in!: 10 __ YC::1r' 2 Let's gCI _,1;11'1,,'<1, \'(/e\ I!' __
\t1hl_"'T\."
your h",idJ~' (hl'" enough tinll' nltctlu),. Itw lime. "'p.ur Ihe
John likes rock musicand so do I, We couldn'r have gor there .. "ie,,' 'I rhink 'He likes watching soap opas.' 'Does he?'
we could.'
__
3 \Vc __ (he hotel whhout "K!cing it t I'Ul not dl)ln~ anYlhintt ,pct'tll, ju.q __
5 Ho'\\
roor,
"'"t" h \vdl we havv 10__

10 have
(0
1 Complele these senlences USon9an app<op"ale

aUl"hary or modal verb,
I dkjn'r know what 10 watch on 1V 1:... , niJdu.
6 'nme ~'CII"
7 Don't __
__
IHy
"C'r)
quickly.
your ume on blm - he's nul \\'(1I1h it.
8 I love __
lillie with
fricI'K1 ....don't you?
"either __ L 2 I prcter to listen
(0
(he I'3dio and co __
my W'lft:
3 I can n:aU) relax ,\Il4.."'1\ Ihekids M\C gone In bed rm ;llmk.'l I __ '
Phrasal verbs with keep

keep on keep off keep out keep up keep at keep in
4 AJthur ~nd 1\1ary don', hnve a computer lind nehher
__
Jill
5 vou ... lwM.ddh:avc OcxI8flt :J vrdco Instead Yes. I knO\.. I __ . 6 I think we want a yidl.u more than Ihe chlldn:n
7 'Jlle)r'\,(! been abroad for the lust three weeks. __ lhL")'?
2 Complete these sentences us.ng lhe correctlorm 01

one of the phrasal Ye<bsabove USe one of the ve<bs
lWKe.
8 ',"'h) .In.:rou :u home? \'C)u're supposed In be at the denll"... !

[.
I __ Tt It! GRASS 2 1)01\', )l.ivl" up - __ lt j 'If )'0\1 don r finish your h()f11C''\'Ofk, I'll __ __ 'ill \'OU do: :'I.ltd 'fum '* Do yeo ".lnl In go to Ilt:<tfI hupe I'm nc. __
)'0\1 __
)00
2 Work in pairs. StudEnt A, look at the TV channel
inform.'ltion on page 199. Student e, look at page 197. Descnbt some 01 the p<og<ammes 10 your paMer, Whal an! the mam d.ff..-encos and SlfTlIliontoes bt~ the IWO thannels? Use ellips's, Clltulnel6 I1(/sBOl 11(!t(I$ I"YJR'YlUu7Ies(Jud so 1111 ..;
COIII(".
5 He __ talking though no one was li'h:nln!t. 6 t'[U\'" IT I'ttO['tiR1Y __ - \'("ell <kM'lt"1 __ {he !tunc:! ,voOC.
3 WrQe thr.. senlences using lhe phrasal verbs above.
3 Find Ihr.. Ihongs you have .n corrmon WIth your

partner and thr .. ways .n whICh you d.fle"
!l{vpanner "''( .... ~llfn8 out (Iud sodo I.
'l/j IK".",,'r
hasn't
Rot
a (/~
1)1111 hOL,('.
122
Unit
14
Phrasal verbs (mixed)

3 51 Listen again. Choose from the list A-F a sentence that describes each speaker. Use the letters only once. The<e is an extra letter which you do not need to use.
A He/she did not take the
4 Match the phrasal verbs in list A with their meanings in

list B.
A keep up
Il beooo
II.:
ill
Be( on
put up with go dO\\'11 with come up with gel ~l\V:lr with
rolemre
(!5C:lpC
think of a plan or ~,soluuon vi~il someone for' ;, short while he friendly with
a c
advice gh'en to hinl/hel', j h.. /~hc wu.. s Inllucnced by One or hiNhcr parents. l'le/she dld 110( enjoy
lcssoos :11 school.
Speaker I Speaker 2
Speaker 3
I, lPi
Ie
@;)l
drop in
move at the same speed

something
:I.')
o He/she
his/I",,.
did
1\0(
have
Speaker 4
the support of nne of
5 Complete these sentences using the correct lorm of

one of the phrasal verbs above.
'1 After thinking about till: problem for days, we lin:lll)' __ a solurion,
1'",..mts.
i1
r:: 11 c/sI-K. hns travelled

to m!lny countries. F He/she has lived through ~I 1(')( of dangers.
Speaker 5
h,.!'
2 Casl winter I __
the Ilu ond hnd
:J
week off
work. 3 'rhe :nhlCfe coold not __
wlrh inc rest or the
runners and came I~sc:,

always rrying [0 __ doh\~ as lillie work as po~sibJe. 5 I don't have much time bor I'll try and __ on you next 6111(> I'm it) your neighbourhood. 6 Bill and Ben don'l __ wnh each other ~ll:'111; they're ;,h,'ays quarrelling. 7 She couldn't hcr boss's behaviourso she decided to resign.
Spoken English
-1 She's
SO lazy.
4 Elln spoken English. people Dilen use idiomatic

expressions and short. simple conjunctions, eg and, but. so. Listen and complete this text,
J run Iny own Spanish dance school and I reach people 311 three forms of Spanish douce. flamenco. regional (1) __ classtca], I \\'3S bitten by the dance bug when J \V:lS only four. I'd JUSI seen ~1ballet J1UIUber:It a school concert in Port Elizabeth (2) __ i warned 10 start dance lessons straight away (;J) __ Illy rather said 00, Il \\':IS the only thing I remember that C3U.o:t."lI friction between us' Our f:unily was poor
Listening
1 You will hear five people talking about themselves. Before you listen. read these extracts a,\d decide whether they are said by a man or a woman, I've been 10 lhe SouIh Pole. I've been cooking for as long as J can remember. I nil) Ill)' 0\\'1'1Spanish dance school. e 'J'he doctor told me my hem was playing Ole up so 1 mustn't tire myself. f 1 like a ~o"d, dean shave. g II took quite ;1 bit of courage fot me 10 smn a h c d
I reach scuba diving,
(4) __
it
\V'J:; a
very loving one and there was a

supporr. I~uer, about eleven, I S::I\V :J Peter
great deal of mutual lrU~(5) __
when ( (6) __
Stuyvesant ad which fcalul'\.."d Spanish dance and I \,,'AS

hooked for (7) __ ' J wahed 1'01' :1I10the r couple of years before J fln:dly Look the initenivc rnysc..oJf, (8) __ when r was thlncen. I started goinM to weekly classes in dunce. In (he (9) __ , my f:uher changed his attitude and treated me to a six-week ballet and theatre lour of EUI'()pc, It was a (10) __ come IRIC,
learning Spanish last year,

2 GJ Listen and check your answers. Are the speakers young or old?
5 There are several idiomatic expressions ill the text, Find

them and underline them. What do they mean?
123
* TV times
Writing
Exam practice: Opinion composition
, When writing a composition It is ImportanllO organize your ideas clcally. Connecting words and expressions hefp you do tlus Match the words and expresslOl1Sfrom list A WIth words and expressions from fist B that have a Slm"ar mean.ng
A
3 link these pairs of seoteoces using WO<ds Of e>cp<essoons from exercise I.

number of reasons '\\'hy ,'\ l~ bent'ficl:1I It "'"good p..'t~)lcwho Ih c atone. 2 There nre In,lllY ,-a Iu.lhl\:" peogranuucs. like docomentarles. There :11\: also 111:111)' U":l'Ic,,-'1or harmful prognumncs. 3 There nre not enough fihn ... shown on '1'\'. Those "1:11 arc shown
,1 COnlp'"1)' rOt
Thc.....c .uc
are ""'U;III)' \ cry old. fhey ~hO"Tthe same advene-emem ,,~in and !lpin, 5 People IM""_'<.I pri\.uc n' dWlJk:ls \\ould r:tl4iC :'o(~ux1,rds.
t1 There an: 1()(lln~H'r advenlsemems on 'IV
Sianti:ud, h."e gr. worse.
firMI) f'rlrcx,lnlplc
sadly 11";111)'
bowcvcr
l'lH'I!'oL'qucntly
Il :L.. ;a rc..uh. ,<to() what '.. more J35fl>,
4 YOII are going to answef the QtreSlion below

Your class hJ'I been doinS :1 5UI"\'(.1' on lel.:\ .,ton and your teacher has asked )UU 10 write a composition, ~In...,\"cl'in.u. (he q\.leMion: whm arc 111~ :ldvanHll;tc:-,and dL'i:adv:1111:IA\.~ of televls!on? \'<'I'ile)TO\11 (."Onlpt,,,ilion. \'V'ritc between lind IHOwords.
for 11~:-lnllcc/Jcl'~1.11<c unrnnun;lIl">

to summurlzc on the 01her h~u'Kl in II", fiN pl.",
1m
rUnhc.1'111CJf\:
In condu ..jon
First of all. read Ihis student's answer, ignonng the ffiOrs fOf now. Does the siudeni answer the questlOO appropnalelyl
2 CQmI)Iele these seoteoces USIng one of

Ihe words Of expreSSIOnsaboYe In some sentences there is more than one possibillly.
I Nowndays. there are
~I lUIol
1Y: for and against

__ 2
I Inmyoplnion, ulevi.ionin mycountl;'I6gtMntllyv.ry~ad. There 8,.., many r."~r19 for thl~. Flrot of all. the p~rammeG D'" afao I:>ad ,\u.lity.'IV comp~lIIeGju.twant to make '" much 8' money a' po&&I~Ie. eo they Ju,t make chosp programme., lUre '1ulz .howo Dnd music proQrammee. Even when they ~howup. 6OO<i p~r"mm e, they k.ep IntelTUpting I,,";.h "dver'tleem.I11>6.1 ,,100 h"teit when they Interrupt with 8 good b8ekeWail or footi>all ""'teh to .how 8dve~.mertI<I ior th. IIOIJp f'O'vd.r. the,.., i5 too much ..;o!ence on telovi!>ion.which hDu b8d jnftu.n~ onv;c" ........ 'p"c .. 11y 8""young pearle. They often ,how 5Cett.. ... of vIOlence J""t to Q"" good Dudlenco "ting!l. Finally,snother thing who I thln~" very ~a" ar" the talk programme" people who they talk for houn> arc very ~ad.1 think the ooIY"'Dythll1g&,,;1I improve i. If the gMrnmettt makee the 'IVcompenle, cue dOl'ln th. nurnber ef LJDvcrti5e:mcnt5. Theycould lIleocncouragc them to show mar. good p~"'mme ..
rrlvuh:
--~ __ 4
__
__
'r\! channels. __ \\1.... have :I ~n;al vr chon or\\ h~1Ito \\ .1I(:h.
5
6 7
2 There arc :1 great number of n' Ch.U1Jlc:l~today; __ . the M.u\d.u'd o(!he programmes is ,bOOt lite <:Ime on oil 0( them.
j T\' l...an df'ecth'c \\"".t)' ur ccJu{;.ttlng people. __ II i.<I (.ilC;;lp.
--~
__ __
10
II
1.40_.
12
13
lot 0( hiJ.!,h quality prcgramrnes on 1V __ . nature progr.lIlunl'~ "1\' beautiful [0 watch and very IUh:n:f.OLing,
J
I think that mere are
14 15
5 __
, I believe people \\ .I..-!C Ihclr
fn.. 'c Link'if lllf..-')t \\all.illV. ~'C.'Unf.ll)'.

1'\' gh,,~ people 3 fal!'wCIrnJ)f\. ..... 'KW'I .Ioo..n real life.

5 For questIons 1-15, read the text again and look carefully al each line. Some of the lInes are correct and some have a word that should nOI be lhere If a line is correa, put a tlek (,I). If a line has a word whICh should nol be there, write the word.
124
Unit 14
6 The student uses the words good and bad far too often. Replace these words \-\Jith alternative words from
Opinion composition
A good composition has the following features. It uses an appropriate style of language (formal or serru-forrnal). The ideas are organized in a logical way. It is organized into clear paragraphs. It has an introduction and conclusion. It uses a good range of grammar and
the box below.

Interesting poor exciting
ntg;aTI.... e orlgillal
10\\'
dull horhlg hiJ;{h
well-made inlag:in!ltive irrit:1ting
7 Work with a partner and dscuss the advantagesand disadvantagesof television.Which of the points below do you think are advantages.and which are disadvantages?Divide them into two groups. then add
your own ideas.
II brings the world into our living room. II makes people envy the lives of others. It allows governmems to get their Int.'Ss:!,t.' across. lt ~ivt:~ Information on ~l lol of $ub;...-ct..;.
vocabulary.
It uses appropriate linking word.s and
expressions.
11mllueoces what people think. lr educates people. 11doesn't require much effort to watch it. II brtngs you CIO."t:f (0 other people.
8 Now write your own answer to the question opposite.
What point is this cartoon trying to make about the media? Do you agree?
Discuss what you think is good and bad aboul your country's media.
125
15
The end of intelligence?

Future forms (1): future simple, going to, present continuous, present simple
Reading
1 De<:idewheU'er these statements about the luture are true Of la1se.
~1.achll1es will one day be more huclllgcru than human beings.
2 ~'I:lchin~,,,iJ1 one dny be our masters.

3 l~obOts with human intelligence will he common in 50 veao. 4 Machineswill destroy the human I:I(;C nne dar.
2 NOw read the texl and check your answers,
The End of Intelligence?

'\Vill lluM.:hine s ever be 111(lC\:ifllClligcnl than hUlnanS'!The children. they will st."el:(Ileir independence.l-pJ answer is clearly, yes!' So began a leemre given lasr Neither MorJvec nor warwick is writing about (he IHouth 10 the British Association for the AtivIlJlcCITU!1I1of distant future, thousands of Ycaf)' Irom now, They bUlh Science by Professor Kevin \V(If\vick Of Reading ;SCI seem 10 believe thai. U~ ~roravcc PUI.!') it. 'Robers with S Unhtc.rsity. human Intelligence wilt be common within 50 years'. or as Scending like amad scientist lsom a bad movie, Professor \Varwick cluirus. mecblucs that tire more Professor \Varwick wcmon to draw some worrying intelligent than humans will be buih 'certainly within the conclusions from his prediction. 'If machines can be made lifetime of our children', as intelligent as humans.' he said, 'then that's really it for ); Arc aUthe people working in computers mad? to tbc human race,' b J I 11,C nmchines will take over I I Is there any reason LObelieve these ;uX) either dc. ... troy us or rorce u:-.10 lead ;1 stave-type predictions? AI present.' warwick claims, 'we can make existence, People who say it will never happenarc not tin exact copy of the bruin end intelligence of some more being realistic.' ' primitive forms. for example insects, \Ve can also create AI fini't glance, uus lookslil:e the fantasy of n mae who 40 nnificial animals " vith their own individual betmvlocr I> hasspcnll()() long with toy robots nnd has lost touch with patterns. for example Inking on n more defensive or aggressive role.' reality. I# I For perhapsthe most worrying thing about his views on the future ()f robots and the human race This $O\II\ds Impressive. bUI what does it mean in i!l> thm many other people working in artificial intelligence practice? F@f 1 \Vhen you move towards them, (hey do not think such views are particularly eccentric, 4S will run away, nnd when 'he 'threat' is gone, they will go lO A few )'cun; ago. Hans Moravec. the director of the back again to what they were doing before. ie charging Mobik Robot Laboratory in Pinsburgh, published a book about randomly, Interesting. certainly, but it looks like a culled Mi"d Chitdren.(_ijl I Hc also predicted that long step from mere 10 world domination. IaU. I robots - the children of our minds - will be able 10 Are there any more convincing dernonsumlons of the develop more quickly than we can LOrace the enormous ;0 intelligence and pcwcr of the 'mind children'? wen. next 25 challeogcs in the larger universe, \Ve humans "<ill benefit summer. at the world Robot Championships to be held at for u time from their work. but sooner or later, like natural the ROYill Ccncen Hall in GI:JsgO\". we sha11 perhapssec.
te
126
Unit
15
3 Seven sentences have been rern<>Yed from the text. Choose from the sentences A-H the one which f,ts
each gap 11-7) Thefe IS one extta sentence which you do not need to use.
r\ nUl II' Pru(I".""(1( \t.It\\i(,.~ i... mad, tbcn so are a 1(14
1 Complete these sentences using the correct futut. form of the ve<bs ,n bradets. Thefe may be mo!l! than one possrbo.ty.
Do )"O\Ilhink lhe
(3,.__
(qan) If IUlm un Ih~ (~....:))'OU n~'(1

(f..II)!
Ijotnlllc.JiO? 2 r\ e ~l( 10 j(o now, hut I __ wcvk. OK?

3 Look uUI! Th':l1 l.Jddcr __
tI
ot hi, ~:()Ik.-nSt:u~ B Childf\!n in trw 21~l ccuturv m:,y have rheir l"C)hCH In hl'lp uut "Ilh homework.
C Or do Ihe-)' knn\\ '1o,nclhing
\VC
0\\ I)
1114.,:Y
3.1)
Iht' \\c:lthcr __
(geu worse in ~hc 0"-':\1
1'4..'\\' <1:1)',.. ,
(Ion'l?
I) In h he pn.. 'di('lcd the coming of the robot age and
~ '1 __ buy
6 lhl'
"'I
(be) ;1pilot when I grow up, ":lid tht.!lu!c.'

Ir.lln __ (1I.::a\'4:) in five minutes - let' .. ).tu!
.he end uf 'hc

F
IHIII1.lIl ril(,.C.
J::: 'l1ll,' h:utl1), 1)Qo.C iI ,hl\-';u te

[I lnc~n ..Ih.1t\'(urwiek
tlw
lllih;.-d StIlt: .. AnllY
and his ream have buill

~
U:-. '\ C
..... ven lin) ruhcn:-. named .Iier Snow \X'llite and tbe
"'",',","1)\\ ;uf... , G 11i.~, il.~\ I'" ,h.1! II 'tOInelhiog it;; "UIX--oor (0 \\ ill not be: lUI" dc~ on t.:uth :t1l)"'lOfC. H ~Ict',ln\\hlk: "c. (heir Jl-",:d 1);.lR..."1lb. \\ill
\/u"', Icl'~Inok:u the (ilnl'table \\1,. __ (:In'I\~) fn Rut"!..'at 6, J; and 'VI.! __ (dcpan) .11 7.30 for t\;lph.:.... \\'l' __ fpl...o) 10 buy a new hC)U'o4,.4~n)t1inh:1111"
'CJ.f, (Jill the
(Clrl)')
r"de 'I\\~)"
') ,'()U __
10 I __
tum if VQUdu.fl "!Iud" nltH\_'. (flo:.< l)'J.g..~ f()( )'ou; Ihl.YnlU~ bt-
\ l~ 111:.1\
v.
Grammar
Future forms (1): future simple, going to, present continuous, present simple
You use the future simple
(will + Infinitive): for future facts, We'll celebldle our 50th anniversary next year.
2 Complete these sentences us'ng the C()(,ect (utu,.

form of the verbs ,n brackets, There may b. more than one pO$$,bihty.
"ou \\';&I\L 10 meet a friend for lunch. "Uti phnn her lind ';')': \Vh.n __ (do) on \'\ ~dncl'(.L') .u
ooe n'( lot'kr' 2 \'0\1 luok :n the dark __ .'(ruin)
;\ Y~III lunk
ctouds
in Ih.: ... k)r, '1 11Unl,

~h.l\c) (our
for predictions or expectations.

I chInk I'll get D plomo"on in the summer.
hun ) ()UI' fUH,In:,'1__
(.'hlltlI'\,'I) ,
Yuu h.1\I,.' lk..-ddl....od to gu to halv tor )'()ur h4llid.I)''' """'1 ) ear \, c __ (go) II:Jly nev '>01I"lIl'r.
for decisions about the future made at the time
of speaking.
rn hall(' tl><> SOIJP (0/ starters. and then the dlicken
YOU use going to .. Infinitive:
~ Your Incnd Ius
for predictions based on pre-sent knowfedge. Be c8",(I11toot c_s gomg to rofIap5<!' for decisionsor plans about the future made
3 rwo-moeab-old nlll to .1 IXU1}. YQU .1...J<. '''\'\110 __ t ... h))O
h:;lh) ;U'I(1,.. ~nUl~ tluu" .1(I.T) Ihe
(l "('1'0 \\Jnl (0
"'I
before the t,me of speaking.

I'm gomg to IIMt. a lot of people to my parry next week You use the ptesent continuous: for actions or events In the future that have already been arranged. I'm meeting my bank ~rnlger tomorrow morning
g
find out :lhOUI(r.nn.. In ~IJnl'hc'll'"r \1 II",' l'n(llItnc." t1l'~k}ou ask, '\-0..." __ ). (k:-.. \ ..., Your (rit:nd to drh ing \c1) (a."tL Sttlkk-nl".1 ~'l'f) ;If'lf'k..".lro; on your s,de of lilt;: ~Id lie 1,:'lt...(\lI" \'''l'
__ ! (cr.I!-oh) p.iI.).. ~'our 1')Jg," ~Ind ~o .Jngril)' to rhe door. 11'", till O\'l'r. \'otl <;ay,'TI1:tt'1)it! I __ !' (h,',I\':)
,'uu
9 You ~el' ~lll1l.'()nl"(';lnyinA:1 kll of p:lrct"ll' u)'il'l).!In ,Ltl.1 into thl' lire '\~:Iil :1 tninUL"-', I __ (npen) Ih... 10
dOlll' (or )'0\1.' Yn~1 :u\.' del(,.'t1Hint..'lllt) pass rhe eX;HU nt',\t lin)\;', 'I __ (pJ~) cxanl. t_'\cn if h kill,"! rll... r
You use the pres~nt simple: for scheduled or fixed events.

The foorball march srOllS ar rhree o'clock on
Saturday.
127
* The end of intelligence?

Vocabulary and Speaking
A
What to do when you don't know the Englishword for ..,

In the exam you may \vant to talk about something you don't know or have forgotten the English word for, such as an object in one of the
photographs.
First of aU, don't panic! Vocabulary is onty one of the things the examiners give you marks for and you won't fail the exam if you don't know a few words. Ask the examiner for the word. or try to describe and explain what
the object is. Here are some questions and expressions you (an use,
Is it all riglll if I askyou for a word? Could you tell me what the word for this is in tng/ish? What is this called In tnglish? I'm sorty. I don't know what""" call tltis in Engfish, I ,an't remember rile word for this rhlng on rite left/right. Irs a sort of/kind of .., (too!. musical insrrumenV Il's something we use for ... (rnendmg rhe car) 11'5one of those things we use when we .. (go on holiday. have It's somerhing we use in ,., (tile house) You fllld things like t/lis in ... (an office) It looks (a bit) like ... fa spoon)
a babJr.
'-----
1 Match eachof thesesentenceswith one of the objects in the picture.

tr's one of those things they used In use for telling die thuc. 2 It looks :1 bit like a box on legs. 3 n's n kind or tool we usc ft)r pullin,g out nails. 'I You find (hing$ like this with computers, hut T'n1 ,lO( SUI'C: what it's used for.
2 Work with a partner, Chooseone of the objectsand describeit. Can your partner guesswhich one you are describing?
Scienceand technology
3 Complete this tabte.
n0111) (Subjl)
noun (person)
adjective
science
inve-ntive
1,,;0108)'
psychology
philosopher
computer programmer
_j
128
Unit
15
4 Use words lrem the box to label tit. pi<tuteS below vldeo recordc.-r ptkJlOCOplet fa..," machine tape eecceeee rnodcm camcorder word peocessor an'\\\'C1']'>ho~
Listening
1 Before you Il5ten, underfine the key words questoon
In each

2
...
people talking in six different shuatlons For questions 1-6. dhoose the best answer A. B or C.
Gil You WIll hear
You t~:tr 1\\'0friends tulkfng. \X'hc;rt: nrc 1111 .y? . A In an otlice H In n n:M.lur;UH C in cue of the frtcnds' IlO11)c
iNff
! Ll~l""10Ihi' jountalisl Vollkinlt 10a weman on the phone. \\"1)" tu~ the joumalis; phoned 11 .... , \, OIn.'ln' \ Ih: \\ ;tnts
~~ru~ IIl'QI"I'JX):tioll 3bom
her.
n Th4.: \\Onl.Ul k:no\\:.> someone

C 1tc \\ arus her to "Tile an 3rtKie j '(M.Ibear a manager talking to 1\;.ll"'On Tbe manager
A 0(1'c,,, .\1i"l:o> Peln.ol'l
OJ
al
joI) .Ipplk.lnt .\I~
Now label this picture using the words in the box.

~;II dl"ipl:I)' uun screen kc)'board printer D1QUSC Ilnppydl-.kdi~kth'I"~ printout
SOf11e cofT, 11.Ipol(,~b:.cs10 suss Pearson. C ul'ok-.: ... 1i.....1'.... 'r50n 10 \V'Jil on the next Iloor.
..j
I.J ..I v,.., tl) thl .. man lalkitij! about J.,'tJiI1H 10:1 1').;111)'. \Vhal 11'> hi.. n:laliotl,..hip wuh th c, 1~'CNo) A H",used to know Ilt:c \\ ell. I) 'll1l-~'have met a (l)Upk.- of tinlf"'\ C 'nle}~at\:Nr.ln~. ;;)
S 1.1."''''-'11 10 th~man 13lklng. 10 a bo)' C21k:d PciCf \\lLu ~ the man's job? A II... a an examiner. il U He l.. ;1 Oc,u"",. C H~ ....an "phdll) 6 Yuu heal' I\VU colleagues in an office. \X'h.lfis rhc "'()IHan'~ probklu? A She I1C(''d~ help with a report.
U She canrsu find her di:tl).
,f.'!
C She h:1~:111 urgelll job 5 Work with a partner. Explaltl what three of the pieces 01 equipment In the photographs above do.
II allotJ'$ .1"-.111 U, ~('iI" ,,,jonuatloll
(0
do.
dmrn the
11'hplHIIlf'
fiue Iron,
Ollt' ,"t.JlllpuU'r to ("'(Jllter. (modem J
129
* The end of intelligence?

Vocabulary
Phrasal verbs (review) E.xampractice: Use of English, Part 3
1 For questions 1-8, complete the second sentence so that k has "ma.r moanin9 to the first sentence, usil'g the word given. 00 not change the word given. You must use between two and five words, Including the word given. TIle II1QI1'ICIH 11'1"'"):Ick I liked hint.
10
Words often confused like be like look like would like
2 Complete these sentences usin9 the correct form 01 one of the verbs above.
\\;'hal __ the: concert __ ? 2 I think you __ )'OUr (allier: )'OU,C11-01 hi, nose.
, __
)'OU
)'00 __ were
YOUDg?'
10 be ;) Jl1iJlionalrcl
rou __ 1 J')I:lylnHwhen
.. \Vh:lI kind or games __ 5 \~h:tI __
vour
mother __
6 'rhey __
to buy a ncw hOUM! hUI Ihe), can't

tht.: people In your counlry __ I
\~'hcn I S:l\V J:u;:k
utm
1111111Cdl.ltcly. 2 l:am goln8

(0
afford it. 7 \Vh:11__
StOPsmoking
smokfllg
up
I'\'C dccklctJ
like above.
as
sentences using one 01 the word.
3 dude the exam came __
3 Complete ~ lie ,v:aJ.k:, __

2 TIle: R:SUllSof
3 The)" like bee eo mucb lbey gave her .he job.
on
n,C)' dl.-ddctllo Ih'1' liked her ,"0 much. because
a ~urpri,<
10
of Could )'OU come and gel me when I 2JTh e :11the a1t'J)on1

t
mo. 3 __
we were looklng tlJ):u the !tk) we ~a,\ a
comet.
4 'rh:n sounds __ a true SI0'1'.
5 __ he hadn't revised for the: exnm, he couldn'l inlcrCSllIlltt hut ~Ihil
up
Could ),()U come and I arrlve at the :lirponl when
A M:crctllty
spends
II
lot of time \vrillnJ.!, Icltc~.

:1 sccrcl:a_r)"~
answer the quesuon. 6 f would describe the filnl __

long.
ul> \~l'il 111M IcHeN
ume.
(, TIle temperature nJU:.'have risen again loday.
7 \Vh:u l:tyour reacher __ 1 g I \vork __ :1 \y':iIilcr in n big restaurant

work __
:t
and I
dog!
up
The temperature must _
again
'-r
7 Wh) don't rou return the bulty goods to the ;hopl
bock
Wll)' tlun', )"ou to the
shop'
g Try nOl 10eh(_-ckthe meaning of every word in the dICtk,n:try. lip

shouldn't \Yurt.! in the dlctlouary.
"Uti
evcl")' new
$~Ia:;...~._
._ ....-
-.------
...
130
Unit
15
Speaking
Exam practice: Personal information
1 In Part I of the speaking =m, you will be asked qucslions like the ones below. Match the questions in list A to their answers in I~l B.
/I. I \Vh:Il's it like living hcn.:? 2 \,(/h:1I is your (lither like? 3 ~ hat duel! he look Uk-c'
of \'(
Use of English
1 f<>r questions I-IS, read the text below and think of the word which best ms each space. Use only one word in each space. What is the Internct?
The Internet in computer science is nn HJX..'fl imercco-
hal doce rour home/fl.n look like?

would you like co dO in the (Ulun::? do you like doing ill your Cree Iln1c? ou like :a~:a chUd? kind Qf fihn.~ do )0\.1 like? C()tIlHI')' would )OU n10:-' like lO v;:iil?
5 6 H 9 B
\~Ihal \X'h:tt \\ h;u ,\ h:u \X/h:lt
",en: ~
nc(.1iun or ilCC"Ork.ti lh:u enables connected computers (0 communscne t!1rcc..-c.lr. <I> __ b a tdobal. public Internet and m-;tnremaller, 1()C:11 net'\'ork~. In 1996 there (2) __ "bout 30 1111111041 computers connected via the lntemet. One Impomnl '\C1'\1ce a",...ibhk (3) __ the public b
E'nl:liI (or electronic nml), which ;J.JJo,,~a message to
(4) __
sesu frmu One computer to one or more
3 I like wesrerns and IhrUJcr.",

h I enjoy goin).t for Ions; walks and going out in the
evening wuh Ill)' friends. c tic's '2 bil ,-;allerdun me and 11(:" gO( d:&rkcr h.1ir. d I'd iove 10 ItO to theU~. c I'd like In :o-Iudycomputer programming. II'''' quite hnrhlg for rUling people ...tbcrc'e ncihmg 10 do in the evening. ~ I wae verr n.lughty and .ahv:aY$ ~ot told off by the
reachers,
(5) __ computers. Onc unique [ealure of &nl:IJl i~ the """ibilil}' II !.Ii'.'" group (6) __ people Wllh common intc,:.n,::,c to loin a lUJiling Ibt nnt! automatiC":llly receive (7) __ same Inau. The \VorkJ \\7idc ~rcb:tISO:.110"s USCf"I( In create all(.! \L"('" docuntcob (II) __ :I~ link~ aC"r'OM tbe Jrucrnet 10rcrm :In cnd1~~eupply O( information (9) __ alnlosl :In)" subjecr under rhc I'IUI\. If you are connected to the ltucmet. )'ou (10) __ lind paniall:lr Infonn~don or ju~ browse.
2 Work with a partner and ask and answer the questions
h It'S quite modem :lnll is painted whlte. I lie') ''C:f}' quiet :and "crr uttelllgent.
The Internet condnoes (II) __ grew tit abo\u :a roue: or ien per ecru 111()rCUSC1'Sn )'cnr.1t is betieved Ih;!t
(12) __ 2000. then: \\tUI he alie;L)t 100 mllllon people (13) __ lhe system That II1C:Ins100 million
people (I'() __
(J S) __
within seconds, be able to conmct
other
\0 J;C.l an() elmre trucrmsuon
anywhere in lhe- \\'urld .
What dofwould you use the Inlernet for1 What effects will the Internet have on our lives?
.-
==
131
The eoa of intelligence?

r_
--~-- - -_ -_
- -__,
Speaking
~',"ote COntrol robot

1 Wort with a panne< and SOlve the prOblem below.
'tU\1 .Iud rUtlr I);lltnl.:l'\VOI~ part-
ume in a 1<)) ~). Yuur ho... s h..... given you ~I 1.-ar.:IJogUl'~cUingIO)'~ .uld _g;;lnb. IIe h.l~3""", ... d )")\1 Iu chuc)Sc Ih".'\..' of Ihelll In .'>t"U in the shnp. \Vuh lOUT 1).I"n(.'r. dCCide \\hiLillhn.. c \,"auld be 'no'l
fl'lS')ll(;u wnh (.11ilclrt'fl II) your (''()untry
DISCUSS these
questIOns.
\"OI.n \\ .... }'()ur f:hOurilt_- ro) w hcn

)'UU\\l."f\.' r(lllng~,,,
How hav v chllclrcn-s ICJ)'Sch'ln~I,._"(1 ill "OUT 'if,:W1l\.-? \\;11;tI kil\l.b, of 10)'l'>.In,: U1C)~1 popubr at (h4.'InonU.'I1I' \\'1h:1I \\'ill be lilt" tHUSI COnll1lQIl I) pt" of ro)~ rn rhe r\Uun..?
t er .pacd eun
132 I
_IL.--
Unit
15
Writing
Exam practice: Report
A good repen has the followIng f.atures.
It answers the question and contains all the relevant information. It is written in a style that is appropriate to the reader. It is well organited and often has headings to m~ke the contents clearer. It has Dn introduction and a conclusion. It uses a good range of grammar, vocabulary
2 Wroteyour ,.port. USIngthe information and the plan below Try to use SOffl(' of the """,essioos in the box Inlrt1dt~1k)O ~)' "it)' )"0\1 are
"Titint! lhis repott. whar
inronll.ltl()n
lite t\:port iocll.tdc:!.aoo bow rou got ,he
infonn.llion
why lhey
The uX)C!ot popular toys and games Give cxtllupll..'.'t of the best games and
are 1)U1)\1I.lr.
:'!>.ly
'1'1'1.: lC'd'll popular toys and games Glvc examples of these and ':;:1)' why they :U'C no)
ptlrntlar.
Cont,.'hl,tol1!' SUllun.irlzc Ihe 1't::'lIh~ of the SlII'VC)' anti ~h e )'uur
0\\ n
and expressions.
1 ReadthIS QUes~onand look at the poctures from the speakIng task "ou work 10J IUl.II In)" ..hop ;Jnd your boss has .1.4(.'<1 rou 10 find out \\ hich lOy~omd p.mes ere nUN poputu Jud \\ h) \'{'rltc.";' report d"''''''rlhtn~ II".. ' (0)'.... and bow popular' Iht..y nre, "",n,: Ihe mforruauon below. You can also add ) OlU 0\\ n Idc.l~ .ll1d ~>pini()n .... \~'ritc:between
110 :lnd tHC)worcl ..
opirlion,
g;i1UC>
Rc.."'4.'(',Unl(.'''Iltinions '\..t)' \\'hlCh 10)~ and hi....hop.
your bee, ~ould ~(:)(".k In
r
I
Useful language
11>1$ is d fP(XXI about ...
~ ,.port is ba$ed on The aIm 01 the report ;s ...

Tho most popular toys ""'I(> ... X was less popular than _._ The least popular game was ... 50100 children were keen on ... Nearly all the children felt ... Many chJ/drlN)thought ...
--~
Toye ~;"'-gamee: Reeulte of 6urve~
~uml>erof children keo: 50
~06'
popular '<7,1& _nd game.
'<emote conlrol rooa; (22'l.) _ o.D<TIputer 40", (19'4) -. Monopoly (17"1.)
Theshop should ""'ke sure ...

It would bo.. good IdeiJ ro .
t wooIdrecommend ...
.as.popular wye _00

~<7,I gun" '11'4) , Doli. Howe (9'1.) ~ Sna\ce& lind udd.n;
game.
(51.)
Comment6 from chl\drtln
never g~ oareo wleh remote control wy5: "II my family like plDylne MOnopoly:
. with rr..< guns Put my 615ter,;ay& it will IlK. PIDy'"g -,. .".~. m. more violent Mo.n I groll( up.
II
~'-"ore 1& really olofashioned: 'Snake& 811" 1411'",(.1 ..

'A. .olr. hou~ ,. only for littlo kids:
----133
16
Good luck,bad luck

Conditionals (1): zero. first and second

1 Work with a partner. Whal do
)'Ou know about me
superstitions surfoundlng the lhings in the photographs? 2 Read the text qu,ckly and check your answers,
A HRI AK.I~G A \11RKl)l(
I The
superstition that if you break oil mirror, you will have seven years' bad luck, cernes from the belief In
.,!'\
ancient limes that n PCI'llU':' reflection was part of their soul. As a result, people used to think th.,t if
~ you broke anything with thi~ reflection on it. such mirror, you would hurm the "i()\11.
101;8hl, will bring you bad luck. However, in some cultures n black cal is thought ro bI,'l' ~oodomen rathe Ih,," " bile! one.
l) lUI I-lR10F'SDI~I S5
I'
d.)
B TJflRTE[:'\
In most hotels.ill over the world. you will not find a room with the number thlrtt.~n. and if the hotel is.l :;~peT. it will go from floor twelve to floor III fourteen. The superstition tlhlt thirteen is unlucky can be traced back to <l Scc'Hh.Hllavi"n myth. There were originally only twelve gods and then along carne the god Loki to mnke thirteen. Loki \"05 Jl nusclucvous god who bl'Oughl ~ur(~rit1g to people, 1\ No\vadays, people avoid planning important events on Friday 13th (or TU('8c!.lY13th in some cultures), and j( things go ~"I'\)r'~on th.lt ..r.ly, like the loss o( cl wallet Ora key, they blame it on the date.
C (" .\TS
There are -orne customs connected wlth the marriage ct.rcmon}' which go back thousand of years. When the bride pubon her white dres5.' ..he i", \\'C,lrin_g the colour of the Greeks, ,,'hi('h ~pn"Cnt., purity and mooccnce. Like a modem bnd e, the .,nci('nl Creek brid worea veil and a CI'O\\'1\ .md \\'ol:t carried ever the threshold by the groom. On th\.'di'l)' ..he gets married, it
c;
womnn is ... upposed to wear '",c)lncthinS old, something
\'\ new, something borrowed anti !:tOlncthin~blue'. Blue in the rhyme stands for truth,
I
tucr
.'U
Cab have always been surrounded by euperstirion ... In ancient Egypt Colts were considered sacred, but in medieval Europe Dlany people believed cats were witches in disguise. A popular !'oupcr~titionabout cats is th.,t a black C;H, crt)~liiI\Syour path iron) Iclt,
III certain primitive tfioc'S th\. '1('t ur eating rice together \\PJ ... rh,-""'ay people 80t marrted. Thl-loO was probably bau'\.e c:lling together symbolized li\'ing together and ricc happened to be the 1.,1/,>0<1. In >ome cultures riO! I" IhM\\'1l a' weddings to protect Ihe-couple from evil "'pnit .., It was believed that c, II :tplrits appeared at udillt-;> and had to be fed to keep them (min doing
l,,..
1\
hi'Tn, to the newlyweds, Rico is ,)1'"0thrown itt

weddings because it represent .. rl'rtilhy find is it symbolic of wishing the couple nu\ny children.
"'.,y
/34
Unit
16

3 fOt questions 1-13. choose from Ihe SupefSlollonsA-G Some of me superslillons may be chosen more Ihan once When more than one answer is reqUlfed, these may be glvon 1M any order.
\~Ilh.:f.~uPt'l-:'litiun or "UpetMlli()(l.":
F TIIHVII
1\1
Itl SOIOC Mcditcrrclnttiln countries, the 'evil eye' refers

to the fActthai i( you S.1y something good about' someone, you nlight bring them b..d 1uck. This probably be~.n when people believed thai if you pralse someone ;1 lot and gtvc them pleasure, the devil becomes envious and finds ways of spoiling i1ul pleasure. S.'ylns a beby b beautiful may bring b.ld luck, so ,upcr<lillOllS people often pretend 10 be 'I"tting and soy 10 tbc child Let me nol give you the evtl eye: P""plc .1", Ihink they can protecl themselves (rom lhe wol eye by nOI boasting about theIr success,
C l(lUlIIINC. '''()()I)
I-. lo du with l-tcllin,s:.In:u'rkd?
In\'oh c v ,1 "[lI.--'Ciflc period of b~d~lu;;.C;.:~.:..( __ ~1=ri:;I==i

hl\()h~ .. "':lrin~ "'Ooll.-1hing? .~rj-:---r=;::==~ in\oh c-:, J)C'Upl\.* \\.:al'in~ SOI'lll.1hing? I In\'01\ c \'OUr lund'! J ~ In\uh\. In ;'4.udCIlt?
I I
t
J>t."OPk: k."'q') llV c..""".'flUr.I~"(.':lt I)l."upic to be oxxk. 1? in\'()h , ....throw iog rood at '"'lITleone-" 4.:.ln3(fC:C.t Iftlp.,'1dOI <13):"0 In rour hie:'
nlOl11
\\ all.Iffn I "hk:h
I :J !
I 4,
I
In
In many Christian coururtes, 'Touch
,,,00<1' is a
In\'oh~ un OIninr.ll!
..-upcrstitious c).prl~ioll that is supposed to prevent bad luck. Ofl('1'1people "(tually touch wood as they
'('IY it, and if there is nothing made of wood within
4 find words in Ihe ,exllhal mean:

- rl'~)1I1 ;1 IOIlU ume :lgO
(part
A)
reach, they touch th!... if head 01' someone else's head in:tt~."ld. If SOIl\i,!oc)I\C J~k, 'J Iave you ever had a eflr accident?', you 1l1ight ~})ly'No. touch wood.' meaning ') hope it never happens.' The origin of this .:u-Stolndales ahno:H certainly from the lime when people were .. cNclO\: made of wood a 00 touched it as if 10 .. ,y '\1.y Chrisl protect me:
:111 inl;lHt' )'OU sec in :1 mirror 01' water (pan i\)
b~u_ll)r behaved (p.tn B)
- dn-... "'d :.",... ()nlC..""()ll~ else (pan C) u "I~nth,u~om("h.n~ isgoingto happen in It~
(p " CI
- b1Illl). d'II11.I~l' (pan
r""_ltt"
f)
- ,,~.tl(Ju'"cpart 1')
10 ..1(", MJonlcthiJ1J! frocn happening
(PJn
G)
135
"*
Good luck, bad luck
Speaking
1 Work with a partner. Ask and answer these questions,
Which of you is more superstitious?
How superstitious are you?

Would you sleep in a hotel room numbered 2 Would you be happy to sit for an important 13? exam on Friday 13th?
.,
would you avoid walking under it?
3 Would it be important
for you to have a 'white wedding'?
4 Have you ever said. 'Touch wood'?
5 00 you ever cross your fingers as a sign of good luck?

6 If there were a ladder on the pavement,
7 00 you believe that if you praise someone too much, you might bring them bad luck? ., 8 How would you feel If a black cat crossed your path just before you went in to take
...;;n important exam?
* * , .,
*
Grammar
Conditionals (1): zero. first and second
You form the zero conditional with if + present. You form the second conditional with if + past, +
+ present. You use the zero conditional to talk about general truths, habits or routines. If it's raining. she takes the Clfr to V.lOrk. You use ;1 + present. + imperative to give
jnstructions or advice.
would + infinitive. You use the second conditional:

to talk about an unlikely or imaginary situation and its probable result in the future, /( I won the lottery, I'd give up my job,
\0
/( the phone rings while I'm our, ignore ,t. You form the first conditional wlth ;( + present. + will + infinitive. You use the first conditional to talk about a likely situation and its probable result In the future, /( I get pay rise, I'll go on a cruise down the Nile,
give advice.
If I were)'QU, I'd tell him how you feel
1 Finish these sentences using the zero, first or second conditional. J If )'0\.1 press the switch, . 2 If )'()II C".Ha IOl of chips ....
3 If you smoke .... 8 I( 1 wanredto make :1 lot o(tIlOOCY, ... 9 If )'0\1 wnm to be: Invited to 105 of P~1l1i~, ... 10 If you wann .. ed to Jose wclgtu, ... 11 Tf you break ihar mirror. ,.,
4 If I drank LOU IIlLICh alcohol, ... ; If your loolh hull....... 6 If yuu need some money ... 7 If you warn to do well :11 $:hc)(>I, ... 136
12 If )'OUwufk under a ladder, ... 13 If 110:'1rny ioh, '"
Unit
16
2 Work with
a part net' and discuss these moral dllemm.~.

'0'
Spoken English
In spoken English. people often use: very common verbs. eg do. get pur.
filler words
muff Sly.
01
\X'hal would )'OU do if
I . )00 found;lo .lnlique on a budding "Ih,," 2 .,) ou koe ..... \ lh.u a cla..snenc u( }"Ours had be ... 1\
'.'Sf:
~Ic:lling money (ron, ocher stutknli?

;} .. )'ou were h.l\jng t"lble In a Ie'"
sounds, eg you see, er, well.

I
and the
empty expressions. og !Mre you go nyway. contr~ctions. 09 it's, I'd. we're. simple (oniunctions. eg so,bu~or.
In\'I~llalor 1t-'(l1hemom (or 3 few minutes? J "your be... 1 friend asked you to \\'hbl)Cr the l'()f'I'C'('( :1I~\\'el'S in ~111 hl1PQrt:lI11L"x:lInin:llion? ; ,...ocnconc Iri..-d 10 hllch :J lifl In rour cat 01\ U (lui....country r03d? () )OU knL",\' .1 friocncJor )OUI~ " ..rs i.tkrng d"lJ4'!~
7 you \\'\:I'C on holid:l)' ubrcad :111(1you los nil
3 [3 Some of the features above h."" been left out 01

this text.
Listen
y(w,lr mtlOey'
and complete the text.
\\-ell. t ,\ ouldn-' "'1)' I 1\"1..... upe1s{1tiou.:,\.",(3C1ly
Listening
, Work wIth a partner. reU your partner .f there" ~mething that you think brings you good luck before or durtr19an eX<lm
Exam practice: Part 3 2

[3You 'IIIU
(I) __ ... er .. therearc~nc Ihintt~ like ... cr ... \,(Icll, IeI':; (2) __ it (hi:-. "lily: if l S4.."1: ;, ladder on Ih~ p.\\ clnt."f1I. I lend to :1\'oid II I U) __ sly. hut "'hy? (4) __ ' hard 10 ""l' really whether It'S supcrsdrton (;) __ something 1:1:,.:, I don't know. I ,'>\I:-'I'X"{I it's gOl ..:()nlclhin~to (6) __ wnh nOI \\'3nlln~ 10 get a pOI of pairn on mr bead, l suppoee' lt's not re:Jlt) 3 I11JU<'''1 0( bcltc:'\"ing in ~pc....... iliol\. (7\ __ Inu('h .l<i:l logi(.;:11 rC':u;1ion10 :, p:lt1icul:lr
stueuksn. (8) __ . sorncnmes IhL'f'C jusl isn'l \,Iu_)u~h roosn on the pa\etnCnl to (9) __ uflfokr the I.u.kler \vilhout knocking It over So)'OU go found it. II~ only COntino" sense, IN'I't II?
hear fwe people talking about suPerstitions. Choose from the list A-f a sentence which match<!s each speaker use the letters 0A1y once. There IS one extra letter which you do not need to use.
..nu the :o-\lf'I't.'1"'.,ulion A tic sheI~ \\ hen he ~hc
\\'.1. ... )"'_'Ul~
Sp\:.tkcl' 1 lJ H..I.;he Iklk--\ c..... he be~ :,4.'ft .. ,tll e.
14[.
!-o.: l'IUSl
Src,,!{cr 2
~ ~! I
D
C He/she became ~Iperc.lilious
on a uip Jb""ld.
Speaker 3 Ih:lsh~ dlsugrees S((Unl-tlr with J J)~lrtk.'lll.lr ",upcn;tlliun Sr,.:.lker -l 11"I,,heis onl)' superstitious ~1I"uri: Speaker > .. :r~hlious F FI~ she bee.me~1.lp alier IhinH"rh:u really happened.
I}
n.
"
3 How did you choose your .n$WelS? Which words from
each speaker gave you a cluel 137
* Good tuck, bad luck

Vocabulary
harm hurt damage injure break
Phrasal verbs with make

4 Match the phI asal ve<bs In list A WIlli the" m.anongs In l,st B. Two of the verbs have mo<e than one meanong.
I}
1 Complete t~ sentences using the correct form of one of the words above
1 It \'.I"II(t 111)'fault I didn't mean (0 __ ,tHyunl.' 2 When I __ "I)' unn I had 10have If in pla-.tcr lor
:I IIlOtllh
tnvem
!M..'C
or hear ~llcthillj4:
\\.'Ich
diffic..uh)
j lie wa-, __
In the J.l~tgameund \\ ill ha\ c 10

the rclin;I,\ 01
make uut
tuh ... the (111:11

1 "Irc)l'l~ ~unll~ht C"l1!:-'f..nous.ly __
rOlir C)c ....
form eomc1hlnH write :1 cheque pretend move quickly CO\\ :1I'd, 1X.'CUlllC f'tit"ods lIJ.tuln
~ SlOP l)ullinllll1), h;IU' -11 __ ' () Tn'''1 InC.' .and' promise yntfn ('orne 10 no __ ~ I'm ~r1). Ilhink I \'C __ rour .ILml c.."kx)"
5 Match the sentences in loStA with the sentences in ~S1B
"
g n,c bUII(jIl~\,d_ .. b.ldl)__ by tJ~ fi~ C) n'l"ft. I" .aI\\J} ...a hregu:ud at rhe s''\ITnmlns; puc" In 10
J Two good frklldo;; ;]1\.' nut I.dldnj( 10 ,-':.,,h 04ht....,. l \\e 0l'\.'Cf 10 decidt: \\ Ito i.. ~nSt (0 he ()f1 (he
l."Oclllll.Uc.."'C. ,\ 1\0 cue beheved du: \\i.nlf,. ...... ...-..(01') , I dld"1 want 10 go 10 -.chool )t.~tl-rtl;l\ hl."(.OIu."'CI \\ asn l rcadv foe me (C!'>l. "t I can't prJ,~ in e:l:~h00\\. I'rn ;lrr.dd (, r\~ Icft in)" gl:l)t...~ :11 home. - The R)hlx...-r heard the pclk-e =1!1i\ in~
n.c hurnh
fYrlLe )un: nu onc conK""' 10 an}' __
l.ilk.'tI
1\\0
pt."uple and __
h.'" nlC,,\.'
Phrasal verbs with do and make

2 Match the phras.11verbs In lostA woth their meanings In
lostB.
1\
IJ II need put PO" dee .md en.. vun OIl '-()lnc,hiog f.LSten dhol,", gc1 rid of 1"''';1\ c quickly
thmk. leave an opin.ion J.bcxu :1 C~IJ'1 make our :1 cheque uu..I(..:ld'
do 1I1) In.lk" ~)I do wuh

Itl..lk,- oil 00 \\ .(hout
h h
Olk".";o. (;1( l'
needs to \VVIII~Il.
be made lip of
1\V() IncI\
aud
1\\'0
~: I made Oul 1 \\':I~ ill.
nl;_ln.l(:l" in ..pite 0{ nut h:l\finH
In..".: up tk, .a\\3) \\ith
d I 1.... 10'1 makeout \V'1.3t Ihe ~jgn.... 1)'S. e Shl' prohahl) '"~I(J..:it .1(1 up. f J," I II .tbout tune yoo .:;lliOOI\ h.~nd e :111(1!lUck uj)~ ~ J Ie nude for the door.
3 Complete 111_ sentences USing the cOtrect form of one of the phrasal verbs above.
l \t"h.11 do )'0\1 __
CO\\ J)I'\,';'..... ,
:11)the-e I"lltllOll ....about .\tad

n.... llly
J.
I'll) ~t.11'\ Inj.t.
r could
__
:'()III~lhin.)t 10c;II'
.i
You'[l II.H'c to __ yuur supper tonighr we h:l\'\'n'l ~ot :111)' food .
1)1,.""\';.1 ..1.; v
., I think Illc), bhuulcl __ boxing becau-, e iC,..:'1I...h a tJ.1Ut-terou:-'port. ~ The- Ihk'" __ :1:- soon :1:- he $,'1\\1 the poliC't..'II1;IO cormng. (\ __ )uur i;t~:kt.1- you'll cuch ,,;'Old! , "ll' __ I",'"elf __ before she !-"Cc-. out \vilh hI:,. 1>0, (",'n<I.
138
Unit
16
Speaking
, Work WIth a partner. Do you heve a lucky number? CoIoUJ? Day? Pen? Item of dothing? Tell your partner about ivthem.
3 Belore you bcg1n to \'oInte your answer, make notes USIng the plan below.
I'ar:tgr.lph I lntroductkm 1)0 people in your country ,'Itill
2 Most people today are not influenced very much by superstitions. but .".,
are by Othel thIngs. Tell your partner about the people, things and experiences whICh have influenced your bfeUseI~ rdeas below to help you.
friend~ n:bll\~
h\~licv v in :-upC'r:;.Iltion..J T,y 10 think or an Intcrt."Sling first Hnc

P;Ir.lSr"Jph 2 Gh e some examples of
hc:~
film..
lcac:h<:rs music
(anl('u... p'-'Opk
travel
J.t(xx.I h.~i.; :and lJQd luck :,,>Upt.'NIIIOi\ .. Ih.1I ' ...(.".,.e .;:;aillfolk",- in your \.,... 011)
Pa"'llr.1ph 3
Ctve ~mPICS or other kind .. or :>Upcn-lilK>n:-.. t:g 1(1 do \\ hh
mnrlage. travel,
nlOI'W).
Writing
1 You are 9O<ngto Wlite an answer to thIS question
\\ me .1 ITUsP21nc :article of ben, ,-"CO120 Jfu.ll80 words on Oclic..f~ .u-xJ "upcNition.!;. in "') O:JlUmry.
Conclusion Giveyour opinion or ~uj")cr~ition.~. I .. there any OOSi::. for Ih~rll?I, }'u4.ar cournrv too <:uper:-.titl()tI.J Ix) Wpcrs.iliolls serve :In)' \~ul
l'nr:lg.r:tph';
purpo..~-?
m.: IUpic.:
4 Now write your answer to the question, Try to ;ncIOO. some 01 the tenses and verb patterns below first oonditionnl Sotne/1f:'(lIJ/('ix'flet't' 1/,)'(111 \'('(' a 1)I{lc~l
C{lI, illt'/II bring
Jt'J1l
2 Here ISa student~ answer to the questlOfl above, but the punctuation, capitallenel'$ and paragraphs have been taken out, Add the necessary punctuation and cap,talleuelS and divide it Into paragraphs,
--,
Rood /II(:IJ.
Sccund conditional
1/ 1 ~'(l1I'(I ladder.
tt.
I 11'01111 1I,(llb fOund
UseiliO 1'cl(1(l/e usea 10 IK! 1I10W JJIpt'fSltllofh 111011IlK" nll! todav. Past simple 1.0c.xJlrc,_--~ hnbll.~ and CUStOms Peopte UX'illlt) c:III1I1:11muct!
,,,ore '''(lIIIII(~V 110 Itld,,)',

Verb + .1"8 lRllkfl'R luuwr tl (fuftlc'" 1I$(!tllo 11('cnllS/llerr;.v1
bad'"<lt
139
* Good luck, bad luck

I Exam
practice;-Transactional letter (letter of complaint)
In Pan 1 of the writing
--I
exam.
** The
SUD
Palace Hotel
**
you may be asked to write a letter of complaint, for .xample about a holiday or something you have bought that 1, raulty. You will b. given Information to use. such as an advertisement or a picture. Here ore some tips on writing a letter of complaint. Make Sure you include all
the relevant information.
\elcome to this Premier Resort and Conference Centre in the Mediterranean

Splendid accommodarion in 600 superb rooms. ,uites und bungalows (book .... a bungalow, but had to 6tRy In a room)
Exquisite dining lind bar facilities (t~ehfodo~wk"'''terrible 1I"ld l e rIM .. very 8xpcne vc
A wide range of eutcnniurnem Oust a dleco)
Superb recrcarionul amenities
(tennle court booked up all the time)
Write your letter in a formal style.
Just 50 metres from a wonderful beach (Ute !>each W811 filthy) Satellite TV in every room (out of order)
Room service round the clock (took an hour to bring coffee up
. I
r
Statt your reason for writing in the tim sentence.
Organize your complaints

Into paragraphs. End your letter with a request for Detion or a
Laundry service (c.ame back with eta'ne)
recommendation on how
the reader (an improve the
s~rvice or product.
' 5 Read this quesllon. You Mflyed In the Sun Palace IIOle) on hoUda}I, and were ,.~, dlss;lIl ... rie ed, l11C! owners 0( tJlC hoccl tL"l\ e asked you 10 provide lhern ,vuh (l'\."tIb:tc:k on \\"h:u )'OU thoughl ahoul Ihe -ervices olTered.
\'('nlt,: )'OUr k"ll"''''' 0( cornpbinl 10 the hOI\!I. u"lnt; )'OUr oores to help y<l<1\\'rile betw'c ccn 12()and
I I
180 words,
140
Unit
16
6 Read thIS model answer to the . Has the writer includedall the relevant information? !goor ...~uestJon.
Dear Sir or Madam, I am writing this letter to express ( I) _ dissatisfaction with the service offered to my family and n,yself (Zl_ our recent stay at yOllr hotel. I (3) _ completed the Feedback Form but IalsO wish to add a ) -
_-
----
e u'" spaces for now.
-I I
I
further points. Firstly. (S) _ arrival we were told the bungalow we had booked was I not free and we (6) _ offered instead accommodation in rooms. which we did (7) _ want. The room service was very slow. On the first day, I I (8) _ to wait one hour for a cup 01coffee. There was, as promised. a TV in the room, but it was (9) _ of order. Regrettably, we were not happy with the recreational facilities either. Although (to) _ were two tenniS courts, they were booked up most 01 the time and we did not get a chance to play. Finally. our evening I entertainment consi;led (t 1) _ sitting in the bar all night 12) _ waS very pricey). as the only other choice (13) _ an extremely noisy
disco. Ihope
(t 11_
appreciate my disappointment and will consequently your hotel.
I take action
to improve the service (15) _
Youn faithfully,
,-
O.vld Murray
__ ~_~--_J

7 best For questions 1-15 re filS each spac~ ~ d ~hi' ely aner agad'~and think of the word which one war 10 each space
8 Find words andexp~'

- (0
., u'" leiter that

_ \'el)'
.k_
mean:
complaln
:lbOUI
-fillc..-d in
- \\ ould like - I am SOCT)'
- C:xpcn.,)I\C'
10 5.1)'
- understand - as tI result - do ",",elhmg
9 Write Now II's your turn. your leller of complaint 10 the Sun Palac. HOlel. between 120Wnte and 180 words.
party was nearlv Suddenly, a me broke oul 'The everyone h.~ had. good lime. guests, 'Quick. everyone '~R\ p.nrc~,"g. shouted his chance," '!lut we're on th~ lhi~e:;,tt~f the ,-"",dow - irs our only guests. 'This is no time 10 b. s /~or, rrotesled one of the '-______ _ _ up. IS .lious! ~cre.rned Ihe ho<1.
0:'::;-'
!,o't.
to
lI
141
*Review:
Units 13-16
For Questions 1-15. read the text below and think of the
word which ben fits each space. Use only one word In each space.

For quosllOns 16-25. complete the second sentence so
that It has ~ similar meaning to the first sentence. USIng the WOfd g.vert. Do not change the wotd gillen. You most use between two and fIVe wo<ds, including the WOfd given.
16 101 sorry I didn't come on tlU1L' f(.l,rthe nk't"(in~
for
J
1.11""'0
Ih\.' I1lL-....'tinf.:.
I!rnil on the traU

A )"O\U1J,t1~;lUI
or
UClCt'li\'I,;'''
hal'> In:ln;tgt.:d
10 (,1.11 (J) __
17 I sok1111}'old C!1CI-x-'GlUSC r wurucdto hu)' n 11,"" on c', nrdcr

I sold Iny old car
tH)I..', ;1
IhL' c.'dnll' roth' In the !'I\\'eclbh town of IJpps31~1 'vIrh the help 01 (2) _ IlllJ{otlfl;UI\ L' and dcdk:ul-"<l l)ulir(','Il'l"n 11)C )'OUnjot'It .. ", h.l\ L' been \\'orking urxk.--rGoran II:u<1c" police Orrk t. .....''vhu ~OIl1lC C.i)__ "'ith the ;de-..t of
Of'jt.,ni7:ln,;:J; Ir::IUh~ course (or voung
.1 new
1M In "'plle ur her headache.
sh c wem 10 th c 1)';lrt),
\\'t.'fll In
bad
\hhough
19
d(..'tl-'Clhc.... 10 Jtf:lp
cepe ( .) -Tbc
fL.....,I"" ()(
the C'".l:rl), ~,
ilt(_n:J,~ln.s:crune fe\ cl .. in S,,cdl..J'i Cllk~ Ihe (.'OUN.:. (~) __ h;IS been runnlnj.t 'tnn' (6) __ pteu)" impressive, Slolcn bic)t:lc'
thl' polm
The CunlmlUt.'t!'Is m:ade

~alnonlh. whose The
up 0( \"\OJllCn,Ind nk"l'1~
31Can e\cr)'dl~' occurrence in lJ')f'h;.lb and 3~ (-, _ .... n('\':t com .... ...in 0( )'t:, (M) __ Oll~ ..ing bicycle, f l:lrtk- Stt"L, In I(),-~t. h (9) __ hi, team 0( )'oollg deeecuves .md llCnd... (10) __ {"-It On the (,...n 0( till: bicy(.-Jc:Ihic:\'~", The child,en Inan'I~C: (II) __ find and miny hack :!I'X:IUI three h'C1't.')L'S:1 week. .\h, ..in~ pl!Opl c. (1.1.)__ mi.... ~inR bicycles, can be Ir;lc'rd
with rhe helll of Ihe 'Eluil :U'kl Ihe Derectlves 1(.. am. '101 Ions.: (Ij) __ , the chlldrt.>ll were allowed (0 tuke thue otT ~hnoll(,) Inl('l, dO\\'I) an old lady \\'00 (1.) __ gOfll' mi"5in~,ln ,I \CIY Itholt lillie they discovered rh... , woman
_
nlt.>cl... onc'l!' .1 II1UIlIII
lO I hought 01 telescope I)I,._'('-:IU~ f "anll'tl
In look ,II
thol:... I;II'S
Ihar I bouglu a telescope
lhe .II;II~,
look :11
.2 J I c:lI much less

:lS
1l1("W.l1
nowadays. 10.
I don teal a,
go
:,ippilll!
IlC)flh:
('(;(f"(.'C
In ;1 (.',11'.:-orne di,tance (15) __
her
II I don I have enough monc)' for " Jlolld.I)'Ihl~ year. I lan't ho'kby lI'h ) Co.lr
15 I have 00 IllOfl:Jc.1t~to wruc 10000r writing I lellen. (or loW). 1.. :i'k: Mudicdla" because ..Jk: wanted
10 hi-COftk.' .1
'J\\ycr
as
ShL' ,'I(\ldi(,_'u law
2~ Y n 1,1\\')'cr
high
It's
0.., vhoukl
change your bad h:lbirs.

your 1'Xld hnhh",
142
Review: Units
13-16

r~ad the text below and Ioolc carefurtyat each f ne, Someof the lines are and some havea WOldwhIChshould not be there If a fIne IS corre<t.put a tick (.I). If a has a word which should not be there. write the word The funnJcst man
:: ..fUeSt1OnS 26-40.
~t.
__
__
-_ __
__ __
__
__ -_:\-.
26 rruh;thl~ 1114.' Inc..... ' popular ,il\l;uion C."Otlh.:J) oo"r\ In Iht 1.,.., 2"" I\\cnry )c":U'iII:" been the /'(al'lo' 7(~Ul't"$. 1\1;lrnn~J()hl\ (';Ic",'~ ;I~ the 1H ccccmrlc 111.lnJ!J.cr 0(;, 'typical' seaside Ilotcllh'il';': in l~n).lI.II)l.lII,.. 29 punr.I).11 of U."UI'.I\\hy 1t.1~made hun ... c f:IIHntl ....noc clI11)" In IIftl.111l .i(J hUI In Ina!)) other couontc ...too. CI~I'::-c,who '\":I~ bfll n in 19.'\9.begun jl his C:U'C~I' in ("{)Illl'd),wuh the now known (.:1!1.. ~i( ,"(Jill" l'I',IIulI ~ /'7,'llIg .i2 C/n:u.\', produ( ld in lhc. -0 . .,hy CII;X..""(' and rC\\ other ('C)lHC. ..tJi,ln.., IU:lnr .\;i 0' whosn \Vlr ..' joCradu.l(e -, (}J' <::unhridgl. l 'nh1.1~i(y, I he pro}lr.1I1l1l11. ... 1"-'(";11111.' I.lfn()u~ tor therr surrealistic humour .unl were IUJdc \IP (N ..hort 35 ... ketchcc m thc \\'ht...:h people behaved in "'1I'an~l'or ...11) \\,1)' _ 01 bUill. !-ointl'IIk.'n tohn Clee ......... 11;1' 1)I."n be"Come known fur pI;I)'Jn).t ('h;":I(lc .... ~~ who hch;n v, III UllU"lIJllXI1 amusing \\.J.y", He, h c'iWlt lu-, he"p, lh c 38 t."Urllk c11 ..,,1, hUI he i,o,. .. bo a 111:1.."c:r of cornhinin~ ,,)I,.' ....'OCM.' \\ Ith the: .Y) "I'NJrc.l On ....(If Ifje rnc,...t 'u("O,"oo.._,.ful mk.-o. he h3 ...n\"\ ct pI.;l)t"tlI" th e -til ht"athu;a..c c'f ,JI In EnJ.f.lt<ohcO(llprebcrbn-c -<hooIln the amu .... 'tI fibn CIuc:Juri.~,In wtuch an oI-N::....ioo \\ ith p\II'k1uaJi(\' L"Indkul ed
~
-__
__
-_
__ __

:Or questions 41-50, read the text below. UseIhe word gIVen,n capolalsal the end f eachlIne 10 form a word that f,ts rn the spacein the sameline. The comtng of the robot age
" few )~In.ago, IIIIIl' vrornvec, (he (4) __ of dl\_' Robot -Iobonunry in l)il1iburj.tll. puhlhlu ... "C1u hook called .I'"1l1 ('IIiltlll'U, '>.-cording IU "'InriI' \."(, lit", ll)flllnJ.( (I1h!! robot age will h(inR 'i2l __ ('h,lnR"" (I) Ih.. , world as we know II~He predkt .. uvn Mrs: \\'ill develop 10 ~~h .an ( 13' __ that" irhin 'i() ve.I" ~cltiJlC!\\\ illt hUlnJn (of... ) __ \\ ill be cornmon, At fl r-,1 \\t' \\ ill knt_.fil frcwn the- \\ofi: Ih.lt mhot_, do for U", hut J:U3duaU~' .. their ( I;' __ Ukf\.J..'C,Itk..,,\\ illlx.'UHlle JUOr'(' .Jnt.I mor.... . " __ <A hUlll.lft'> \{(.,..n t"\.' also make.-. (he frighh:ninM , -, __ d).;ut)n,,' d.l) rnhor, \'111 take over the wodd and we 111Iace ( t,ij, __ ~ (hc~ ellltu., In .1/",,1 ChI/til\'11 (",9) __ to conI.: Ituc)
\1 pre ........ nl. fiO) __
~m
Dllu;cr
UllA.\! \
1::\"-'(1)
IV'TU.l(,~:"
AUU: DfP r'"
I'Hll)lCI
O:TI"Cf IJJi.I
:,(,11
t:~ln .:rt:3lc:"(uIXII' \,,'hich h~lvl' lheir (w;n .. .'d heh:l\'iour pUUl:I'n<ol Ho\\ ever. '() far 'C\'h;u rubUl.. (."':)n
" \ cry ~illlpk: cornpal'(;!d lo
"c~
~cruJ_lIrdo UI1 'heir ()\\lU lUlI1:tfl life l...(;tr.th',"' uf
\\ hal
143
17
Worth a thousand words

Modal verbs (1): obligation and necessity (must, have to, need)
A ...
.. wr j '.
I-
... +
i
f\
I
Cave Paintil1g.~
Reading
, For questions 1-12. choose from the stylesof art A-F. Some of the styles may be used more than once. When IOOre ,han OM anSWN ISrequired. these may b. gJllen In any order
\\11kh "ylc or filM .Jlo\\'t.-U ~ L' r~ okk."'Il?
~~'1" ",),IL-":
I
t
__
ml
The cave painting> un the "':III) or caves in S(Xlin and ..... ~ulhC'mI~r.lncc dre lhe earlieq form o(lIn we JUi\C. The) sho"":1 "ide \"3rifty eMwnn' ..I....,uc:h S bears. borso and dccr The were painted in bn,hlCOlou,," \\hk,:h were made or v:uiou.'C mUleral~ IIII).ed with anin)31fal. c" "hlle...pI.UlI jUk:~ and even hlood. They "en: uln~1 I;) certainly connected with hurnmg. In one f:lIll(XIS example. in a C3\'C in LA\clIU\ in Franc~, a IIIUII is ~J)O\\'n among some nnirn:1b and there (Ire ... everul d:lrk dots in the painting. The meaning of , he l')ainlillg i~
J'k'."'"
not certain. bul it sbows that rhe t'J'VC d\\cller':\ hud superh
I~ unlsuc
skills.
U Ell)'ptiun Paintings
~1orc than 5 000 years ago. the Eg}lMinn'\ be~un J):Iinling the \\wld around tbem On the walls of the PhllrJohs' IOlnbs. The ':p)'plians believed there was life Qner ckJ.lh. !lO the) painted pictures of nl)'lboklgiC"oll\.torie .. Jnd or ... '0 daily hfe. Peopk!and animals were ~n In\oh-cd In dally acth'llJes. such as hunting. fannin;and nun,.
of an'
fronl e .... -el'yda~life?
jag ;
~ones (rom m)'tht.JIC>g)'? t.L-"", ",is dtn..'Cdy .nilu4..'no..'d hr a p~ lou!'! M) Ie or p.aultlng? tncd to be \'cl')' dilTCn.. rnl (turn previous filylc~?
make, p(..'()plc seem nlOn: beautiful
't_",JI!i..._-'
CC reekArt The most anislic people of any:l:g\! were. pcmJps, the: Creels around 500 Be. Their ahn in ~ulpCuf\!wa._, the , Inlic~t{ionof Hfe. but life in its perfet.1 or Ide:.' forn1 \Ve .M have many examples of Creek sculpture. \\'hich IS ch.uactcrized by the betlULYor its forrn!'. and tllna/inJ: knuwlcd8C of hunum al~lIolny.Niosl of ,he sculptures ponmy gods and 8oddesS.'i from nlylhology. Mo!ol Greek wall paintings have not Slil vlvcd. but \'11: JU have a few cxanlJ)les by the Minoan~ of CI'eICin Ihe anclem roy:)1 palaces of Knossos and Sonillrini. These pictures are very realistic and lively. TIle '"(ht commoa ,)Ubjccl ..are sports, cetebrauoes, dolphin, .uld bcauuful
than Ihey rc:tlly are ?

:"IhO\v:otpeople h:,,,11)8 (un? begnn In the nlneleclllh century? Oil)' ut firM "'CCII1 10 he: badly dr:l\vn? do not show objt.'CL~('Je.lrJ),? is rount.! jn nlUllCUJnsin .nOSI countric.-J
I-IQI
G'm
I I
1m fv"
1m
I.QI!
I~~
people.
144
Unit
17
o The Rt.n.lissnnC"C "The Rcrui\'301X ., u\U;t)ly defined as lhc rebirth of painun, lnd Ilicratut\! 'I\"n~b) cbs.\ial ntOCk-h,. ~piall)' of aOCK'1lt ee "CC The Renaiss.-..nce laued frorn the fiflecnlh 10 the !)lXttcnlh CMlu') iUKI its anne was Jta.I).TIle "cal anl'l~ of she period. \\00 include ~lrcheI311g..:I().l.col1.lnlo :uwJBctncclti. were able (0 palnl nmure lind people wuh ~rtat accuracy, ("'Ioccthan any orher style, the: \I;t)rlr., uf th..: Ittllinn Renaissance ('''WI he M.~nin museum ,-,.lk'Clion, Ih'(Jughmlllhc \\.'orfd,
.I'k,~
vn.
"at; 10 actUC\C greater naturalism in painting. MO!\t InlPf't:'''lCMlI'l Pk.1Uro ~ofland"C.qk.''" and lhe htlp"t' .... l00'''' IiL~ 10 use bright mOUN. C\'n1 ~hrn potlD) ing ",ado'o\"S; thts onen gi'\cs their \\orL .. jO) (ul. "" opllmi\u~ f,,-cl. F )Iodcnu-"Iu F~lo\\ jJl~ the hnpre!losiollist movement, Or1i:H:i such as r14:u,",o;Ind nliklue tried to change the :o.lyleof p.linlina (rotl. n.uunlll'lOlic 10 more abstr3(1, lnstced of ttylng 10 runkc ,. n:uli~i c, (,'01'of :UI object. they wanted to show it 1'1'\1111.1 \ uricty of differenl :lllglc~, In Iheir PiJintinv~ ... ,"cl'al vic\\'Joo of un objecl or person arc combined. wbleh enen l'ClIuhloin ..uch Ihil1gs ns eyes nrul nn:..c" oppc:lIring in unliloual,)Jucc, or al ..,runge angles. Some people l.'t)IIc;lulie (,Otn these I)uinlings ,hat lhe anisl40could OOtdraw, On the ('onlr.II,): J)icl'-.o and Braquc were pcrfcclfy capable of painlina: nlltur.tli"ic painlmg;.. Dullhi10 "a" nU4their ail" in
.It
E 1'III)re~ltl(tl1llt'n The !ltlllk: ":(~IICl'> ("Hill a plcmrc by Monel. Inlpre,sion. ,Ii Sunrise' (IR72). 'I his fXuntin~ show's Monet's interest in annl)'sing tunc and cttlHU" and, bove all. t11Cway light ~tJl' on the ,urfal'C of objcCL', AI'>a re~uh, Ihe objecl~ do not alw3y~ have 0 ('lear outline. The first Imprcs.... ioni ... l"Xhlbiliul1"'.I, hekJ In 1874 "hen ~"onct. Renoir. Cezanne. 0.:#3.', and ndl(f'\ .lnnool'lcw lrut the ailn of lhe !nO\ enltnl
.,1)
fA
Use of English and Vocabulary

1 Work with a partner and diSCUSSthis pall1hng. using the quesnons befow
'X'h;1I b the fir ..1 Ihln!, 'h,1I c.uche .. )'0\" c,:yc? \\:11:11can rOU ....... l in
\"h.1t
'<."e
(.':11\ >011
ill II,c )n:~round?

lilt' t\\U Iht~Itf(
..--------=-----------------------------_-,
uw
h.u.'kf,rolilld:
IIl. ...... Ti~
len un
"luI (."ChnJ,:.... ~Iel1)ohl )II'" ,,-.;.lb. pollnl'.n):

eve )OU?
145
* Worth a thousand words

2
Now
read the text and compare your answerswith thoseof the writer. Ignore the spacesfor now.

3 For questions 1-1 S. read the text again and think of the word which best fits each space.Useonty one word in each space. 4 labet the painting below with the words in the box.
soldiers ci"ilian:-.lantern li~.ht arms bluut] hoots buildin~ \ll1i1'onll IiOt: UII);ct !'ihi" grounti helmer
The Bathers
One of my favourite
\\'C)tk.~ of
:tn is h)'
!\I;UI:ll
(1859-1891), II i~ calkxl 'The ttathers' ('Une l3aigl)~lck-') and it i,., one uf hi..,(1) __ famous p:lir~lin~!'.. It shov.... s :1 scene ill :11\ Indusrrinl "uhul'h (2) __ Pari, s called Asnicrc. s. (3) __ the IXlckground. we can iustmnkc ('I) __ SOIll\: f:If.101)'chimneys. hUI Ihe pkolUI\: :IS :1 whole is
full or light. Pl.':IC("" urxl harmony. h gives (5) __ that feeling of a hOl sumuter's day when you - [uet for
a moment - escape froiu grim reality,

But (6) __ is it Ih:1I rn::lk(._ ... it so (:1101 nod r~l;_lxil\~( Perh:Jl.>S {he fltst thing (7) __ cl1lt:hc. ... our eye i.. the pile 0( clothes uud hoc,. ....nvxt (~) __ the central
figure, right in the rniddlc: of the foreground xonce (9) __ e)e;ll'lr the obiects arc p:tinlcd: a perfect balance between light and dark. i'\o(icl.:at-o the h:u.:-: hais of diffc:o.nr kinds, (l(}) __ seem (0 have just been left JyiJ\g around - It's all VCI)' casual. )u:-t IOOkil\~ :IIII~ h;ll$ nnkcs you feel iu:"!t(11) __ hot it must he. In the background. we (Il) __ make
5 Work with a partner and discussthe painting. using thesequestions

\X'hich colours stand out IIlO::>l:1 \'\tll)' :1I1is1 chose 111\."1)1:\'(Ih.11was the artist I.)rlng In :-.hu\v? Is il :1 good p::tintin~? \Vhat i,:; your I\_~ll'ion lu the (Xllnllng?
oo you
think the
out trees and (he s:lils of boats. The num up

the le(1. \"hh Ill ..IrVU!'icr:- rolled up, and the man in Ihc foreground, Iring: \\'itll hi.; h:l('k (1.) __ us, also add to (he stillness of the picture. The picture b dominated by liM:)'Qllll~ III:1n moro or (1;) __ in tht' Illiddlc ol the pk.'turl, siUin~ t;llily in the sun. his feet daosding in (he "taler.
(Jj) __
146
Unit
17
6 Read 1hs deso1pbon of the p,mlul<,j QppOIIle Whal is

the wfller\ opinoon of il) Do you agr~? Igno<e Ihe speces fOl IIOW The ThIrd of May lS08
:lnnr occupied .\t.ldrid In 180S,Oova an unuy of (I(.'l'lIp;ulotl ''It,-.lIl', On the ")L'(.'oocl of ~(:I)',Ihe "'p.lrll.lt'(l, trk.."lf 10
... 0011 discovered (1) __
8 Find words
- .. rOI v ign
In the leXlthal mean. ;lnU) take.' over a

(.'11),
- ')l~t)I>I ... nAh' ;1g;llnq a COIlC:Ju('mror b.rd ~'C)\'en:lnll:nl

- ..ufchCr"'I Hil hC)f<;eb:lck - .. ~n.)tlJ> of .soJc.Jlcr~ ... 1<111(11)(of:t lot of people -IH"l, r.lc.I
\\'hen I'\apolt.'on's
up
;,l
W __
\OIl):-
t'C-"lst3nCL' :and there
\\..1....::I
riot in the
3 fe\\.
Pucrt .. del ~II.
hlll above the cit)' 'the o.Ii,'"", In t I) __ Iht"llunkn.:d Ilk- (';I\"'3lrr to (Oi) __ Jt the cm\,d .. in 'ht, "I'tlre. lht.~ (oU<>,\ in~ ni~hr Ill' "4:1 up .J ftrin~ quad ,And ..heu (() __ \\ ho happened In he.' wutun C" .... y
111.:1''':1Ch .. ' w hlth er.rmped iI-,c'lr on GUl,i'" (7. __ . 11<:exprc.,...cc.llllt'hurmr he (\:), in Iht' 11i()~1 un __ anti-war painll"(t of nil Ihne. In "rite 11drd uf' r..I,IY he shows wleu h.lpPCll" \\ hen nwu in C<)__ lo'tC ccrneol. In a :;lI'ukt:o(CIO) __ , he
,hot, tre,",
'iot:llL'
French offic,:r .. t .\) __
9 Wtt.c:hp'Clure would you choose to h_ on your bedroom wa'I, 'The Thod of May' or 'The 8d1hen')
lMPf?
~;h:h II \\ a' Ihe Ix:~jnninAof a
Listening
1 IE! You WIll hear a feclurer lalkrng about paintIng.
Which of these names of shapes and coloutS does the speaker mention?
sbapes colours
11'i;,,,).!k'
{OIUr .. I ....... rhe 'I(,wk,. ....\vllh Ill\.' "1r:Il~hltme 01 their
C)'linder
h.;-tUk'l, .1IW ~\ln.'i. \"\ ilh the dl~qtlnJ.ll'"tl p>uli~ of Iheir f 11) __ The ;o,.p:tni.lnb,,~ ."... tJlk_....... ..n",c:k..-c,.I t(lIJ..'\:th v .,. like ;.InuluL, In (11) __ ot Ihe flrinR ~:ld 11\\.1 1"t1\1t'T thetr t'')"C'' or J)r.ly (13) __ Ihe Inidtflc ()( the PKIUI'l'. a man with :t dark (;.)l\.' (I ., up h..... .LOH' In Il'1I01, hb \\hice slurt dOlllin.llln$.t Ih!'" (1';;' __ j')I(.IUrt', 'n)c' -.;("t"IlCI.. Iii by a t.,ntern on ehc !:1'Ound; :J
hard, ,,'hit\.' hox of Ii~h( \\ hith
1,11I<.."'cO,whhc shin of
(C}IIU~I:r.I'\
-pncrc hi""
~'\')
recrungl... "<I
p),r;lIn,d "'It\k"
hl.Kk
hfU\\1l
green

2
IE! Lislen again, and for
1\'ItJI)' \\ ith (he
semeoces
Wllh
a word
questions 1-11), complele the or a phrase.

.ltl
thl;! I)).;U'I,
'11,1,.' ,,\.,\:ontlletlurc
k
7 FOIquesuoos 1-IS, read the text agaIn and decide which answet A, B, C Or 0 best filS each space I \ Ih;u 2 \ make
A made 1\ lh.II'~C ~A ;111:"1(,'" 6 A ,Inyone
!!j
}. 1'14.'1\\0 In ;H"t."
'viII be :Ih. Holl I and Pl'r'ud .. of Ir.t ..ic: idt.:'a~ in :.lit
3 If \\ e kL.-:'k-a-rou-nd~-U5-.--_J
~ TIll prln\i.ll)' colou ..... ;U\:
B \\'hich
8
B
PUI
B -cm 11 :ll1ack
ShrK)1
Ihl..!ln
C who C wke C fired C po\\ .... r C nltl Co SOllh .. '(lnc
I) \\11:11
I) '::(..1
we an -ee
C:;:======J
;111<.1
And
n omce
I) ,'thOUI
I) threw
-s
<I
111t.' ..... '<'Ond:lry ('oluun;

11ft.', ' llil
I) Iht..... c.:
t) n'tel1lOnc, .. I) Icrrihlc I) uniform 1) jteoiu:s
StJln(..'p.linlil1~
:tr..:
... A IliouJ,tlu
H A 'I(UO.M
U .nind B S<.~ry
C 1'\:(.'11118
C C C C C C C C po,\:crtul
Ioltll\'"
9 A l'()"It\II'1IC B ann)' 10 \ ~k'\,,'fI".'" U \\'Ie A Jlnl B ob;'.'CI ... A rronl: R (Jt"C U A At B To 1'11'0\\ .. B l:!kes A Icleal B COInplelc
1nh':'''8'-'n(1;
ob,..X1.I\'t'
tJ.I}."(,..1
I\\itholll (.ulour .., C~l.anll\.'" ~lId t."\'erythin~ in fUlU.rc i~ nUlk' up ()f H \fundri.:ul "~, 'n-'-' .. -"'-."'-:-<-:-"':-----
Iii
.. ,
"
(""r In pull. lJ,rc:n
f) nppo.,jle
n from
OSland> o ,,,holl;!
747
* Worth a thousand words

Grammar
Modal verbs (1): obligation and necessity (must, have to, need)
You use must + infinitive for strong obligations
2 Rewnte these sentences USIng the conect lann of mus~ have 10 or need,
I ) nu '1111$111" IXlI'k 011 Ilti" !NII't'lIlt'lIl
II ....11h:)Cal In park no lilt> !');I\'\'nh:nl 2 '11'1(' rule is for t,'\"CI,)r\HlL' 10 .. lund in the queue in
that express the authority olthe speaker, You must wear a S(.Ift fOI ,he ,ntetv/ew. Youuse mustn't to talk about som~thin9 you are not allowed to do,
)t)u ITKISIn', use)QA" 00"",",,,,,,
1ft ,,-
h;'lnk~ and pU.... 1 uO"icC'\. .,. 11\\'UI he: 1"I~'\.-"""":I1) ror )'HU In h,l\
e .I che 'c'k-up.
I \\" were forced 10 hand over 11 our liIU0I..1. S II t.... 1101 .1 Jl.~d R...'(luil\ .. '''lu",'1\1 ((If ,"OU10)(0 into lhl!
,ts.
You use have to + Inflmnve for nrong obligations that ~xpreS$ the authOfrty of a third person. )t)u have vaca'e yotJr hoto! room by _Ale o'clocle. You us. had lor past oblluations, We had 10 IeiIve eilf!y 10avoid Ihe rush hour.
'0
.Inn~ h ')on I \'"00) about the \\.J.JUIlj,tup 111dn i.f brei'. - 11, noc Ilil."t."L."'-"C) ror )'1'" In hook J tx..kt:l in .Id\ .1r'k.."X", l'M.u )OU can if }'tHI \\ "nl 1<1.
~ \V,: hnok e -d llck\.'( .. 10 a<h:u')(,t.' ,lhhl)U){h It \\';1"11'(
1k.,\:':"l\;II') .. I) I(uhhi .. h i..to he k:ft out onl) 011(\'
'0
i' week.
You us. don't have to to talk about
lock of
IU /\11f:lr.. are ohllg""d to park uUl"j<k' 11Il.' city centre
obligation. I dldln have 10be ,II.", before Ie" o'clock. Youusen~ to + infinitive to talk about necessities. rather than obligations. Wi' fW.>f!d to buy some _ ClIPS for I~ parry. You use don~t neJ tolneln't + Infinitive to talk
Speaking
1 WOrkIn paors Student A. Iool at t~ pICture on page 197 ~rtbe the pxture and ~t Student B to draw n, Student B, IooIc at the prcture on page 199 and get Student A to draw it. Use expreSSIonsIrom Ihe box below,
about.
lack 01 obligation or ne<essity,
ltxt doIl'l need Ioineedn'r buy a IV because you can have my old one. You use needn't have + part participle or didn't nei to + infinitive to talk about an action in the past that was unnecessary, When you use d;dn't need ro, W~ don't knew if the person did it or not,
Useful language
In I~ background ... AI I~ lOPof lhe piclure In lhe foreground." AI [he bottom oflhe prcture Just above [he Nexr ro Just below the .. Neat ,he On I~nghl In the tnlddr. On lheklh In I~ top lefl hand corner, In 1hI> bottom righl hand comf!r ,
Compare:
,., tIE'I'dn'l ha.. patd for rho meat ,., dldn', fW.>f!d '0 ~ for the meat
1 Complete these sentences uSing the correct lorm 01

mUSI, have to or need,
I
go In work
IOtI.ly hc c,:tul<>I.: U',"':l n:lIlI)11:11
holklay. 2
I __ J.!Oto the (10<"10 ......th ....()ther t.I,l)f ;'5 I fv )t
terrible.
~ You __ work h:u"(jl"r If
)'C'HI \\,Int 10
2 Oescttbe your room to yout partner as It ISnow, Then

dl!S(flbe your room as you would like It to be,
PJs..~ the
... x..m.
You __ ~ You __
\\,Int 10.
car 100 mech. it' \\."1'\ h.ld for )'OU I~ll'!' ~tXlr honlil."\\or1 htn )OU coin if you
C.
.. "0"__
\\ c __
hl(!f:l
hrins: our ,k."Cpin)t h.IJl' ro ..-.unp?'

,.'X,IOl,
talk during the r.... ;uJlng
A YI1\I__
visa if
)OU \\,;II11luv~it the
uS:\.
148
Unit
17
Vocabulary
Countable and uncountable nouns
Countable nouns are separate things, people and Ideas that can be counted. They have a singular and a plural rorm and you can use numbers with them, ha..,. JUSrbc<1]hr a I't)' expensiw! car. 'A.lny (i)II'>i!lt$ If) England have two CatS Uo<ountabie nouns are things \\lhich are thought of it$ 'masses' and not as separate objects. eg war." advrc., work. They usually don't have. plural form and you can', use numbe~ with them. Could)lOU lend me some money? Some nouns can be countable or uncountable, depending on how they are used. Compare: {,,,,,gat soma beer in the (ridge. ilould you like a beer?
Listening
!5! You Will hear a
radIOtalk about cormcs lISten and

Ib.lnun
wflte lhe year In whICh tbe comics below first appear~

1 Put lhe w"rds In the box under the following head'"9S'
- count.!ble nouns Supt.'f1nan 'r"r'au A:bIl ('tt)nhH' """,UP)
- uncountable nouns
work lta\el tab money coin .'-UJ:~cstion truth lit nc:\,'~illrul'IU.lllun kno\.\'Jc~c luml).t~ l'ouitc,'a't: rUfl1i1urc (:h:,lr homework 1;I5IkIr..flit: car journt')'
.td\'ICC irHclll$lcllc.'C

2
G
Listen again For QUestiOns 1-10. complete tbe

'l Ill' t'xhihition ..how .. how SUI'X.'nn:l11h,l>; Ch.ln~(_-cl dllrin~ Ihe la...
sentences with. word or a phrase.
2 Complete Ihese sentences above or an appropriate verb.
"""'9 OOe of the words

ha\\.. "If' 00
;1C.\11~I(-f
(0
! TIlt' hook on
(Hlnt(',
co. .......
!)Upc.-"'IU:I" '\.1" ~I\(."" he,
.\ re thc.-..c __ ;111Ilk" IUAAI,h"C you r"u 1\;1\ v .In) h.lOO __ ?

Ih :fC ,In) IlL'\\....;.thoullhc " l"'lht: __ )(HI h';l\(." gl\'f:1l on
\(:1'),
own
l"(.Uk 1)l.~"ll"<"
1",-, \\;J.....
.. ('Amite.' ;II\. I1l:Hnl') n,"3d I)!.
.tc.\IOCnli
yuunJl P'o'upk: Jj.."\.'(J 1')(_>{\'\,.._cc "11 r-,r-----...,

do
the tonn
~ ~tr\\()Ji.; __
difficult
bL't.llL'o(,'
I h.I\'c
-; connc-, ;II'C: In.Ilk, up of:1
"CYt:I.,llIlfh.'n.~n' __
at the ~:lInc tunc
sene (,f'
Brlla'o III
~r~ -,,;r-----...,
.. .... t~
:; The hOllll'\\'ork I'm goil)S 10 $011\,(.' you __ l":I"),. II "'011,1,, ...01 three short __ b f li~ kl'lO\v1cds.: e of the ,~bicc.:1__ ~ xl .10(1 he: .Ibo hJ... 1 ~r\',11~1c:t1of __ I +e.. a \\.'1') .. ,nan
6 '1111': 111~1(.:,.)Cult'"' appl.:u\!(! In

- The '\,flfd~ in .1 comic appt ... ar in OOllul."\." ()I ~ uNnk ... tx-t!"",,''CIIO11'1CI'C':l~ 9 The f1l" \'ufnk IlUhli... bed Inc.k,x,k.k"'ill> tlM\ ..papers
wac
-'
h"y.
- __ __ till .. ,' ~l)', bru.u.lt.._n.~ Ihe mred. '0 Ihe nx)re )(lU In:JJ..c, Ihe l~tc:r!
rL--;"'...,...--------,
.
r..",...,...--------,
l.IIk."(lj
I)'
10 Cc,,,,i('l'oh.I\l.' 1I,Il"l'oc,x'd nuny J.(r\.11
149
* Worth
it
thousand words
Vocabulary
Colour idioms
, We often use colours on,doomatlCexPfessoons. eg:
~". U'fl,C ):1\"('" tl'UII t't1)'Il"wn
I'(/tt'

power strength
3 Complete these sentences u'lng the correct form of of the words above.
'Ok.: pre.... idcnl hJ"I ~nonnC)u...__ 1(1 nl.lke (~''''14 ch.uucter. .i He's a very __ Ill.ln.lfe can tv-,tt.1 h,'lcpIIIHlt' he
1. ~he ha.":1 \'E'I)' __ in (\\0. ... You don t have <-"!'tough __ 10 lifl Ihou box. 'i 111C ben is driven h)' I\\u __ .HtlCor.... (I She hn.... __ hcli~I~. :-.0rOU wuu f pcrcuudc h,'r
t':l.(iI) ,
/ UVIIJi'~1 prl-z(' ,,, 111('
Complete these sentences with the name of a colour.

Url;tkulJoC the '''"ldo\\' wac :1__ mark ;lJ.Clin~1 )If)\l IX: c.. ireful next time. 1 A,'t' )OU .lfraid to flght?'You're nOI __ nre )'CIU~ ('Alule on, dun't hI,,"oJ coward' .i 11.....lt0\ vrnmeru g~'\ e us the __ Ii~.hl (0 f.!o .lhl.'.ld \\ uh the plan. I H\.' '.1\\ lit" wa ... ~1n.;OIUlclr furtou ... ' '\ rill tmcreved In ahe envimnmcru and 111__ to....uc.. ~'t'1lCDII~ (, "(111.1"\.' .... __ a... J. ..hL~. Ha\t: }"()tf '4..-.:0 ;1 Rhew
Of'""nl v 1h,n~"
- I.J( made ~I __ t.rkc actlon,
speech
~t ... killJ.t the J,:(I\ CII'IIHl"IU
Writing
Exam practice: Descriptive composition
1 Read thIS descnption of the patnt'ng oppo~t. and r,n ex.1mples of these teatures:
- Ie .. 'f\.'\.';tlnt: c.:ukl
otlk ..idt._-; }"OUr h:.ods .lJ'C __
"111l
Phrasal verbs with on and off drop off hand on tryon catchon setoff break off comeoff
2 Replace the underlined WOr'dsIn these sentences w"h the correct form of one of the phrasal verbs above.
Wluu thuc ... h.dl \'C begin (Jur iOunH~')' IUln()n'o,,'~ 1. 11l\') ended IIK.'ir relanon-hlp whee (1)1;)'renhzc-d Ih,,')' (.1I"n', ,s..teton j 1r'1ii .m .unhhiuu"l plan, Do you think It " ill ~k\.'\.'t.'(J1 I You durf' h.I\(. IU L1kc: me all the: \\"':1) _ ju~ te;l\ \.' Uk' {Jfl 1Iw..' ("()fO\.T 5 1)0 you lhY1k Ihi .. new Slrie of d(l,:.,~ \,01 ever
- use of the present sunple e.pressions describing d,fferent pens of the pICture - background mlormation - good vocabulary personal mformation and reaC1ions
~,ucnl.' pupuLtr~
JIl"\\"~I .. '\t.1'C (Xl...<\Cd 10 roc hy my Luher \\ho Stl\...-n them br his Inher. - Doo', htl) rhJll>ull(')\'~r l>t.f()(~ )"tlU have QUII[ un 1ft ~ If il til'" YOU 6 ~
\\'";1'"
- .mnr1C1Unl ~iOOC'l \\'3S one of the meN I r ,Impres.. oo~.ft!t,',nld'S ~t\ fo\ount( (Xlln""1 , liM r.... , I i... hi~ 'Venice: 'Pat:a1-7'() de ~tulJ
I
The tirst lime 1 -,('1":)0 00 IhlS r,.lIn"n". found it quite breolht;lking. I.h:.tdh\:en, I I k' l ' for:l present fur" friend of 1111nc 00 ug. r .. ,1,,'If' "hen t noticcd a posler 0 U 111.' " .. _ The Ihill' 111,11 caught rny C)C \\'U JUU\\', 0 ,d were lh~ colours bCCilUO\1!the)' were ~ \ IVI
,',r'"
und PO\vcrful.
L____ _--..~~---...
ISO
Unit
17
I-~
......__ -c.,- ...... _-
2 Choose one of these writing tasks.

~
I 'The p:Utlling shows a palace in Venice, The C:lllv:l<;is divided into I\\'O parts: the canal anrl the building. In the Centre of (he pictuI'C 1ftere are (\\10 :trches which seem 10 be (he erllmn(.'C ! (0 lhe p!Jfucc. In front of these. there lire twn
or a p;linling yuu lil\<.:which shows a landscape(in (he city or in the' COUOIIY). Usc this pun and the expressions on p:.l~C 1'18to help yOU. \X/rile between 120 and 180 words,
\\'l'ri1<: u description
! gondolas. At the lOp uf the painlins: an' 1\\'0 ! balc{)nic~,

I
P:"I':ISI"Jph I Give information about the painter. (\X'hc:r(;!he \\::~ born, where he worked,
I I , "~\'c thc central urehcs 1I1e,~ are :1couple of I
\VIIl<Jo\\t;) of a S:1r.IOgc. dllrk.red colour_

perhaps it is the rcOctliofl urlhe senses. )\1 the bonorn Or (he picture. tJ1C water in the
what kind of paintings he did.) Paragraph2 Give iO(011))3Iiol\ abour the painting's hi$tOI)" \\7h:11were the painter's 3in1.~? Par.tgI"'Jph;3 Oc..'SCribe ihe painting. Paragraph4 Give yOlll" opillioll'! about the pairulng. \\"hy do you like it?
2 \\'1rile;1 magazine nrricle describing the most
canal is 51 ill end . us I gal" '" it I' I Sense ...... Ice:1
of peace illld cahn.
untorgetmble lnndscnpe you have seen. \.qrite between 120 and l80 \"or<.l~.
151
18
One sma II step

Future forms (2): future perfect simple. future perfect continuous. future continuous

4 Erqht sentences have been refTIO\1!d from l~ lOKI. Choose from lhe extrects A-llhe one whch filSI>ach 9<'P(1-8) There .. one extra senlMce whICh you do no! need 10 use.
A On th v 1\\t'llti~lh :lnnl\'t"'''':lry of 111.-..' .1/HJllo I J uu ...... ion, 1'residenr Bush. illlil.uin~ Kcnncd>.
,1IU')UUI1( ..cd ~r;llldl)' tlun the USA .;ltuukJ ;.Iiln IQ '\'nd a man 10,\I.ll'$ hl:for,,' Ih~ )....ar lUll).

1 WOIkWllh a partner. look at these pholographs and discus, Ihe following qoesnoos.
,,"h,1t i~h.lpP\!fling in the J)llllCo~r:'I)Jl'~ \\ ben were these phOI()!(raph:- l:lkt.'I1~ 1)0 )'00 thlnk rOll will he able 10 "iNll Ihe 1\loon in
),ollr Idclirll,:?
B l:kll Chl' Americans had !'olill nOI nl.II\.I~c"(_110 ~CI .L 1Il.1" info orbu. C I.. Ih" \ "K .... tJ~1 "'00011:> fk'OPk \\ .Ulk' In insc 00 the.-
\t(,.,"
one d.l) 3n~ (.'r.aZIL'Tfh"n 11"- MJt:.;1. ~~ 50 or 100 ~\.".J"at..'U.dLlt.,l nun \$)ukJ \\ ..I~ on fht,.-
2 Underline the words .n the box thai are both wrbs and
nouns.
/a",,(It
152
bunch explore vehicle nun ..rblt circle plan .!I,Jtcllitc lunar ru~l1t experiment :-1.1110011I-1$u race
'luCl"~ \1.ln) '''It.'flti'''sclaim 11131 if hunt.I" ~lCln~' are ever (01(,.'\.,\1 in the future lO emigrate to .lllllChc( ptUl'-.:L Ihe \foOI) would be 'h~ir til..,' f,hOCC,L. H ,\""nll)\~r' of the public \\'\'1'(' IX'~irlning co express cone vsn at the enormous COSIuf urc ~J)aee nICC. l' 11)el1, C~I" IZ April 1961. the Soc.}, 1\.'",~ICIII,:' .Inollk!t IH.ll't.h lin the Amencan-, wben \ (!i\UJ" I look Yuri (.;;lJ.,t;.lrln101' .l .. ms:k: orbit around the r:.oJnh. ')l,\uulln),t the- ~ man in "IpJ(C'. (i 11h.. pun was tLIiiI..ic..T than \'on limun', hut It \\"3.... Ill\: nne dL11 \\.1" eventualls :1dop1 ... -d II H) then. 'CicnlCb bcpe thc;:~ '" rll h.,\..: Itk.'f'ltlflt'tl ,uh ..ble l'Ol'k. ...and olht-r nuru-ml.. tnr the
f)
3 Rand Ihe lexi quickly and underline lhe words from the
box above.
conwrucnon the ~IOOIl. station. ~lilllc"\, watched on n' ">CfC<..'J\.' .111 o\.:r til\: wru'hl iI!\ Ann:--IronJol'look one ."nall .... ILp 101"n),IIl; one
or
~I:tnt I\.ui'> lor mankind'.
Unit
18
Moon. Von Braun favoured sending two rockets into
2Ilorbit round the Earth, one to refuel the other, which would then Ifavel to the Moon. But other scientim at NASApreferred to fire a two-part spacecraft direct to the Moon, where it would separate, with two crew members descending to the surface while a .!< third circled the Moon in the other part. When the
lunar landing was over. the spacemen on the Moon
Race to the Moon

On 4 October 1957, the USSRlaunched into orbit the world's first satellite, Sputnik,. h was a Ifemendous success: th~ Earth had a new moon and it bore the letters CCCP. Then the USAlaunched its first satellite, E.plor~r " on 3t January' 958. Sixmonths later, President Eisenhower created NASA.the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, which immediately began the Mercury programme to launch a manned space vehicle. II , I On 25 May' 96', President John F Kennedy told the USCongress 'that this nation should commit ruelf to ach,eving the goal, before the decade is out, of launching a man on the Moon and r~turning him safely to Earth'. The Apollo project had been born. IThat came when an Atlas rocket sent John Glenn Into space for five hours on 20 February 1962. BehInd the scenes, however, NASAwas very uncertain about exactly how to get a man on the
would rejoin their companions, leaving their landing vehicle behind. L I Finally.on 16 July 1969, Apollo" set off for the JO Moon. The names of the astronauts on that Ifip would go down in history: Neil Armstrong, Edwin Buzz Aldrin and Michael Collins.Neil Armstrong, after four days In space, climbed down the ladder of the lunar module Eagle, which had landed on the ." Moon's Sea of Tranquillity. He stepped off on to the surface of the Moon.' ",I I Other visits to the Moon followed. The last time was on lS December 1972 and it was. as President Nixon had predicted, to be 'the last timf inr'-th.c.is;,--, ... century that men will walk on the Moon' LI..,-_:-, Experts. however, brought him down to earth saying the President had 'good intentions but they are unrealistic', Although NASAhas decided to leave the Moon in " peace, the same cannot be said of the private sector. Private space companies such as International Space Enterprises and General Dynamics, both based in Colifomia, will be launching their first m.nnod space flights to the Moon in the near future. In the long ;0 term, they .,m to found the first colonies on the Moon.' I The plan looks a bit like this: the first stage will take place in 20'0, when robot explorers will be sent to the Moon to gather information concerning the " suitability of the soil. Ten yea" later, by which time the ideal area will have been found, astronauts will arrive to carry out experiments on the spot and they will start building the first station. I I If all goes well, by 2060 the first colony on the eo Moon will be ready: a huge space station shaped like an igloo, which will have been equipped with all the latest technological gadgets. h will also have been fumished to receive its first guests: several hundred scientists for whom it will be the first home in space. 6; It is not unlikely that after several decad~s, or perhaps a century later, these igloos will have Increased in number. I, . I
LJ
153
* One small step

5 The correct answer IS mtss'"g from these mulbpje chOICe Question.. Wnte )'OUI own COfrect answer by a dose read'ng of the text,
Grammar
Future forms (2): future perfect simple, future perfect continuous, future continuous
You use the- future perfect simple for actions or events that will be finished before a certain lime in the future. PreskJeflt Blish ddlmOOlhal br the yNr 2029, the USA ",II,ha"" ,ent. man to M(lf$ You use the future perfect continuous for continuous actions In the future. You often use H with for. ThIS,(lIllmer 1'/1hDve boon livmg m this house for IwPlve years. You use the future continuous for: actions or events that will be in progress at a speCific time In the
) nk: US\M
liS.".
~uc.:'(c:c:tk.'din
1\ dl',(:u\ ,-'nnl( d nl'" moon.
IS n'aching Ilk."~Ioon before the C I.) Ih{' ti\~ld
o.
1l1'()f)aS;:lnda.
2 1711' Neill/In lint" (ll) I\:f,,:r~ 10 A Ii IlrbhlnJ{ round the Ruth.
C >-tl'lIin$(.1 nun hUH space. J) '\1Ul'njn,J: ~llt'l) It) f:anh. 3 11,,:1.anc.lir\Jl on Ilk: 'i(llnn in\oI\"~
future.
The as{rOf)3UtsWI" be (rave"",!} to Mars this rime next
wee/;.
predicted trends in the future.

All st1Jdenrs
"--------:Ii alkI
C
",nbe doing their homewoI1c
on compurers
II)
rhe futlJ(e.
!)
two .I... lnKldUIS I''\''O rockl.'"b. three ,1..uun,JUI'" .lIld 0fM: nx.k~. ,h(,,-,\, .l""rUf\;IUI...and three
n)l~f,.1!11
something that isalready planned.

1'1be (/(,""'9 down 10 LOfIdon~
~?
1 Find examples of fUlUIe forms In the last p.;!ragraph of the reading text on page 153. Underline them.
so vdoydarn you come WIth
... \VhcN' uilu,... for "p.leCo:cxploranon will rrnh.hl) nno be fulfilled?

A \'(11'1 IJr.lul''i
U I'r~... kknl Kennedy .... C 1',\".;ldl'lll Nixon's

1) -
2 Match lhe clauses In li<l A With the clauses in lostB to mak~ complete sentences,
A
; The IUlltt'll"Oll nim 01 ",'l:.K1:
Il
)'t~;II'IX'(":lu ..e
COnlrl.lnie.s ts
,\ 10 1II,lk,,' 1)4.:01"1;." c rnlgt:1h; lo
1'1:" rclilin): lht, fhe ... hopping
\Iu()n
U In I"uld houx.", of 'foon rucks.
I \\'(.ltl'l 1..1\,, IUIk.'IH dn Ilk" IOU)lX'f'Cl'" because ,lI(
----:-:-:_
o In '1.ln nUnnt"d t118hL"i 10

\kll(lfJ
me
O~'the .. '00
Iht" 11... centur)'
I well 00\ e been "bole hour!
\\~Ihns:
h,,"\.'
(Of' .I
If ) OU \\":ull a Ilh to the Mallon,
6 Find WOlds In the text that mean; - send _'p .,,,",,:t,.rr into (p:lr.I(tr.lflh Il
tlle~)
coeec .llons: On
6 \13)' rhl'1i )4..".Ir
we'll be ~;ng on the 1)l',Kh on the." Coe!w Ura\ J,
".. ~ \\orft have ,I"hcd h) then I'll be working .lliinurnin)(,
- ..u(.~..:~cdinSt 111 dUing sornerhing
Ipamgraph 2) - pn:f\.I'rl'd (p.U.IJ4lilph .il - !\i,kl whm i~ tt(lln~ 10 h~IPJX'n in (he fU1UJ\: (lxu'Olf.tfUph ;) - ax-"c,ph: "'1\0 kIHI\V.1IOl.111Ol1l
M1f1k,JlIn,k (r>ar.IJ;I':lph ;)
- 10 q"IR an 0'1t-lni1... nion ur 10\\11(p.If:IICI'Jph 6>
non'r come In Iht 'i1.llion ;1' nine becau .. \C 1M..' "'ill have been I~chin,t.: for I'IL.u'ly ;0 years.
build a
154
Unit
18
3 complete these sentencesUSIngthe correct foon (future perfect

SImpleor contInuous, future
Ii) ContUlUOUS)
of the ~rbs In brackets

__ (hullth.
Ilk' Yt',lf 1-060.the
1i~1~IOl)n .... anon
1. \\11\'" Ih\,
a"lrol\;1I1(,\ gel back 10 Fauh Ih,,') __ (h c ) in -p.rcc ti,.'lIl1'Cl' I1lonth"i. ~ now IU.lllY pL'uplc __ (t"(>lnl;:)10 tbe p:\l1)' nil S;ulInJay? t By Illidnlt-thl I __ (finl:-h' rt::tdin~ Ihl .. h()fll~ , I __ <11 In London tomorrow. Ml I won't bt.. able to conw
Space race r hots up

NCXIweek Iuof'ks un inlPQrlOnl tittle III rutin's explorntinn "'J1:&Cc. On ~ October \\c -th:11 is the Ru~ ... illn' :ult1lhe Americans - (1) __ spnce for 4() )c:m.. The American ~loon Ini,... ion (2) nc.arly 30 )"(01.1"' of 'Iud)hl the 1\IOIiln ...lIurfacc. Ii) Ihis urne 100nmTU\Y.lhcfiN private n", ... ion to the ~1ool1(3) __ At prI'oCI) 16,~OOOll",the General D)n3.Jlllcs COlnlX'n), of Los Augcle, (4) __ its Yeuus meLel \\ilh u crew or 1\\'0 men and 1\' 0 women, 111cir uhn \\'111 he 10explore the surface or Ihe l\1oon and :1< they do so the), (5) __ for n ",uilublc ~~" 10 build the firtH space station. It i,nn I..'xcilin~ momcm in me hhtory o( ,pace e'(plomllon and it means Inc monopoly Ihal ~o\Cmlne-nl or::3nizations have tud on ~P'l'-'\: " ..vel (6) __ 10 an end oflt:r"'O )~" 01 ""ace e'CpiOr.llion. In Ihl" unick: "\\'C (7) __ at I)".n\ 10 pul
ur
(}nw h.lIl<I\."r .. __
- It Y"" __
In lilt"liH.~lhl~ f
'" Uy r"'~'\~llt)l:r I __ (..;Iud}. FJ"Igh~ ror Ihn."t ),,";11':uld I p4an 10 ~") on 1111 I p,t:1l'mticjency~
.,'
Cfini..h) l)tuldlng 11", nx~ h) 11,uN,I.IY nut "he) lhe or t()mom;mC\cnln~.can I bonu"
4 Complete "us text uSIngthe correc1form (future perfect simpl.or

continuous. fU1ure continuous) of
one of
the verbs bek>w in each come

become
space. Use one of the verbs twice.

reach lind expiore IOHIo; (.'lunplc.,tc ~~rch launch vi"it
5 Fonlsh th~ ~nt~es

Br ,hc..' .. .oM (,. thl'" ('("f\lU1), ..
Ur Uk.' \ .... 11 102<'1 Ur Iht, ~'I'<I Ilr till' 21!o( century, ".
unJil\~u'Ypeople into space ror the fir" ume, 1l

i!i poo.sible IhAtm leAst <\OlllC :r;cicnll(.l" (8) __ the Moon by the middle of the 21~t century. and .... OltlC uf them (9) __ n new home in:-idf.:their lunar- igloos. But it 'iCcnl~ unlikely Ihln ordinary people (10) __ the ~'luulI. \\ hcrher Ioe business or pte ...sure. ror" 1(l11~ nme )et, However. scienu ......':I)' Ih:u b) the end of the 21s( century. holid:a)~ on tbe \100n (II) __ :1... ... C"Ommun ~ hohdl) \ In
lhe
BM.;","tas.
c:-:..~"
* One small step

Vocabulary
Odd one out
1 Underlone the wo,ds that do not go ",.th tho> verbs In
bold launch fOl.:k\.'( hiC)(fc:
hO>l1 :;IU:I<:'-:
Speaking
1 Wort ... th a part~r and do the task bElow.
11ll;I)l:Ul'-'you ;II\: gomg
",p:-u;c:c.rJft
tc...... nn
to be a Inember u" die
fiN
campaign
reamto go and ftve Oil the .\Ioon '''our \'1,11 \\ ill I~

lor ,... \,1.'1\11 )'car.,. LoOk at the fhll1g. .. I)\;kl\\ lhou )()U (..111 f:lkc with )00 :tnd cJl.'cicle'(\hich Ihl't.."C Illlll~l'oyou would (1100."'4:. Tell YOlll' partner YOUI' <.:hCJlll'l\,IIKI
2 tll~coY\:r AJIk. .. dl';' relevisson rrurh penicillin 1i,Ltluhulb a IlC,,' plant ,i explurc IUlIgI(' crime the CO;L~I space di"c,IM.' u country ~sil)llftll.''' found ('OluIlY tre ..... sure Cilr in:-lilult. IlIOner echool J)(l"llit:11
~ eornruh error :-UCt.'l"-'Ci murder ~\"lr:-.l'lf .JloPI)in~ crime ~i('"KIc
,t:ilr'(,' ~ .. .sOlt~.
2 Discussthese questions.
I).~) ou think th...: Il)OJl'-1' -pem nn -pacc Ir,t\ c l' rusufiedr \V1IKh l.'UUnlry do rUll thlnk \\ IIIdCHllin.;II\.' 'l~k.\" U'~I\ t"J in tJ~ furur.;? .)n rOll Ihlnk pt.-opIe \,-dJ L ...'et li\\.' on Ihl' ,,__,.u \\'ou)d YUlilike to Ih e on me .\Icxn'i \nl)) \\ h) flnl?
(, ~pc.nd
nklflt.') tunc the nigh. (n:... Il<IIicb,.., e{f,", e--nltg.~ home\\urk
2 Co~ete these sentences using t~ cooeet fonn of one of t~ \"",ch In bold above
\i\~.\ \\~l" _ art
19S8b~ Pn:::o;Kk:ru:
EL-.cnl\Ql.\cr
2 Rohot" \\ III be "4:IU to __ I~ ..urtace of lOt.,,\luun .Intll)(inlot h.I('k infonn;lIion. j A JUI01 p..'VI,-, C1Jlk.: 10 sec tllC reck vt lxir\g_ I U, in):'IOllc \\';I~ the fil~' l:urVp4..-:'ln ro makea 'an _ III till' i'.lInhc7i river in Africa. I) _ (:II' Ion much 1110U'-')' when ) vbih .. xI London. (I I (.,111',__ ul)f ... elf to ha\ hlg l'hildrt'n.
Unit
18
Listening
1 Well< wlIh a pan_ TeM your lor the luture are.
Vocabulary
partner what your plans Word formation: prefixes and suffixes
1 Complete thIS table. Make positive and negatIVe adject'ves from the \'erbs on the felt. uSIng the prehxes ut>-and 'n-. and the suffixes -able and .. ble
r\CI'h ;I(,.'hl\-\,'

2
IE! You WIllhear
f,ve people talk,ng about their plans for the luture. Choose from the list A-f the sentence whiCh matches each speaker Us. each letter onty once. There is one extra letter whICh YOll do not need to use.
,\ 1-":1-1111.: i... lUll :I \ 1.'1)'
HOUU :'1\ld\4'1t
he.1l
hvllcvc
l'(lIl1p:lrt"
Speaker 1 L
_J
tll\1I11
cure
He: ,o,;h\.' \\o\lklliJ...\.'
10
,tud) ..h""lti. ~pe:lkc .. 2l C J h.:...)M: \\ .lIll .. In 'nlk),, in tl~" her ......... r .... rooL-'(C,.,...
der~u
defend c.k:l1ne dc:~nbc
c.k..""t'CI)'
cJlj.:l""'l
'pe:lker 3
He ... I~
\\ClUkJ
like 10
make
UlIIIll-'Y
dnnk
t";U
E J le du- plan ...10 do

")ln~lhil)!{(.1\...1(1",
expl.lin
Speaker S ,,@,,'I'J""-L_.J
(ot)th c
pr\)IIO\IIH:C
r H~ ~I~ \\:U"" H) hl'

u...:ful
Iv 'i()l'jcIY
1'(.'('oW'b:c "''';llue
2 Rewnte these seoteoces USIngone of the adJeCbves aboYe

I '11tt"
,~u jmJ"
III.'
u'flld(HL' is i,,~lt:scribt,blt*.
I I 1""1 la.ft (cll)"uu bow be;lutifulllM.! \'1'l"\\ t- (1'\)111 Jn~ \\ inck)\v 2. 1 \\111n"",'tor focgh'C)"ou for the \\.Jy }"'<'U hchon-.:d l{ Ih,,' 1'Xlnr. j "lI:l't' I... no \\'3) anyone can kill Superman .. 'k) one can Ileal us :11 basketball. S "tt'y PUt SO much sah in the food ihar no one c.'uulcJ t,'";11II 6 !'IOUIC FnUU ..h words like s",8(1I',brend and 1I1111J tire .lhv;IY'.;ill~tll!lr. 7 '11 It.' O()(,10rentd 11il."1'C 'vas nothing they could do
:11 )(JUI Illl' dl.;;c~I!'It:.
(JIIIl1tl
X I have no idc!J why the waiter behaved like uuu. C) Anthony':; dbgui:.c was so good 111;11 no one tl.-alill'd II \, ' him ,1\.lnk. .. M) much. J couldn't have nuna.b"\..od '\ltho~11 lour hdl'
157
* One small step
Vocabulary
Words often confused descend
one of the
Speaking
reduce
1 Wo<t WIth a pertner Of In a g,o,-". AI~you optimostl( Of peSSlmostJ<: abou1t~ fUlure? What changes w ' lak~ place .n !he next hundred yeatS 1 DISCUSS !he topICS below, USIng fUlUre forms USe expresSIOnSfrom the box
ctncs (nud cducanon rich and p.)Or juh..
decrease wordsabove.
1 Complete these senten<es USIng the correct fOfm of

It b~ .. '\:Jl1le(;UI.JIl't' tl' \\\: __ the nlOUlll.nn, l There Itl" been a __ in the number of tuhl~'rk.'~ In our arc.l. .l 'I'I\.' UUI111l\.1of J)c:oplc: gcnlng married i.. __ ~II Ih ... tlun-.
.. ShopI'>__ lhelt price.-. duting lhe bak:~ S I~IH)car Ilk~n. \\',,~a __ of three per rent tn rhe
entertalnmeru c.."Clmput(.'f"I
{If
/ ,/tj"l It'usl {x,(J/J/(' u'(11 lrurk
,It,- .11,,",
ht}"'t"~,,tlte IlIldr//e
(1,/
(.('111/11,1'
Useful language
Asking for opinions Expressing opinions
rate of i"":-Ilion. 6 111\.'1);.11I00n __
S!ra.duaU} :.IS the ;lit Co .nnc
CJUt
Phrasal verbs with get (1) get along gel round get by get across gel away
Whar do you Ihmk abour 1 In my OPinIOn 1Mla1~ your opinion of .. ? II Seemsro,,.,. IMlaI aboul you? As I seE' 'I
I pet>oruRy~
...
2 Complete these senteoces usmg!he correctfOfm of

one of the phrasal verbs above USe two of the verbs twice I Shc'~very ~ ;.n__ her me........ 'gc __ 2 It'~ilnpof1:IIH to be :lhlc tn __ \\1Ih your
neiS(hhuur", j Il's.1 ,o;(,.'I'lou$ problem. \lIe J11U,St __ il :iouh'ho\\. 1 t'll comc to the ln~'llng bUI rll have 10__ :l bi! l.':lrly.
Agreeing I (""I r~ WIle way as you , ~ree Wlrhyou
Disagreeing (polilely!) 1_wIIal you mf!.)(l, but
You could
1thmk you'", nght. I agree.

11'Iot'svel)' flUe.
be fight bUI .. ~ s, but don't you th"'k
1don'r agree (hilt, ThiJ(~ (rue, bur what aboul .? You haw. a palm, bur on (he olher hand .,
5 The robl>t,'t\ __ with a rni1lion pound-. 6 \'(11,.' dun', h:l\t; 1l1Vlh nloll~r but we- have enough
t(~_
., 11lC ne... ,~ of hi., dc;.uh __
\(.'1)'
quitktr
'58
Unit
18
Writing
1 Read th.s question.
An illlcrl1:tlion:11 young J)l'npk-'s rn:ag'!t7.1OC j"l In' v .... u)t:llin~ the {IUl ..tion
Me
- ---
~pI. """'adaysa",~lmbelc a"'~ e althou h th' f"", "_ are optlml&:.c ~.cauee, t>,,1Jcv.. 9 ;ere are """y problem. .n the world. :;hey
tr. ":~ung
-_-
'U"""" "
SClera WIll flnd an answer:
\,\~h:ltdo r()un.~ peopl c feel :thotu (hI.:! futun:? An; they

QJ),hl1l-itic or PC:;.:-hllblll'
\\ nrc au article ortx(\\l.'\.n 110 and 180 \\(...u ...on lhb

101'1('
&ce tI worfel which itt gctt/nt.l more I an more cro"/ded Ao 5UJ' I diM It . a '" t, It Is becoming mo", CU to find .... k: .. enIf ~pI. eo to u";"'",' t~ are - au", t~"YMn .. able to lin" joI1 rty. a, ""rwat>ls. <~_~~ the .._.. , i5 .~ w~_ ..
:' Th"t! pC66imisto
"no-""" """"'"
2 Here are two students' answers to the quesuon above,

Read them quickly and 9,ve them an overall mark using
I I
year 2050 til. pap"ir>Uon of the world Will have u1CfCS6cd50 much Ch.eil. there 'wilt !Ie eerlou6 .cologlcal problem&.
the scalebelow.
\crr t"ioc.xI IS-1O A
A 101. of you~ people In our day. "re pe.i",lo~ for the fuw.... $0M1. people are more optImlet, T~ ~ru' iellk lwaYlJ 6omewh..... to oh. Centre.
p0.!.,-' ll- II Un ... III,,(J(._IOI) --11 \'cl') un'Ylbr:I(.1()I) l-h
Guod1;-1-
pro~
On the oeher hDrid, the Optimist" feel tn.~ in the past madi"" ha.. ""'naged to
(d'
6 ''''''50.
!)C1t"Uscs will
do";
, on" I
I
c",", wfth .1' < nds of f'O'..... y) .. 11<1 they t>dlove we will
again. They "Ileve h 8 CU~ for dleeH ! IYtl
com. up
tn"~
L_.
people IVIII
hllve mOre leI$ur~
es.eo,".$
cancer Dnd AIDS ,_ eh f ' ...N I r; lItllre.
The """lmI5~ 8n: pe5 ml,.t thingt' ..... gemng ....."".. "I
""""50 of they tIIln~
the time. "hio may II. 15 trotll, A p'''miot io usually 6eel~ thel7.od of thine', Some pee imi5te think. th"t III. in lIie cl(;/e. lIiII ~e 0"& more war ee, They tIIlnk the poIutlon Bnd traffick proml>lem5 willgtt woree. 1"ar . '0 t~ In til. oth ... h"nd, the fOO<f we e;tt i.snd ~I.., work
"'d.
My OWnle.li~ i9 thIlt thlry" 8r. nOt eo bDJ lIuc to pion c.or.:ful~ if the futun: ill got"" to e a and happyone for the rich, ~. "at ju"t
t~t we need
,,"ft
and the v.'lItQ i. gt:t(;/ng Ie.... The pe%1m"'WI.re ~yin0 .., ,,'II to mak. the war for ""'tor. not for
I"'troll. , ""''''' read this of poople Me 5Byfng It.
*--
to &he ne"'5p"l"'"
snel many
Id you wear and why?
For .:;onclueion. we can to oay that it will trc more poor people Into the tu-...,re, Th. rich will lie gct more
nch and
the poor IW
.. act mote poor.
For .1 tileee, t am too 1"'&.lmiot for tho Nwre,
3 Add
nctes
10 each answer pointing out why illS good
orbad
4 Now It~ your turn. What do you feel about the future? Are you pessimistic or optimistic? Write your article JOT
the
magazine.
159
19
From rags to riches

Conditionals (2): third and mixed; modal verbs (2): certainty and spKulation (must ma~ might could, can't)
T HEWATIQ .. _ ....,.co
Read ing
-1'
-lj
i
...
~~'::"l:':'I:;~;' :,::.:i~~:~/~~;: -:::: ;.,-:::.

-"~UlilI.lJII'i~j~ il' iHltlUf ",,,,(jlf
.......
,1"!j',t!
!~.t1.
11,ifll,,II
II ISjj".loj~
''''''(JI
JlJtlMJr '.1(1":,,, ',)rt':J"'~ I ... tH~'_-'-'=O." ..
TAO. hll.~"Us'le'l~,rOc'~lt,," O)PI~ p',l""",,,m, tlb,c"e, rs "'.... '" ..,....
1 Readthe text qUICkly and ~ find out which of the follOwing num~ IS M" unlucky, "I" l~.il;l>l 11 b I! IS 2<" , .619 c I.. !.. 3.\ 3.'4 '12 1<lll~I~(J
250 (X)())ea,...), the winnc ....will receive. by h~ on winning the Lonery \OOr~! David 30roday'sstandards. bcl"'CCII onefind four Jones InvCS(igalc~their ch:llltX\of wiuulng. pounds each.
-c:; Boc:Uo's lat~l
n;;llion,,) ltpcn1 ""(en,, to have Clu:lu the ilT)lgin:uion O(IUllitOIl, C1( 1 people up and down Iht counll') 1llc hN srudies publi~hed. OO\\'e\ cr. do IQ ..... ::~)' 'kit it j, the te- w~lI'Qn \\00 vpend more on the l.oc.lCf'). \Vhal c.iulnce do ,hey 10hnve of winning the coumte ....rnilltOlCt lhey dream or!
71723 32 3S42
_~'i. numbers'?
121526~J649
~"1
\\'11:11 is the difference hct\\n use-e
The an'\\~r t, 17280(100 po\IOO' The first number won the ~11!r) on IS JUflUary and there were 133 winner, - chey won 122000 pouud...l."!K:h'I"~ "t.'Cond
sequence carne up in the LUllcry of 10June

The winning numbers (01' RlllollcriC." un.: chosen 31 random. Evcryol1 Illl~ 10 belle, c fhaltheir numbers hnve os s,ood 11 chance ns lS any of corning up. The fOCIl' lhtll u The concluslen is Ihal if we tncw II... : -:CCI\!1 cornbinauonIi~e J 2 j ..a 5 6 hl\~l\~much or numbers, it would be \\lorth quke 0101of chance or corning up as ony Other. but mceey, S3dly. we don', -c tbere is no people M.ill prefer n group of numbers "' ith ofSSltuisticaJ explanation (or th;'" di"'c:~occ. 3 completely r:.ndonl ~U('nce, cueh a, Tbere j, no te".ason \\h) ()1lCnumber ,hc:.uld ~ ~527 32 II J3 17 be more likely 10 come up than 3nother. tbough}ou \\ooldn'l ha\C thoulht -o, tooting :n the C'al"eful~ ..)' in whICh people 'e'\'ettheleu. eyer) \\\.'Cl abotillen ~) choose therr 10Iler) fickel5. thousand people do choose the nurnbcr I . I 23456 "hen ,heypl.) in the Loi'cr), Bearing in mind Ihill me Nallonal Lottery is Ag31n, what is the difference be ....\\\.'(:11 the 1; shared every week lunong nil the ,jclr.cl numbers 142433384247 lind 14 1722 24 holders" ith the \\'innina IIUlnbct. thh 42 ~7? TIle answer; in Ihh Cl1'~C. i"i hre and means Ihat wbcn I 234 :\ 6 dC')C, hnully deam. The !irsl lK"<luCOCI;: represents (he come I,Jp (nnd it is likely 10do so in rbe next $$ numbers played every \\ cck by Tim 10 and w 11\won by only n single ticket. ,,,,hOM: happy owner won 17.4 1l1Ulionpoullds,
f60
Unit
19

3 For C)\IeStions 1-7. cboose the correct \~:n kind on'IIIt.?
0( iJI'$ve< A.
B. C Of D popular
pc,,"C,.-,k i." (he
1.0flet'l11l0\1
A people whc dream of becoming
Ih.:h
B peoplein lilt' northand~ulh uf Hl'Il,lin
people (nllll
o the poorer
.111 \(x:lal classes

c~ a
members of soctc... )
I..oIt\."I")'
2 ~kN.people" hu pla~ 00 the number hk(.'

O'Brien and SLC"CSUII1I1CI, until O'Brien's
A351
...72
death hl1>1 June. TI,e second ,crle:, or I1UI1II)ICr'il'i th: .. which C3111eUI' the night betore he died. O'Brien h.IMI Ioegeuen (0 fill rcOC\\ hi, tK:ket ;md. bclic\ inl: thai be had kt~, hi, or the j:acL.poc (a ,hare \\'OO.h nmund two million pound,), he committed suicidc the next day,
II 2,68
to t!
C Il3.jH. 09876;1
"we
:\ \\'m \\111I L.I ppc..'1"1 wbenthe nu.ulll'r

\\In":
13 ...5 6
l
0;
Tbc numbers, bowcver, do lUI( match,

(ndcctJ.his hard In 'I: bow 3n)One could
a'i
\\,111 get CnOM1(lUb ,\O.nl\, B The wlnncrs will ,h;\I,-.'4 000 pcund. C A few people \,,111 ..hare ~I lUI of money I) /II. Jor ot people will share 3 lot of "loney, A 'l11C winners
thlnllh..-W rile) did m:.t1ch,j\llliullbey
have
In coeunon (apan from lh~ (uur numbers

Ihal rbey ,hare) is a randoln 'look', hut this \\;1\ enough for fhe untorumnre O'Brien, In
7t)
" ~'hrdid ll~ nUlnht,''''00 IOJunf.t\\ln 1""4 milhon pound ..?,

A It was ol'\lr Ih(,., M'COnd time it had come up,
t'uet. he h.Kllost. or would mo-e lost. only 54 l'IOtUlds, \"hich \":&:' Ihe:: pritC (or
Illllu:hinJ; four numbers out of ~h::, Numbcrv an: lucky for some bu! die> can be foW for
Olhc,'\,
c: There
B There
\"el~ il lUI
\\';1'
or wluee
..... ,
only one: \\ Inner. I) The lucky (Jc.Ju.:t wns \... otth J loe of n'lnner
-;m.~ did o'ar
... :1'1 ,,'otrunil :"I-uki<k~ lie IIlCHJglu
---
"'J'
JI)l1f1l 11)1,," .. )("-)(11;
.....,. n .... ""_~.
u ;;,;
"lf~)j .,Iltt " ...... " ..... / )1. ")II~
A he hold hOIl}th( Ih..: wrong uckt.:1 ti his hcJ<el had not \\'(1), C he had fUI'ltulICn to huy :l (h,kel
I) he h'ld IIC;lrl)1 won 3 IOl of nloll\,")'
[;~ ..... II........ lIellt!' .c ..... IIjI"illI II......
"" 4..... 1f'1II. ..... If.W' .....

Exam practICe. Part 1
,....~
",\I
6 In (:let O'nn...,,', Ikk('( would
)U\C
2 Choose the most suitableheading from the list A-H for

each part (t-7) of the text. Thereis one extra heading which you do not need to use.
A A new craze
-r
.\ won IlQlhin,: IS won a "1\all ;uununl o( money C oe:lJ'l) won a Inc or money. l) won 1\\'0 mllhon pounds.
\\'I~t i.. the ;Iulhnr 'i.1ying aboutbur-nit :l lroe!) ticket? ,\ choose it

\-Ct)
<: \
Ii \ t:Jed rutsakc "ilhuchance I) ,\ waae of lin'll'
urcf\IUy
n
;11\1;:1 money
;1
E 1\11 numbers ~Ife rauduln
I: Snl:.11 gait1.\- and <.i Ah--.c:-ntnlindcd "I _'f.;lgknu~
hljt ~ain d(bed

~,'(,T(._>t
know abotu 'I,uhlir:;; C choose :11\)' number I) work 0\1( whjch number is like))' to come up
~I
161
,.. From rags ro fiches
Grammar
Conditionals (2): third and mixed
You form the third conditional with If + past perfect. + would have + past participle. You use the third conditional to speculate about possibilities in the past that didn't happen. /( II<> hJ rent/wed lid IICkel. he vJOUldha.., woo 54 pounds.
You use may have. might have or could have when
If I had kIlO... .." .bour this t!IICr. I could hal' '' Slapped him making such fool of himself You form a mixed conditional with If + 'WOUld + infinitive. You use i1 mixed when you want to (onne<\ a possible the present, If I /oiJd boughl a 'ICk." I would be "ch
+ past perfect.
conditional p.a~tevent \vith man
/lOW.
the result of the pas, possibility Is not certain. If he hJ gone 10 Un}W!fSlty, he mighl have become a
prof.ssor
Exam practice: Use of English, Part 3 1 for questions 1-7, comple,e the second sentence so thaI 01has a somilarmeanong to Ihe forsl sentence, USU1g the word grven. Do not change the word goven. You must use be,,_" two and f"'e wo<ds, onduding the
wold given.
I I h(ltl~lu ;1 rickt:l and I '\'()1) eorucnlOClC). hadn't
I( I .In) nll~'c;')
7 You (uuldn
.1 hckl,.'l.
\\-'10;10}1hlll~ because roo d.dn't hu~
mip,.lu
If)'cI\' hOld bougfu :111 ..).;\.'1, _ ..onX1hul,1.;,
2 Chooseone 01 these se<ltence stal'lers and WIne a

short
I \",uukln I h.,\C won
story oi aboul _
I,nes. You can
make the
condolOonalpositive ()( negat"'"'

\\'00. Jj'1 IIad ROlle'to the })l01I'. IU'Ullld IUII/tl ,,,t'/./ohn. 1/1 'ultl NIt'IJohn. I Uy)u/llhlll e lluIIC:etlll'illl hflll If Ilultl II,"/(:(vl ,,"1I1ttttsn. It~ II ould 11111-(' (HL'(vi II'(_>(JII'
2 \1) number dldn Cwm because it w ,1)'1'1'. random lulszht

If 1f1)numberhold
3 I dkln
II 1
huy the hou'oC IlI.."CluSC I didn't have

11lOI\4._).
enou):h
If t tsadn
would
.fTor(kd hou.. c.
;
't.. bouglu Ihl,.~
I At(1I1P to the /kIn,' I u'Ould" Ilta't' ;11,-1 jQlII' / lly",ltlu', II(U1(',1",,(,(/ "J,II hin ?{ 1tmdn , Iln",'(>(/It'III,III11', /I,. '1'011111" " tuuv (lsJJed
If IIUJIIII I i1il'f.foltll,
111(>0111
I rC)(fCI nOI huyihi( tluu li('ke.:t h~C'3U~'II \\ on :1 Ihou "lnd poend..
woutd If I h.lt.!bought th,n tnket, I

:1 thou ..and pound .. n<.-hcrnow.
_
,,-1
If I h.,... 11'''''' til the PIon) If I had ""Khl-d in anorbcr rounu), .... If I had been bern in __ ... , If I had fal""-\I(he ~X~UIl,
S Juhn .irrlved
l)lIIlClu:aJl)'
J:IIC, SO \\C
couldn't
nil' on ume.
IfJohn
on 1111.....
we c(luid\c SCIotT
.J
3 finish these sentences USinga moxedcondotoonal

I
If J had
"fill
the
"kUlle:..'
6 lie ~.lInb!t.,d
lot .1IK.llu:-t all hl.. tnC)'h,,'

he \vO\,klu't have lo::-t
. Illy),,"1 ROmund thv Uorltl
so
Ir IK' ,III hb, Juune}',
If J had won the nlt.'1~)"' ... , 2 II'I h:u;l r,I"sed Illy ex.IIU, '" ,; If YOO Iud COIl1~10 lilt., P.lfI~. "* If Cofulnhu .. hattn", dl"",'O\'cr\."t!Anll..'fM.-.a" S Ir I had I'k:en berrer :11n1.lIh..... , 6 If I h.rd ,..mdlcd l-nure when I wus )(J1I1l~"", ".
162
Unit
19
Speaking
1 Work w'th a partne< and do the task below
vou ha\ t:
\\Ul
the l.ll[II.',)', \\ har arc
)1.1U ,.:oiu1-t In
do
\\ IIh the Ilt()Ol;:r? (:hol)X-' two lhing.'i frlllll
tlu- pictures
and cxplnln YOUI'(holt\.~ to your p.lttner
2 lief. ate some things people often say about money. WhIChones do you agree WIth most and v.try1
~1()tlC.)c.klt""O I hi ")~ h;Jrrlnl.~-:
~ff"'{-'r talks.
You(:UII't hu) I()\~, 'rillh' h Illon{.')
lA'nd
)CKSf
nlOOl-'Yand kN! \OUr friend.
\\'I~ lh ... ,,:~ lIuk 1IM,:f\'", bra.,...

(tHu{k dift.
,1t;l .......
ItlCM'k1)
Vocabulary
Shops and services
1 Where would you hear the lollo\'"ng sentences? Match the places In list A With the sentences In list B.
A 1\
)'(,)Iu U h,I\'<: to 1' .1) lUI It .11 the lh~k'(li\u HtJ\\ much i. .. ir if I ..... -nd It v-x~ \\ hk_.h plauot1l1! I d hi" to wuhdmw Ill)' ,;l\ lngs. On \\ hlC'll floor IS lhe 1(1), dCp..1ItIUcnt1' I'd IIk{' to rvpon 1111..' 111.," uf some tr;'I\-,,,,lk'r', cheque .._ A 0""-'\\3) to L.ondon. pI\":l~ rd hkc.'10 send ,f n..1tl'olc-rcd n13i1. ph:J ...... 'rake the hn up to the tturd flnor. 1'u' Inni'S:lnd;l hot,;; or marches, ptc.I"C. I'll need a lrolley lor ,III Ihc_">C b:I~~. I'd like to open :, <.fern,..11account.
pu,,", nffic(.'
hank
tk'rxU'lnlcnl store
o..,,\,I$l\.lll
rJihv.1)-cuson supennnrkct
2 Unde<hnethe odd word oot m each group. Say wily rl is dllle-enl

I 2 3 .. ~ PK,,(;l('IU" 1>fkC.II,_..... C':l~hn:s:,"l.(.-'f c .... \,h d,"',k nl'\\,~lgelu bookseller dc,u ('cl'l(ly d.Ilrv ft,hltlonStt"t inV310.lhk check-out t.tilor h~IIlr.lln
n()ri~t
cheap
<"':1... h
card "1.ltioflC'r prh-'Y grocer
163
* From rags
(0
riches
Listening
1 EI You will hear a radio discussionabout the National
Lottery in Britain. listen and number these words in the
Vocabulary
Words often confused salary pension allowance
income
order you hear them.

approach netghbourboodovernight psychology difference folks national
grant pocket money
pay expenses wage
Exam practice: Part 4 2 EI LIStenagain. For questions 1-7,choose the best

answer A. 8 or C.
\\]h:1I proportion or the populauon plny the l.ou..:ry
1 Complete these sentencesusing one of the words above.

\~11 , '\'~L" :11university, nl}' p:lren~ gave me n Inonth1r -.
every weeki' A 50 1)1;;1'();1l1 II 90 per cenli

C ;8
t)CI'
2 Shop assistants geoet';\lIy eam 10'" __ . 3 "reachers' __ $4.."(;IU to be worth less and k.s:;
every month.
4 I :U11 going 10 gel fl __ rise next month. S \X'Ilcn J '\'~L" :1child, Iny parcrus used to give me two pounds __ \:\'cry week 6 I don', know ho\\' my grandfather manages 10 live
.. ''' ..<1 ..... _-'

3
cern
2 If },(M.I want to win. why~)()lIld you choose number like 32 .l.l .;) 56 37 391 BeC:lU5e A nQ4 111:11\)' people will choose ii, I' it is :1 popular mnnber. C it is likel)t 10 "fin. 3 I'roi\!:t:">orBc.IlOf1 :-ays playing the LonelY I':'
A understandable.
on his __
7 You 111USL declare all your __
to the lax :lluhori[;es" 8 Some :.tudcnt... in England gCI ~t__ from the l!()' crrunem 10 t)l'lp wnh thetr :,luoil',';,
9 The company
1';1)':-; 111)' 11':1\'(.'1
and
:IC('OI1l1l1()(I:tliol)
nO( Vet)'
sensible.
C dangerous.
4 Alison's job is A to read OUI the winning numbers. Ii to speak 10 the winoers.
Phrasal verbs with get (2) get out get over get on get through get down
(0
check the: winners'
I1~Ul1e.s.
5 some people phone the Lonely I.bli" because
2 Complete these sentencesusing the correct form of one of the phrasalverbs above. Use two of the verbs twice.
Has she __ her Illness y1..1? 2 Thi:> cloody weuher every day is hcgio,)jn& 10 me 3 l lcw arc you __ with the cxerci5c?' Have you finish.:d it Yd.? " The prisoners must have __ through a runnel. 5 She '\,:IS verr UpSCI :'11 flr51. btu I think shc's __
110\V.
rhey have had :1 Jot to drink. 10 meet the winners. (~ they like pretending Ihc~' have
J\
n thc~' want
Lm
'(\'01\,
6 Since Andrew
"'00
the toucry
A he hft.:-changed johs,
B his wife has stopped working,

C he has bought his Q\Vr'I t3.'~:L 7 \'("hy did Andrew and his family move h()tt..;cl
J\
il
6 11KJ you __
t.':UY
rhe licence number of {he rlueves'
They needed
~l
higgel' horne.
J-4ii"
B 'r'hc;:y lurd reeetved death (h~tt~,
7 I'\'I.! 1)I,..~n t!'yin!! 10 phone rCl\1 all <1:1)'but I couldn't
C They did not get on wuh the-if

neighbours.
3 W()(k with a partner, oscoss what other questions you would have askedAndrew Crossabout his lottery win. 164
Unit
19
Grammar
Modal verbs (2):certainty and speculation (must may, might, could, can't)
You use mutt or (,an'r to talk about something which you are certain "bout (often because you have evidence), He musr be {rom ScorlMd I recognize his accem from my hol.days rwo, Tnere Cdn'r be d mdrell on raday. OrhetV/ise twe would btl lon9 queues ourside rile sradium You use may, m/ghr or could to speculate about something you nr(! not certnin about. Jill could be on hohday She mighr be hurt abour what you $did yesterday You use the modal verbs + have + past particlple to express cert,l1nty or 10 spKulate about the past. She's Ioos.so tela.<ed She must ha", had a good holiday He may h6w! mer her ar Y>(Itt. rm nor SUfet. You can al50 use the mlln verb in its continuous (orm. They must have been wa.Mg for a long time,
2 WorI: WIth a paf1ner Make gUESSeS about the people In thesQ photographs What kind of people are they? What \Wfe they doong before the ph010graphs were takf:n] What are they doong ncm] What are they going to do? Why?
1"c' p..O/NC'"IHICA~mpl, J 11Iip,11I be Irou, 1I ,(It II.' " 11111.\/111114' mrm (I /oIlR ttme topnt thvtr nUl!'"
,,,Lit,,
"/10/1
1 Wnte iwo sentences about ~c:h of these s.tuatoons. USIngpresent or past modals and the
words ,n brackets,
A'tlt)' L\' 'Y-',)'/fnY/. (ll'OI'k h(trtll
titiscc'ta:
lI(glll)
She 11l11.lIIu." (,I)t't'" lI'(u'/.:IIIt-: hont.
.,he tou/,llulI 1 t\ lot

(.In).:.I')''
t' ~/II"
10111,(11.\('0 Itl.'" nlgill. the airport.
01 pcoplv ,Ir\' \\:Jtlin;;t at
flilJ:.hl tkI),
2 "Ie- e .. ,cf) hn"-'" CI tWM t'ounlry) C'llnb:nhlngl 3 Her bedroom hJ,:Jll nft. (:l."IIt..ocp) (,t:O out) l 11,t.."\ h.I'''' l).U"-.l'<.l thl:ir "I'\im1nin~ costumes. (.... ~J ... ld(.:) Cc.k'(~d,' I')uul)
' 'I
S J keep phcJtllnt: \r.uy hu. Ihcre'~ no reply. OK,hd.I)')(phone our or order] 6 ~phlL' kllul,:"... u h;I)).,), (II, trn'el Cp:'l'\S 1:.\3IU)
165
* from
rags to richf!S
Use of English
Exam practice: Parts 5 and 4
1 What are the n_ of these cards?
2 For qUl'5110ns 1 10, read the text below. Usethe word giver In c"pltats at
the end of each line to form a word that fils In the spaceIn the samelin. Ho,,' did card games bc...-giJl?
rhnt no (111(:knows \vll4,,'n till')' 'vert" Invented OJ'wheru the)' (.1111l' front "IO\Il'XPCN:-., how vver.bcltcv cthat pluying (';Ir<ll'> ~ l) c;Inl.. from \"j;1 'lhere is n rradnlon tb.u both Iht" ;IU(iC1l1Hmdu v ,IIHI ~111 ..1hn.. ILC;Cd round pJ~}InJ.: Card ( I)
J.(lIU1C"J.l.(J so 1.lf hack in hi'lIOI)'
IXAr.r OlllG11\ ~~It'w 1'110\1 n\1:J't,

1'1\'1"
(':lrcJ, lor
( II _
thl,.'h (,:\) __
(0. Ilh~ The
. hUI lflU'C .' no l'Onll,:h ..
Chjo~ ('Iai"llh~t{ then- \\,,'1\'
c..utl )t.Inll" In rtUJl;1 J' ,,.lIiy as the (Si __ century \CC'ONIIlS:II, Ihl'lr hi ..ton", ord/'> were an 1(11__ d"..... ,W't."'C.t 10 .Jnlu.--c the [X'nplc: in lht: pabt e- 0( .In ~.. , c..IlIt.'d'lIt'o-ho the first record.. we I'LI\\! uf
c-;ud ~Inll:'" III the \\ ""( date from (he-(8) __ (.,,'fllll" Towanl th"..(kAo.c..' Ullhl" (,...-nturv. card-, werv :1lr"'0:ld)"
\'('f\ popul,'r III Fr.Uht' Indeed, their (9) __ '(\,l!'>!'o(' j.tft';Uth.lllln,III~' It "a'" (10) __ for working pt.'Op!\.'IU pl:l~ (',.,d.. vwvpt on hulkl.lY d~t):-.,
L\U'IIIL
felt
Kin,
ronn \t\
IORIilD
3 For questions 1 13, lead the text below and look carelully a1 each line Someof the hnesale correct, and some have a word wfllch should not be thNe If a line IScorrect. put a lICk (.I). If a line hasa word wh><;h should not be there, write the word. A hI. tory of cards
n~ fiN t .ud' were _&\..,..er.all} n,,,,(_1anAUl.lror "<lu.1r c In Ih4..' 1 ..t,.Ipt" IhouAh ~xnC'tUllt.-spl.'Oflle pLI~I..--cJ;lnd wuh mund c..drd, ;i uny p..1t:k. .. of cards lNUU~ COo.'I'I'c..'ti or 86 C';1(\l.. an..' 1)( the I \:.Iru.. .. had be.... lJt=..no numbt.T anti "'3:-. t'allt'djilll \\ IUC:'h m 'i 1,,,,'n, h 1T~Jn, 'fool l11is is the card \\ ho we 00\\' 4..:,111 tJll' l) 1(11.;\.", During the fa.flL"Cnth century, the ,111{If \\'uot.! \'n8.1,l\lnM
- \\ a.. hUI't)(h.l('l.:d (0 Europe. 11~-forethat. dlt.'M': l".lrd, were 8 J).unu:cl hr hand nnd Were vel') cxpc"'!'Ii\ c ",0 1h.;Uonl) C) \\ \.'ahh) people could to afford 10 btl) 111\41)1, But \\'jlh wood 10 cnp.ra\'in~ h became po~ihlc to make I,,":I,dl\ 1110 .., ('ht"Olplr. and
l ] ror tlw 111-.;1 lillie the poorer clas.. ~.'i wore .Ind ,11'0(.. "hie lu 12 \.'n,ny card 1t.lmc~,lt'l'':let the sixiecnth ('\'ntul)' 11'1 "l'Oln, (4, Ih",' 1,\ (our ..uit:.. \\C LL",<loday .. hean ..... , ('Iulb, sp:lde .. ,Ind dl.llnond,. \\ I:'I\.' flr" u...... '\1
166
Unit
19
Writing
Exam practice: News report
2 find examples of the following features in the news reports: Idiomatic language the passive ad,ecti_ ,.poned speech 3 Chooseone of the newspappr reports .nd continue the Slory W",e between 120 and 180 words.
Lucky winner leaps high, breaks leg BRITAIN IN GRIP OF LOTTO-MANIA!
Jobless Andy wins 3.9 million

, Malch lhese newspaper extl~cts Inlo pairs to fo,m the beginning of three news lepo'l5. Then choose en dpproprlate headline for each report.
1\/;
the Nruionnl Lottery ... hl1l\.''1out bigger and bigger winning every
week. Inure and more people nil over the country lire becoming h'K)t..",uon Ih~ idea of beccnnin~millionaires overnight. 2 Al"Cldenl,are 3 regular occurrence 3mon~t wmoer-,on the i.lltlCI')'.' ~tr Denning told a nl:\\" conference. 'One old man \V3" -o o\lc~iu) ed tel be told he hnd won, he threw the wmning ticket in the lire hy mi-aake, Another unfonumuc winner get '0 unln" he forgol where he bud hidden hi~ ticket.' 3 Strit..ing lucky with xix number-, hu_,made Andrew Cr()~'iand his prete) wire. Bessie. a hairdresser and mother of a 1i\lt!1I1011Ih ..okl b;sb)'~irl, nullionaircs ,"C!nli~ht_ The!)will be nld\ins ()UIof their sm.rll one..bedroomed U;IIIn Eo',I\\ ich into a luxury abode In
Hump-hire.
~,~ i~O~46
""/P'"
'" lucky lottery winner ~l.'n(l)' \\'allin,_ 1:'. yesterday feanu ,he had become It millionaire ovcrnrght find broke a leg when she jumped ror joy on hearing the good I1C\It:o.. Andrc Denning. a dil'\.'(to( of the Louery ol'~uJ1i7.ntion Drcanuime. hod called on Mr\ \Vnlkin" to announce nffieinlly thoU she had won just over one million pounds on S.nurd.IY, draw.
5 The ~5->~.r-<,1d unemployed t"<i dri\ or said he would .,1", be
rcpla('ing h, old "'t!uxhall ",-itha brnnd new vtcrccde .. after winning "carl) four million pound'i on the National Lotte') on Sunday, 6 An iru:rcdihlc ten million people hought lottery tickets I:l:o.t week and IlIi, Iigure i~ expected to nsc ~I~ the newspapers and television run storic\ of ordinary people winning fuhulou:o."LUn\ on the Jackpot and 'iCllin8 their cramped council house-, for Elizaberhun Innn'ioIOIl!\ in the
countr)
"" "" "

167
I ,tReview:
Units 17-19
E)(ampractice: Use of English, Part 1
For questions 1-15. read the text below and decide which answer A. B. C or 0 best fits each space.
Anctenr crt
A oluuhcr of pn:lu"u-)fJ(_' po.jntlng ...... 1111 ..... 0" v on tbe t\-a1l~ 0' (,I\\:', in Spam .Incl southern Fr..net... '!1lLj' chow whlr
:Int:tldng:lCCUI!UY n wide (1) uf :1I).1JI1:1I ..
E)(ampractice: Use of English, Part 3

For qu~t,ons 16-25. complete the secondsentence so that It has a stlTlllarmeaning to the (,rs{ sentence. ugng Ihewexd given. 00 not change !he word given You must use between two and fllle wexds. I'Iduding the \\lord 9M!fl.
16 t dldn t go 10 the onemn. ~l I dldn', see the li"u seen U 1 h.td gone 10 the CiflL'f1l. a. _ __ ,.- __ II...film. I" 1F.luj:thlthe uam b,.. x.ru..'<' J \\,L.' no time, been
If 1 I would've 111j'lM..'d the tram. 18 lie nu.rrh.. ed her becau-c he \\ .1' In k)\'t:: ,\ Ilh
whk-h the
l'aVe dwellers (2) __ C;\)__ refllark~lhk
( " __ (S) __ i!'l ~I\l'l) '-:lIlIO\L" cXiunpit" in l.a"C'aux.III \vhidl \\1..' can In" (6) __ out it man :HIIOnf,t some nnimnls. There nrc .ilso a (7) __ 0( dark dorv in the p.1.intill,lot '1111..' JIK""lninJ{of the piltUn: b not lk.lf; il doe--. tM)\\ lh.u the: cave u\\lIIc.,..... were an "'"t"he people in In:.ln)"
. ~uc.h ".. hi..nn and (k-'\.'r.and arc IDeIr- htl':.nd power II c, "cry lIlal the pi("[un."$ \,"cn: connected \\ uh hunting
ror
h,.,.
nOi
II'Ill' hadn't been in love whh her. he ________ h<'1' 19 I'd like you
-ee him.
10 gi\ c.'
n", __
..
Arthur
till'
nk.",'''ge if )UU
thl:-o
(9) __
please
If
f\<1{)I'c thnn 5 000 Y'-'.Ir/'o (]O> __ ,eht." E)typtlan .. began p.llruin,ll on the \\ all.. of their I(IIInh.. e'\'eJ')'1hlnlollhat went on in th..... lr (II) __ uves The) 1)I,,:II~"\Ct1Ih.,.tttiM: fis:or~ 0( people. .1nirnah ;.tnd c.'" "'"I1-'da~ (12) __ \\t "lid ..... mer lhe .&ftt:rlife \\jLh Ihe:t.ll,ld person.
The
yun se-c
Arthur,
Ull.""St'C'.
InUlIo1:1rli!<olicr'"-~')Ic
\\(;.'I\.'
of :In)'
.,~c.
(13) __
perhaps
from the Chinese.
the Greek v, \'\t" h.ave In.lr'l) (1,) __ d Gr(;.'\.'k"""Ipnue, hUI apan fmrn .. tew frJ)Lnlt'tlt ....Gn.-ek ,,~II p3intinst' h..ve tlOf suni\(;."ti. (1-;' __ we can only imaAine \\ h.;u tht."') \\C.-re like.
1 A dlrference II lU""r
10 I h.j\(.",'1 h:ad the \t<.k.... ) fi'(rtl ..n 1 C:-.lnt \\.Ilc..h )'uur film tln- C\t"nln1-t. able rr I h,rd hnd the vJ(.k."'tIfixed. _ ______ (n \\ arch your "hnlhis evcOin): 21 E.J.nnglOOt much will make \Uu faucr.
put If >H\I cal thai much. _ __ -,... wciglu. 21 YOUI'Lh.lIlC(;.~ of I-(ctling the j(>o \\04.11<1 be tlt1I ... 'f if' >uo kne\\ 1(00h.\0
IUI\'(.'
<: Hock
C hunted C ~xh C hlil.:ly
C 11("[1:
l A chased 3 Aqu.e
A (nit.' ~ All 6 A sec 7 A .... "'C:I. II A IKl\\'e\'er
B k<'JX
Urou
o \'arieIY o (olkm1
I) t.'llOugh I) 1')C)s!<oibt> I') 'I'his 1) I"ok
1) number I) .00 [) \ h,.'\v'S I) ,,~o
..
n definite
It TIlcrc
U \\':ll~h
If rou kne\" 1t:.lIl;II1, )'OU
r. .nakc
(; <--oIJ(._"(1ioo
U re\\'
9 A rllc:tn:-. 10 A :lil'oe11 A (,'t)fnn)()Il Il 1\ topio J3 A.p.1n 14 \ Rlin" 10 1\ bec:IU.~
eloo B l)Oints C \\'.1):'> n (oll(nving (: pn:vious II daily t prh~llc B oo;c..'(,_1.'\ Cpku,l~ II c:xc ... -pc. (: no! C ,dC':t.s 1I0Ilf<.'<15 II akhoogh
B ~jnt.."C
_____ llIant.'I,." of geRing lilt: job. 2J 1;,d\'i-.c rOll 10 l'0 and lie d(n\'1l.if you're 01'\.'(1, should 1r lO .. '"n: 1it\:."'(I. d(l\\'l1. 2-1 Y(lU ,,'CO'I kl';("\\ ..... ghllx:cau&c run C3l10(J
"l:'ln)' pot<ltoe!i.
I') I) 1) I)
C '"
u,..u:11 (,IC.L.'; IX"""des c!\.,lnlpb 1) I,UI
lnlAhL
,'OU
if
you :tte fc\\l._"
poc.uoc""'_
25 1 dOJ\'t :"It'C In> !-tr:lndmochcr\'."')' oflt:n hlr.'\1~ ..hI: 1l\'~!'1in Amt'riC:1

HlOrc
I
Anu."fic;:l
if ,ll(: dido I live in
768
Review: Units
17-19
Exam practice: Use of English. Part 4 For q~oons 26-40. read the lext below and loolccarefully al each hne. SoIM of Ihe lines are correct. and some have a word which should nOI be tbere. ~ aline is correct, pUla lick (.I). If a line has a word which should nOI be there. wnte the word. A great step rnr mankind
__
__
26
2"
lH
__
__ __ __ __ __ __ __
__ __
19
30 31 32 .:\.~ ?tol 3tj 36
37 ~
In.\I.,}' 1%'1, President Kennedy unoounced to Congn:.')."Ilhal the t'uhcd hy lilt:' end ot the decade.,'hL' was rhe birth 0{ tht. Apollo p~"t..'1. hut the t\nl<:rk:an ""1e,_'nU,'" had still 001 succeeded In ~en~ a man into space "'U dk:)' hold J lunJ;: way 10s:o.:\ hfCOtJnhnM.IJCh wa ht.,ng O'tldc In fehruar}- 196Z \\ ht--nJ()hnGlenn became the tu..qAlncril"3n 10 go into orb... \\I'k."n:It(: 'P."r11 until five hours b..'f"orc rt..-1umins:'1.(cl) 10 Earth. GeltinJ.t .. "\.11' on the ~1lXXl \'':1.'' nOl ~jn~ lu he ~kh an C,,,)' Ia-,k :uKJ 'ASA were "nd .mxlous :dx)\,11:Ich"--Vlng Kcnnt,~)"'" oblecncc. In the end! socmee, :11 'JA~A decided for to send .1 1\\,0' spacecraft (0 the xtoon. One pan would MJOn .-.eIXU';I((;!,wnh (\\ 0 ,1'Ut)ll.1uto; descending 10 {he ."Urf:I(',,' of Ihe j\1u()n, while another (TC\V nlcnli)\:r would remain in the In~id,-,
""f.IIC'~should (0 11')';'0<1 1.Ind .1 "loin on the "Io()n
I'X"'
ncher pall, circling round (he xtoco. \Vhen the 1vfoonlandinJ,t \\';I~ O\CI.
__
__
39 the two spacemen would ~ioiJ\ their C,.'(Hl1p:lnion.Ic:avi~ n tbe 1.lo<:lln1-' 10 "hl,k behind.Thb planw;" lIIud, rbk),. on 16July 19(\<) 111>0111111
'4..1on tor the '\loon. 11M.' tnp ~'ao4i 10 J.,I'() <10\"0 in history.
"III

For questions 41-50, read Ihe text below. Use Ihe word given in capitals at tbe end of each line 10 (orm a word that fits In the space ,n the same line. Pot luck
Brh:thl'!> (41) __ :-'(')<11'[ is nor, as IIlC>Mpt..,(~~t.. chink. f()()(I>:11l but Ihe tou.:r),. lt 111:t)' also be (.2) __ 10know rtcn the people \\ ho !_(.uuble lllO.."00 (he toaery an: nut Ihe.~'t:II,oa but Inosdy ("'*3) __ \.I~t,"i people who hope that h)' \\'U)"Ir\,A: the LOltdY 1tM. .. )' '\\',11 ('han~c diCiT trees (+1) __ .\n)"t.lOc \'\'00 IMJ)' J loner}' tickt.t bt."~"c"'\ their numbt ..'"ha.... ;\ C ...Sl __ (lunl'C(Mcunung up. TIlCqut. .... unn I" \\1x..1hl-"fthcrt L. ... :1 greater ( t6) __ of one nundx ....('Olnnlg up rather than another AlrhouRh 3 number thar ha~ OJ random <.fil __ . such .1'"(, 3 2 S 7 J. luok....more likely tn win (h.ln one Ih:" loC)k~ nlOI'C (.jf') __ , such as I ]. j " ; 6. 1)()lh types of number hove ;11\ equal Ch:U1CC winning 01 ('19) __ .
NA'J'I()'I
SI..RJ'RJSr.
WOR;'
CmIPLf.'T'F.
R~.A.'OI\ I'OSMUU:
AP1Jf.Af( LOGIC
or
a k)ut!I)' 1i(.'h.~ll\Jlo\\.. lh:u the chances or them 1)I..'('oming (50) __ ... , iT)CT\.'(lIhly -nm, if doesn't
Even though everyone
wbo bovs
LO'"
~t()P them from tI')'ing their luck c\'cr)' week.
169
20
An American dream
Verbsfollowed by infinitive with or without to; gerunds (-ing forms)

1 Which of the Englishwords in the box are used in your language?
rAdiO cool taxi bacon welcome breakfast jeans
E 11/(} II.'>!!oj English IUI/ura/b' ",.irz.g,~unth il Al1U:,icClII culture. (,,/rich ;11j1l1ellc(~' our li/ct.,_"'.,'/ejl''OII' food ro [ashton. Give <':)1;:111)1'1(';"., of lhis: Influence
fa:-hion in your country.
on food and
talk snow offside basketball volleyball hamburger
;!U10UJ.!SI the }'()IlI11:Cr F!<'"CrfUiOti.
American
j)OP
and
star pub comrc ShOl15 <.liSCO joggillA supermarket stop bank shoor sandwich _()C1l:1I11' snow flit'[
parking weekend C
rocts 111U:)'/C (11'('
(III (."SS(!JllllIl,(t'OIJU'e
oj...unttt cuuure. chink

oboor
\';that do young people In your country American n\usic?

.llodvnl
connnuntcattons from '''(~.illJn'''().i(!IIO tlie>
2 What other Englishwords are used in your language? Do any of the following have Englishnames?
shops 1V channels drinks elecrrtcal goods
diM.'Of'
IlIfe"I(I/ haoa broll.~IIII1S (11/ ctoser 1~f!I"er,

\\;'h:lt is rhc Interncl?
pubs
food
magazines
II /11/111/,,; C.YJltjj,1U.~ "UII tile It/()I'ld
lUI,"
i"d(.-'(."'l'
/)(;'C011'C a
g/oba/'JilluJ,.'(".
3 Thesesentencesare taken from the text. AIIswer the

questions after each sentence.
A lJ'PtJofJ/e "(1(/10 ctiooso anottu: aJuIJII:VIII t/,,,,,'c/t lu JIllt, (he)' t",olll(ll)"()ht.l/)~.... choose America.
Give examples 0( ~lob"l villngc,
1'10\\'
[he world has become :J

4 read the text and choose hom the sentences A-H the one whICh fits each gap (1-7). There is one extra sentencewhich you do not need to use.
Now
\X'1lichcounuy would YOLI choose?

IJ Sf' (11'(111 I/rOIlS" tilt,! /UII"(! olllj'j;''('/1('"
(;(>,It <f'111C
a~rld's popa/tUion, flu! Americans hnt.t>Itlt,,,aJ:('tIlo gel ViYlII(l/~)'tl!tl!,,)'()nl!-1(,.'qNIIII their language. Do most people in your country speak English?
5 Answer these questions about the text.

\\;/hy :1I'e many Enrcpeans worrted' 2 Explain (he meaning of 'FJ'3Ilgiais', 3 \\;'ha( II:a~ made l!nJ,:.lbhimportaru in }"oulh cullurc? 4 \\;fhydid ,fOrge :\.;if;I(~ hi.. joh?
C BUll/iSh 1111$ also crept ;UIOevcl)'(I(,.v use tn

countrie: alongside IIIelrOIl'" /f1u!1,((fge.
IUlH~)'
Give examples of 13ngli..;llwords used in YOUI' 1:ln~u:lgc. I) 11,.eC(JHI SLoveypllblisll(.~ ill '111(1 /.;'I1VjX'lUI'
IU!U!,,,}Xl/Jer 11.1X,,1(!(IIIIaIIIIU ",aJor/~l' q{ E"''OJ)(!.t1HS '/0 not lIIJf)TY)I.'(! 0/ Ilu' euer-tncreasing influence oj
5 \X'h;l{ is (he connection between ~lcDol\ald.sand Coc:I Gol a?
In what
way
j_~America
like:. p<lliccman?
7 Does the author see American lJ10UClll'C as good or

b:td? Give examples.
American cutmm:
Give examples or thi!'>influence.
170
Unit
20
We are all Americans

IThe American
WlJYof life
iI
j4
IYoung people
in latin
~is-n-o"w""e"ve:'rywher~ and exeru

'I
America have accepted a universal,

popular culture in which Latin rhythms
magnetic influence on young and old
in countries as far apart as C-hinaDnd
and Spangllsh combine with a strong
Argentina. Many Europeans worry diet of Americansongs.wordsand that their own culture will be ima9~S. A lot or young people even swamped by InferlM American to welcome thiS media invasion from the prcdccts. Hollywood Is one example: north, in spite of warnings from some about 75% of all feature films seen academksthat Lllttn Americ.ans risk in Europeare AmenQn In origin clnd losrngtheir ~entJ'ty.JorgeAsk. a the Eutope'an film industry faces the respected Argentfne author~ ton- his Job threat of extinction. -t\ as Minister of Cultur. when he , The la~",g. wI1,ch sugg""ed it was nrne to dbcuss tile '-------! "1;J use of English words in advertising.
most people use when they make contact wilh other natlonalltlti Is English:when a Chinese person meets someone from Spnln, thoy
1.so
\vill probably speak in English, not In

,\1 international
Chinese Of Spanish. English is the language of ccmmunication. and is spoken by about 800 million people all over the world. It is also the language of science.
All obvious example isMcOonalds, the fast food chain. are now approximately 18 500 McDor)alds' rcn;urllnts in 93 countrles, Coca Cola is available not only in all McDonalds' restaur;)"ls but 80% of all SlJles of Coca Cola I:r4!sold outside the
~~ united States.
I '"I~ ,
business and advertising
I IMany n91i.~(or
tori
American) words are In common
keep the peeee bet .. ~c(!n squabbling
use: cool. sorry.goodby ~sketb.fI

and so on. In Ffance. where the older generation objects to the lnflueoce of English. _hoy have ~Iven this phenomenon 1I neme, Franglais' and in latin Americ.a they talk ol'Spangll,h',
neighbours, " one Cityhad to be chosen as the world" capital,it would

undoubtedly be New York.When
we wake up, we may have a M break1ast of American cereal; when w(! go to bed. we
dream the Am.rlc.n dream.
6 What do these words and expressrons mean? Use lhe qoestoos and the context ,n the text to help you deode.
II mT""~(l1I1('~"(>'lc illllllence (lin..' " I.. it C'".t .. \ Of daffic.:ubto nsisl this inlhH:f'K.l? 1 11,t>!rOl,.1Iculllln- utll he su'tln/~d thne 6-~' l: .. thl .. IIkt"y 10 mean (00 rmx.h Of lot) littk: of sooll,hing'
..{ "/UIS (,'11:/"Illla l'I'C'Jw-ltlJ'life. (sentence C) I.. (hi, t-onll'lhlnu \\ hich hax hapr'_'-"1l00 qulc kly or
~du.lllr" 5 .-i 1I1111'Crsnl.JJtl/l1llorcllllure. Cline3S-6) l.. lIh.. ('uhun: popul.a.r in a fC'" or 3 JUl tV pb""~
6 71,t .. ,"t'tllllltIlYISIOII
Is
If
(lilli:-tO)
.~ll.1hln~ ~~C ClOcontrol?I~ 11 ~olt1hlng pt~ili~c? \V]IO normally inv:1(Jc~?

7 To flu.: /Jt.'tIC4! IJVIIl'CCtl squalJblillk Uf.l'R'IIN~'"S. (line 'il)-<ll) Are Ihe)T.110rt,.likely 10 be shaking haocl.. or nHlulng?
.3
711(0//11\,,("
tf esttnctton.
Cline 12)
'..'ll
I)I)C~ Ihi~ IHC:ln something ~\'ill die or h\,(.,? \'(fh:11 Is
nftcn d{'~ rlllt.xItlo; 1)L'in~threatened w ilh cxcinction?
771
* An American dream
Use of English
Exam practice:
Parts 5 and 4
1 For questions 1-10. lead the texl opposite. Use the word given m caprlals at the end 01 each hne to form word thai hts ,n the space in the same I,ne. 2 What do you think happened afler the dISCovery of gold? Read the next text and check your anSWetS Ignore the er!'Of'
The Native Amcrtcan 1

On Ihe Plain~of l\onh \nlericJ. lribc~such as the ~K)U!\ n-u.nlC'd on h()t~ . ",.t(_-k. .. (I) __ huffalo. TIle buffJlo n;1\C dH:rof"\c:t}lhing 1)1"1' Ot"'l"(k-d 10II, c. Theyare us mear and u!'ot-"tIIL .. .Jc'n and futfor{l) __ and (urrheirteepces. The) ;1150 ClJ'\ v-d bufT:.dohun:.. Inl0 knj\ ~ .md tools. TIle clod." ... ()( the: Plain:,> rodtm ..were f.i) __ wlth beads, :and their h;lir wun (, .a . gle fe:llhef<; These (,1)__ lndians were depicted u... ~.I\'3$!CS in 1" dr:lnl.l~ :1nd I1IU1"alxxn the American \~C..I, The 510'1;>; gave (5) __ for lite wagon (r.lins of I\I;Uk:I'/> he:1dinU \VeSI10 pa$.';: chl'OuAhtheir lands, n'lt then the whhc .. began to scule in Ihe Pl.lin... " 1\1f'il'l. thc SiOlLXmade Irc,lIic:"> wuh the (6) __ ' )tl\'in~ UI) 1;1'l-'C pieces of thc."irland ln rcrcm. the gcvemmera PI'C)flll"l.'\.I ahem peace, food, "Chools and (:tir (-) __ 1(:) .111\_'o,1flicts, II si~'tl an (8) __ thaI the: \'J~ 1.lnlh I''(\\'l,--n fh~ \tiSSOvri ao cr :11'K1 Ihe Rocky i\lououin .. were 10 remam S~lX {erntOl'), on whxh the ,\'hitc..~ were (9) __ to settle. 51'( yeare later (,';U1)e the ( 10) _ of gokJ in the 8lac.... HIli .. ofSoulh 1)~lko~I.:1 l:ul(llhc ~,C)uxconsidered /;03(.','\.'(1 IIL'I'-T CLOTII DECORAn: I'HID
VEil"'!'!'
lor now.
GOVr:Rt-.
fOROID I)t~CO\F.R
3 For questions I-IS, read the teXl again and look carefully at each hne. Some 01 the tines all! cQ<rect,and some have a WO<d which should not be thele. II a I,ne 15 correct, put a bck (,I). II a I,ne has a word which should not be lhere. write Ihe word
Tile l\ativ(: Ml1Cric.'ln2

2 3
of
5
6
7 8
9 10
__ __ __ 11 12 13
11
IS
A gokt ne..h ..a:aJ1I,."d and the treaties were (ott:.01h:n The ~kJu.x rL"'u.~1 to ~IJ .J"ol~ the BIJ.(k. HdL...to Ihc: I'nued ~JII,."" Cr.lT.) ~,~ stn:'JI "tKltl\ (TUrl. ~Inun.,,:d up their teehnfl:' when he s.,id: 'One dOl.'~ nut ,,,-,,)1 the E..ltthupon which th(.' people walk.' AI :111 the ,s,11l)C thne. thv bUO:lluthe Sioux depended on Otp::U'l 10 di."':lp!)t":lr. 'Il~c I.HUJIhe:) roamed on wa .. 1~lnR r~n('l.--d .,(f' hy whne fnnucrs, who abo began iO hunt on the l>un:llu (or sport, In 18;0" til("re were !)till SO million buffalo on the Plain ... 11)' 188S. there were th\.,u :Ihnu~ none, The government 'IOPPL"(llnalnng rreatles \\ ith Iln,-'rcnlves. They put pressure on 11'1 e tndous to ghc up on their tr.1ditiol\;11 \''3)' of life and to live only on the: reservanon ... \lJn)' It"I...ccd Onto:\'''a:t 'illllns: Bull .. nul her <i.ioux leader, \\ bo ..atd "\ 'e II\'ed U\ OUr OlUnuy an Itk.- \\01)' where OUr Elmers:and (.uhe,,- (:I{jk."~ h, ... 'ti b..f~ US. 3nd \\C M1tIEdnlrOU~\. ,vilh 00 Illl.n. nUl 11ll"'OIdie:r:, (._";lnlt" i.nlO Our ("0""1(1,)and fla\c fired on Uto;100 "'~ (ouJlht oo\.'k t..it tx-d to fi~lu In defence o( one's count')' uno 10\ cd ().. ~'
772
Unit
20
Grammar
Verbs followed by infinitive with or without to
Some ver 1 are followed
1 Put th~
verbs and expres5/Onsunder the following headings
- infinouvewith to
- infinitive Without allow prcrcr lei
to
infinitive with to. eg ~;~
by the decide.
h:t() better
(Or(c; make would rather ~houkl obli)tc \\'ouId sooner
promise. She promised to lend m. some money.

Some verbs are followed by an object + the infinitive with to. eg a.k. persuade. want. I p<N$uaded my "'" COget h,. ""ir cut Some verbs and phrases ore followed by the infinitive without to. eg modal verbs. auxiliary _1. would sooner.
We should
2 Wnte fIVe sentences about yourself using the verbs and expressons above,
3 C~te
these sentences usong a ,1!<b 0( expresson (hat the InfmltlVeWIthout to,
IS
followed by
IN"e immediately If we are
not to miss the beginrnng of
rhe film,
1 Corree i., OK bUI I __ have orange juice If rOta dun" mtnd. 2 Old) ou __ (h~.1hlrd fly rn~1 the \"'ilm\\ Ill'il (hen? 3 I m(l~1-.pinlch 001 IU)" did __ u.. cal it. 1__ an in:':loL,(1 ~I~I"'Iogtn up 01) hack but I f'ouldn', see 11 S tf )'OU'V~Act an lnll'I'\'ie,,' tomorrow, Y'Ou__ hnvc your h:llt CUI. 6 1 __ you come ill I~, nighl. II IlIl!.)1 have 1)t'\;11two o'clock In the luornlnj.l,. - \\'hcnc\"er \\c fi'll,h the Ies..un .. -art)". (be lc:atiu:r __
V~"II1,
I would sooner go to the theatre than
see a C()I)(M.
by an object + the Infinitive without to. eg
Some verbs are followed see, hear, know, let. The teacher ~t us go earlt
w \\ a(ch
:l
I saN the thief go "'through the L.- __
4 finish these sentences,

today
.-\, '\\'Ofk schoul we ~In: nor :tlJO\\\."C.Ito 2 \l1M:n I \\H.J .. y<.JlII1MI "':1SO'1 !lllo\\\.'<.110 .., .3 Ir)c.u wam ro speak wuh an An)l:riCln accent. )'OU ~h04.lld... " If rUIi wmu to irUPI'II\'C )'OUI' Enj,ClI ... h grannnnr, you'd 1)eIlCI''" S I dun', Ii).:..: \\ ;ltthin~ \\oC$[(.TIl". I'd rather .. 6 I \\(ltddn t Jet my children ... - In the army, tilL,,)' make )00 ._, S fal1()fh.""I that pollute the cnvfronmeut should be forced to ...
173
,.. An Americ~n dream
Vocabulary
British and American words 1 Malch lhe Stlllsh EnglIsh words from ',sl A Wllh Amencan English words from IISIS lhat have the same mean.n9
;\
A-*
NEEDED: MO\1E EXTRAS
eople ~tf\.'needed to work 01'" evtra ...In nl()\ It,.... lnd on T' vhow-, being filmed on location Call todav and find oul how y<lu can K'" 'taried '>0\\.
Ilulnpct
IJ movie
motor
It';''''''
ear hooe
',111\\,;1),
btllboard
l
Your .fgnat.uro You can havo your
All AREAS' GOOD PA) NO E\('ERJENCE REQL IRED

Cll! Now! 1-9(l(1-760-0707
1..IlJdn,,
'orr')
""'''(''(''1'\
uK,1I -aore
pharmacy railroad fender
(3Uc:et
car p.uk
C,Slgn Like A Movie Star

NYI'
Your Name-
..pirie
.JwII) h..nell,..." .. lw~l.,un~ (,,"'N"'_'
liquor <";Ind),
h'U),
EVEIn'THING al>ou~ you. autosl'llphp"reon.oolized todayl Only f3 for two

style Print your name
..unenn
hu:.uc.hnlot
un;lIlr.t"I\\.'
'~hl'OOln (l<lri:inll 101

(nd
lolln
up
Hhn
chenlj'Ot hh~\.'
f,II qui! trunk

pUI'SC
and lkIdru. on n .elfa"dres&od tampe .. .n""'ope .nd ""nd to:
Ere/TOile Ca 11 Be Beautifut
but not everyone knows how to uncover Lheirnatural beauty, Wt!will help you. Send n recent I,holo and we will personalize nnd nnflly/.c it (or you. Then we will guide you step by step 10 be the best po<~ibl~you. the True Beautiful You. Send photo with S10to
hOfHI:ly
' VividImee
Reading and Listening

1 Read IhMe adveou. Fo< questions 1-6. c~ from the.-.dve<ts A~. Somo ollhe adve<tS may be used more thanonce.
Sox 198504. Atlnn~ a, GA 31119'0362
TRUE YOU. 111 TEI\'11 I ST.

ALAMOGORDO.)\ \I 'i696 E
I pnMlll"l(') 10 m.lke vou

.llIr:u;cl\\.';
IUC.)I'C
FRIENDS
BY
MAil
PEN
PALS
I. wll! hc.11lyou make fnends? j will 1l1.1~C )'OU fecl bkc J. film ,1:111 -, \\'ill Ill'lp yntl kxc \"ciJ:tht? ; \vill hell) )'Ull make 1l10nC)'? 6 uflt.or,o. ytH) ,I kirld of hCllid:lY?
Invites you to join our ever growing list of Friends by Mall. Share friendships with other Pen Palsacross the US. To receive your Pen Pal send your name. address. age. hobbies and interests with S2to: FRIENDS BY MAIL. P.O.BOX 10896. PITISBURGH.PA 15236
r6J
[
174
Unit
20
Brr=================9
SLIM AND TRIM

1.-0"" 20 to 45 pounds and enjoy" fun summer on il multimillion-dollar college c.unpus, Camp Camelot of ters individual instruction In all sportv and the performing art" Separate programs for preteens 8-12, teenv 13-17, young ladies 18-29. Scnd for a brochure, and include
your name, sex and phone number,
Grammar
Gerunds (;ng forms)
Gerunds are nouns formed from verbs. You form gerunds by adding -Ing to the infinitive. You (an use
gerund~:
es the subject of a sentence. Smolt"'!) IS bad for your he<J(fh
as the object of a sentence.

I ""'" swrmnwlg.
Write to: Camp Camelot, Northfield Road, Wood mere, NY 117863186.
after cert.in verbs, eg enjoy. finish, Iniss. He rlfll$hi srudyill9 m 1997 after cenaln verb phrases. eg it'S no use, can't stand, lcelllke, it ;.sn'rworth. I feel like gomg 10 Ihe pul> ,onight. Do you Wdn' '0
coole?
1 Complete the5e sentences uSlOgthe gerund form of one of the verbs below
wntc
"'OfT}'
Il<:".ar
I,ll
cry ':11
gt"C'
walk
2 s Youw,1Ihear fIVerado adve<tS In whICh advert does each of these words appear? W.te the number of the advert next to each word.
CH"i)'
If !It I\Q 1I"IC__ U\'cl' ... pl;t milk. 2 111!'oon', wurth __ .rbour it ~C)rg\ .. 1 II 3 __ on 1111,,' Jtl-;-IS~ is forbidden,
I look fcrwurd 10__ i I lUll Inll."":'I4,.'<I If) __
(I'Vlll )"\1".
:l I)~'V houw. '0 [he cinema thl<l c\cninw 7 1)0 )QU know a ~ng called -I (;)I1',II4..'lp__ in
modern
iluchcnlh,: gte.1t gn:~ltc':-"'1
relaxing
late. ... r
1)0 }'OU fccl hkc__
picturesque
10\ t:'?
Si;u'Uonm'"
ori{:in2I
II __
\\-t . .'t:k
up 'nlt'''ln~ rceosv- I step SfllO~~ C\.... ~

3
10 (";111 t ".~
\VCISth.I~
9 I <.-uukJnt:\ cr 1(.,,1 u-ed In __ \.\Ilh IH)-k:h hand ..... __ Ie-.~:1" the bese \\.IY au lu'4"
LiStenagain Choose whICh of ,he people A-F .ach ad..,t would appeal to. Use the letters only Once. There is one extra letter which you do not need to use.
:;:;J
A !x)lnconc lnoldng fO( new cxpcrlcnce; B ~lUk.unc who t\ ~H1LS l:"k.~.lpprll"'"

C ~"n~H'ft"\\ hu \\J..nl'"
10 be IJ... luoruhlc. f> ""otfh.ocK\ll..\\ hn apprecsares
Advert I \d'\....,' II
I
!
,
\
2 FrlllshIh.s~ sentences
SIIIc.,kinJl,., ,"
1. l.e..tllhlH En~lb.h i..,., j \\'holt I like nlOSt :.IMJutrny brrthdav " ._.
\<h'"ft ~ I Ad, \.'f1

..
I (,._an'l 'I~HxJ... S 1 (;IIl't heir) b The one IhinA I \\uuld like lQ 10\c up I' o_ - .. \., r..r ~l.' 1'111 4.'u!lt.\.mc.-d. drinkill,.l:t .114.'011\)] ....
of
qu,lhty
I I !
H In Iht" rutur\.', 1 am nl<N lIlh:re-qt."d In
SOUll'C)IlC
who w.uus infonn:lli(JIl.
Work WIth a partner and compare your sentences.
AlIvcn ';
"trUUI.'OIl4,. ,vllo like ..
cJC'~IJl,ll4.'1 l)r(Jducl:->. 175
,.. An American dream
Speaking
1 WOlle w,th panner. What has America gr.en the ~d? Choosethe twO best things and Ihe twO worst from the Il'<1Ure and gN(' reasons.
Vocabulary
meet know inform acquaint
1 Complete these sentences using the correct form of one of the wo<dsabove.
"U let rUlI _ if we deOde to ~"()(0 the ('lnl..1nl 2 \\c _ b) .._iul1Ceala p.1R). j \\" c ~1I __ ~t :I coorcrencc and we bave 'u.. 'J')C In couch I.."\" eor ~ll'lC;._"C. , You ..hwkl._'O out DK>n" and bOCI 10 __ ,ne)f\." p<"<>pi<: ~ I h: ,....Jlr and ~I'\.ou... about __ Jlt..'\\ pt.-upJc. () I like In keep __ about \\ har....hJPfk1lillj( In
Oilier {HUnerl'l'"
7 I h:', "(II r..... llI) ;1friend. jUS[an __ . R h',oj ntce \vhen people (."\)1111':In tJ1C airport
)'UU,
(0 __
9 II:1VI:)I'()\'
Ihl' police about the burglnry red
touch
contact
Phrasal verbs with put
put off 2 Comptete these sentences usongone of the words above

I wn y()U _ Inc nt:\1 tinll; r()lfn: in 10\\nO> Z Don I __ fuod \\ Ilh dUl) b:uld... j It \\.l .. d;ttk_ '0(11 relu.. 'd on mysense of __
put out put away put on
put forward put through
put up
3 Complete these sentences usongthe correct fomn of one 01 the phrasal verbs aboYe
C3n }'uu pJea"C' team 1\1" can I conceotrare.
j
'I
F..1tinll
10__
~OU,clotl'K.'"_
l I'ht.'n.' I..n', cnouJjth __
between h."J(.fk.>,... and
p.ucnl..
S ":n$;h'h people :l\"()ldphy~iC:lJ__ with 5{r.IJ1~"l"', 6 In ,un'~ (OUllllit.'..."1)OU need __ to ,-.uet:\.'\.'(I,n
on the right pboo? 1 Loud .nu.'N: __ me __
\\ I".'n 1'01 .-.tud)'Inll. I

IIh: __ .1
all those cakes h~l.~ In.lde
bh uf
lire.
7 An.: )'OU III __ \\ illt the 1:11\.':;, devclopmeru ill Afllcrit:~II\ rock IIlusie?
\\ ci~lll.
If' )OU have some suggestions IU nuke, pI(.'i.l'!C __ them __ :l( the next 111(.:\.'(111,",. 5 __ the light and AUIn steep now. (l 'I'll jU,:,,1 __ )'OU __ 10 the IU:Ulrlg(.'t's offlee.' I'oaid the 5eCJ'Cl:.Il)r. 7 All the hOlel~~I.re full. Could ) ou _ 11\\' __ for the night?'
176
Unit
20
Writing
Exam practice: Informal letter
In Part 2 of the writing exam, you may be asked to write an infonnalletter to someone you know. for example a friend. a pen friend or a relative The general reason for writing will be to interest your reader.The letter could also share an expertence, explain feelings or opinions or give information. The key to \vriting an informallener ISto make the contents of the letter interesting. Here are some tips on writing an informal letter. Plan what you want to say and organize your ideas into paragraph5. Ask yourself, 'Will this b. interesting to read?' Us. an Informal and friendly style of language, eg use contractions, short. everyday words. phrasal verbs and idioms. Write short. simple sentences. Address the reader dlre<tly using you. Open and close the letter appropriately.
1 Readthis question.
You arc OC'1 IK~lkbl in lhe: l ...\ \\ nrc :a letter In a fecod dc~.:flhin~ your first iHll'rt."~ionsof Ihc AIHCl'h::II\\\ a)' (If lffe. ~ay wluu y01,.1 like about Americaand wh.u \'00 prefer about )our C;1\\ 1\
short,
L'\'t,.'1
vdny words
conn.u uon ...
intnrmal vo(,lh1l1ilry and l'prc~"'IOI\'S.
0.:..1' Sue,
Thankefor your letur, Sorry I've""ken eo lone IC write !>\It It'6 ,aleenOO<I1e time to get u&e<l to the w.yof life he",. Ju"t finding )'<It!rWilY around I~ 'tIMe..trlcl;y. You ha"" IC iOoI< OUt fa< "',.,; com r.g from th, wrong "Ide of the ",.dl Anyway,6061:On 16Ju"~ ~re.otII~'6 fants6tlc for shopping.They'..,got these hu~e'mails' where)'<lt!can get J""t sUO"" "'1YI'hlng thMe.,., "hOI>!> t"-, stay open ~G",ally lau. One of the things they hav. here whichwe don'" ie 8 d~store. II;'" not a c"-I"t's, exactly, It ".Us.1I kinds of thing... t doe" .el' meaicire "ut)'<lt! can al!le qet a pizu the", if)'OU w8n" 1'"" noticed they roally do thing. in " "Ie WIlY here, The oulldln05,the CDrs, ""." the food &heyCSt.The portions you get In r06""ul'llnt. are huge.You ,.k for chicken and they orine)'<lt! ha" a chiCkenl And the col:es a", huge too. As for TV - wonIt's awful, ~u~at least the", are thou nda of channels (and stllcke of commercIDI,,).The mu"c" g"''''t thougl - 60 many differen!; kinde, Ary""Y, thMe'.1ots more to ... :te .bo~ tile US of A. out n ......, it for my nM lel:ter, r..e m.!lGie same great ."""1 ee (a. we .ay here), and wo'", gOing out on the town conlgm. That'. 81 for now. Write soon,
f.:uuntry and
1(1\'1: )
wrne
nul' fc,.-;;,.nn ..
berwcell IlO and It;() \\ ords,
u",' of 2nd
J~.'I':-,()n
Now read this model answer FlI1ish labeling the lener using the ootes below. - informal \tM.ahul.1f} .u1d c:<prt::-.... it)" .. - ~hon, evcrydav words
ronu:l(tiOI'l'(
s""
~eca"".
2 Now irs your torn. Answer this

question,
You have ;1 nl'\\' pcn friend (torn 'he L'S."'-. She ha .. written tu )UU ., ... kmg about nfl~in your f."Ounuy. \Vrih! u leucr 10 her :dx)(u "Ilopping. food. entertainment ,lllt.l 'rv and Ihinkuf -omeOlOfc I(~ of )uur 0\\ n \'(:rue besweeu 120 and 180 \\.oNl\
_j
177
21
Potato races
Describing a sequence of events; linking and contrasting ideas
The International Potato Race

'
Doesn I Il1nl'nr' Irs Olympics tunc .I~in. In a few
\\'ccks' umc. the curmln J..>()t_"S up 01\ Yl.( ~1I'I()lhl,." Olympiad. l1K: fi~ modern Olr1npl(; ... were held III Alhen. .. In 1t496. "ith lhlnl"en n;J.IJOn. .. wnding nl.!'.arl), jO() ~ .I(hku.~. to take part in ..2 evesu,.. and ten difTCR:nl ~1)()n. .. \X'e'\,C' c..'()U1C.1 k>n~ \\'.1) ..lncc then: In 1996 ntoe- rhan ten t)lhu.... nd ;uhlele... rl.l"lcip~lIed.md sbocu j.S hillion
people w3td ...d the ol"'mnj:
""'.'11100) ""
T\'.
Participants in the tcn-rhousand-mhune couch pUl.IIO nlar.uhun Q\llthE b)' no\\ EObe to ,r.unlng fO( ,til' '~"'Sling Pt"flOd 11u.o.,.\\'111 soon hc pdtng up crates 0( dnltkl'l .U1d crisps: th.... ') w ill be fitldlnJt conyonablc t:u,hiQn') anti l'l,:u,;li"iinggfO.ln:-., ga~I>.'. cheers und hl14l' - all ,,,lIhout ~dlingolt the-;ofu
1 WOrk with a partner Describe and doSCUss the canoon above uSing wo<ds from the box. comperttor contestant spectator \'icn'cr pantctpam
e,;hc,.'Uing
(ainl
rush
c.'(c.;itcnlCflt Yo in 10'<
What is the cartoon saylllg about the OlympICSand the people who watch them?
---
Even the 1110re aJllltcutl,h pan-time follo\\'ch of the 01) nlpk"). like me, \\ ill need to -.ort "' 1t!\V(!ltnK' UUI ,u(h a') \\ihlch c,.."\-.:tll" we .lI''C S"()ln~ 10 tollow. And IlO\\" are "'C guinR 10 show our support - .1/0patriuL, or fUht peoplc-wutcher ... ? Even when one i-l 'Ur>f,)()J1ing .111 lu .lthlctt fronl .Inother ('CM.lnlf) <jUq lx~""UL"jC ther h.l\ C a
2 Read thos te><1Is the Write< positive the Olympks?
Of
neganve about
mce race or a nice ILUI-'-). thing., c ...n "'ee 1. OUI of l"OflLR>I \\'llh pcanun .. I)(!'in~ thn.)" I) .11the 'I" ""t'l'cxlllf our f:lvoul'ile i\ cheated of a J(4)ld medal.
lli
II S 311good, clean, harmless fun, hut this h.3/O not ulway.. been the caw. Politil.ll conflict h.a!l Incre~~il1gl)' interfered w uh th.. ::aim (I( Ill\: rnoO.:m ()lynlpic- t.h::1t 0(
178
Unit
21
nClT'I;ltion.lJ Iriendehlp. In the: 1936 ()I~mptc' in ik_thn.lfitlt,(rcfu.""C\.lI() n.. _-'COj.(oI7e tht" ;,chie\"lncnL' or Jl!."~":()\\ e 'rlS because he was bl;lCk.even Ihooph he ,von \11 tour gold medJl" And In 1996 J bomb \VJ, ploaolnJ :u the G..n~ in \d.intl, t:ncour.lgmg

3 Choosethe most sUItableheadIngfrom the list A-I for each part (1-8) of the text The<e ISone exu. hea6ng whICh you do not need to use. A It',:all fun and WlOl,,-,," n Odticult chc)K"-~ C Ilcf()l".,and heroine ... o If, :"1 about 'none)' F "',t1ncltism rnk."" f The horne 01) nlpk:s G The thrl."alto the OI~'nlpic5 H .0\ ca ....... 0( hoobgaoi:.~ 1 Tirne-, chanue
:o.IO::.l ~rx't:(;ItQI"'. though they like 10
M.'C
their t'Olllp,llriQI'
wtn, h~I\'C no dllficuk~' ~pplJu(,Un~ memhv", of ocher n:1lX)f1JL team ... \\ hat e" ... ., then (.ulour The pn)hlt..'1ns ,\ .tri,:,.c,.' when :1 <:hol<:e:ha' 10 he 1l1:l(ic between equally worthy ClooidJI!.:' for our adnurauon, On wh,n bJ,L." do we rn()a'tC between .. 1 ~)lnn:1""" lrcm Unl/il or Gn.'t."'(,:~? The. brtlllant marathon runners h,(11l1 Ethlopin or j\is.:cri~1?
4 What do thesewords and expresSIOns mean? Usethe

quesuens and the context in the text to help you dide.
The 01) ,np'c, arc n'lOn: ccmphcated lb.1" team ,port:-, "UCh ;1." tOOlb:,11 ur bru-kc...1h:aU. 11 I' IUM difficult 10 dtdc who you arc uolnj.t to h:llk in Ill... \'V'orlcl Cup. where nauCJuOIlhy1 .. th... " mo.-,( IOlPOTUOIthing - nlO:stpeople wave ilk' fl-.lg for their (.l;)lnpauiot.". OO'\I,.."\'cf h:tdl), (he), play. In eech C\CnlS tile ."YStelll" .;ilnple: you buck your 0\\'0 CUtUltty uncUlt i... knocked out ten-nll by "()fne (oreign,-"fSwnb unpmoounccuble ";tnll:' "lL"O )'CMI transfer your suppon tu your -eoond f:lvCM.lritceoenrry. Pt.'f'llJp' }(')U '1')L'Ot:1good holida\' tbcrc once,
n"ull,."ruI, (hue J;) Is tllI,\ someone who does SOolclhinSt '\lell?' 1)0\:, .. he 01' ~ht: f.~'il a tOt or a link':)
l nro,\' contIJllt""u'(}(hne 39) I.s lhl .. ~()Inclhing:thnt j.., easy or dirficult! \X/h;1I t.:luo
doc, the next ~cnc.;c .$U' C )'c:MJ?

oS fJ(lck (line ~ t) \'(/h~1tp:lIt (.II' ~pc,\."'Ctlh
chis?
\\'h:11 connecoon
does
/xI,J,lu,c '" IC:h UY'II,I tneJIt~(line ..3)"
a IIIC.'II(II/1 lXJI
\X'll<1l
(hili; 1M)
In indl\Klu:d ",>cW1'it i..) ,I hit hal'tk,..,., The Olymph .., , althouf{h they ;II\: an intci nalhnl:.1 compcution and play the n.ukxul amlsem for c;,u:h(jnkl wmner, :UC' not abo'lll n.ation.II pride "to much ,I" lodhldu:d c).(;cllcncC;'.N'.ldi:1 Conlan(.'ci. (huu~h SllC C:.IIIU!OUI o( roI\Ululni.", Itunl:.ll\l:l, \\.L.~adored h) flt!Of'lc In lh<: ~'t""oI. F.Urt~n.-. ,,110 'pc..--nd 1l;41f their hfe (,("l1p1:ainin~.,bout th~ b.lt! influent'!:
01 "lllcl'lean <:'ullul,("Ilcvcrthcll::o., M't!rll 10 ha\'t' no difticuJl)' .lwulring ~Ial''' John ..no
do yuu put in J potf Do you put in one thing or mute:"\\ bal happenv If dk tlun~ ),011 flUl to nlchr J\lnt'Jicol b orlen (';llh:d a ,nelth'l~pOI, \\;h)f! oS spnu/t'rs (line (1) \\1l.tt kmc.l (101 1'oprx1 j .. cht"? \\!h.lt :1I1! Alnt.'Oc:.an :llhl~te:, ,'el')~1{ood :lIf \\;'ho l~ the nlo~t(:unou.; 1\ltlerk,ln dlhlclC(od:l),~t \\~l c\eOb dut.", ht= or -.he cxt'cl in?
5 Which of the follOWIngdo you thInk the author would say? Grve mdenc:e from the text
If your
tC'.lrn.
le.1l1 pl:1YShadly, lealn
suppon
:toucher cuunuy':,
l'Ullj')()rt
It'.,
a IIll-tung I)Ul; a COIning
10)..'\..1ht,;rof (..:olou~ .Intl
2' If your
.,."\,1, kno( kc...-dOUI, you
the next
n:utOllaliries, 'J he Illore conndl..'rll )'OUI'()\\ n nation, Ihe C".l. .... ;er it l' 10 cJlt:~f()r odk:l' .\I~ri::anI\lnnc..,.... BmW, Jong IUfnl)C"~, (..1un\. ...t' dl\'(..'fS. Arner;Cln ,'I)rinlC!' .... Itussi:ln l\Vhlllllt.'(S - \vho Ctrt.."'I) "' her ,lrt: .tli cX(;'itlng ~lnt.l Ihe Jt;Jl1lCi.... the thing ;\n)'\\a~. ie -.{an.. ,Ill 0,(.'1' ;lat:nn
hCl'!t1",':111).
.~ The OI}1UPJC G~nlc' COt.'tJurJgc ffiluunalLI\( fc..,ofln&" I Europc:;!l'b 'huuki nUll ..uppon Amf..'f'lcJn.;in ...port..
The jlllPOI1:HlI Ihlng I" 10 enjoy thC!OIYlnpi~ G.uu(.;/),
four \ l.tf' laler - r.o (\"I.\x :lnd
t.'I\J'O)rroul':"clf.
179
.. Polalo races
Speaking
Grammar
Describing a sequence of events
Whenyou want to makedeer that one tion or
event happens before or after another. you can
use a time expression. eg when, after. as soon .l.s.che moment. once" by the rime. betor.
When you talk about the past. you use the time
1 Choosetwo of the photographs above and compare
and contrast them 2 AIlswer these questions

\\ hic.il 0( these OI)'Inpi(.- ("\cnl, .A'CntOo( popular
)C"lf
expression + past simple or past perfect simple. As soon'>5 They had finished decomlng rhe house rheymoved in.
ancel passed my test I bought" car

in c.'ClOnu"y? If )'OU couk1 p;et 3 liliu ... 1 to ..... ,. IlOl)' Ot:)e a these events, which one \\(,,-lIdyou i.IK.~ \\ hleh do you think b, the nlO'" tliln,'lh' \\ h.u kind of (milling do Ilh,''''4,;' .uhlcres have ro do
hefore the 01)!1I1pi...-..1
When you talk about the future, you use the time expression + present simple. When Iha....enough money. rm f)OIf>I) to twy. car You can also use the time e..pression -+ present perfect to Indicate that the first action has to be completed before the second Cln tllke place. After you have finished your exams. we'III>aW!. big /lMy,
180
Unit
21
Exam practice: Use of English. Part 3 1 For quesuons 1-10, complete the second sentence so lhat il has a similar meaning 10 the first sentence, using Ihe word given. Do not change the word given. You must use between two and five wo<ds, Including the
word gIVen.
Wc'U see L~ n1:Hch:uK1 chen j.,"O to the puh
'5 \~c n.':ac.hcd the .... anon but we ,"I..-ed the Ir.1in
tlote
ll)f lefi 6
until
',"CUILt\e- (0 we 1tC") our.
The ""."lIm lOCrmm bad
\'\I~ cnn', go out while it's seal r.aillinJ.:.
5(op. hefore
tJldy
have Aflt;r he pub. l The fit5l tllI~ I did :1 cup of COfTL"C.

't\
the nl!ll('h. \\ ..:.-'11 go IQ b\:n I J.,"OC horne w J' Inmake
7 He w v'1). horne IHlcJ
when .h....p:lrI)' \va:- over.
As ~o()n ::IS me IXln)
,"-",tc.
g lA...'t Inc finish 1'opc'.Jkin~first .aJld tht.'1l)00 can .1""

qu e..., n..
ns
1\5
I mode a (UP (If

\'OU\,\.It\:h
coffee.
3 I \\ ill ()Cl1),It..
honlf.."\\ork
TV if
)'Otl finl'" )'uur
have
Once can watch 'I'V.
I A. .... SOOC~a_, lhe youl'
homework, )'OU
hefol'\: Don't -anrt a.... kinJe quc~liuf~ _ "pcJkinSC 9 john h:a. ..n'l S3\rtJ t.'nnugh mont.1'IO go ;ilXUlcJ )CI. when John will go ubmad enough
money. 10 1 dLln~t.'(j ;oh...because
n\an.;t~Cf
reachc r carne in. the)' ~c~
\"'":I~ htM'Cd \vith
hell\$t J
t3lkin~ moment 1l1C)':-Io",x'd talking
go.
ill,
1 ch.mged jnb6 once
"ith
bl'inJot;1 manager.

2 For quesnons I-IS, read t~ text oPPOSIte and 1001: <arefully al each fine. Some of Ihe hnes are correct, and some have a WO<d whoch should not be lhere If a loneis coreci, put a tid< (,I) If a hne has a word which should not be there, write the word.
1__
__
2
3
4
__
__
5
6
7 --I> __ 9
__
__
,0
tl
12
__
__ __
1:3
14 ,5
can to oet tro... ti>e I'Of"t;m.Irk. .t;w.... \ ery ~~.-rMr1g ,n C.!I:ro for t.ho fif'!lt.t;n- c.A& IJOOn .& I had ~trI eat- off t.ho P'''''t I felt {.hehellt. It muSt have ',"n (M;r40 ~"",r"'ln the .h.<I<:. Once' had h.~ r<Gov.reelmy IU64,ge. my "~ ;a,1e WBS to lIl"Id D taxi ihe momentf I Nl'o'tl .uppj out. of the .I~ my nr. n-.... M' 'I"""e 0' ..... < 50 p<Of>le ... ,"', .... " for Ar>ynay. rvr. '- ~el~ 6t'o1"d and pu6hed for !lbOIJtan nour.1 iinslly got Into !Ii uoo .tu," arrlved,,~~hehot(!!I, WhcJnewrl IJrl'iVl!lllt.a nowhotel, toi,e fln!t thing I do i~ha\.e#nicc.hot.bath. 8utD&~" tl6fhave ~med t-het.apon I {tot., tI(~ci11~k - tt-.e,...6te ... w.& M::IIM\.lttwl.. W31t.OOta I WOtU 9"' "ac< 'O( I'f'J r= ~6tWMy"Y. "'" peoplesre fritf'd 'Y .Md them.nat receptIO,,,, ..~th.< 'ong 1""",~ d.r~ .11eyw.~, the place f& quftcJeD'cll1l \\'rite: to you s~ai1 tlftu I will 96"& !7ae~ frot'l1 LLOCOf" on Frfd-.y. Orop me 411 tine whc:r1 you htwc tJm~.
yOu
De.llr H!!"en. .m wrtt<.1g to yOu
tro... Egypt ..
y.on't.you?
~for"CN",
Lucy
181
* Potato races
Vocabulary
Sport
1 label these pictures with words from the box.
diving sprint long jump swlmmtng A)'111Ila:o,ti('"S high jump Javelin hammer throw hurdles \vciglnHfting S:Jiling rei:!)'
Which of these events have athletes from )'Our country done well in?
Listening and Speaking

1 How do you think the school games shown in the pictures below are played?

3 EllJsten again. Answer questions 1-7 by writing T (for true) or f (for false) m the boxes.
Yo..l 111\1:,lelrr),
2 S You will hear a sports teacher explaining the rules of these games. MatCh the extracts 1-4 with the pictures.
(he POI:1tO
in
YOllI'
hand.
2 Before the start of the sack rJCC',

)'0\1 OlUS[ be msklc the sack. 3 In the sack t'<1(,'C. coomci is nllowed with other comcerams. 4 the gla.ss-full-cf-wnter r:ICC. the chllrlren have (0 run SOmetres.
I ffif":ma -'2Jij
'I)
,I'="__J
glass-Iull-ot-wmer race, you should uv nOI to spih thc water

In the
ill your gl:I~"'. ~W_"-_J 6 In the plg,g)'.h:Hk race, lh~ riders mount when the reacher5(:u1~ the nl('!;'!.F ~2if:r.t _ _j ? 'TIle children have played these games before.
182
Unit
21
4 Glloste<l agam, and underl,ne tile WOI'dson these sentences that are different from wildt you hear
1 an goln~ to renund )()u of the rl.1.oul:nluo-.;;(t:x:u':Jct I) 2: All COlllPClllor:-. ..heuld 1t:J\C (hell' sponn~ held out. (1i~1r:lct I) 3 'O\\', fur Ihi., Ill!\t r.,1('C I waru )(_)U!lU in..,jdt: )oor Sl(k .. (Exlr:l<1 2)
1 Complete .hese sentences uSing one of the words or phrases from the grammar box
__ ~ __ Ir:linJr't: hard, he i."t ~llll .'the ~ clc::v'-"r ... h\! b n(l(
()!.,-",\ci~hl.
.. 'nu are
(Ulrollt
(F:([l':\cl
r._ permuted to loud, or pu... h (F.... \1r.ll11>

I)
5 'IlK.' winner. of ('uu~t.:. i.. the one who J:tet"i to lh....IiniShln~ linc first,
:1)
J.,"Oin,lotte) pa.. .., Ihe: exam. 3 '\4r brotbcr-, .11-'; \'1:1)' thffcrent. Tony h:l~"'1r.1I~lll hollr __ 1\likc
6 11k.1' mu... t oq~l) on their backs 1llIlhe) re.u.h till' Iilh,..lung hne.
- llu,.., couklbc
(1"-->.1.....0 .. )
n ..k} .100
\\C
do.1',
\'-:11ll
;;an)" J.l.\..te.ktlb.
un \\2
has
" __
{'\Itt}
h:llr
the (;u,'cIh:at the tt:th\ w a ..
deli) ed, the) didn Jl()I(>lIi/~
5 Wotk ,n pans Choose Ort@ of the ptctur.s and cescnbe how the game is played.
S [ngHlih ~r::unlll.lri~ e....it.-r to le.rrn
dun German J(r:unJl,.lr. __

Engh ... h spelling 1S more diffit.,ult.
(l
\\1':11)(
6 Talkabout the games you play/playedat sc/lool
01Y purerus
[0 1)(::, hairdresser __ wam 1l)CIn go I()
uni\'c~ll) .
Grammar
Linking and contrasting ideas
You can contrast ideas in one sentence but
I ",anr by
7 She'~ qune hC.IJlhy, __ .... uoking ,0 c:i,:JCdh: ....;I day. ~ I dldn', ~". job __ I 1>3d ,111u)\' ught qU:ahfic-.Jlion ..
,Ii.
using: to Stay ar /lome
2 Connect .he following pairs of

sentencesm twO d,fferent ways USIng Ihe words m brackets.
Sole,., I' p1.rl ,,01>3 roontl ball. RuUh)' Iii played wnh an cJUl,shaped ball (\\h..::I't: .... bUI) 1 In cricket thcl~i"i \l:ty Itu~ .cnon It b 'lill \'I;ry rupul~11'
(;t1dK>tlgh
ro go
on a ctVise bur
my husband
""nf>
although,
though, even though. Even though
emphaSIzes the
contrart more.
A/though she was .el)' 'ired. she wenr '0 the party She ''''''' to the fWIY. _" though she \Vasvery IIred. despite, In spite of. These words are prepositions. so you must use
a noun or a gerund after them. Desptr~ feel'ng ill, I took my drNIII!1 rest
/J1 spice of rhe wearher.
bt~.
we wen! for a walk.
j It rJin~.<1. -I hcy pl:l)'\.-d the gurne. reven rhocgh 'in SP'I~ of) .. He Ill>.llalentc..'Cl pL.l)cr. 11)c), \\un',
w~(eas
lane b...s /au. wheff!ds Sophie prefers c/dssical musIC.
Ier him pb}'

(althouJOili llC\crthc ........ "i) ; There
;1(C \ .UIOU))
You can contrast ideas in two sentences by using"

however. neverthf!less. NevertheleS$ is more formal.
He is very rich. HO_ ~ ISvery unhappy. There wdl gr... t deal of e.odena! agarur h,m. Ne'ffiheless. Cnf/UI)' found him Jnnoc;erlt on the other hand I( I ,ilke F,m (err,(,ca,e '" June. I rrnlY f.,I. On the o,ner h."ef. if I wdi, urlll/ December. I wiR have to spend the summer studying
The II'K)-,l t:unnu-, ~
kind ...of lootl-mll, Uritish
(0011)'..-.11 (hQ\\e\LT .although'

6 1\1arx.hc"'ler United \\Or1Ih", HI.tICh
[\-CrlUOC C"'pL"(1W ,,",Ion
y,IIJ
to
win. (\\hL erc:II','d........ plh;' 7 She i"l ;I gt\."'.u .llhlt1c, "'he <:10\:"'0" 1t,IIn t."nough (In Sr)11~hu\\ 1.."\ tt)
183
,.. Polalo races
Use of English
1 For queSllons 1-10, read the text opposite, Use the word gIVen In capitals at the end of each loneto form a word that fits In Ihe space In the same lone. The hislory of the OIl'LIlplc Games
AC('o(ding 10 Greek tcgcnd, till' ()Iylnpk' Games were ~;lItC'd by Hercules. son of ZClI!t. In honour of hi:t father. The nr:-I OIYI1\picG..unes about \vhh.h wv I~,,'c (I) __ were held In 776 He on (he plam of Olympla. (james had taken place
I"FOR\!
t\l!\I~ I \II'ORT A 'OCt;
before Ihi~ date btu had (\)11.,1.."1..'<.1 (2) __ of ch:.tricA rd(.\."" lbc J04.~N Grt:ek.. ...Iho\liClu the G.lllk ..... \\ ere :iO Cj) __ rh.n' d\'I,.") n'k;::bun..~ tUlle t)) Iht.- .nIM"'31 between them A pt..'riod of four rcan. \\~, ( ,) __ 10 :J~ an 01~'nl()i.:ld 1lle: G;mld ;:100 n:1)(\'''!'ol"l'lh.'<.I lht. (ir'\."t..~itk.-al ot p1l)~K"31
(~) __ and l'leluIY. \\ luc:h Ihl..")'considered :IS impUr1;lnC .,.; the (6) __ of the uued. NuthtllS:. n01 even \\'.lr. \\.~
Rf.IT:R 111'
1)""r:I.OI'
(:DI\-flNt.:F.
.lIlo\\e<.l to Interfere \\'1111the Ci.llne,",'rhe)' were h~'d (7) __ C\'t:I)' four year-. fur more rhnn 1noo rC".Jr~ until (heir (8) __ by rhe ){OIl1:.&n.. in .\0 .~t)". .\[ the end of the nhl4,.1.CC1llf1lt.'lllUty 1 Frenchman called B.ltun de Ccubcrtfn cJ"'C.ldc-rJ In (9) __ the 11:1(IIIIOn .,'(_lIlu\\'inS his 5UAAC'SLJ0I1. jrhccn n:uions met at all .10' __ t.'Qngrc.." in l~).t ~o \'elt!!>btL -x, the 0..... 1 n'tKk:m ()lympic.VolIllC" \$.'1\.' hcki m AI~. In 201M.II..... Ol~..np~ \\ill rerumto Orcccc. \\'Ix"" .\thens will 00C't." apul 1)(-:1)" hQ:)1 to the )tlt.:.llt.... '1')O't~ev t.-nt in the \,"tHtd.
,$101.1511
N.\TtOK
Vocabulary
so
Phrasal verbs (sport) catch up knock out drop out join in

kick off send off
such
USIng
fall behind
1 Complete these sentences
one of the words
atoo.e.
a hot day thaI I wore ~~ 3.11 day. hOl u d;t)' th.1l J \\'()fl: :..h()I,-,;t1l day, ,~ Ihc)' were __ jlOC:xi fricnd, fltMhlng wcujd pan
I II \\;" __ 2 11\\3 ... __ them.
3 Complete these sentences USJng the coerect fe<m of one of the phrasal verbs above
Th... , were __ in the Ii.... ' round
(If
the
Ilc b __
r.IC(,',
good :r. runner he is bound to win the
~ 'Ill!.!") :I(C __ nice people Ih~11everyone likes them, 6 It \\';15 __ goc.xl \\ inc c dr-Ink III 0( it ... Tht. tt.""it \\3:- __ d,ffic,:\Jh we :111failed It
<."Ollll)l.:lIlIon. 1 I don't jUb( \\,:11)1 to ~it here \\':lIchin~ the gnmc. \\ unt 10 ~cl up and __ : .i ~ht., "'arled the I"JC'f: vel) \\'t~1I hut then ,..he ~l( tired and __ the other 31hIt.1L,', ~hc II h.1\'C10 ruu faster if :olle \\'.1111, Iu __ \\i(h
Iht: (lIh-.:r runne r-. \ Aflc.'fhl.. foun.h foul, \t'iJk,n'

n.:(t..'fCc.
\\":l." __
1. the
2 FInIShthese sentences
Ilk' Ie,",\\':1." "0 .
(, Ih: __
'",,;nfM.I"
~ the team \"\ hrn he ..... U1 ... -d h:J\ing

ht""3lth probk."."
... The mncb __

;,h()uI five o'clock,
at three 0'4.:101.. k .Intl onded nr
2 ShC' is such a good (1'1\.'nt.1..
.1
HI!' 1);ll\:nl:o. :lrc "'0 .,.trkt .
.. 'Ill C)' :u-c /Ouch nice people ... S I-Ie is such u g(Jud tcachel' ... 184
Unit
21
Writing
Exam practice: Informal letter
1 You are going
10 answet'
IhlS qUEStion.
1 \Vhicr j5 your
f_urite
"port Bnd wny7
YUUf pen rriend hns "nUen to you and vvoujd like (0 know whru you lhink .lhC)\1l sport. I Jc/l'lhc h:l~ '\cIH you chi/\ questlonnalre 10 uw. \X1ritC.1 tcner to your J"Cll rtk.'nt!. :I(~,,\\ ertng me que ..uonnace You can also :.dd Od)f.'f information \\ rile between J 10 JoU 180
2 Do you plan to watch .ny sport in tho next fow d$Y'!)7Glv ""its.
1) I.
lIfolence D problem at sporting evente In ~our CCU"v.f7
"'01"
2 R~ad mese two letters lener A is very formal and Letter B is mformal, Fond an example of each of these fealures in Ihe two feners.
Fuml:ll Idler (A)
1\0 ("(W'Ut:lction..'
4 Do:.<>U thin\( ,numat.ional ~ng event<> er.courage ~otur undtr,;""ndir.g "etween "8tions7
5 What would 1>. the advantag and

di.advanuogc'!) of hoiGII"gtht Olympic Game6 in the GSme Gountry tvtry ume7 Which counCf)l..wld:.<>U propoee7
lnfonn::d h.. atcr (D)
rOIlI1.!1 \'ocabulJ.l'),
I.(ln!! 'tnll.'JlC'e:-
.\ k. 0( COOlr.lC:ttoJb Infcwnul \ocahuIJf')

"ilion sentences
_j
C:Clinplex Ar.lnlnl:lr
I.inklnj:; words
$inlplc gmrruuar ,\ In. of reference c~ II. III,,', ,IILo(
\\CH'(l..
B
A
Dear Sir or ~'I"dllll).
DeJlr Mike,
- -_ --
---- - --~
I
I
Lam "riling in response to )our letter or 8 Mtlrch '998. wouk' be happ) to pro\-ick )'00 with the infonn311an "'h.c~ ,00 require 10cou1pk:tt )(M,~r article ror t.be school m3J;3Zlne. ihave eotnplcted the que..l1onnairt:you enc~ \\llh lour leuer. ~ly response to )'OUI' other questions rouow-.
Allhough I urn nac by IIny nu::tl'l'; obscs-ed .... ith any spcu. however popular it may be with uther people. I nlust ~a)' ~eu quilt fond of tennis. u i.s such a rcl:';<.ing"':I) 10 'r>e.nd :I tew hours hi". bowevcr, e~tn:n'ICl)' difficult for me 10 hnd the linx: 10 tennis. Fote, ampte, 1 do nat plan to ":ncb ony ..port tn the next Icw days hc.'CIlUSC whe.n I come horne 1 am
",111m
obliged
10 c()U11)leIClI'Iy It
atso have to "lsil
hOlllC\\,Ol'k asSI,gn:ncnl'l for cchool. 1 friend of nlinc in hOSPll:'l.l',cl'Cf~~re ...

(U, OUI'IIC
huw\!"'cr Inuch I "Quid like to relax end enJtlY Iny sport, it i~ not alw.... ys (X)....ible (or me to do so. y..,,, r.ilhrull). lim C.ur
---- ----
__ J
- ----
---
---- ,
I
3 Now ii's you, IUIn W,ite your lelle, 10a pen r,.end. USInglhe quesloonnalle above Wille belween 120 and 180 WOt'ds. 185
22
Holidays are bad for your health

Expressing wishes and regrets; inversion
Vocabulary Speaking
and
1 Put the words ,n the box unoer the following headings: typesof holiday placeswhere people stay on holiday placespeople visit on holiday things people do on holiday problems people can haveon holiday
camping resort museum queues bed and breakfast relax seaside crowds delays sunb:llhing fun-fair caravan adventure rows sigillS<.'cing
crutsc 10:\1luWtgc youth hOSH:1 cxcur:;iuo sunburn
bCIU;h tent
--
2 What other words do you know about holid<lys? Add words to the groops
above. Exam practice: Photographs

3 Choosetwo of the photographs and compareand contrast them. Whidh holiday woold you plefer? Why?
186
Unit
A
22
BARCELONA
<'a,.ton1,.\'amkr down the tl'Ct'-liDl"'d "IIntbl~ \\ith iI~
C'Olourl'ul 0.. ,,4.-"- ~Utl~ hil'tl M!'1I('D. !>11"(_'(_1,.rrforwnt:1"S and Ilun.frou..'! plu-e.rncrll (,l1r~.,cisif'he l'j('JI"'fll\1u~um. " ... )11 Ihn,uglr lb(' "ulltll' t,uurter. ~l\Joy the l'llhulous rn.ltlurunL ....USIl-'U tu lal' lnlhe (;)r~ and "'I~'cr \,h" Uar('tion. i. ..... uC'h:." ,",-("itin,:tnd t()Qnopo"'.n city.' Durt"R )."1' Sla, IhC'rt 'MillM _hi: ('barK'C' 10join lfoOrtW opllonal HMJrQom. in~tlldin!!Acily ~JthlM'cin; lour. 'fhl' I;rcnl \'11111(' price
TI'ta'
E
.....,
)ou~lr 10 Ihi.!!.!Iupem ''AllIC" htT1lk 10 tbe (1) mpiortil) 8:uuofou - proud ,-,pilal or
Zimbabwf! is a magical
country with its ever
or
changing mixture of landscapes. cufturt!s and wildlife. see the white rhino uavol by steam train
C)(rcS Africa
visit Victona Falls, twice as high and three times as wide as the Niagara
or 11;9.91)Int'lud(S:
taU OUT~
H"lnrn fliJlhu C.!IIWicklnlu~tlllna. Ti'lIn"r(r bl!t'\lN!n :drp(lrl lII"d hOlcl. Four 11 cif(Hin:t 351." hOltl (I" sUhiblr").
nl,.",
Falls
enjoy a sunset cruise on the Zambezi river 1399 for 7 nighlS
r... drlaiL" (l(lh~

Stnl~
_malt.,. .rTf..~ Ofrtt't' locblYon; .,'"
.\'~.'OJO
Leisure Breaks to
California from 469

If ),ou want to experleoce the real California. then take a United Vacation. We offer just the right mix of fun and relaxation. From sun-drenched beeches to colourful Dlsney chal1lcters; luSh. green vineyards to exciting
For fuJI itineraries and further information please contact; EDWARDS & HARGREAVES LTD. Portland House, 1 Coventry road. Market Ha(l)otough.
Leicon."hlr.lE'698X
01858432123
nighl life In the dllti. So why just: settte for a holiday to California. when you can have the real thing. a United Vacation, Call01235
824344 for a copy of our brochure or see your
Reading
1 Felt ques~ons I-II. choose from the advertJs4>menlS A-O Some of lhe ~lSements may be used more
than once. When more than one answef IS required.
IOC41
traval agent. UNITED VACATIONS - UNITED AIRLINES
I
o
DON'T GO ON HOUDAY TO AMERICA. TAKE A VACATION.
these maybe 9~n In anyorder.

\~/hlfh ht)hd~lr Or holkl;l~~ would }()U 1\.'t'onul1cnc:1 for ;orl'w..un~\\'110:
* Corsica
The fr.lftrJm isbnd 0( (ADio Is bc;:;autiIW .l.t ;10) ~ or )'c-;al', hut in We:': \1;;1\ l.1nd)unc tbc nowe......re In full btoom :lnd \VOIuJcrf,11Cfillntr)' \\>;Ilk..~~.I must. C . ur;o.lC:I~ bc:IUI)' truly kll()\\'~ no bounds. And. with ol'1-pc:ak rate :1holiday there ~~ len
lh;an
hke-, ,,\aid :ulinul~

Ilk... , I11U'<lun~ II;J' )OUI11-l children?
canmu .lffurd:1 very expen,... Ive
I W.
I ttl
1.~":::,I:":I.'::l:..I_.!,1 ===;,,==l
)'Ulld,~nc
lik,~ 01) life? lu .. d -c ,\'4: 0{ ad\t."fl4u(l.-?

cnjovv ",,'hnlning
t.L~_ ...., -~'~=l
Tn ~),pt'ricncc the be..Ul) ..,rCceslca In \b). June, or al .In) time o( )'CW'. rill): or \\ rite (), uur hrfk:hul'\:. Coatca. IllIf /I'I'grnntls/IJ, In 5c..,1'O". till season.
.md ... unh:uhil')g'"
likc!oo Inu~lc? t:n~)y' Ilk ('oulltl'}"'ld<.'1' like.. hC)'_I1~
I a I f.J
j
'-=
go wrong.
187
(QI2'Z) 2-10310
\'FH IInhda"co, Dt.-pc Oil, "onll;uxf)Jh~I~, 111}t1l ~lrccl.
Chclt vnh.nu.
GI(M.lt(-"I4,,-tt(hlte \.1 ~1I1flB
2 Choose one of the hohdays and discuss WIth a partner

whal kind of things could
* Holidays are bad for your health
Grammar
Expressing wishes and regrets
You can use wish or ;f only + (ovId or past simple/continuous to talk about something you would like to be different, but can't change. If only is stronger than wish. I wish Mary was coming to the party on Saturday. If 000/ I had (Ufly haif! To talk about something you regret in the past. you can use: wish Of If only + past perfect. I wish we had gone 10 Spain InSlead of England.
should have + past participle.
3 1 regl'C1rxx being able 10 II':J"cl more when I
\V:lS
younger.
could I wish {his year. had I wi .. eh holiday lhis year.
could
when I was
)1()t1"!!Cr.
Ij I'm ."orry we weren't able to have a proper
hoUd:IY
10
have a proper
5 '\\'0\11<1 love 10 ~o for :1holkht)' on the ~'loon! I(

(\Ioon!
for n hohday on the
We should have fUmed right at the last junction -
now we're lose,

1 Complete these sentences using the correct form of the verbs in brackets.
I wish I __ (have) enough money (0 ger this (C'Jn)afford <1 crutse hoUd:.ly thiS
6 I would love to unvel round rbc world bUI I haven't ~Ol the tnoney. afford If Hl rravcl round [he world. 7 Going,by u-un to "al'is would have been much
beuer,
gone
\X'c
by
train.
coat.
2
Jr only
year.
\V~ __
3 Expressa regret about the following situations using

wish, if ono/ or should have. For the first five situations. use the words in brackets, then use your (YoNn ideas for
the remaining situations.
\\7eslUJull' h"'1(! gone eariter. 1 There were long delays :11 the airport. (go/earlier) 2 'fhe hotel ~\'3S overbooked. (warn/us) 3 Ko one spoke english. ($[;1)'1., home) 4 The beach "::'5 crowded. (usc/hoccl swimming pool) '; \'\"4.; didrl'I meet :lny il)rel'CSling people. (go out/ruore) 6 There were tOOIll:lll)' tourists everywhere. 7 A1Ithe food \\':1$ spicy. S The night dubs were 100 expensive, 9 There \"C1'C mosquhoes :11 niglu. 10 we I"JIl OOl o( 111011<':)',
3 Ltlunk we should __ (go) 10 the (l!lIi:ln (<<;."1:".11'<101, bur it's IOU late now. d If only the govemment __ (not/Increase)taxes. ; J wish I __ (not/have) 10 SU to work every d:l)'. <> TIlls ~1t:ClriCiron ts useless. l should __ (Ilol/buy) il!

2 For questions 1-7. complete the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the first sentence, using the word given. Do not change the word 9,ven. You must use between two and five words, including the word given.
\Xlhal a shame 1didn't learn to plny n musical
instnuncru. learnt If instrumcru.
to plny a
InUSK::lt
4 Finish lhese sentences. II' only I ... 21,yi5h1 ... 3 1wish t had ... 4 I shouldn't have ...
2 You didn'l book your rickets on time. have You yourtickets cnrtter,
188
Unit
22
Speaking
1 WOlk with a panner and make a plan 10< the Sltuallon below.
Look m thi~ In.IJ') or n hohda) ,..!:Ind wnh some 01 lh(.' luud ... ,..i,Ltlu... and acth'ki\.-"'i j-cu <'::11'1 ( ho()~c.You are on u crulse and YOLI nrc vl cllinA 111l .....sland to!'
il
day. Derkte to~cthvr hO\\1 you 31'('
going to speno the Inotnln~. :tflernoon and L'\.t:'nh,S(
DISCUSS
thesequestions
:1
\\ h.1t l"t rTlO5t UnpUnJfU 10 you about
holidal'?
\\'ut
l.. lour r,l\(')Un,,: ",nd

)00 h;a\OC C\f._'Sh:ad)
0( holkJa)'?
IS
\\'hich is dl!: he ... olnd \vturn
the
'\\"Or.5(
holida)'
Vocabulary
Formal and informal words
1 Match words lrom li51A with words from fist 8 that havea SImilarmeaning, bUl are mo<eformal. The word gel rSused more
than Once.
A
2 Complete this feller USing one of Ihe informal woros lrom exercisef DearJoh", Thank. Po< )Our foe""r. I'm ro.11y (I) __ to hear that you'", enjoying )Our nt..job, and It'$ (2) __ news to rur your. gOi",!eeI>e in town 0" Saturday. IT come to (3) __ )011 from tile .Irport. Put (4) __ )'OOr nigh,tlaail", Cou"')'OO (5) __ me: h6,. thom in tile fIe>(1; ft:W tlsy6? Youcan fll>< thom to tile office anytime.
fQ ha", tho (6) __ "'til me at; tile ~ - hope)'OO don't (7) __ too much. I know that)Oll nonnslly (8) __ chgdren. l>utrm (9) __ eYe" you "ill 111:. r.I1em. They're Wlry ~ulet .nd novor (10) __ . Ar!yNtty,tIIey'f be vAtIIWir (II)__ moee o( the time sod w. won't see Wm much.
I
1
let
leave etart 100
J:,'<.1
11 ("""d
collt.'t.1
nlAt\\:lklU'"
pl\.-"l~n' therefore
\UlUllI.."nlc
marc
need
grc:1I
U)'
pc.-nlln
cornpl;Jin (~~<" c\:r1:lln
kid
1110{In
la\ .uory
(.]l.:lc:.l :1114':'11111
~"'d
nliI)d
nice
ca."'l stand
Sure
<0
dcp:lrl delluhh:d nhc:lln

"' .. "<Iuil\!
J thought w.... go 1:0 concert on Saturday night. I want to 90 and (12) __ the tickets till. morning, (13) __ I'll Rni5h off now.
ayefornow,
Michael
child
189
* Holidays are bad for your healch

Listening
1 El
YOLI will hear a radio intelView with Georgina Jerum~,
1 Co"eCI the~e sentences. J Ran:{.' do teacher nltlhe a 1010/111011(:)" J Rarely h::lchers make :1 1()4 (JI' muncy. 2 I-Iardl)' ever people in my counrry srudy abroad, 3 Nowhere dK"I'C is a country :l~ beauuful a:i uune.
a tra~ agen!. For questions 1-10, complete the sentences with a word or a phrase.
Flightmukcrs specialize in
-1 Only hr pf:lcll"ilng :1 101 )'OU \\'ill 1('~lm a foreign

language. 5 Never I would :1~rt_'\." to dancing (;l'I~S('~, 6 Scldoln old people in Ill)' (,_'ounlrylive alone. 7 Not only young people choose their own careers hUI they also lllaJT)t whoever thc~' like. S Scarcely I had time lie do\\ n when Ihe phone
2 Gt.'O,'gin:1ha.:; juS. ((lln<: hack from
I ~----~
:1
I
3 Ku ra nda is " LI _,il'' ' --
__'
'0
,) The balloon i.:. Inanncd by su It:aM
l~lng,
I@
; The balloon is filled with 6 There were
;f""Grr-----,
IIX:Oplc in the
2 Complete these sentences with one or two words.

2 ; 'I S Never __ heard such beautful music. (\Ol only __ the food wonderful in his(''Olllllrr hut file: wine j..; grt!';u roo, __ ever do , eat meat. Rill'Cly __ seen such wonderful paintings, Only when you have learnr enough grammar __ be able (0 express yourself in English. On)' uficr ( had " .. n lhe phone down __ realize whnt h:ld happened.
baskcL
7 To ~tecr lhc b;llloon. you ughum 8 Th<.' weatheritlJulycan he 9 A balloon (rip 1=1~1$1i1J
10 A one-hour trip
.'
rl
.fl'l:._:-:.l'-----,
co..I.-. ~I=',I:::_
IhOUI',), -'
Useof English
2 Would you like to go on a balloon holiday? What other
unusual holidays can you think ofl
Exam practice: Part 2 1 Read the text opposite and say which of the situatlon~
in the cartoons the wnter mentions, Ignore the spaces for now.
Grammar
Inversion
If you want to emphasize something. you can put
2 For questions 1-15, think of the word which best fits

each space.
negative adverbs or adverbial phrases at the

beginning of the sentence.You use the sameword order as in a question. Here are some adverbs you can use: never. scarcely. rarely. seldom, hardly. hardly ever, I ~1i1lnever give in. Never win I give jn. I hardly ever go co the theiltre. Hardly evel do Igo to the tllea"e. You can also use expressions with only. eg only after, only when, only if, not only. Only if you passyour exams wiU I buy you a computer. These structures are formal and you therefore usually only use them in written English.
use only one word in each space.
3 Answer ihese qoesuons about the text.

How many reasons does he give (Of why people hulicl:I),? 2 \Vh:u prohlC:I1IS wuh going 011holid:I~' does he nlenrion? 3 \"\lhy have he and his wuc quarreJJ~d?
011 ":'0
. I-IO\Vdo thelr children (\"'1;1 ~lhOUIStoing on holicby?
190
Unit
22
That's Life
by John Truman
As the hHt hC\lidflY season starts
Vocabulary
travel journey trip voyage
lip lignin, John Truman takes a

cold, hard look ilt our annual escape (rom the stresses and stratne of ~"crydayroutine. I'vc been \\'onderins; - \~hat
1 Complete these sentences using Ihe COfreetlOfm 01 one 01 Ihe words above.
1 Do )'('" .I~tccthat __ broo.<kn ...the mtnd? 2 On )U'-I'-'"In) A<'M"St on cay __ Into the
(:nunlt)'<ldc;.
i!o the pC'lInl 0( going on holiday? Espoci.1l1y fom.ly holidays.

Holldavs ." ... opposed (1) __ do you good - they relax you; take your mind ()f( the flh'\"'l'le5 and strains of work: brighten the everydny tedium of routine (2) .\ ~POIor sunslune and, all in .,11,recharge your b.. iuerles ",.dy (.1)__ the long. cold winter ahead. That's the theory, Now Jet's look at some (,et< My wife and I (4) __ been thinking about wbere to go fer a summer holiday (5) __ year. \--Ve'\'c a lready hod several rows about (6) we should "'" e e ", .. Ide holiday (which <he prefe,.;), head for the cool mountain air (which J prefer) or go mml''"g with <n __ best friend, (rom school (whidl our children prefer). The chltdren, of course, (8) __ ideally like to go somewhere where there oro plenty of fun-fairs. Our teenage daughter would love to go somewhere where there are (9) __ parents, You see, she has reached thot ripe old age of sixteen (0) __ holidays with Mum and Dod .'" just one big yawn. And vl'lring museum \\'ith Mum and Dad is the blssest Y"\\'n of (It) __ And so we slug it out, aU pulling in dillen.'nl din.'ctioRS. The blood pressure really begins to the packing (12) __ 10be done. Fifteen minutes before we depart for the airport it (3) hasn't been done bee.. lllll.e h'C'VC all been running .,round getting tickets, vi5d'f;new swimming C"O"turIWS. suntan oil or a. tK!\V book to read (4)_- the beach, And we still h.lven't set (15) __ . And then, .t ti1c mrport, our check-ill desk has a queue as long as the GI'C4,l\f\'AIlof China. Ah, horne sweet home.
\nl.;tl
dO'\'Utl
1.I)o;.c \\ tth rou on
long __
'
"' Oc)ll'" dnyone in )'out (alnUr go on businc".. __ 5 1)0 you Jtt.t 41ca"ld: On long __ ?
6 Du)"O\.I think th.u alr __
i.;;
$:lr~~
2 Work with a partner. Ask and answer these qucsuons. Phrasal verbs (review) 3 Replace the underl.ned words ,n lhese sentences w.th a
phrasal_b .
1'1111101 well off IlUl I :"!ur\"ivc \\'i(h
:I
lillie help fmol
nl)T fnl"rltJ...
---
~~~:-'5" rise when
2 I've bc .. "l'11 lI1'tll~lO conlact you for hf)\Ir~but the linc \\'.11., enA-'J.tI".'(.L .~ You've fOI);lcl(h.:n to f:lliten your shoe-luces. 4 '111C concert \\'n~ pos~d rill the follo\\fi"Jt d:ly because the ~inJ.."C1' \\';1';; ill, ~ llanJ,l on :a nlnll'k..'Ocand I'll juS( COnnl.'(t }'OU \\ ilh tbe ~II~ .. d4..--pc:lnmt'fU 6 II rou l.'t)ftli.nuc Ihe (,,11()()(( work you \e been datOS. )'00 \\ ill ~1 $tr.KIc A r The Il.lOOenl' ~ everything the lectun.._-r "'Iid in their notebook:... R 00 lOU Ihlnk the new ho~pital ",,11he nlcnlloncd 21 the 111t't'llnll On ~'onday? 9 \Vh:n que ..... ion!'tdo )'OU think arc }.'(jinl-\10~ In
the exalu?
10 I think "II SI;)n:Iueodins karate Ic..... sons. J) I \\,:11\ l':li~ in F.nsd und, but moved 10the l:SA when I \\r.l~ '\~\:'ncy. I Z She R.1.umc:-d all hi' pt('M.'111.'i because she dldn', love tum anvmore. 13 She rer...... ed h.. offer of marrege. I~ She' ga\ e hlm Md: me ring and cancelled their enjt.Jgenlcnl
191
,.. Holidays are bad for your healrh
Writing
Exam practice: Letter of description
In the writing exam, you may be asked to write a letter describing something. The letter could
1 Read these lists of features you should include when describing towns or cities and objects.
l)cSC:ribing [0"'11$ or cities historical f:l(;ts location
nescrtbtng Ohjt::(,:L.,
..ize
sh:.lpc
describe an object a place or an event. It could be

written to someone you know, for example a friend, or to someone you don't know, for
example a hotel. The letter could be transactional (you expect a reply, for example if you have lost something), or non-transactional (for example if you write to a friend telling them about something). Here are some example situations you
population natura! rC~II\Ife. .. what it is famous for the people the si8ht~
colour
texture
material patterns, de.sign
other
U!iC)
fearures (value,
Here are extracts from two descriptions. Group the extracts under the following headings: - description of an object - description of a place
in the north-west of the country brown leather strap a historic city
could be asked to write about:

- You have left your ring in a hotel room and you
write to the hotel to ask whether they have found It.

- You have been given a kit1en for your birthday
and write a letler to a friend des(ribing it.

- Your pen friend has written to you asking you to describe your home town. - You have recently been to your sister's wedding
it bas sentimental value

mngniflccnt 1l10nU111L'nt.'> WITh second :t1'KI hour hands
and wl'ite a letter to a friend describing it. Here arc some tips on writing a descriptive fetter. Think about who you are writing to. and how this will affect the style of your language
(formal or informal).
Begin by giving the reason for writing.

Organize your ideas into paragraphs.
End your retter by making a request (if you

want something done), Of comment on the contents of your letter (if you are telling your reader about something).
about a million people a small knob on the skle a foresr oorsioe rhe (ity it is worth a 10l it i.'>ll'l digital made in Switzerland on the coast round face with I<OOl:1nruins it is nn Omega wristwatch
fricndly people
gold
delicious food \vid, R(_HU:ln numerals to I11!1rk tJ1Chours built on M!vcra) hills
2 Use the extracts above to answer one of these questions.

Y()U think you lost your 'tvarch at :\ friend's house after a party, Write u leuer 10 your friend expkuntng whar has happened. Describe the watch in ::IS 111Uch detail :LS yQU can. wrhe
between 120and 180 words.

2 Yoe are working in locrl tourism nnd your employer has asked you to write part of a leaflet in F.l1glish for the use of Iorergn vtshors to your cny. \'('rile :1 description of your town co be
included in me 180 wurdi s,
1C"J.flL1..Write hCl\VL"CO
120 and
192
Unit
22
Exam practice: Transactional letter (letter of complaint)

3 Read the lellor below and answer these quesbons.
110\\ IIl:1ny l"UClIpiainl.' doe the wrhcr IlI.ll,c? 2 \'(/hal r.iu .... '(1 the prflhle,n in 1h(; fir ... 1 pLltl.' j uow do VOl! know thi .. i" a format k-lIer?
.'I.tk~ ., 11"'1 u-cful t.:xprt':o.. ... ion ....

.. AI\.'.ht, ('(~nl"l.llIu, Iniid ()r ~tnn,::' (.I\t.: "".11111'1 ......
or
l:un "'Tilin$. Iu c,'tlft."un JIxu In) dn:adfuI Clpcna\."C Ir.l\clhng ('lfllhe Eagle i\ithOl.... A11-'hc 6().1S (RW'11 C.al"'~.'L10 Rlode J;1... 'n'oo the: 261h "'I::I'I:h Ilt 11'l..'$ pm, Ou nm\'ulln Rio. we \\1!IC told Ihtl our lu~gnt.'C,-wid nue D.: 1,14'11 off the aitt'mlt:lfld du dlC plalle ,,\,~ hcadin~ l\ilCl to Loneronwith uur fugg~eoilit \\'C were w"en no expianaiionas
10\\'tlY Ihi~ h..d h1lJlpened,
i\f!el' seven" h(lUI~ nn E..1J;Ie Air n::pn...~ntali\e 1111111 I)'
;"---~-:-----::==-::::;;::==:::--======:;-l
"PI>C..lnx.l.\Ve \\'Clt infonncd iJKlt the cal};.) hold of Ilk: crurict h:ll.l$Unf11L'tIand I( had been nnJX~lh'e 10open h. Tbe n..l"tlo('nlUtrvc \\";fi 001. at all apoI~etlC 1ll110,n;il.c n~CI'~'Cn \\a')C. \\(' Lhcn h:td kJ \\:Ut O\'ef 30 bouJ in oR1:r In till '" the ~ie\;arc ronn.'" I"",.1Id th:. my 108_ """IeI:wnw II><""" W) lind """,rore eb.cbl '" cleby Ill) ~_ fer P.JJ1o. ln taL" J \\Ih run.uil(l\\.U. the<b)'~ fornl~lugg~,.'i!10 b.: rerun..... d 10 m:.I.~I~ I1lC gmu PCl"'01aJ illl."Of\\cnll..'1l1."C and cxp. 'n1c, I had b'C.lnc 10DntlillO give a hu~ine!\., (n:(,CIUlilillfl \..... Inch,uf I.'OUI\C. I \\o{l\ unahlelo(ba'l> I \\'ft'i \\-ilh(l~llln) C10lhc"l und Jl;.tpCnI. Nruunlfly.1 ha\..: "Criou~doul.X.s abolJ: u ..in~ E.~1e Auiinclo:It'!in. II."llCb< detalls ofth! C'<IJa~l~ ~flichI incumd "hIk" .. ~forml Jus<;c~ 110111. ~"" JIll., bcaring from l-
s.o
Travel fast, travel safe with
EAGLE AIRLINES
Travel in style and comfort Read the newspaper (free to alLPassengers)
Yo.n (:umhdl).
""me
f '"
-- no newe,p..p.r
Enjoy our feature film
4 Now It'S your turn. Wrcto an answer to this question hnhd..lY UThch \\.1'" "flC"k because seven u llhln~ ... \\t..'111 \\Rm~ un die: ;OUme~. Read tile' ;&(.htrlr....em ...ru and dk.~ .XJI(_..':'o whk-h ynu have III.tdt then \\ nrc your letter of complaint In H;'~k e\iJlinc:o;. Add ,".unll;;' or
You hJ,\I.'Ju..t 0l0'k" haC'k (rocn
:J
just ehildrcn'fj cartoon6

B
Full meal with wine Friendly staff
cold enae
All flights from Gatwick

Charter and regular flight> to destinations all over Europe
)'out own c"(1111pl;1lnl:-'. \Xlnl\: between
120
and h;()\\'of'll~
'5' 0800 576 324 Much better for much lessl EAGLE AIRUNES 28 Stewards Way london SW24 8RY
193
*Review:
Units 20-22
For qcestlons 1-15, read the text below and think of the word which best fits each space. Use only one word In each space. Mode in the USA
The AnlCI'K',ln \\;1) of life ha:- an enormous inilucn('t,' on people In c:c:)ul"rieo; a, ( I) __ apart :'IS Ru:o...d~1 and Br:l!(II. Thb mtlucece can (2) __ seen in aU kind ...Q( \V'I)'"" rn)11l
Ihl.' clOthc'i "t.' \\'C.l' (.~) __ U~
Exam practice: Use of English, Part 3 For questions 16-25, comp'ele the second sentence so that It has a Stmiar meaning to the nrst ~tence, USIngthe ''>lOrd given. Do nol change tbe wood
given. You must use between two and five wolds. Including 1he word given
16 ACe)uu going (0 pJnic.'II>rucin Ih~ ~ho"this ~:Ir?
< 1111,"'01.,..
Cllrl"'rnl;l~ In
1c.'ll
part
Are you _
IIIC
,,,Iw,\' rlus YC:lr?

17 Let's Slop (or coffee new ;1I1e:! comtnuc minutes,
food
we
cat.
C.) __
take
lOU ..\\ iH.h on ehe'"
(0 watch a fC:IIUfC film, <:hlfl('l.. ... ere
1,-,", _-:- __
---:
concc .md
(X'I\."'1\(.:;) __ the film wtll be an .\ll1crkJ.n n.... )\K:. <>I)\ iou. ...Infiu<:n(t; 0( AJ1ll.-ri("..1n C,:uJ(UI\.' .', or (O\u"'<. lhRKlJChthe u,'OC (M Engh ...Jl(-) __ the Ifll\.'fTl..lhntul lJn8"J~' (\I COClullunation. If it (8) __ not for the unpon~lllc (J American t...'t..vnom;cilVlucncc (')) __ \,wkJ. ,n,Joy J)(_'(.)pk woeld noclxJ!lI ...... r (0 learn F.n~lVl (10) __ 0&11, ":nf,th,h (II) __ the :Jd\,.lntJj...'\!over (_J(h~ I.lfI)(U;IIolCf; 01 oOl"rin,A a complete package- it h"I" (Il) __ the I.lnf.l,u.l~lur il\lcnl:thon4l1 scleoce (Jj) __ .1lonl:l lUl\11: now: II " th ... 1:10J.'U.lge of computers. pup ll1U .. lc and .,1,11") inh.I'Il.llion.11oJ~ulil.ations .Above (14) __ , 1':njCllsh I, tlw fm,l (1~) __ '0;1..,('011<1 J:tnAlI:'~cin Ill:U1)' coururtc, In the
(Mil
nlnc
continue in ten minutes. JR "'"inuning is the ITl()q popullr keep fif am'lly. Juon: TIlc.'f\: .. ~ no k\."t.'P til a(1I\"II) _____ swimmlng 19 I \\(Xlftl rathee
J
plcil:l to'it.') III
The (,) __
It".
tOllJglu
OUI lonl~fll.
20 1 irucnd to -ean~oing 10k"r:ut' k"",,,on~. mke

I urn I<:II';I(l.'
IC.''>fll'"
\\'ulltl
11 You ,-"rely find ("""U1n1" like Ih:1I1t1f:ul'oJ'k:. common C">IOOlS like d.u ~ _
______ F."",I'<"
12 I started learning Spanbh LI~I \'C.Ir. been
________
1,1<1 )""'"
23 He pbys the gtJil;tr .andhe "inK' too.
onlr
NUl -:-
the ... \ULlr. but he
:.10;0 sings.
2<j You 'viII onl)' learn Co play Ih(.Stullar by
pr:IClio;;illg.
by
011')'
yuil:lr.
10 r)i:l)'
Ih"
2; Coin.'t bald b nut couuuou ;uuunj.t,1 younlt

people.
rarely Youn!' p.:oplt:
1>,Id
194
Review: Unit
20-22

for questions 26-40, read the text befow and look carefully at eachhne. Someof the lines are correa, and some have a word whidl should not be t""'e W a hne rs corre<:t,put a llct (.I), If a
hnehas a word whidl should not be there, wnte the wo<d The Olympic Games
__ __
__
26 11le OI)lnl)~' Gamev take a place C\('"I')' fool )c:lI~ and \t,;.i('h ume arc 27 or)t,lIlI?c.'d by a dinl'r ..-nt country cr, (It Ill: more pr..xt-e, hY:1ddt{'[cIU (iI).
lH In reeeru }"\."JI'\
3oU((L'!\..(Ull) in
\\C
h.t\'c "'f..'\,'n the Olympic .. orgamecd
\"L'T'\
n'lU(.-h
__
__
__ __
_
__
__ __ __
__
Ban elona. ~"()ul and \(l1nl:I, Then: iv ,11\\';;ly~.1 great .W dC:ll of compcurion between -uch difl'cl'Cnlctnes around the world 10 :"1 dL,('Kieonwhich one will be ):hcn IIll'hoo()urorh~lln~ [he OC\IGan~ :i2 A1thuu~h Ih.1Ithe nJa~il)' citizen.. secru to he in 1.1\ our of their (:iI) 3j orWllliling till" Games, [here i!'o usually ~I 'I!I'fw'lg nllnul'lIY wbo arc ji opposed to the all ide.l. OI'M: ,IQ(Unk.'ru:agaht" heNan).:(he Ol~ IItpe I, 3S tI'Ul the Cit)' In.ty to-e much nloney. TIll' COSt01 buildiHJ.: Ihe 01) mpic 36 \'ill,IAl', ~1;J<lh"ns :111(1hotcl~ ;,00 p.I"inH thou .. and ...tl4'lllIplo)'l,H; - :111 of ;l- thl' can :lmOUnllo Illucb n1(1O;mont') ... pent than ic \\ ill be m ..de reom ,~ :i(h('f1j,inJ!.lcJ\ui. ... m and Ilk tiekel" not OouJ.:htby thousand or ,~? SPt,<l1:tIOI'/'o, "n<xhef' one :1fJZ.\llllCnl~1*ljn~l h(JldiJl~ 1111.' Olrn'lfllc:~ l!'otrun u. th~)'"'Ill do tbm:I~:c 10 the ("0\ irunnk:'U or "111 n1.lke cxj"ing t."'n\"ul)f'unc,.'nt.tl pn.)blc..111~wee-e. 1.. II such ;1 J.trc!" honour II) ho.~ the Ol)tJupil-.? 29
o.

for qUe5110nS 41-50, read the text below. Use the word glVefl m G3pnals al the end of each hneto form a word that fits in the space.n the same line. Is a good hullday what J needj
(I t, two hours before (.j 1) __ tune :1I1cl I !'olill haven l "'Ct orr (ne the ,drpon, .Ilthouj(h the hck('l (12:. __
DEPAR'I
I'IFOR\I
FI.Y ''F.C[''ARY
DISAsnm
I am 'lIpp-l"I<:'<! to be: then: at lea_"one and .t half bours before du.' <.. 3) __ i.) due to takl.' ,14T. I ha\ 10,' ;11\\';1)'.\ oonsKlcl'Cdlhl ...polic}' lOI;III}C .. ,) __ and so rend to .J.rrhe :U the- .J.1I''PtK1.,' bte a ...1 can
")':<-
n1i_, hahn ot
nune was ;,lIno~1(IS) __
thc In,llinx:
I "t:1 off
for the ,lirpOtl by iratn. \'cl)'thin~ \\-:L,Jt<"ling( (6) __ and I "'35 fC'C'lin~quae 1',,-I2X c"(I, \'"tten ~ddenlr the: truin !'IIOJ"X'd and an (47) __ \\13S rnndc thnt \\C had I()(_"han~c;: Ir::lin... for \\'h~udl{'Y referred to .I....(t-R) __ ' Cl"'d"')not. 01 course thi." was anullu ... 'f '\.~r o(~) 'OJ( lhe Inun had broken OO\\'Jl and II
S)fOOTII A'INOIJNCe
Tl'C111\IQl'E
meaut
,I thdar of .1OOUI I"l\Cl1ty IninlIIC." A~ it net \\':J!'In'1enough. on (.'9) __ al the 3ltpon .. bu~ queue .It the lht."C.k-in C<M.IOlet Then: had
then: \\:1.."
ARRt\l'
TEIUlOR
been a
(~) __ bomb fhre:ll find everyone had to go lhr()\I~h :. thorough SL't-,\lnt)' check befon: fin.llly hU;,irding the pbne.
195
Communicative activities
Unit 10, ,,89: Student A

Ufo liue 'fluU ha\c :I "Iroog.loo& Itf~ hne, It rne;an<;you're hc.";Ihhy. 11:1\c lotS of encllt":too are ).:uocJ :1( ~rb. 1)(,..1'1 \\'Utl') If )our life line: i!t :thon tun!...., the top h:l1r or your Ihlllllb: If Ih,.. i.. long. it nle".an.. rou .In- qrong enough 10
O\'CR:onlC health prvblcnlS. The Illnn.: lOUt Ufc line CUf,"C-S .1")lInd lour tbwnb. the 111Ur"\: l)uli("ln~)'\)U :1K.
F:llc line
i\ :i11'01l{l. unbroken fare unc nle;1I1,\IfI:H yuu'rc self I1lutlv.ltctl aile.!havcn 101of ;1I11hlll(ll1.You're trustworthy. "l'riClU~:Ino would make :1~cMxllc:ltlcr of other people. If rOUt fa te line iN weak or bmken. it :'U~C!l>L'i th:u you Jnck Ulf'l."t.. ... fo" in life. xo flne lilK' 11'<."OU1" Ih.11 you're quile tm.... pon ..lblc: and you're h:lpP) Ie. tw-t.'.;Ik t;QO.el}'_~ rules.
Unit 12,P 103:Student II

I)rinkin~ Ik'ill~th'I'r)' ln n dream mcaue thm )ou'ec a "cry
nnlbltiuu!'l person. For the future; drinkln~ wine LUC:UlS Ih:11) uu will cxpcrtcnce happlnc ..~ nlltllUakc new (lieiH.ll'o, \"hl'I\'-;:I~ cJrinking beer lllcan!'>,11:1[ )'UII w III he "t:r~' (U,apl>olnted by somerhjng soon.
T<'Ctil
If )11'-1 dream den your I(.'t"'thare f.Jlhn" OU1.lOU re goin~ In c~JlCricnc:cbig changes In rour lifc. l)f'COlIllinJ:, thal )(Klr tecrn arc jccec means tI~t)uu'lIl'\."(.'chc hl.tJ nc.."\\'~ ..unn Clcanhl_g }Otlr teeth In ;a dr(."'0I01 "'UAAt"IS rhat you'll h:n C' In deal with :I big. StruAAlc Or c."ontlici with your f;lnlilr
I(\luuing
Running in
it
dream shows rbnr )'011fear ~onlt:thins in
your Ufe:u the moment. It I'tllj4lu he :, -uu.nlon you <.lOtf. rccl rc.-.1dr'tlr or :.oot11cthhlg fUU nre d,,-'Cplr :lfr:,ld of. As far g...the (Ulurc is concerned, runnin~ atone nu:.tn~ thal rou'll do better in your career th:an )'oor frkncJ:-; and
runnln,lt (ro,n danga means Ih~1 'o(Jffll1hhlg h3d m:ly
hJPJx:n to someone you 10\e.
196
* CommUnicatIVe activities
Unit 14. P 122:Student B
COMerlV 6.20 CartOOlt1'o
s.on S:lccllhc 'IV CNN xews 8.1 ~ C:lnuuns 9.00 1\-I0111jnl-: Val'fCI)' SIIl)\v (Ch,li. (;ashioll ~111d lOIs or
music)
Il.OO C:lrlucMl<\ 12.00 Nt:l\"$ rzns T.llk ~ho\\
13.00 l\hanu "icc - I~ ~ 1",15 nx- "uun)t3nd (he \t1kj - "SSo:Ip J 5.00 i'1.t1irt-l - PonUJt;UC< Seap
15.r-; I"up
Video ..
16.00~C"'S 16.1; Game Sho\\'

17.00 Guftright :11UK COmll - I;S \l;'cslcrn
I~.4S Cn.. 'cpshcw US rlhn 20.1; TI',c Uj):whee+ - Quiz Shew 21.00 21,30O~I V:uicl)Show
"C'\,,~
2230 TIk: Luncl, Kllk.T - tIS Film 00.1 S 'le\\~
OO.jf' ~P'ns Round I p
Unit 17, P 148: Student A
;g
197
* Communicative activities
Unit 10, P 89: Student B
Head line If rOll!' head line L'iSln'n~> you're (h.'Ci~i"c.,:1quick thinker and you're able to conccmrmc for lun~ pt:liods of time. A weak head line suggests that you lack common sense. If
Unit 8, P 71: Student B
your head line is IOIlE:, you have :1variety of uneresrs in

Jlfc. whereas II shorr head line means [hat you prefer to SrH ..~"i;llizcin one pnrttcular urea.
Heart line If YOUI' hcan linc is C1I1'Ved, it means you're \tt:1'Y

passionate and usually dominate in retatlonshtps. If your hean Iinc is straight. you are mere lsIlCI'C$ICO in Irtcndshlp than romance ;1I)dsomettmes have tliffit:\IIl)' in revealing your reeungs 1<) others. "11Csm:11Ilincl' coming off the bean line snow how 01:Ul)' llil'l:ttiOllS and love alTair!' you will have in rour life.
Unit 12, I' 103: Student A J'lying On::U'uing nbout O)'iny.:.ug.ltC;:~I!'> that
rUli want CO escape rroru something in your Iife:11 the moment, If you fall while flying. you runy have an accident ill the future. but if )'V1I wake up before hitlin}.: the J!.rtlUIHJ, you will
recowe. Sea
In general. l!n.::lluiu!! :lhOUl [he.:Se:1means lh:n )'OU'I'\:not S:l{isti(,"{1 with your life at the momeru and need te) make some changes. If YOlidream about a calm 5C:I, yO~1oli,ght begtn :t new rclllliun.:-.hip or hll!-int.:~ venture soon. On Ihe orher h:1I1d,::Idream :lbcHII:1stormy sea means thai you will have problems :It work or at borne in the near future. 1\'lone),
If you
dream ubour finding money, you'u have some dream about swauowtng IlUHle)'. you're
womcs In uie ucar future. but after that )'ou'li be very

h:lppy,IJrou
becoming scl(i:-;h.
198
* Communicative eaivities
Unit I~. P 122:Student A
7
Ol.Ul.ll<'J ()
10UU (,hl1dnn:-.prognOlOlc .;.11'ItlOI1:OO) Il,OU I)OCUIl)f'OI:lI): \Vlldtifc 13.00 Nc\v:;and Contmcm 13,;i41 (:CII,kll'Jr lnternntlcnnl cui!'oinc;
I <I,no 15 ~ 1M un 19.1~ 1900 20 00 21.(10 21.!t4.1 1~1(.'nch i!illn: (.C5Amis (with 1'luhlltlc'l) l)ocunlclll:lf): \VorltJ \VJ.t 2 (I);'ft 6)
M"riC")
."'.OU R,llIlt)I)CII.-"Clh"c.!'lo (Canadtau
'iC\\""i lIe:MIlinc:."i Cw~lc;11 Concert: 1k'-'thO\cn:,o. Nrin).; QU.tnCI!l \Ikkllrnurch (l-tiSCOricaJtir.a"'A) tko.> Vie,lC(l'"
~C\\ ... and
Comment
Frid.l) Jnlcf"\'ic\'\': l);,,,kJ Crt-p t Il.:-IU Ihe 1l1C:1l anti
\VOnl('H who make the OC'VS 22.jO Landor ihe li;IJ.!~ .. 'rue Kins uf IUI'\I:-
(l)cK;untc,llary)
2.i. iO nuervtew o(,hc Oar
ou.~o
'Iot(.'\\I'I
Unit 17. P 148:Srudent
199
* UCLESsample answer sheets

Paper 1 Reading
CAMBRIDGE
EXA~UNAnONS. CERTIFICATF;S AND DIPI.()MAS
University
of Cambridge
ENGUSHASAFOREIGNLANGUAGE
Local Examinations Syndicate International Examinati ns
99/099
I I
ForSupervisor's useonly
Shade here if li1e candidate Is
Examination Details Examination Title Centre/Candidate No. Candidate Name
9999/01 First Certificate in English
ABSENT or has WITHDRAWN
4=~
AA999/9999
A.N. EXAMPLE
Sign here if the details above are correct
Tell the Supervisor now if the details above are not correct
Candidate Answer Sheet: FCE Paper 1 Reading
Use a pencil
Mark ONE letter for each question.
ABC D E F G H I 6 c:::::Jt:)t::lt::lc:Jc:::It=:It=lc::::::l ABC D E F ~ H I 7 c=Jt::Jt:::Il:::Jc::::::lc:::Jc:::Ic::::::lt:J ABC D E F G H I 8 t:]c::J,c:::;:JC=C::SC::Sc:::lt=l1::l ABC 0 E F G H I 9 c::lc:::lc:::Jt::Jt=Jc:=:Jc:::Jc::lc:J ABC D E F G H 10 c:::::)c:::::tc:::Jc::::It:::Ic::::::lc::Jr=:IC::I
I
ABC D E F G H 21 c::::Jc::::Jt=:It:::It::'JJ::Ic:::Jc::::::1c:::::J ABC D E F G H 22 c:::::::Jc::tc::lc=:Jt::::Ic::Jc:::JC:::c:::J
ABC D E F G H I 23 c:::::Jc::Jc=Jc:::::Jc:::Jc::::lc:::le=t::::I ABC 0E F G H I 24 &:::Ic::::Jt::'lc::::lt:::lC=:Jc:::Ic:lc::l ABC 0 E F G H 25 c:::::J1=:IC=::Jc=Jc:::::Jc:::::Jc:Jc:=Ic::::::1

I
....
ABCDEFG.H I 11 -c:;::lt:lt:::Jc;:)c::::::lc:::lc::!t:::::lc:=J
Clian~leyour answerlike
ABCDEFGH I 26 ======I=l== ABC D E F G H 27 C::::;:)c::::::I~~c:::lC:=lC:=lc::::Jr:::::I

I
U\;,
-ii(
I I I I
ABCDEF G H 12 1:::Jc::Jc:=lt:::)r=2c::::tc::sc::::::lc::::::l
ABC 0 E F G H I 13 ~[:=:Jc:=tc:::Jl::lc::Ic::::Ic:::sr=::t ABC D E F G H 14 c:::Jc::=:Il==r:::;::;tc:::JC::Ic=Jc::::tt:=l ABC D E F G H 15 t=)c=Jt:::Jc:=lc::::::lt=::Jt=1c::::Jt::::J ABC D E F G H 16 t::=Ic::::t::)C=:Jc::::::lc::::Jc:::::::Jc:::::Jc::J

I I I
ABC D E F G H I 28 c:;:Ic::::;:::I~c:::::I~c::Jc::JI:=:Jc=:::J ABCDEFGH I 29 c:=It:=Ic::=Jc:::::Jc:::::Jc:::::lc:::::Jr::;Jc=l ABC D E F G H I 30 t::I!==lc::::::::;;Jc=:Jt=JI=:Jc:=Jc::::::::;;Jt=I ABC D E F G H 31 c::=lC==:tt=!c:::::J::::It::::lt=lc:::::Jc::J

I
lol~~
ABC D E F G H 1 c::::::::;;Jc::JI=:J~[=:Ic=lc::Jc::J1=:=J ABC 0 E F G H 2 t:lc:Jc=Jc:::Jc=::Jc=::Jc::::Jc::::J~ ABCDEF G H 3 r::::::::Jc::::::::Jr::::::::J~~z:::;:::jc=lE:::::Jc:::J 4
C=:I ~
ABC D E F G H I 17 c=J~c:lc::::::a[=tI:::Jt=;Jc:;:rt:;;;l ABC D E F G H I 18 c=lc:::Jc::::::Jt=:::lc=:::3t::::::lc:::::::lc:::::Jc::::J ABC 0 E F G H 19 t:::Jt=:Ic=JE=:Jc::::JC=:Jt:::::1c=::::Jt=:t ABC D E F G H 20 c::::::Jc:::::Jt:::::::J:::::lc::l[:=:J~~c:::::J

I I
ABC D E F G H I 32 t=::Jc::::lc:=J~c:::Jc=Jc=lc::=Jc:::::l ABC D E F G H I 33 c::::::::;;Jc=)c:=..I::Jt=lt:=lc:::=lt::::rc::=l ABC D E F G H I 34 ~c::::::Jc=:::!E::::lc::::::tc::::::::;;J~c:::::JC:=J ABC D E F G H I 35 c=ic:::lc:::Jt:::::::It::::::I~t::It=:lt=l
ABC
c::::::::J c:=J t=I- ~
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ABC D E F G H 5 c::::::Jc:::::Jc:::::Jc:::::Jt:=lI=::Jc:::::Jc=lt:::l
l_FC-E--l------------------------------------------------------------------D-~--9-~--99
201
r: I~ S~~!!~!!?5!~
ENGllSHASAFORmGNLANGUAGE For Supervisor's use only
Shade here ij the candidate is
Paper 3 Use of English
University
of Cambridge
Local Examinations Syndicate International Exnminati s
Examination Details Examination Title Centre/Candidate No. Candidate Name
9999/03
First Certificate in English
99/099
ABSENT or hasWITHDRAWN
4=>._J
AA999/9999
A.N. EXAMPLE
Sign here If tho details above are correct
Tell the Supervisor now If the details above are not correct
Candidate Answer Sheet: FCE Paper 3 Use of English Use a pencil

For
Part1: Mark ONE letter for each question.
For example, if you think C is the "'--r--~II right answer to the question, mark your answer sheet like this: l---'-
---l
Part1 1 2
3
Part2
8 8 C C C C
c:::::o
Do not wrlle here
=1 ...
=> => =
A A
16
17
II
c:::::o c:::::o
=
A => A c:::::o A
c:::::o
=
c:::::o
=
c:::::o
=
8 8
=
=
11
II
18 19 20 21
22 23
=
c:::::o =>
4 5 6
7
= = =
C 0
0=
=
=
.0
20
= = = = 8 C 0 A = =
0=
~. =
~
:0;1
c::::.
=
A A c:::::o A c:::::o A c:::::o A A
=
8 8
=
C C
0 0 0
8
9
= = =
10 11 12
= = = 8 C 0 = = = 8 C 0 = = =
8 8
24 25 26
27
= = = = = =
2'
2S
:HI
=
c=
= =
= =
8
=
C
=
0
13 =
= c:::::o = 8 C 0 = = =
<=
28 29
30
= = = = = = = = =
21
28 1!9 30
Turn over for Parts
3-5
...
202
'I
Part3
I.
~
31 32 33 34 35 36 37
31
<=
<=
1 <=
<=
=
<= <=
2 2 2 2
'120 330
<= <=
<= <=
1 <=
<=
3'10 350
=
<= <=
<= 1 <= 1 <=

1
<=I
2 2
360
37
<=
<=I
=
<=
<=
<=I
2 2 2
38 39 40
380 3$0
.0
<= <=
<=
<=
Part4
41
Do not write here

<=I
Part5 56
57
00 not write here

60
42
43
.,
4l
<=I
<=
<=
<=I
<=I
<= <= <=
57 60
5G
=
<=
<=
<=I
44 45
<= <= <= <= <= <=
.. = =
'7
48
58 59 60
61
46
47 ~
.~ .. =
<= <=
= =
<=
<=
00
8
<= <= <=

<= <= <=
62
63
S2
113
48
49
'9
=
<=I
64
65
... <=
<=
&S
50
51
<=
<=I
se
S.
<= <= <= <=
52
~
52
<=
53
=
<=
S3
54
55
54
ss
[203

Paper 4 Listening
CAMBRIDGE
EXAMINAnONS.
CEA11F1CATES ANO DIPLO~lAS
:' ,
,
ENGUSHASA
' ': ..:""
FOREIGN LANGUAGE
I ,,,:-,:/:,,,,,'" :",:'}' ,~:, ':,' :',' ':'~':~: ,-,';' .' ':"::-:...~':";,"",:::::: h?~~~:~~r
Local Examinations Syndicate International Exa minattons
..;1
"~
University
of Cambridge
.
...
':_'.:
+ ::::;..
,~;:
.
" t.,
For Supervisor's use only

Shadehere ,I thecandidate Is ABSENT or has WITHDRAWN
ExamInation Details examInation Title Centre/Candidate No. Candidate Name
9999/04 First Certificate in English AA999/9999 A,N. EXAMPLE
99/D9 9
----
4=+J
Sign here ilthe details above are correct
Tell the Supervisor now if the details above are not correct
Candidate Answer Sheet: FCE Paper 4 Listening

Mark test version below ABC = =
Part 1
E
Part 2
c::::a
Dono' write here c::::a

.0
= = =
c::::a c::::a
A A A A
B B
=
c::::a
2 3
=
c::::a c::::a
C C C C C
10 11 12 13 14 15 16
17
Use a pencil
For Parts 1 and 3: Mark ONE letter for each question,
=
c::::a
B B
= =
<=>
=
c::::a
" <=>
.:
'3
c::::a
5 6 7 8
= =
= =
A A B B
=
=
c::::a
<=>
= =
<=> <=>
'$ .8
=
<=>
= =
=
A
c::::a
c::::a
=
<=>
17
18
=
Part 4
E
F
'8
0;::::1
Part 3
19 20
For Parts 2 and 4: Write your answers in the spaces next to the numbers like this:
Do not write here
21 22 23
= = = = C A B D E F = = = = A B C D E F = = = = = = A 8 C D E F = = = = A 8 C D E F = = = = c::::a =
0;::::1
24 25 26 27
=
=
<=>
2'
0;::::1
<=>
<=>
25
26
c::::a
= =
21
0;::::1
'=
=>
28
29 30
= = = = = =
29 30
28
. .-------------------------------------------------------------------------0P999J99 FCE4
-------204
, Grammar review
1 Adjectives
1 Modifying adjectives 2 Cornperative and superlative 3 Adjective order 4 Adjectives <'nding in -ed and -rng 5 Cornpou nd adjectives adjectives
fl
13 Nouns
Collective 2 Countable nouns
& uncountable
nouns
14 The passive 15
Past tenses
Past simple
2 Articles 3 Conditionals
4 Describing a sequence of events
2 Past continuous 3 Past perfect simple 4 Past perfect continuous
16
5 Either ... or, both ... and, neither ... nor, not
only ... but also 17 18
Prepositions Present perfect Present tenses

Present Simple 2 Present conun
L10US
6 Ellipsis 7 Expressing wishes and regrets 8 Future forms

1 Futlll'c Simple
2 Going to
19
Questions and question Relative clauses Reported speech
tags
20 21
3 Present continuous
4 Present Simple
5 Future continuous 6 Future perfect simple 7 Future perfect continuous
22 Verbs
1 Stative and dynarnic verbs
2 Causative verbs
9 Gerunds (-ing forms)
10 Inversion 11 Linking and contrasting

12 Modal verbs
ideas
3 Used to/would + Infinitive 4 Be/get used to + -ing 5 Verbs followed by infinitive (vvith/vvitnout
-ing form (gerund)
to) or
23
Word formation
205
* Grammar review
1 Adjectives
1.1 Modifying adjectives (Unit 2)
You use modifiers to increase or reduce the strength of grudcahlc adlectivcs. Grade.rblc udiectivcs express qualities which exist in different strengths. cg tall, rlirl)'. CflI!!.')'. l lerc are some modifiers arranged roughly from \\ eak to strong: a hit(r({ir~l' ,/"(/therlprc!lfJ' -) really/rer ext remely/incred tbly 'flhol/p,IIt t/iejilm
Two or more syllable adjectives

1I1111'l!, most + adjccli\ e
1/'01/ de rfu!
II(JIIC'SI
firing
more U'()/ /( teIfill more hottest II/()I'e 1 iring
most irondeifu! II/(ISI honest

IIIOSIIirillg
Irregular adjectives
good
bad
better
lI'OI'SC!
best
1l'(lIYI
uxts rec"~)1 goo. ' 'Did YOII!' J though! il
II 'as preIZ)' "()rill,~. Sue cau he (/ IJiI (11111(~I'illg sometimes. but gelle/"{//~I' Iter. 1'11/ tucredtbtv excited (/hOIlI (IIII' Ilolid(/y' You can mnkc cornpanulv
l'
l lils:
little far old NOles 1
less further elder
least furthest eldest /pcoplc only)
udjcctivex stronger by w.,ing
'OU Gill form 1>(lJllt' two-syllable alij!!('1 lvcs using euhcr -er-est or II/(l/'()//I/()SI, l'g shallott: gel/lIe, clcrer. fired,
uutch and (/ lilt.

,I~)J
brother
IS
much ilion' arustic tltan I filii.

ucljcctivcs \\ enkcr by usrng a "it
1,\11 tit?
1 Nonce- the \\':1) you u-e prepositions \\ irh superlatives. \\ ith places,you LTSl' ill and \\ irh people and thingl>, you
llSl..'
You can make comparative :1I1d CI Ititle.
(/I'
The treattu-r Is (I bit colder tlutn yesterday.
She is llt clerercs! P.lrI itt tho doss, l k: is tltc shortest of tltefour /)(I.l'S,
Spoken English
In spoken l~ngli:;ll, 611Jil, (/ ltttl.
1,3 Adjective order (Unit 9) prettv

:lnd 11'(//~l'an.: W'ltl'n you usc mon- Illan one adjvt'l ivc before :t noun, you have to pUI them in ,I certain orde-r. ThL' ruk-s urc complicnted but here- is the 1110:-.1 uxun] order, opuuon
(/(I/,l'~)', nice.
p:rr'liC'ularly
('01111ll011,
1,2 Comparative and superlative adjectives (Unit 6)

I kl'l.: urc snme of (he basit' rules for formirlg comparativeand xupcrl.uive ndjcctivcs.
/Juri/I,f..!,)
1 sizt \\ L'ight ClIII,f..!,(',lillY, I(o,ltn
t aucient,
I
,FOII/IR,
htrtnd-uetn)
sh:IJ)l'
(/'(1111/(/,
IOI/R, triangular)
One-syllable adjectives :lcljl;'(.'l ivc + -( (,)If ((' )sl

ItII'U(:'
hard I(//~er harder
'; colour
(1 origin 7 material
(.'In:)', hlue, trhtte)
t Gemutu,
::')}(/lIisll, (,'reek)
[ast
faster
Im'P,c's/ ltardes! [astest
(plllStiC, /(It/II'I!!', sIIJIlC')
tstndent book. can opener. I/t((/Idll,l!. hIlIJI,~) 1,~(/lI'some IOl'e~I', (lid, j!.uld earrings ill ajetrellcr'syosterdnv She'sjust IXJ/lRllt (/ I}/'{///{I-/I(!u', red. sports car. All archaeologis! I/(/,~ rc>eelll()' discorcred {I collection fll ancient Greek, J!,o/dco ills near Tltossalonllet. Note You u-ually don't list' more than three adjective lx-lorc a noun,
One-syllable adjectives ending in a vowel and a single consonant udjecrlve(double final consonant) + -(I/' -est
III in
thin ner
IJ;'!{fJ,er
thinnest
In,~est
1/'(' If es I
bi,f{
tue!
tuetter
Spoken English
In spoken English WI: rarely lise mort: than lWO adjectives
Two-syllable adjectives ending in J'

adjecti\ c.: (tirop rhe y) + -ier -iest
before a noun, In \\ riling we might say:

fl}ollp,hl
011
tidy
flappy pretly
lIelier
happie/, wetNer
I idiest
e.\pc'lIsiL'e. black. 1('(/lllerjuckel

[0
Oil
Sallmlav.
1'(ljJpiest jJI'I.:fIiest
In speaking, we arc:? more.: likely

j bOl/ght (,/ blllCk, leallterj(lcket e\1)ellsil'e,'
;,:ry: SOlll/day, II wtlS rcally
()I/
206
*
1.4 Adjectives ending in oed and
Grammar review
-inq (Unit 9)
Manyadjeetives formed from the past participle C-ed) (eg annoyed. disappointed. interested. worried) describe a feeling or H slate. He nws l'(lIJ'ji'~l!,htE'lled f~l' the experience. '(/11/ s!lOcleetl~I' your attitude.
1\,1,111)' adjectives formed from the present participle l-ing) leg cIJ/l/lSi11,~, exciting, surprising, terrtfyiug) describe the lilillg. experience or person which produces the feeling.
with certain geographical/place names (the Alps, the .:11(!riitermlleall, tire Nile, the United Kingdom),
Have you eoer been 10 the United Slates ofAmerica? with geographical
COIINtl]'>.
areas (the seaside, the north. the
l.{fo! in the city is so stressful compared to life ill th "GOIlT/tlY.

with certain public places Ulte theatre. tlte cinema, tlte
bank. the
post office" tlte llbraty).
Toe P.ot to go to the pos: office laler- do you need anytliing?'
tt uias a ueryf"~Jf.lltellillg
YOIli' attitude Is shocking,
experience.
The Indefmite article (a/till.) You use a/au when you talk about something for the first time. He took a gun out a/ltis poc/:!el,IIU'((S the one he'd used in the I(lSI /"0/)"01)1, whh jobs.
ill
1.5Compound adjectives (Unit 10)

Compoundadjectives me made up of two parts. The second p:1J'1 can be:
1)(ll'lt participle
i.suntau ned, old-fashtoned.
outspoken).
flrlfl/llno!.'.\' llelY relaxed aud SlllltCIIIIWr( after /ler/lOli(/.a), Spr.till.

,I
My uvfe is a doctor
are /I
(I' the local hospital.

00('
when you talk about
tldog in
general way. (YOu

1I1C1/..1(! y011
presentparticiplo \e(,I,':I'-g()ill,~. /WI'c/-U)()I'/..lilig. olltgoing).
l'oll hare to haue au fllltg()illg l.)el~'()II(tli(J' {/YOIl tuant to be a
not referring to a pa rticula I' one.) teacher CCIII only help YOII learn: she can't
U'OII
learn
Sf/cC&s~/itlsalespotso.
~t preposlrion (br(lkc/il-doll'II, {{l>r.frlllli~)I L~!J(n:J!lI'ell-(dl'ullt!
with Ilu: numbers WO, 1000, J (lOO(JOO. lI'ell-Qir troru-out). 1/1'(>$ /11 a
ICfI"g('
,11~J'netghbourhasjust in &I
a nntttou ponuds
01/
the Lottery!
house
smar!
:;1/1)111'(',
The zero article (no article)

Y ou don't
lIS(.' ~ln
Compound :<Jdj('Clivl::s ~II(.' usually written with H hyphen, bUI some can he written as 011e:word. There lire no dear rules lor wrillng 1111.::111, If in doubt. look LhC:11l Lip in :1 dictionary.
article:
with abstract nouns (used in Ihdr general sense), plural nouns and uncountable nouns (pe<lple,love, [rult. heel'. pollticianst , MOlley
2 Articles (Unit 4)
1krl' lire some of the basic rules for using articles in English.
does not hrillg happtness. Corrupt polttictans eirerulning (ill I" country.
with most geographical/place names.
The defmite a.... ticle (the)

You usc lite. when you talk about something that has been mentioned before,
't saui a WOIJICIII sltoutlugforttelp, uoma [(.1'011 san: Iter again?
A'~J1 facou rite cit)' in the world is N(!/{' 'r'ork,
with certain places tinct situarions (/1O,')/JilClf, home. holkiay. u:(Jrk,school). III/WI are YOII doing at uorls 11J(!se days? Tusually go 10 school by bike.
. 'lY/ouldyOli recognize the
Note
10 the sentences below. the lise of the definite article refers 10 the place as a building, whereas rhe lise of no article emphasizes the function of [he place.
Withsomething that both the speaker and listener know about. 'Whal uas thefihn like yesterday?' 'Pretty dull, actually. ' with something there is only one of (the Parthenon, MOOIl,tile Kt IIg, the Presiden t).
"m{ooki17g/orUJtlrd to seeing lire Pyramids
the
t gu to the school at about a quarterpastfour 10 pid them up. ;l'~)' children are Cit schoolfront nine 10lour 0 dock. The officiat home ofthe Brttish prime minister is 10 Douniing
Street.
The prime minister often doesn't gel horne until
WI]'
when Ire visit
T;.gypl. wirh superlative adjectives. Today is Ihe lictppiesl day
late cu
night.
I[(e.
f?/ Ill)'
207
* Grammar review
3 Conditionals
(Units 16 & 19)
You lISC conditionals [0 talk about situations (either real or Imaginary) and the probable results or consequences of these situauons. Conditionals are made lip of lWO clauses: the !/<:h)lIse and the main clause. When rhe ifdallse begins the sentence. you must use a comma between the clauses.
(/'I u.ere taller. I'd be much more confident. tf taxes 11'(.>111 lip. ourfirm trouk! be il111V1Ible.
in the expression
[(1 uere .1'0/1. I'd ...
[0 give advice,
If I wereyou. t'd .'ill/ely harder.
Spoken English
In speaking we can either liSt' Ift uiere ... or in writing \YC always lise tfI uvre ....
ffr could. I'd retire tomorrow. ra retire I()/IIorrUII' if I could.

Zero conditional Porrn
tfI uias
... , but
Third conditional Form

{{ + past perfect, + tcottld IIlII'e + past participle Usc
You USi.: the third conditional to speculate about pos"ibk siruations in the past" hich didn't happen. \I"e trottld hare C(III,(!,1l1llte plan if ue d hurried.
i/ +
Use
prcxcnt. + present/imperative
You use Ihl' zero conditional: 10 1:11".rhout something ihru JSal\\":I):'> or usually true (~I Cat'l. hahil or routine). if means the S~IIl1~> a... (dum in this case, (/ I ("(/1/'1.. ~I'('I),I drinle {/ cup (!f hot milt: (/.lYIII mi O,\)'g('11 (/I/(III.l'timp,(!I/, r()// malee trater. 10 give instructions or strong at" icc.
!.f YOII d CIILSll'eI'(!d thefirs) question,

hotter mares.
.1'011trould
hare
gul
Mixedconditional
toutorrou:
C/o 10 th doctor': ({YOII dou
'I/<'d l;e/lc!,./~l'
/)rlck lator.
form
tf ~ past perfeu. + trould + infinlrivc Use
You usc thi-. combination 01 :1 s<"("ond and third condluonal when YOIi want to connect :1 pos:'>ihk past event with the present or future ...
t{ Slict! calls. tell her
10 plunto
Firs! conditional Form

i{ + present. + trill + Infinlt ive Usc
You usc the firsl conditional. 10 l:tlk ubou: a likely si11l:1I10n and its probable the future. result in
tft'd married.lImy, f tnutk! he Iwppy

SlIewould coming 10 lite IIwldlllg broken liP u-ith her ho.J!lrielld.
/)I?
IIOIL'.
if she ttadnt
.i"SI
Notes J You can lise other moclul verbs in the main clause instead of trill tronld. tfu: ro going to inutte j011l1 and \ {(I/)" we should 11I1'i1(' Tom aSlcell Ifthe traffic ltadn I been so bad, we could IICI[,e'arrired (II
VOI/'I/catcttyonrfltgh! i(yuI/IIIII'IY. l] II doesu '1mill, 11'(,'// /!,Oout for (/ walk.

to give advice, threats and warnings and ro make promise:'>.
I'll II it ),011 tfyon do that again, tfyon clean IIIC' carfor me. J'II gil'(!.1'0Il./iJ'e pounds.
the airport
2 You
<'::10
ill
time for ourfltght

words instead of
Second conditional
I~O"Ol
lise other linking
if:
tilly
unless (= if ... /101) Unless youfinish yo IIr rogetables,.1'01/ won 'Igel
dessert,
i/ + past.
Use
+ ioould + infinitive
as long as and procided (that). These both emphasize the condition that has 10 be met. trrorided (/1/(/1) is more formal. Pml'ideel that/As long as you usorlshard. YOII'I/ succeed ill
life.
You lise the second conduionnl-
ro talk about an unlikely or imaginary siruation and ib result.
208
* Grammar review
4 Describing a sequence of events (Unit 21)
You use lenses and a time expression (when. until, after. before, as SOOIl as, once. the moment etc) to describe a sequence or events. When you talk about the past, you LIse the lime expression + past simple or past perfect simple, The past perfect simple emphasizes that one action was completed before the other. 177& montent I
SC/l.1' Ililll,
You use neither alone to mean 'not one or the other'. 'Is lie going to Italy or Spainfor goillg to Prance. ' You use both alone Do
YOII (0
his holidays?'
'Neither. He's
mean'one and the other',
like classical music or pop music? 7 [ike both.'
lfell l'elY neroous.
2 When you agree with a negative idea. you usc neither + modal/auxiliary + subject. 'j CClII't drice .. 'Neither can L .
After 1had IC:!/I nniuerstty. l trarelled round the tcorld,

\~/hcn you talk about the future, you usc the time expression + present simple or present perfect simple. The present perfect simple emphasizes that C)l1L' action has to be completed before the second action CHn take place,
As
SOO/l
Spoken English
When neither ... nor is used with two singular subjects, till' verb is singular. In informal spoken English we sorncumcs usc the verb in the plural. Neither Shella norjames lilees coke, 'Neitlier Shelkt lIur}(IIIU:15 like cake .'
as I got home. 1'/1 cCIIIYOII,

111(/ tlli{/
l,(lliell you IIt11'(!lICIt! your lunch.
start work.
5 Either
not only
or, both ... and, neither ... nor, but also (Unit 10)
01'
6 Ellipsis (Unit 14)

You can leave out words when il is not necessary to repeat them for the meaning to be clear, and in other sltuutlons where you can understand the meaning without using the words. This is called ellipsis. You usc ellipsis: in short tag answersbeginning with so. neither. nor, 'I dtdu': see AIIII. ' 'Neitherdid I.. Tre /'i"Uecl NOllie.. 'So hare I. ' 'l trouldn ~like to be here 01/ my oun .'
You LlSC either .. , possibilities.

1'117 1101
to calk about a choice between two either tontorrou: or nou: or uiatch teleeisiou,
sure iohen
Ilu'.)I lI'il/j1l1isl/:
Sat II 1'(/(1)" YOII (;6111 ettlu-r dovour hometrorh
You use both ... aile! W join two ideas, You usuallv use (he same kind of word (noun. verb, adiecrive ere) in both parts
of the sentence,
'/V(}}'
uouk! I. '
I te speaks
b0111
CI/iIlG'S(/ (,{lltI/C1pf/1I(JSe.
are crlillill!?, 10 file pClrZ)I,
1701'.
(IfWI' an HlIXiH~IIY or a 1110<1,11, You ('<111 k-ave OUL 111.<.: verb phrase. If there is no auxiliary, you use clo/dues/diel, Pete enjoyed thefilm but I didn't. (~/;/I/I didu '/ f:!1(/OY tlte
B()(h Debra
audjolu,
fihn.)
Sarah and Luke ore coiuing 10theparly, /),,1Mall isn I, Stuart C(/II'I swim. bllt his sister CCIN. in short reply questions. You use a positive question alter
a positive statement and R negative question after a negarlve
The opposite is neither:

II's 11I:Ji/lwl' interesting
Slte speaks neither frellclt nor ttaltan.

uoruseful.
You Lise 1/01 ()I/~)' quite formal.
.,.
but also LO add new Informarion. lt is
sraternent.
'They pIa)' tennis nearly euelJ' day, . '1.)0they?'
lle ItO! oni;}'turites poetry, but also COli/poses music. Site speaks 1101 Oll(l' ClliIIG'Se, bill also [apaneso and Korean.
You can use not OI7~J' at the beginning of
II sentence for emphasis, When you do this, the word order changes (see Inversion on p 211) and you can leave out but,
'He hasn
t seen thatfilm. ' Hasu't hei"
in short answers, '25. ' 'Haue .1'011 seen that film?' 'Not yet, '
'[JOII' old Is lie?'
NOI 0111;1'am he speak Russian. he CUll also speak Llungarian. NOLOrl(JI did sheforget to do her ltontetrorle. she alsoforgot to apologize,
Notes
-I either, neither, both
in sentences where the verb would be repeated in the infinitive form. You can leave OLiL the infinitive and you use 10. rue neoerlteard him sing, bill ref like 10, f neter P/cl])basketball now. but J used to,
You use either alone to mean 'I don't mind which one.' Do you /,11(//1111,(1 listen 10 music 01' watch TV?' Bither ..
209
* Grammar review
7 Expressing wishes and regrets (Unit 22)
You em lise wish or [/()//~}' + could 01' pasr simplv/coruinuous 10 talk about something you would like lO IX' different. but can't change. if nll~I' is stronger than 1I'lsll. I IIlis!1 r({ studied ltarderat SdIOOI, !/(J1I~1'Tcould speal: Hl/gljsll.flllel7/~)'! To talk about something usc:
lI'isll
to make predictions based knowledge.
OJ1 present
evidence or
Look
(It
those clouds - it's goillg 10mill!
[0 talk about a decision or plan about the future that was made before the time of speaking,
l'm going to go
10 Greece for III)'
holidays this year,
you regret in
1111:
past, you call
8.3 Present continuous

UI>t' rill' present continuous to talk about future arrangements and plans (particularly \\ hen the time and place have lx-cn arranged).
or (/
()Il~)'
+ pal>t perfect
/1'('
You
Sf/II
J I/'iS!1 tre had b(lllp,hllhm sofa
ill the sales.
should Iiare + pasl pnrtlciplc Slwsl/o/lld ttai tot 111111 lite trutlt befor hcfotu! htmsol]. outfor
I'm leaoim;
(/1 siv
Oil
11JC!./ir~1 j1~!,IJII(J Milm/,
Note Goill/.: In and Ihe present continuous ha \ t' a similar future meaning. hUI ,!,IJill,!, 10 emphasizes the Itle:1 that .1 decision has been made, \\ hcreas the present coni inuous cmph:ll>izl'!> that somethtng h:l:-> been arranged. Compare: my ltair cut tltis 1I'C:(J/..!' (T'VI,: made :1 huvc my hair nit. T 11I:IYor l11<1y not huve 11I:lde an appolntnu-ru at the hairdresscr's.) "111 I/{I/'illp, mv lmir cut this 1I'C'('k. (I've made an appoinunern :11 rhv hairdresser's.)
/'111 gOIl/.!, 1(1 //{Il'('
8 Future forms (Units 15 & 18)

In English you can tall .. about future time- Iising :r number 01 dilkrl'llt forms. dqwnding on meaning. l k-rc is :l summary or lilt' IIHlSL (.:0111111011 W:IY~ of talking ahou: lilt' future.
decision
10
8,1 Future simple

Form sllrlll/Illil/ + infin it i\ e Usc
You usc the future simplc-.
8.4 Present simple

You lise the present simple to mlk uhout urncmblcd Or' fha'<.! events in the fururc-, Ihal arc usunlly beyond Ihl: speaker's COntrol.
to talk about luuuv Iacts.

'tomorron:
The train leares III fire minutes

ofourltoliday.
tuill he
111<, IW;I d(~J'
to make prcdlctionx.
8.5 Future continuous

J(JI'
1111.>,
r 111i1l/~III(!
ext/III
11,11/1)('too difficult
Form
shall/trlll + be + present parucipkUse
You usc the future
("Ol1tinUOU:> 10
to talk about :1 decision about 1111,: future that is rnudc at thL' time of speaking. 'Lucy.
/I'I.!
lI(wl
SOIlIC'
IIII/k, . OK. I'll ,!~O 10 the shop after IJ/IS
pmgrtlll1l1/C!
is UI'(:'r.'
inlk about: rime
to offer, request or promise something.

I'III/elp YOII carrv your b(/,~s, r pronris Ftl nv Itarder uex! time.
actions or events that In the tutu rc,
will
be in progress at a ~pedfic
/'111 afraid J call" come 10 your IJ(;(I'/JecfI(? I'll hePFIllg In Boston that (!/IC?/'l/(}O//, predicted developments in the future. v;re'llall he usim; the tnternet ill tenyears' lillie, something that will definitely happen in the future, either because it is already planned or because it is part ofa normal routine, Today tre'Il be looking. {(J the past simple and be doing some u.orl: 011 phrasal rerbs.
IOIllOtTOll'
8.2 Going to
Form is/are + going to + inflnitivc
Use
You use going 10:
tre'll
210
* Grammar review
8.6 Future perfect simple Form
shall/null + hare + past participle Use
You lise the future perfect simple 10 talk about actions or events that will he finished before- a certain lime ill the future. You otu-n use it with by. restrictive
OIl~I'
expressions
beginning
with
OIl~)J (1)Il~1'
uhen,
if. Ol/~I' ~l').
\Vht'n you LIse inversion, you use thl' same word order as in a question: ncgative/rcstricrive expression + auxiliary + subject + verb,
Seldom did he leace lite house after tlt accident, Serer /)(,;;11,(, hare I met such (/n iuterest iIIg person. 0111)'I~)' working hard lI'iII YOII succeed. than in sentences heglnning sooner. ttardty had t left tlu: house trheu t rcaltzed IllCIdJiJl],!(llIell somethiug ,Vo SOWleI' ltad hefinisltod ltls firs! SOli.!!. than (lie croux! starte! 10 UOO,
NOlI.' when you lIS(" 11'11(:'11 and
1'1/haue II/rillell tlte repon bv
10l/lWTOlC
monting.
with
I/(If'//~)'
and
110
8.7 Future perfect continuous

Form
shalt/uut! Usc
You use the future j)l'rf\.(1 continuous 10 t.ilk about continuous .rction in 1111: future thai will Mill be in progress hy n certain tlrn ill Ihl;' luturc, 1.1 emphasizes the length of lillK' of the uciion and is ollcn used wirh for. HI' this lillie 11('\'1 yC'or l'l! luu been !i!'iIIR
.l'C'OI~.
I IICII'C'
been + prcseru participle
11 linking
and contrasting
ideas (Unit 21)

hy using:
YOII can (,'011111ISIilk:l ... in one sen It'rlc.'l'
but
herefor urentv
r t{,dl/ I,qn 10 11u> partv
hili
MtII~)11/
did.
III lin "I.!e,' trorlzi JlR tltcre. bill / (11111 I

(/Ifl/(}II,QII. (//(111.1./,11, ('l'l.!llllwlI.I.I.II, 'I ()U U:;\" these at till' beginning or in till.' middle a :-'l'11IL'n('\.:. You U1'('" ('IIUII ,hollR" to l'OI1l", ...1 the ideas more srrongly.
I~)'/('11() c/o,!.' tlt hare /W(,II iraittut; herejill' orer (If' hour
or
9 Gerunds (-ing forms) (Unit 20)

Gerunds are noun formed from verbs You adding -i1l8
10
Conn
them b)
AllluIIIRIt ho jell ill, Ill' 11'(,111 /0 lI'OI'/.! I te doosn 'I drire. ('1'('11 tltongl, lie litis p(ls,,'ed Iris dl'll'/IIf.!, test.
IlK' inlinhivc. You use the gl'fllnd:
as Ihe Slli>jCCI or svntcnrvx.

1'~)'ill/:!. W(/S
:IS
hisfarouri:
ltobhv
despite, ill spite (//: I Iw.... c words :1I'l' prcposir ions so ylltl mU,,1 lI .... \;I noun or an illg lorm arlel' 111~ln. You LIM' tlte fact that to introduce :1 clause, Desptte thefact /17mthev arrtred /(lIC' 111('),(,lli(~l'ed II/(' concert 'J71C'1'trent /0 (he beach in spite q/II/(' h(frl tooatlter.
w/ter(/(fs, uihi! \\"Ilile Stephen rC'(II~I'C'II/Ol'S ttstenim; 10 music, his brother co 1/ '( s(a lid it. fenuk: IUI',,::,lido,!!, ill tti city. uihereas ltorhusbanrl troulr! pn:fer CI1I0me ill the COlintry.
the ()bj~'( I of sentences.
I're ahrays l'1~i(~)'c'cI.~CliliIlP" :If'ter certain verbs and \ erh phrases. (Sl'l' till' list 011 P 222,> / couldn't flell) nottcing .1'(111 uvr pale. after preposh ions and cornhlnntions preposition nnel verb + prcposltlon. or adjl.:<..'live+
Sintcn:
Oil (trril'illf!, III the airpon. go straight to the transfer desk. I'm interested ill learning /I/OI'(.' about this subject /'/7/ thinising. I!f I'isilill.~ Rome J/{>:I,'I month,
You can contrast i(lI.-as in two .... crucnccs by using:

1I0/l('/,('/'. neuertheless. You lise hon-orer at the beginning or at the end of a sentence. You u:-.t: 1I('/'C'r(lleless only :IL Lhe beginning of Lhe Sentt'nt'l', Nel'erl/tele.'\" is more fOl'ln;tI. Fce J/erel' been 10 CaJ/ada. l-JUlL'elJer, I'd like /0 go Ihel'e olle
10 Inversion
(Unit 22)
day.
'l71e
You uSe invl;'r:-.ion in foomll English, t!sp<"c':iaJlyformal \vrinen English. for (:mphasis. You USe im'l..'rsion af[er: n<.::gaLivc or restrictive adverhs or clauses (1/('1'(11: salrcel),. rarely. seldom. hl7ld~I' lJI'er. //01 IIlltil. no SOOIl('r, 1I0wlrere. /llIder 110 eirCl/llls/a /lees).
SI(~l.r ;11 my COII/P(II/.!'
d0/1'1 get l)(fid/or
l\l!t'el'llw/t'ss, il is CCllllllfolllor
ol'erfilll(!. elllplo)'I.!C>.' Iu work {fjier/in:
oclock.
01/ Ille oflrer halld
He didJ/'f lI'ant /v go 10 lire ciJ/emtllt'iflt hisjiiellds. a/Iter It(/Ild. he didll', lI'elll( to Sftly (/I I,ollle.
011 II,e
277
Grammar review
12 Modals
12,1 Obligation and necessity (must, have to, need) (Unit 17)
Must
You use must + infinitive for strong obligations which express the authority of the speaker, ) ou use j[ for: rules or laws.
)'01/ 17/ ust
You use don't need to + infinitive or needn't + infinitive to talk about a lack of obligation or necessity,
}Oll
don '( need to/needn't 1)//)'a sleeping bag/or
the holiday,
f trttl leud .1'011 one,
You LIse needn't hare + past participle to talk about an action in the past that was unnecessary,
We
needn't /tal'!arrtred
01 lite
airport so early. Ire still ltad
10 queue for 111I'(.'e hours. You use didn ( need 10 + infinitive to talk about all action in the past that \\,~IS unnecessary, without saying whether the person dicl it or not.
p,il'e ill yo II I' ltomctrorl by Friday,

Of"
for advice
recorumendatlons.
('I
von /III/S( (c(/.!(! yo III' merlictne to get betterfortlte treelecnrt,
'elY three
1101II'S
!/YOIl trant
He didll ~ need
If) jil! f II the fonn,
for obi igat it IIIH or i1vct's:iit ies ilun Ihe spe a ker imposes on him or herself
I IIIIISI.v,('1"p C'a/'~I'tuntornn!: so I don't

YOLI LIS!..: /lIIISIII'IIO
"II:~S myflight.
YOLI
12,2 Certainty and speculation (must, may, might, could, can't) (Unit 19)
You lise
11111$(
talk about something

to u'orls.
arc not
or
CCIII
'I + infinitive
10
say you are fairly
allowed
to do, or somcrhing
tluu is inadvisable.
11''11ellollJ!,!t
YOII IIIIIS(II'III'(!a/'j(,fllls )'011 JllIISIII'1,~CJ (l1I(
!/ 1'(III're 1101feetiuu
Note
You can only usc nnts! and 11II1,~/I"(10 talk about the present .md future. You usc luu! to 10 talk about the past.
certain about something: you han: some evidence to reach this conclusion, You usc must 10 indicate 'positive' certainty <you .Ire sure something b true) .ind CCI/I'I LO indicate 'neg.uivv certainty (roll an: sure something is nOI true), You tin nOI uxc- mustn't or CfIIl 10 talk ;lbOUI certainty. II III11s1befirC' o'ciocts. <'1'('/:1'011(' 1$ beginning 10 teaue. (People usually leave .11 Ih e: they're leaving now, and therefore I conclude ih:u it'" lin' o'clock.)
Ilaoe
1'011
10
I/(//,('
+ infinitive for strong obligations that express the authority of a third person, rather than the use
1(1
She 1II11S1 be terrtbly II/II/(/P/~), That can't be Keith, lie said he couldu
) Ott
'I come
;1
today.
usc 111m', /JUglll or coutd when you

is possible.
rc specularing that
speaker.
I hCII'e 10 trorle lnt 1()lIiJ!,hl VOII 11(1/'(> 10go C(J/lI/)(fJlY rille.
something
because
III)'
boss is (IlI'CJ)" hi the
outstde
((YOII 1I'(IIIII() SIIIOAU!- that
I don't k'UlIl' Il'Ilere lie I,~;lte lIIiR"1 be Ollila lnnch, I'm not S/I/'{.'tohoso pe this is hili it could be Teresa S, You use
:1 modal Of'
You
(Y(")lI
L11i<:
dOli 't ltar III to rnlk ahout 1I lad. of obligation. can also usc II('NIII'I and clnu't needto, s('(..'below), tne upfnnu lite S{fIItou - "1/ gel a taxi.
ccrtalruy
+ hare + pasr purrlciple speculate about the past.
[0
express
} 011 don 't har lu j//'c:!?
You lise ttrtd 10 for past obliguuons \.\'Ie ttad 10 /I 'eo I' a 1111((0/'111 1I'11(!1l IICOS
(II
It's l'elY I(/Ie; IIi! /II/I,~I II(l/Ie/orJ!,olfell ue uere I1IN!lillf.!" H(' 1II(~I' //(//'1.' been delayed /~)' (11r'traffic. He could 1/{1l'C' arranged another appotntmeut,
You can also usc till' main verb in the continuous form
school,
Note
YOLI can lise I/(I/'e gol (() instead of hare 10, lt :lI1cl more common
(be + -iI/I!. or Is iofonl1al,
11(//'('
been + -iug),
somelhill!: d[r(erellt.
fie' call 'I be coming,
in British English,
Ife mig!tl !tare /)('('11 pl{/}/Ilillg
Sony, 1'1'('gOI 10go /1011';/'111 III('elillg ,I/ark in Iwlfml Need, lIee(J to

You lise /leed (0 + infinitive than obligation~,
)'011 Ileed 10gel YOllr II(/ir
11OIIr,
12.3 Ability (can, could)

To talk ahout gener:tl 3hili[}, YOll use call for dIe present
to mlk abour necessities. rnrber
and could for (he past,

J CCIIIspect/,' tl/ree lal/g/lages,
Do
L/'C' 1I(!(!c/
clII, to prep((re/nodfor
He cOllld swim whe/l lie was six yeclIs old,

Ihe pm!)', or sImI! wejwit
prOIJide drill!,lsr
212
* Grammar review
To talk about an ability to do a specific thing in (be past. you W,I_; urts/uere able to or managed IV. not cOI/Id. II 100Mthree hours, hilt ill Abstract nouns (Ire countable if you talk about something particular and uncountable if you talk about something more genera II)',
the eud they managed be able 10.
to put 0111
tltejire.
For other tenses, you lise
l had a fautastic lime at yourparty last week. till' Brou-n is rery busy this IIIO,.,,{lIg, bnt he'll haoe time 10
He's been able 10 I ide since he tras 1'('/1' ),0111115. \fIill YOII be able to copy III is/or me?
tatleto .)'011 this afternoon,

Note
\\7h<.:nwords for drinks arc used
31>
countable
nouns, you
13 Nouns 13.1 Collective nouns (Unit 7)

Singular nouns that refer to groups I)f people can be used wuh ehher singular or plural verbs and pronouns. You often use plural forms when you talk about the group as a collection of indlvlduuls doing something together (the relative pronoun i.... 11'''0). You of len 11i'~. .,lIlgtilar forms when you t.ilk about the group in .m impersonal \\'ar (the relative pronoun is trhlch). Ol/r/o(l//}all
COli III Iy
(('0/11
olicn miss our (he quantifying words. nell/ld YOII like (I (bottle/glass of) beer? f.el:~ stopfora (Clip 0/) coffee (JIIlI pta
'''''''''0 do next.
14 The passive (Unit 9)

Form
be + past partlctple
Prese-nt simple
.I/m'c' Cllltl more cars (Ire sold (!l'C'!')'

.1'(:'(/1'
1/(//,(' I/'orkf!(/ /'('(1111' hard this
S('(/SOIl.
'III(' terun uhtct) /I'/IIS 111(' c/7oll/piollslill' /I'iII represent the
Present continuous
ahraarl.
f>a,,1 si III pk'
The election is Ix.'it'l!'held treeleeuc!
II(:'.\'I
'J7/(! (/I'el,{Igf!/(I/II/~J' Australia,
,f!,()(,S 10 tlte snpermrubet once a week. 77wf(//lli~)' uov! door 1(.) liS iraoe deck/eel f() emigrate 10
Auttbtottcs ere delJ(Jloped /11 the
tvso
P:ll>t continuous 1'''1'),
the 1110st C0l11111011 collective nouns: class. cl ub. COlli III ittce, enemy, fa 11/ ill', ,~OJ'('''IJ ment. JII/J', p(/r~)', />II/)I/e, SelIOU/. Slt!!l: team
MlllIl' of
111:1'(.' arc
beillg
car Ifllliell h:li the/el'l:I' slo/>/)C'd (/)/(1searched.
/(I(IS
n"C'
Pa~t perfect
IJ(//'t'
been inrlted to P(/IIt:~
wet/dlllp,
13,2 Countable and uncountable nouns (Unit 17)

Countable nouns ure separate things, people and kktll> that can he COLlI1I(.!(1. Thl.!Y 11(IvI;' :I singulnr and plural form and arc USL'<.! ,vii h word such ;1:-1 IIIG', a. sereral. 1/1a 11.)', a/elf'
lie had I)(,'II promotee! three times before l)eCOlllillp, director.

HI'C'I.1'Oll" ,d,o applie,~ ClII
l-utun- simple
trttt be .r~;'I("1
iutoniicu'.
and
111111111l.:rs.
111eueu' hr{(I.I.WIs going 1(1 he opened

1~)'I!Je President, i\lmhtl verbs: present
t lncouruablc nouns are things which are thought of as .md 1101 :IS separate objects, They usually don't have :1 plural lorm and arc used" ith words such as some. much. a /1((1(.'. You ClID'I USc numbers \\ irh them.
'Il1:1SSl'I>'
Boolss IIIlIsl be returned trithi n three
"Iodal verbs: past
These words are usually uncountable: adrice. (/liBel', be(/lity. bread. Hllglish (and all languages), food, IIC'(/IIII, help. tnformation. 101'e.IlIgg({,~e. IIIIISic. netrs.
paper. 1'(,1111. sfeep. traffic,
SOJl1l'
77,,' door I1/{Q' Itare been 1~/i opell deliberately
Use
You Lise the passive Wh(.'11you warn to focus attention on the person or thing affected by .111 ,1('1 ion, rather [han on the 'doer' of [he action (or agent).
aliI' hVllsewas bllill
trauel,
II WI ther.
work
depending
nouns
C:In
he countable
or UI1COllJ1(,lbll:'.
on how they ;Ire used. Some nouns are <.:ounrable if you t:llk about {he thing and lIn<,olll1tabll.: if YOLl [alk ahoul the substance or Il)merial. lasl u'f!ekelld I /'/sited a /OCIOI), t"ol m(/ReS glass. II U'as reo/~)' illlerestillg. COllldyoll pllt sLy wille glosses
017
(/ IIItJldred years (/go.
.1(I'
co I' has
"(JIlt!
stolell.
You of len don't include (he agent when: the agem is nm important.
the (able. please?
Two thollsalld
cars (/re e-.:porled
e/'el)' 1II0nl/7.
213
* Grammar review
the agent is obvious, understood or already known. He was arrested IclSItoeel:
Spoken Engli sh
The past simple is used in expressions such as: 71'stime I was 011 my toay .. 'It's h(!!,htime you did some work.' Td ratheryou didn't.'
German is spolsen in Austria,

the agent is not known.
Ile was murdered ill his office.

When you want to mention the agent. you use by. The etect ious were
1{'OIl
15.2 Past continuous

Form was/were + pr<.:!)<;:(l[ participle Use
l~)'tlte Democrats.
When you want ro mention what the agent used in order to carry out an action, you use teith,
I Ic Wasstabbed mtth all old army kn(le.

You usc il is satd/belieued/clatmed/tltongln what people say or think in general.
that us report
You use the past continuous: to talk about actions in progress around a specific rime in
11 is satd Ilm/IIJe (!COIlO/)IY will gel s/r(JII!J,(Jroter IIIC nextfeu: IIIOIIIIIS. It is beltener! 1II(.{IIw is the bes!perso): [or the job.
the past.
/Z('(;IS studying for
my examsthis
lime'
lastyear.
Note
Some verbs have two objects in active sentences, eg gtoe. lend, saud. shotr. You can make either object the subject of H passive sentence. 11(laSglll(!11 sante II/()I/(~)'. SOIll/' III(I/le.)' /('(IX giren I() me. 771eyuiere S{,III n present. rl/m?seu( II'(lS sent to tltent,
to talk about an action tha. W~I~ in progress when :u10[.11l'r action happened. The second action is ill till: past simple. You join rhe parts of the sentence together with trlren or tnhile.
\'(Iliile 1 tuas ,..llotlping ill the $/IJ)OI'III(I/'/..<el, r
1/)/i('1/
111(/(
my ok! bos: s.
I tras sl/()N)ill,~ ill
IfIC' ,')lI()emltlJ'kel
I IIwi
lily
otrl boss.
to talk about two or 1110rt: actions in progrcs,s at the same ume in the past. J uias u-atchtng 71' talttlc III,)' IIIISbcIIUIII'C/s doing
Spoken English
\'\1(' ('HI) sometimes use gc>t. lnsread of he in a passive sentence, 'Curl gol arrested las! 1I~rJ,hl .. 'TI/(~y ,I!,ol beaten III the IliJl;F IUSI match ofthe season ..
the
toashlng-up.
to give background information when telling 8 story.
II
lUIS S11010ill,1!, outside C/." jwoj)lt!
arriued lor (lie
})(/I'I,)'.
Spoken English
The past continuous is often used: with reporting verbs. 'Bruce trasjust teltiug nio about his netujob, if sounds great.'
to iruroclucc what you are going ro say.
15 Past tenses (Units 5 & 8) 15.1 Past simple

YOII
lise rhe past simple to talk "bout:
Ttoasjust 1!Jil1l~il/,~... WOIdc/II'1 it

events or actions In
11(1 nice
(f
1/11'
cauld hu)' (,1
Our teacher C(/.IIle
ih P(1SI. into class late yesterday.
netc ca r?
to express a tuture intention that mayor may not
1.)(:
habits in the past. 'Xiliell 1 lived in S/)6Iil1. J uient 10 (he beach euety tceeleeud,
situations
j
fulfilled.
'1uias thinking o/p,oillg to the cinema

to come;"
1011i[5I1I, no
you ioant
in tJw past. ltued in Bttglattdfor ucenty years.
15.3 Past perfect simple Form

lwei +
Use You lise the past perfect simple:
to talk about an acrion or event in the P,ISI that happened before another action in rhe past. The second action is in PHst participle
Remember that YOlI use the past simple for actions and events in. rhe past that are finished. and happened at a specific tune or over a specific period of lime. The past lime reference must be Included or must be dear from the context. Here are some of tile adverbs and rime expressions you can use with the past simple:
all night, at six 0 'clock. bettoeen 1992 and 1995../01'len years. in 1945, last Spring recently, this morning, yes/erda)'
274
*
the past simple,
Julie had eaten Iter III uclt I~I'II,e lillie 1arrired at lite /1O/lSe,
10 talk about an action or event in (he p<l'il rh:u happened before a definite lime in the past.
Grammar review
succeed at in
Noun + preposition
addiction to ndmimrion for agreement about/on anger at answer (0 auack on han on crunrncnt on connection with contrast with
suffer from swap with take part in

talk about to ~ irh rell 10 about think about of
r hod
uerer been I() France unttt this year,

:1
to gin' a reason for
p:I~1 l'\ vnt or action.
He arrired late because lie lu! missed the bus,
throw ;11 10 travel in II) warn about

worry about
\\
hh
tremble \\ ilh
15.4 Past perfect continuous

Form
had+ Use
You use till.' P:I,o;1pvri'l'ci continuous for an action ill the [,<lSI' that W;t,,, ill 11r(lgrl':-;:-; lip 10 or neara specilicd rirnc in the pust. llsing thv ('OJ1llnUCllIS101'111 of tile pasl p .. .rfcct cmphasizcx IIll' ('Ol1tillUily CH' duration of the :H'IIOn, You O['Il!11 lISI..' il wi: h [en: :Illd since.
1IIICId /)('('11SII(}II'ill,~ (/III/~I!.III
W(lS /1('('11
write
control over
crime- against cure for cia mage Io decillion about/on demand rot' desire for dllficulry in/with
10
PI\'S('lll
participle
Adjective + preposition
accusrorned to afrnld 01'
.l11gt)' about
\\ illl
101
anxious about bad al

1)(
Ired with
ru!
el'eJythill.~
ill
11/(,l;ardeJl
clpahk of
clever at rouuntucd to connected 10
discussion about/on dislii-,l: of e1k!,.'1 of on

t:~C:IPI: from
u-h ite I fwd been lI'uJ'kiJl.c:j(Jrlfl<'jil'lIIjil}'jiw /11'(1111(11 ion.
vear txfor I gOI (I
exct'pl ion to
depeuck-m on
difft:n:nl from 10 disappouucd about at \\ I(Il L'X( itecl .ilxuu fond of
expe-rt in id .... a oJ
interest in
16 Prepositions
(Unit 11)
Influence-
Oil
II is usefu I In k-arn rombin.uions of verb noun adjective + preposition logl'llwl SOl1ll'litl1l.''' you lise :1 differe-nt preposition 1'01' till'i'l'l'l'nl llll'anings, and sometimes dilfcrcru prepositions h:IVL' ,si1l1il:lf11k':tnings, If rOil lise :I preposition followed hy ~I ve-rb, y()l1 IISl' the -ing form (see p lll),
full of indcpcnd .. -ru 01 infected \\ it h

Inn-rested in kind to
nl,.':11' 10
introduction to involvcmcnr \\ illJ
l.ick 01 Iink \\ ith

1m (.' for 1()),:i1IY towards
verb + preposnion
:ICt'lll'l' agrl'l' :1 bout/: in/io/wirh apologizl' lor/to arrive at/In
or
llic<.' 10
mnrrlagc IWl'd ror
It)
All with
1101"(.'for in,,,i~lon laugh about at
pleased wlth polin- 10 prepurcd lor proud 01

reliant on responsible lor
[0
(11 1:1 rrcl with n.'.1s(111for
rclruionship wuh
reply 10 respect for rcsponsibllhy for return to sausfucuon with -carch for "kill at
ask for believe in belong LO

borrow from GII'I..' about/for charge with congratulate on cover \\' il h crash into depend on die of divide inro dream aboui/ol dress in drive into explain to
lvnm .rlsour of/to

li~I(~11 10 look .ure-r .u for forward meet :H wirh participare in pay for prevent from rclv on remind about of refer to
~l';tr(:" for
rude 10 scared of shocked at

similar to
skilful at son:' about successful at in

surprl-cd at tired or typical or worried ahollt
soluuon
LO
SUI:CI..'SS at in
sympathv for
thought of
threat or
"end
10
"h:trt' with ,~hout:llito
wrong "bolll
smik':ll ,~pL:tkLo/wirh
215
* Grammar review
17 Present perfect (Unit 7) 17.1 Present perfect simple
Form has/liaue + past participle
Use The present perfect connects past actions or situations to tile present in some way. You use the present perfect simple 10 talk ahouu actions or situations that began in the pasr and continue in rhe present. A past time reference must be included (often with [or and since).
17,2 Present perfect continuous

Form has/hate + been + present participle Use You use the present perfect conrinuous:
to talk about actions or situanons Ih~1t began in the past and continue in the present. Used in thb SC!J1SL'. the present perfect continuous is very similar to the present perfect simple. However. because the present perfect continuous emphasizes the conrinulry and duration of the action, it rends [0 be more common. for example:
rue ltoed iu thls ltousefortu-euty years. roe /ip(Je{ 1/1iltis 110IIS(J since 1978.
finished actions or situations rhat happened in unfinished rime (often with time expressions, eg today. this week, this year and words like already). Fee already Iwd ,,'I:\, CII{lS oj coffee today. and II'S Ol/(J'
tit ucht inJ(J.I
I have been working/or is more common t 11:1 11:
Heinemann. since 1995,
I ltaue workedfor Ileiuemauu since 1995.

Remember though that cerrain verbs are not usually round in continuous tenses (see p 22(l) and some verbs do nul suggest duration, and arc therefore usually only lound wuh the present perfect simple. eg decidefinish, stop. indicate rh;tt an acuon is unfinished. Compare; /'IJe been reacting Ilia I honk ycnt leu! rue. l're read that hook Y(l/l lent me.
[0
finished actions ()J' ~VCJ1lS that happened tu some unspccifiecl time in the 1'<1:'1. It is the experience that is important, so we are not Interested in when the action
happened.
t'oe been II) mos! COliI1.1 ries ill Europe. but Tre ueuer oistted
,SjJain.
to
suggest that <Inaction
or situation is temporary.
She's been cycling to u'orR recently because tier car brot

clOWII. 10 talk about :l recent action (that may or finished) that has a result in the present. 111,ly
rin is! ted ;1('1 ions or situarions (of len from the recent past) lhat IlHVl' (I 1'('$U!t in the present, or II relevance ro the pre .... eI11(often wil h just). I'uejus! spill .~()I/I" coffee 011 Ihe 1'1115. Could YOII gOI me a dO({lIll1g ctotltfrcnu the kilc/7cw? recent news, when the exact lime of the event is not mentloned. Compare with the past simple: 77/(' gooerument hane announced tlie crime rate. new taus to try
10
not be
rae been digging the garden= that's 71i1'(l' my boots are

couered ill
IfI
ud,
18 Present tenses (Unit 2) 18.1 Present simple

You use the
reduce
10
Last nighr, the goreriunent announced new laws 10 IIJ' reduce the crime rei/e. Note
In American
present simple:
CI
to talk about routines and habits.
1go to the theatre about once

[Q
month,
English the pasr simple is USU:1lly used where the present perfect is used by Hrirish English speakers.
talk about
f:.IClS.
Liglu trauels ell about 186000 mires a second.

[0
Did YOII erer see SIClr 117a1~T'Yes, I SCICli it tuice.' (American English)
talk about permanent situations.
Haoe you
ecer seen
'Star rrlaJ~'?'
'Ves,
l'oe seen
it twice. '
Myfather runs his ou-n businessfrom home.
(British English)
You often usc adverbs of frequency with
the
present simple
Spoken English
In spoken Engl ish Ihe present perfect rs often shortened.
'Been to England?' (= Haue y 'Oil. been 10 Engkmd?') 'Done that!' (= rue done 111(1//')
(eg ueoer, rarely. seldom, sometimes. OCCClSIOl7ul()1, usually, frequently. often. atuays). Adverbs of frequency usually go before the main verb and after the verb to be. Longer adverbial expressions usually go at the end of the sentence.
216
* Grammar review
J often go to the cinema.
19 Questions (Unit 2)
Yes/No questions
\\Then there is an auxiliary or modal verb in the statement, you use: auxiliary modal + subject + verb
Hare YOII seen ')ICIlWOS? Can anyone remember ttte ausuer?
J tim rarely latefor uore.
The committee meets ouce (/ month. Spoken English Tl1(: present simple
is often used in spoken English:
to give instructions and directions,

'First YOII boil some uxtter in a saucepan. then yOll add the potcder .... 'You go Slra~I.!,111011 aud keep all going ttll you come 10 the Iraffic ligtrts; then you 111m left,'
Is Lili coming to .school next ueek? 5110111" UY! he.,1.!,11Inouv When there is no auxiliary verb in the statement, you LIse: do/does/did + infinitive
1)0 ),011 like SIIOPfJillp,? Did II/(!.I' arrite 01/ time?
to tell stories
01'
[okcs.
'Auytoav, ttoonfor 111.)' carkeysfor (1/1110111',but I can't find thein. So 1IIIcllk IIOIIIC. 1IIIIieli tahos nte another hOllr- and what do tfind tbhe): I p,el home? II'~)I keys are in my pocket.
they'oe been there all the lillie." to comment
011
Does YOII sister otsit
Y()II
often?
Wh- questions (what, udiere, who, why, how etc)

:11> sports
cvi-rus, such
events.
'Becherpasses 10 Kldd, III/W /l1(117{/,~eS10 W!f PCISI March ...
and lie scores!'
18.2 Present continuous

Form
is/are + present participle
When the:,''', word is the subject of the question. you use the \\ ord 01'<11..'1' of the statement to form the question. \\'lho has done thetr hometoorls? \r71(11 started the (I/'l{II/I/eIlI? \rliliell bicycle be/OII,I.!,S to you? When the II'/i- word is not the subject of the question, you lise: 11'11-word + auxiliary modal + subject + verb or uh- word + do/does/did + subject + infinittve
HoII' IOllg (Ire you sl(/.l'ill,~? W/ticlr perfume II'(JII/d you litse? How often do lIte.)' liar lIIeelill,qs?
Use
You use the present continuous to talk about: actions that arc happening now or around now. 'What are you doiI7R?' 'J'II/ Ilyillg 10 fixthe door.' I'm umrkillg l'e'I), hard (/tIIIC' 1/10111(/111. so i,lVII 'I be able to see YOIl unttl next eet:
temporary actions or sltuntions.
Wlte/l did the concertfinish?
Notes We're living i17 &1 Ctll,(;111(1/1 CII II/(! moment tolule house is betru; redecorated.
changes and developments. Tile tueather is p,ellillJ!,cold again. iSII'1 it? Your F:l'Iglish is iI/lP/'()/iillg all the time.
0111' nell'
1 tolrat or wlliellf
You lise uhat when there is a wide choice. You use tohid: when the choice is ltmltcd,
I'(I/tal colour ttuuk! ),011 like? (green, hrouut, yellow, blue etc) Wlltich colour uxutld YUII like? (blue orgreen)
2 utto or idIOm?
[0 talk
Spoken English
ln spoken English we usc the present continuous
about something that happens often and is usually unplanned or irritating (\\ ith altrays), Its aluiays raining ill this country. JV~)' boyfriend is aluiays bllyi/lg me surprise presents.
You can use iohom instead of ioho when it is [he object or a question. This is very formal and is becoming unusual in both spoken and written English.
fC:1lOm did .1'011meet
(If
the ball?
\\'Ih- questions and prepositions
When you USI;; a verb + preposition. you usually pur the preposition at the end of the question. Wltal are YOII thinletng about?
\YlllCIl does il depend 0/1? \'(Ilro tras lie looking/or?
217
* Grammar review
Question tags Form
To make a question tag, you usc: auxiliary/modal, the correct form of be or do/does/did + su bject pron Oll11 You usually use a negative tag with a positive statement, and a positive tag with a negative statement. TTe's corning later, isn't lie? You call sh~va hit longer, can't you!' RUlli kll(iwS till! anstuer, doesn't she?
He's lived Iler} a IOllg time,
20 Relative clauses
Defining relative clauses Form
subject
object
possessive
person thing
uho (that)
(that. who..whom) whose
t/WI t uihiclt) (that.
1/)1'1iclt)
whose (C?/which)
hasn't
lie?
TI1<:: pronouns ill brackets arc less common. No COmmas are used before and after the relative clause.
You can often leave out the relative pronoun when it refers to the object of the sentence. particularly in informal
77/1isiSlI't dtfficult, 1$it?
Use
You use question tags to check information. when you expect the answer to agree, or to ask 'real' questions, when you don't know the answer. The lmonauon is dillercnr. Whel1 you use a question tHg for a real question. you use ;t rill Irig tone,
You don't lenoui Mw)" c/o you?
language. The tlVIII'"1 Use
(whu/thal) he married toas tall and beautiful,
usc:a defining relative clause to identify or 'define' the subject or object or the sentence. (TI1<.: informat ion is essential 10 the meaning or the scrucncc.)
YOLI
Wbcn you use H (llI<::$110n rag and you expect someone [0 agree, you usc a raIling tone. It's a IOlle~v day. fSI'I'1 il?
Students ioho PCISS the exam will he giuen a certlficate. Tftcll's the I'IIC/II whose C(II' uias stolen. Non-defming relative clauses
Notes
1 You
WK'
Form
areu '1 I?
;If;
rite question tag for I
CI11I.
subject person thing who /('" iclt
objecr
possess ive
I'm let/e. aren't I? 2 Wilh positlve imperatives, you usc will. can, could to make rhe quesrton rag. With negative imperatives. you lise I/l/II. Lent/ me C/ j){!I'I, iutllycn?
who. uhotu
/IIlliell
whose
uihose (q[ /1)17 ich)
Giae 1?1C' that hammer, could you?

D()II'I
You cannot use that in non-defining relative clause.". Commas are used before and after the relative clause.
be late, totll you?
Use
You lise a non-defining relative clause to give extra. nunessential information about the subject or object of' rhe sentence. MrBrmvlI, toho lives next door, Is CI taletued artist. Thepia)' at the lyric Theatre. wlliclz is /lOUI solei out, lias been !{ettill.ff toonderft II reuietos. In non-defining relative clauses. you can lI:;C which to refer to t he whole clause before. Iv10S1 Of tlte clCISS passed lite exam, tuhicl, mettle the teacher lJ(?/Y proud.
Reported questions
When you report a question, you lise the stateruem word order. You make the same tense changes }IS you do for reported statements. You use t/llll!7elherwhcn there is no question word.
I ashec: uihen- Helen
WClS
leaoing.
I asked ifshe leneu! Lauren's address.

(For more information on reponed
questions, see p 220.)
Notes
1 You can also lise when, where and why as relative pronouns to refer to a rime, a place or a reason. Ym.1 can leave our tuhen and why in defining relative clauses, but not in non-defining relative clauses. Saturday is the day (when) mostpeople do their shopping.
218
* Grammar review
I Ily
to leaoe
{()OI'kal six, uihen the rush hour is ooer.
IIIlIst -) had to 'We must phone Kale, .said Mark. Mark reminded liS that ue ltad to phone Kate, call ~ could I can 'I strim. ' said Bob.
Hob said he couldn 'I swim.
2 The same relative clause can give the sentence two different meanings, depending on whether it has commas (non-defining) 01' hasn't (defining), Compare:
Atl myfiiends, who like sport, play basketball. (All my

friends play basketball.)
AI! myfriends
who lilee sport pIety basketball, (Only
some of
You do not make a tense change. io the reported statement: if the direct speech is in the pasr perfect 01' has the following medals: 111/{:,1(for deduction). miRlll, ought to, Gould. should. trould. 'You ()Il,~hl to exercise more, 'said my doctor, My doctor told me I ulIght to exercise IIIOl'e, 'Tim lwd gone by lite time t arriued. 'said IIelen. Helen said that Tim had galle by the time? she an 'Wed.
my friends play basketball.)
Spoken English
In spoken English, non-defining relative clauses are not as common as they are in written English, because they sound very formal. 11 is more usual to use shorter sentences, C0l11P:1rc: l metfaceie Sutton. trIto is the neu: teacher (II our school. at a pc!'}'ly last 'I'Iighl. (written English) 'J metjackte Slit/OIl at a party last utght. Site's the neto teacher at (Ill I' school.' (spoken English)
if the reporting verb is in rhe present. TIl be tutth YOIIill a minute. ' He says lie 'IIhe uuth you in nmiuute.
if you want to emphasize that what you are reponing is still true. This can be because iL is generally 1!'lIC or because il is very ncar in lime, 'The population is growing. , 717(1 teacher said the fJu/mlal ion is growing, 'ldon 'Ifeel well, . l\IIary said she doesn't feel toelt.
21 Reported speech (Unit 12)

When you report what someone has suid (direct speech), you often have 10 make certain changes [0 verb reusesand other words (reported Of' indirect speech),
Reporting statements
When the reporting verb is in rhe POlSt, you normally make rhe following tense changes, The verb usually 'moves hack' one tense,
Other changes
You usually change pronouns, depending on who i.~ speaking and who b reporting. and you usually change' expressions thnc and place. The main rule for these changes is that the sense uf IhL' reponed sentence should he dear, Here are 50111(; of the possible changes. (You do not need to make these changes if the time or place is the same when you report il as il W<IS in the direct sraterneru.)
or
Present simple
-t P~ISl
simple
'Georglives near me, 'said Tina, 'Iiua sakl Gem:!.!.! lived Ileal' her.
Present continuous -) Past continuous
'T'/11leallfJl.g uex! Saturday, "satd Usa, Usa told me slie uias leaailll!, Illejallowing
Direct
Saturday.
Past Simple -t Past perfect simple '1 missed the train, ..mid LIICY, Lucy explained tluu she had missed the train. Past continuous
4
now today tomorrow
yesterday
next week
Past perfect continuous
'Frank was lil'ing in Prance at the lime, . saidfoh II , Jolm said Frank had been ltotug ill Prance at the lime, Present perfect -) Past perfect 'saidJill. [lll told us they had never been to Italy.
Simple future -) would
'f'{{ be here until Saturday, 'Va/lid said, Dqvid said he u'oltld be there unli! Sall/rday,
last year two days ago hare this/that
Reported then that day the /lexilib/lowing dav the previous day/the dtl,Y be/ore the nexofottouung toeele the preuious year/the year he/ore ttuo days /)ej'ore/prcl'iollsLy there the
'We've never been
10 lta~l"
Reporting verbs
YOLI can Use when you reran speech: admit, advise, agree, apologize U6r), blame (1'01'), congratulate (on), deny, explain, offer. promise, recommeud, remind. say, fell, think, warn
Here are some verbs
219
Grammar review
Spoken English
In spoken Engl ish wt: ofien put the reporting verb in the past continuous when reporting what someone has said recently. 'Mal)' teasjust saying that she'd like to go to a Chinese restaurant .. 'Bill teas lelling me the other day that he uias thinlsing of resigning.
sound. understand.
U'CIIII.
wish
Some: verbs have two meanings: one meaning describes an action or event. and the other meaning describes a state. \\'hen the meaning of the verb is 'd} narnic' you can lise either the simple or continuous tense. When the meaning is 'stative' YOLI can only use the simple tense. Here are some verbs \\ hich have both scnivc and dynamic meanings: ltaue He has 111I'<?e cars. (stative meaning He's hauing II bath, (action I
thint:
Reporting questions
Wh<:n you report a question. you usc the same word order
= OW/I,
possess)
as in the siarcmem. You make the same tense and other

changes
:1S
you do lor reponed statements.

II/t'
'V(lller(j did Peto p,o?' (1.\"!(!GII.IIC,l'.
t thtuts you 're riglll, (stative meaning = haoe em optnton) \'(Iltal (Ire YOII 111/IINn,Q, about? (action of Ihlnking)
see
t.ucy asked
cohere Pete lutd gone.
If there is no question word, you use (!1wflelller. '\'(1//1 fie he I/(!/'(>S()()II?' She tooudered (/11(' 1l'()IIId be there soon.
I see.
1'111
)'011CII'(!II'I
interested. (stativc
meaning =
understand)
seetnt; II/III next treels. (dynamic meaning = meetiug)
look
Note
You do not lISC;' :I question mark in the reported question,
It looks as iftlte situation Isgellill,(}, worse.

(stativc meaning
= seem) \Flwl (Ill!.1'011 looklng at? (action)
Reporting orders, advice and requests

You use the verbs adotse/ask/tell/order/trarn + pronoun + 10 when you report orders, advice and requests. 'Stand up stratglu, '111esergeant shouted.
depelld
It all depeud 011 trhat

1'111
ITt? SC1J'.~. (stauve meaning - is decided I~)')
depending
011 rOil /0
do the riglt! thing. (dynamic
The sergeant told lite soldiers 10 SI(lIId lip straight.

'Dont Ieau
Ne 0111
meaning '" re~V/llf.ll
of th totntkn. 'lie said.

to
uarned us not
lean 0111of the totndou:
'Could ,)'011pass me lite salt?' satdjaue.
[ane asked me 10pass lter lite salt, Reporting suggestions

You can
USt'
smel! This rose smells trouderfn]. (state) /'111 smetitut; this ueu: pel/lime 10 see taste Lemons taste SOli r. (stare) I'm tasting IIIfJ sout: to see
(t II Is su ttable. (action)
(ht following
patterns to report suggestions:
suggesl + -/118 slIggesl + pcrson + infmulve slIggesl + 11/(/1 + person + should + lnfinitivc SIze suggested f.loillf.l out that afternoon. She suggested Lucy Ily a lieu' restaurant. She suggested 1//(/1 they should stay at home for the holiday.
r.l it's s(,II(I' enough,
(acuon)
22.2 Causative verbs (Unit 10)

Form
ltaue + object + past participle
Use
22 Verbs 22.1 Stative and dynamic verbs (Unit 3)

Most verbs describe actions or events. These are 'dynamic' verbs. You can lise these verbs in either simple or continuous lenses. Some verbs describe states, nor actions. These are 'stative' verbs. You cannot use these verhs in the continuous lenses. Here are some common stauve verbs: be, believe, belong. cost, e.YI:~/. hale, hem', imagine. tmoio, lilse, loue, mea 17. need. oton. prefer. realize, l,(?/1U?111he/~seem.
You lise cnusative verbs to talk about an action YOLI didn't do yourself: you asked someone else to do ir for YOLI. or YOLI arranged for it to be done.
He:" just had Iris hair cut, had cut hts II(1ir.)
it:" much
100 short.
(:\Ot: He 'sjust
if
Did YOII make

YOLI
111(11 dressyourself?
'No,I had
made ..
YQ1.1
\\,le are IT(lviIlB ourflat
redecorated next week.
can lise get insread of have. It is more informal.
often lISC gel with the imperative.
220
* Grammarreview
1 really must gel my car seruiced S0017. which at first was unusual or strange for you.
Getyour hair
CIII!
At the iuteroieu: he said he uiasn 't used to working 'it! a

team. but he'd try to get used to it. I'm 1lS(J(;/ to driving on the left, so Ifind driving in Greece
You can also use this form to refer to something which happened to someone; they didn't ask for it lO be done. You often use it to report something bad which happened to someone. Haueyou heard? Paul's had his car stolen. 'they had their home burgled last ueee.
quite stressful. At the start a/the neurschool year, euetyone has to gel used to being at school again after the holidays, I'm getting used 10 my netu jol /lOW; it hasn '1let/zen long at all.
22.3 Used to/would + infinitive (Unit 13)

F01-nl
22.5 Verbsfollowed by infinitive (with/without to) or -ing form (gerund)

You use different patterns after different verbs; iL is a good idea to learn these: combinations together, Some verbs have more than one possible pattern.
subject + used to/uiould + Infinitive

NOLe the negative and question form of used to: subiec + dtdu 't + lise to + infinitive di~l + subject + lise to + infinitive
Use
YOl' lise used 10 + infinltive to talk about past habits that arc now fintshed, repeated acrtons in the past OJ' past situations which no longer exist. I used toplay ice hockey. but I don 'I anymore. We?used to Hue in &111 apartment ill the city centre. 1altoays used 10gel up at Seven 0 'clock.
You also Lise used to to talk about actions and stares which did not happen or exist before. but do now. f didn't use to uiatch footba!'. (8111 1do notu.)
Verbs followed by Infinitive with to agree. arrange. attempt. begin, choose, decide, expect. help, hope. IIIlend, learn, manage, t)j}'er, pretend, promise r refuse
\fIe a rra nged to meet at Ihe station. He altcays pretends to be Interested, bu: I know he isn 'f.
Verbs followed an object + infinitive with to advise. til/ow. asl encourage. expect, forbid. force, uet: help. tuuue. oblip,e.permit. persuade, prefer, recommend, remind,
tel). uiaut. WCII'Il
N~r parents always encouraged me to work as hard

coutd. !u'ollld preferyou to stCIYhere.
CIS
He didn't lise to be so helpful, (Bu;
110U'
lie ts.)
Note
You do not Lise used 10 and
(I rime period. When STOll say how long, you use the past Simple. V(lhenl was a child, we lived in Londonforfiue years,
Note
When you use
1101,
it goes before to
+ infinitive.
He told the children
not to throui stones.
You can USe;; toculd + infmtttve to talk about repeated actions in. the past. You cannot lise would + Infinitive about past states or situations.
When we toere chttdren,
Verbs and expressions followed by infinitive without to

modal verbs, auxiliary verbs, uiould sooner, uiould rather,
10 talk
had better
You really should visil yo II r grandmother , thinle you'd better apologtze. hadn + more often.
our/ather
uiould read us
stories
ellery evening We would ahoays go 10 the beachfor our holidays in tue summer.
would you rather stay in orgo out tltts afternoon?

't YOIl? inftnitive without to Verbs followed by an object
22.4 Be/get used to + -ing (Unit 13) Form

l?e/get + used to + -ing
let. make, hnoio, feel. help They didn 't leI me forget my prom ise. She helped me caI'IY my hags.
Use You use to be used to -ing something 10 mean (0 be accustomed to -ing it. You use to get used to -ing something
to mean
[Q
Note
If you use these verbs in the passive, (hey rake rhe infinitive with to. He was made to do his hometuorle.
become accustomed to it, often something
221
* Grammar review
Verbs followed by -ing form
Cleoid. admit, CCIII'I stand. call 'I help. consider, deny. feel lilee. ./illisll.jorp,il'e. gil'(! lip, iurolre. mention. mind. miss.
Verbs of perception
After verbs such as feet. hear. notice. see. watch, you use the -i1/8 form to emphasize rhe progress of the action. You use the infinitive to suggest completion of the action.
practise. sllp.. uest

He admitted
/'111goil/g
stealing 111(' money.

11/1 ('{(Iill/{
10 gire
chocolate.
l satrhim /'III/I1ill,~ alollR tlte mad. t= When I saw him. he was running.) f sail' //1'/11 will the I'CIce. (= I S;1\\' 11m\'he won the racc.)
Verbs followed by -ing form or infinitive:

with no change
He continued
r uatched
(''(11.1'011(1
leare the stadlum,
or meaning.
kg begin. continue; start).
10 SIIl(~V 111/'(}///{lwIII his life.
23 Word formation (Units 5, 9 & 18)

You Gin lise prefixes :1I)d suffixes to make different word-
/-Ie co 111 i/l1I('r( SIlI(~l'ill/{ 1I/I'OII,~//o1I1 his tife.
with Ilttlc changeof meaning(eg hate. 1i1Je, lot 'e. prefer). \l(IilllllW"l: verbs, YOLIusually use the -ill/{ form 10 refer to a
S[!U:ltiOI1
Iypl'....
more
sp<.:dfil
in gl'l1l'ral anti you LISe.:! the infinitive 10 refer to a siuuulon. The difference in meaning is very
small,
I C/(III '1IIslI(I/~)' Ii!.!'.~ettillg like 10 gel IIjJ (If sunrise.
Prefixes VOU can lIS\. :1 prefix ro give <In adjective the

meaning:
opposite
11/1 early but trhen
rill
on ltoliday
,lis{{,~/'e('(lhl(', illegal, !!!JjJos.:.;ible,tuacure. i.!:.1'(!glllti/'.
!lJJ.likC'~1'
You can
IISl'
Note
\\'Iould like etc mus: he i'ollc)\\ vel by the lnfinuive. \\ ith a dwngl' of nwaning. /orp,(!1 rententber + ill/1, to remember (or forget) tile moment \\ 111:11 you did something f'lIl1e,.('r.r(//'p,C'IIII('ellll.~ trim for the first time /o/'/1,ell/'(,lIIelll/)"/' + infinitive with 10 = [0 remember (or forget) somct hing you have to do I);d yO/l It'II/C'llIb('I' 10 j>()SI the tetter? regret + -;II,~ .. 10 he sorry nbout something didn't do) you did (or a prefix
10
give a verb the opposite
meaning:
dis(/,~r('C'. misunderstand. You

Gin
uuu
(IJ!.{/ III)
also use other prefixes with verbs:
1'5:11(1(/1, l'r}_I'(!at!(re 9/'el'::Olee/1, orercook
= do
(0/,('/,- - 100
milch)
ttnderesthnate. undercoats (II//(Ier- = 100 little)
Suffixes
You
(
GII1 LIM:
a verb + suffix 10 make nouns:
I rt~~I'C'1 1101.r.:()III,~10 herprtrty. re~!,I'el+ infinltive with 10 = 10 he :-orry about something are going 10 dO/SHYere \\'Ierep, 1'&1 10 tell youvonr (I/)}'"CllliOIlI'(l$ 1101 been
S II Ccessf) d.
you
teacher, II/Clllfl,o.f!I., dlsl) II'asher, pencit sllClr/Jellf}L, (fclo... er. -or - II,e /WI'SOI1 or IIIIIl~ ,11(/1does (III actiou) action, collecll!:!.!.t P(JISlltl$ioll '.\c'itelllel'l, el(/(~l'/}I(ml.flllpluY{lIelll
CI/)/)eCll'rtlICe
attendance,
You can USl' ;1 noun + suffix LO make abstract nouns:

./ii('ndg/~ 111(!lIIherslllp, re/aticJ/lsllifJ cflildllood, brotherhood You can
lISC
stop + -i".~ =
10 stop an nciion I must stop l()siIlP, /1ii1l.'!,S, stop + infiniriv with I() ~ to stop an action in order to do somerhing else
an adicrtivc
+ suffix
[0
make abstract nouns:
happiness. Rood ness. s(/r/ne.'i.carelessness

You can lise a verb + suffix to make adjectives: illleres/~/. s/lOck~ married borl!Jg, ellCOII mg!J.!g. ji'iglilell jlexif,le
'l1/(~v stopped 10 1/(//,('lunch traltzed anotherfire miles.

lIy + -illg = 10 experiment.
ill (/ COIlII/I)'pub
and then
perhaps lip earlier?
as a
way of solving a
problem
\\711.1' dOIl'1 YOII II)' gellillg
tue
drinkable. tcashable, countable

[0 do
fly + infiniliv\. wilh Iu - 10 make an atTempt
somerhing ",hid) is po!'sibly difficult I tried 10 leam alii/ii.! I'OC(/iJlllm:I'. bill I cOllldn"{_ mean + -ill/? = 10 involvc Iflii/yolll' Ilell')o{1 l1IC'tIIlmVl'i7ll~ 10 London? lIIeall + infinilivl' "vilh la = to intend lTI/u;lI do YOII l1Ieall /0 do 11'11(111 ),011./111 is/7 the course?
forp.et.J1!l..IIe/PM
You can lise a nOlln + suffix to make adjectives: CClre.fl.!J.. IClctJl!1 childless, clOIulless prq(essiollgL IIClliollal
IIopeless. IIseless
222
Phrasal verb dictionary

This phrasal verb dictionary contains the meanings of LIlt:phrasal verbs in both the Student's Book and the Practice Book. Please note that many of the phrasal verbs Listed here have additional meanings. Por comprehensive coverage of phrasal verbs, Collins Cobuild Dictionary ofPltrasal Verbs is recommended.
break down When ,1machine or a vehicle breaks down. it stops working. MlIm:, ni has brolsen down. If you have a breakdown when you arc travelling in a car, the car stops working. break off rf you break off a relationship Of agreement.
you end it. Men seetu 1(1he more skilled at hrea/Jinp, u1T retattonsli ips them momeu. bring about To bring something about means [0 cause it to happen. The Admlnlstration helped brill.q
call back If YOLI call someone back. YOLI telephone them again in return for a telephone call they have made to you. [shall make some enquiries dud c('1.{1 YOLt
back.
call off If you call off an event or <Inarrangement that has been planned. you cancel it. Classes ll'ill be wiled oJloJ/ Thursday and Friday. carry on If YOLI carry on with an activity, you continue
doing it. The guest speaker was no/ in the teast
peacefu! settlement, bring along If you brmg someone or something along, you bring IhL'11l with YOLI when YOLI come [0 a place. He {Jro//8!lI atong seueral examples of his uorts. hrtng back' rr somcihtng brings back an event or memory from your past, it makes you think about it. Seettu; tlte place again icoutd brill!!, all the horrors back to me, bring back' Wl1t:n people bring back something rhat
existed in (In earlier lime, they introduce lr again. He
0(;0111a
was allfor br/n.8illg back the cane us CI punishment in schools. Revtve II>a more Iormal word for brtng back. bring down' If people or events bring down a government or ruler, they cause them 10 lose their power, II national sMke IIIQuld brillg thegoiernment
down
disturbed. but carried 011 readingfront his prepared script. catch on If something catches on, it becomes popular. 171e idea is catching 017, catch up! If you catch up wit h someone, you reach Ihe same standard or level as rhey are. N{o,\tleclderS iocr obsessed usth catching up wilh lite Wesl. catch up' If you catch up with SOI11I;!()IW who is in front of YOLl, you reach rhem by walking hlsLer than they are walking. She stood still. allotoing him /0 catch her up. catch up on When you catch up on something, you
spend Lime doing something Lhm YOLl have not had lime LO do properly until now. 711ey uitl! be goill,,(j, to ('/te
brrng down" To bring down the level of something means J reduce it. The promised J17eUSlI1'es included steps to bring doton prices, bring off If'someone brings off something difficult, they do it successfully, an informal expression. The Ghost is the "tircles/Ihilll!, I(J brillg ojf in 'Hamlet', Pull off means almost the same as bring off. bring out When ~I person or company brings out a new product, they produce it and sell if. I'ue just brought out a tutle booleon Dostoeosei. bring up' When you bring up a child, you look after it until ii iii grown up and you try [0 give ir particular belief ...and auirudcs. TOIZv was brought IIjJ strictly. Raise means almost tile same as bring up. brtng Up2 \'(!hen you bring up a particular subject, you mention il or Introduce it inro a discussion or conversation. Tadnised her 10 bring the matter up Cit the next
meeting.
office /0 catch liP Oil SOme correspondence. come across If YOLI come across someone or something. you find or meet them by chance, without having expected to or WiLhoULhaving thought about it. Eoeryone has come across the SOl'/ ofproblem umid: seems impossible to solue. come down rr the COSl. level or amount of soructhing comes down. i[ becomes cheaper or less [hHO il was before. Prices could come down OI7()J iF iuage: came down. Decrease is a more formal word for COJne down, and go up means the opposite. come off If an evenr or action comes off, it is successful or effective. J hope this business comes offal! right. come up If something comes up in a conversation or meeting, it is mentioned or discussed. His name came up at a buffet ILl nch. come up with If you come up with a pia n, idea or solution, you think of it and suggest it. If didn't taee her long to come up with a uery convincing example.
223
* Phrasal verb dictionary

count on' If you count on or up.on something. you expect it to happen and include if in your plans. The campaign can COI,fIll 011 the public support ofafeu/
Lahou r MPs. they gel ahead of you. Don "Ifall behind the leaders youll neuer catch up.
01'
Rely.on means almost the same as count on. count on' If you count on or upon someone, you rely on them (0 support you or help you. 771ey COUII/UPOJI their parentsfor leadership and looe. Depend on means almost the same as count on. cut back on If you cut back on something such as expenditure, you try to reduce it, oflen because you can no longer afford it 7/ie gouernment has had 10 CIII bad? on public expenditure. cut down If you cut something down, you reduce it or do it less often, The tea was too 10118 so we cut if down. cut up If you cut. something up, you Clil it into several pieces. T-Te has 10 haue hisfood eli/lip/or him. do away with To do away wlth something means to gel rid of tr. Yo cannot c/o away toith oiolence by
//'si1'lguiolence. Eliminate is a more formal word for do away with. do up' If you do something up, you fasten it. 'Don 'I
fall out If you fall out with someone. you helve an argument and are no longer friendly with them. I've fallen out with certain members ofthe band. get across If an idea or argument gets across. or if you get it across, you succeed in making other people understand it. We managed to gel 0/1 r message across. Get over and put across mean almost the same as get across. get ahead If you get ahead, you are successful in your career. Yo/( 'oegot to be sharp to gel a/lead. Get on means almost the same as get ahead. get along If you get along with Someone. you have a friendly relationship with them; a very informal use, They just can 't get along together. Get on means almost the same ~IS get.along. get around If you get around, you go to a 101 of
different places as part of your way of life. Gel//'1ig around will help 10 increase your experience. get at If you get at.something. YOLImanage to reach OJ' obtain it. Keep your 1001 box tultereyou CUll /J,el CII it,
tall? 10 me like IIIat, 'she said. doing up her suitcase. do up' 11' YOLI do up an old building, you repair and decorate it and put in modern facilities. Thev tuanted payment ill CCiS/i for doing up tlte lsitchen ofone q/llis
couages.
do wHb 11' you say you could do with something, you mean that YOLI need it or would like it. I think: U'(J could all do with a good night's sleep. do without If you do without something, you manage or survive in spite of not having it. ((you don't haue
cigareues, you
/I/IIS1
simply do
ioittunu.
Go wnhout means almost the same as do without. draw up When you draw up a document. list or plan, you prepare it and write it our. The committee drew 1Ij) afioe-poiru pIC/IIto reuioe the economy. Pormulate is a formal word for draw up. drop in If you drop in on someone. you visit them wubout making any formal arrangement 1O do so. J t./i.oughtt'djust drop in and see /iOU'YOII were. drop off When you are driving, if you drop one of your passengers off. you lake them (0 where they want [0 go and leave them there. J call drop Daisy olf 011 my way home. drop out lf you drop out of a group. you stop belonging ro it. Tf you drop out of school or college. you leave before finishing your course. He had dropped ou I o] college i1/ tIiefirsr term. A drop-our is someone who leaves school or college before rrnishing lheir course; sometimes used to show disapproval. fall beWnd If you fall behind when moving with a group of people. you move more slowly rhan dlem. so
get away' If you get away from ~I place or a person's company, you succeed in leaving them. She ioanted to get aioay. but didn't /1)(/11110appear rude. gel away' rr you get away, you go "way to have "I holiday. II's nice 10gel CIWC{JIill tlte CIIIII/,/JIII. get away' When SOtnI:OJ1(, or something gets away from <I place. or when you get them away, rhcy escape. J W6lS detemtined not to lei him ,(!,elatuay. Ifsorucone makes a getaway, rhey leave :1 place in a great hurry, often after committing a crime. get away with If you get away with something that you should nor have clone, you are nOI criticized or punished [or doing ir. I'm not gOiltR 10 allou. Anne 10 get auay tuith till offensiue remark like thar. get back' if you get back ro a place or position, you return there after you have been somewhere else. \I'thattime haoe you got to Wit bach? get back' If you get something back after you have lost or lent it, you have it once again. All he wants to do is gel his girlfriend back. get by Tf you get by, yOll just manage LO survive and have a fairly satisfactory life. Khan'sfather ltad just enough to get hy. get down' If you get down wi tal someone is saying, you write it down. J keep repeating myself'so that you can get it down. Take down means almost the same as get down, get down/ 1(' something gets you down, it makes you unhappy, 77,te IOJ1e/illess really startecllO gel my mother dOll'lI ctJtera/eLl' 1I101l1lis. Depress is a slighlly less informal word Jor get d.own.
224

get down to Wllcn you get. down to something.
yOU
stan doing it seriously and with a lot of arrenrion. Lets Bel dount 10 business. get off If you get off a bus. train or plane. you leave it. wlteu the train slopped. liegot oj]. get on' JJ you get on in your career, you are successful.
} 011 hare uorld, 10 push
yourself
10 gel 011 ill
the academic
Get ahead me;U1S almost the same as get on. get orr' rr you sa}' Ihat someone is getting on, you mean that they are old. NOll' Fill getting on, these stairs are a little d!11icltll/or 11Ic:. get orr' If you get on with someone, you like them and have a friendly relationship with them. YOIl seem 10 he
geUilig
j
go after If YOLI go after someone. you foliow them or chase them, sometimes in order to attack [hem. Luca Brasi trent after litem and the story is tit at he killed six men. go ahead Whcn someone goes ahead with something which the) planned. promised or asked permission to do. the) begin [0 do it. The case will be discussed aud he II'''' be told u-hetlter or not lte can go ahead. Proceed is a more formal word for go ahead. go back If you go back. you return to a place where you were before. t uent bach 10 the Ieitchen (mel poured
m)' coffee.
Oil
/IIe/llIlith 11iC' chairman.
Get along means almost the same' as get on. get 011 II' you ask how someone is getting on with an activuy, you art' asking about their progress. Syluia
aslsed fJ()lile~)'ltou' PC/IIIII 'as ,lellill~ 011 at school. Get along I1W:II1~ almost the same as get on. get out II' you get out of a place, you leave it. She gOI
0111 aud slammed I lie door get over "you get over an illness or other unpleasant experience, YOli recover from il. I'm glad to hear ),011 hare .'-I()I oreryour cold get round' If rou get round or around a difficulty or restriction, )'OU find n way or avoiding it OJ' of escaping its effects. Irl'illg p,ol nnt ud the prohlem in a 110l'e/Ir(~I'. Bypass i:-. a mort: formal word for get round. get round' If news gets around, about or round, a lot of people hear about il and it becomes well-known. G'ossl/)p,elsJ'OlIlId ""'./i/III ilf(j/(SII), muchfaster than ill
go back on If you go back on a promise, agreement or statement, you do not do what you promised or agreed, or YOLI deny what you said. I can't [!.O back em Illy trord. go by' If someone goes by a place, they go there for a short lime in order to do or gel something. t.o! S /i.0 l~)' the store for &1 III inute. Drop by means almost the same as go by. go by' If someone or something goes by, they pass you
\\ ithout stopping. I SC//(' C/cal' come along lite street and I paused I() leI it ~o by.
go down' If the cost. 11o:\'t;'1. standard Or amount or something goes down, it becomes cheaper. lower or less than it \\'a~ before. IFeexpect the price (?I/(/()c/I() go
dOl/II. I/()I
lip
other places.
go down' \X!hensomething goes down in a particular \\ :.I)'. it gets a particular kind of reaction from a pe;:I'SOI1 or group or people. This (AJIIl'f ntling u-ould 80 dOWII badly ill Britain aud (;el'lI1(III),. go down with If }'OU go down with an illness, you catch it or develop it. IIl'tls./eelinp, tired aud ill ClJ/C1
trent doun II 'ill! ,f!,CISI ric flu, Contract is a more forma I word for go down with. go off' If (\ gun goes off. it is fired. If <l bomb goes off, il explodes. 111(1 prohahiltty q( CI nuclear weapon S()illi~ qfl bv accident is sligtu. go off" if food or drink goes off, it becomes stale. sour or rotten. You IIIIISI drink: it liP untliin a fart night or it
get round,' If you get round someone, you persuade them to Id you do 01' have something, by flattering them. She oould (///I)t~)IS ,qel round him ill the end. get through' II' you get through LO someone on the telephone, YOLI SLlCCL'cd in contacting them. rue been
"ying/or a If/hole> hour
10 p,ellhrollgh 10 you.
.Ii IICtl~)'
get through- If you get through a task, you succeed in finishing ir. It is d[fJiclIll to l{el through this amount of
uorle ill such a short I ill/e. get through" If you get through an examination. or if someone or something gets you through it. )'OU pass it. He qualifies if he gels through his 111'0 exams this
u-ittgo ojl
Decay is a more' formal word for go off, go offs If you go off somewhere, you leave [he place where you were. usually in order to do something. S/Ie
u'C'1I1(?lIIO look ClII/1e flotrers.
year.
give away rf you give something away. you give ir [0 someone without raking money in return. SIze has gioen au-ayjeuellety tconh millions of pounds. give back If you give somelhing back. vou retum it to the person who gave it to you or who it belongs to.
Did.J'oll gil'e lI1ethe ke_l:\' back?
go off' rf something such as an alarm, bell or flashbulb goes off, it operates, making a sudden loud noise or nash. Eoery Sunday morning Donald's alarm uent off
ill lillie/or
lthn 10go 1(1 church,
give up Tfyou give up an aClivity or belief, yon stop doing il or bc.:lievingin it. lU'tll1t to gil/a liP smokinp,.
go on' If you go on doing something or go on with an acti\'ity, you continue [0 do it. While sIte ll'tlS pOI/ring ollltlteir driIlR..... she Il'elll 011 talking Carry on means almos[ tbe same as go on.
225

go on' If you say [hat something is going on. you ITH.:an that it is taking place at the present lime. Whell I
asleed iolrat
It'ClS going Oil.
she refused
10 sa)'
anything.
Happen means almost the same as go on. go out' If a llgh; goes out, it stops shining. Slay there. 'J71e I(~'" Sgone out and 111'011'1 he able tofitui YOII if
you IlIO{)earound.
Come on means the opposite of go out. go our' If you arc going out with someone. }'OU spend rime \\ ith them socially and have tI romantic or sexual relationship with them. II typarents trouldn '1 leI me go
0111 Il'illl
hold back' If you hold back information, you do om reveal it. 1 can see .1'011 em! ltokliug certain things back, thingsyou hauent said. Suppress is a more formal word for hold back. hold back' U' YOll hold" person or their career back, you prevent them from making progress. If slte is ambitions. dout try to ltold her back. hold 011 if you ask someone (0 hold on. you want [hem (0 wait for a short time. Hold 01/ a moment
please. hold up'
go over discuss or think about it VCIY carefully and systcmatically. We could ,qo ooer tlte toltuk: profec: tltero are allY problems.
(II/{:/
boys If you go over something, you examine.
seq if
go through' If you go through an event or period or time, especially ::111 unpleasant 011(':. you experience it. I ioctor atul teachers both hare 10 go IlllnuglT C/ 10ll,I!, period (?l expensire professtoual t rain ing. Undergo means almost the same as go through. go through" If }/OU go through :t list. story or plan. you say, describe 01' discuss it from beginning ro end.
COliIt! yOIl P.O IlmJllp.l1 rClf(p'II~)lII'I",,:, required? Run through means almost the same as go through. go up' If' the cost, level. standard or amount of sOlllething goes up, it becomes more expensive. higher or grt';ller than il \\';1S before. 771e price ofpetrot 01/(1ail-relatedproducts I{'ill,r!.o lip steadily
Hang on means almost the same as hold on. U' something or someone holds up an activil}' or arrangement, they delay it 01' make it. late. 77/(/RHC threatened 10 hold III) tlte negottatious. A. hold-up is a delay or something which causes :1 delay. hold up' 11' someone holds you up. they point a weapon at you in order to make YOll give them money or valuables. Banks ere ltek! IIjJ u-ith pistols aud
sau-u-off shotguns.
join in
rr you join
in an a(tivity with other people,
such as a meeting, you become involved in what they an: doing. Then they be,C!,lIl1 10 siut; and ill CI moment
all tlte roicesjoined ill.

jolu up If someone joins up. they become a member or the arm)'. the navy or the air [<>1'<:(:; Lisee! in I3rilisll English.ll1sl "ejbre/oillill,!. III} and 8IJillg abroad /11'1('1 h'liz(lhetli.
almost the same as go up. and come down and go down mean the opposite. go up" If YOLI go up [0 a place, you visn it or trav el there: often USl!U when the rl:tc(.:'is further north than you 01' is in a city. We'fI go II/> 10 Loudon early next
ruse means
trech.
go lip" If xomcthing goes up. it explodes or suddenly starts to burn. In. seconds it ltad gOlle liP lujlames. hand back If you hand something back [0 someone. YOll return it to them after you have borrowed or taken it from ll1\.:I11. 1Ie handed hacleltis mom key 10 the
recept lou iSI.
Enlist means almost rlu- sallie ~IS join up. keep at If you keep at it. or keep someone at it. you continue or make Ih(.'111 continue working at a iob or task or ll') ing hard. even if it is very difficult or unpleasant. II is liard. but 1'()1I'{'C'jllsl,(!,OII() I..U!(.~jJ (II iI. Persevere i/> :.I more lormal word for keep at, ancl stick at and stick to mean ;111110SL t he :%1rne, keep back If you keep some Informauon back, you do nor {ell all rlnu YOll know about something, Yon CCIII 'I torite all autobiography toltltont lseepiug something
bade.
Give back means almost the samc as hand back. hand on If yOllband something on LO someone. you
giv<.:it or leave i[ (0 Ulell1. PmperZl1 is somC1fhillf, IIl1l1ded oll/i'OIIl [{aI/eta I iOIl I() ,(!,ellel'Gll iOI1.
Withhold is a more formal word for keep back. keep in If a parent or a teacher keeps children in. they make them stay indoors or they make them Slay late al school, usually tiS a punishment. john llJas I~epl ill ttl
scliool (me claJ' lasl {(eek.
Pass on means almosl the same as h~Uldon. hang around If you hang arou.nd, about or round ;l pla<:<.", you spend a 10[ or time Lhere, oflen doing vel) litrle. '111((1' hallf!, arOlllld slreel comers. have on If you have on a piece of dOlhing, you are wearing if. She IIad Oil all old balhrobe. have out If you have out a toolh. your appendix and so on. ,1 dentist or doctor removc/> lhem from your body. f had gone 10hospilall() /{{/t'e Ill,}' tonsils Ollt_
keep off rf you keep sonlc.:one or sometlling ofI a ranicular area, you pn:vc.;11l tht!111 from going ont.o it. If you keep off an cuea, you do nol go there yourself. In
.... colland )'olll7Clue 110 I'~Q,/{/ 10 keepjJeople oj/your IIlIless Iltey are doillg (/(IIUClp,e.
{alit!
keep on If you keep 00 d()ing something. you COJ1linueLO do it and do nut )'[Op. kJike reckolled lie could keej] 011 talkillg/or aile a I1d a hatf 17011 rs. Carry on means almost (he I>ameas keep on.
226

keep out If a sign says 'Keep Out'. j[ is warning you nOI to go onto that piece of land. 'Priuate properly. Keep out. keep up' If you keep it up, you continue working hard. trying bard or achieving the standard [bar you helve in the past ..Being human. he can only keep it liP for eight hours a day. keep up+ If you keep someone up, you delay them going to bed. T am sony. TU'(J17 't keep you IIp a minute
J
look forward to If you look forward to something [bat is going to happen, you want it to happen because YOLI expect to enjoy it. Tlooleedforuiard to
leaoing school.
look into If you look into
a particular
problem, subject
longer.
keep up" Tf you keep up with someone else. you move at the same speed as them. Tstarted to nt u a bit $0 that she had 10 hurry to keep lip utith me. kick off \'V'henfootball players kick off. they starr the game hy kicking the ball from the centre of the pitch. Thefirst goa! was scored with ill Iwenly seconds !f
rr you kick someone out of' a place or an organization, you force them to leave it. He started at Unill(1rsily 1~1/1 /1(1l~()1/.(.icked(Jut. Throw out means almost the same as kick out. knock down If a car or other vehicle knocks someone dOW.l1, It hits them so that they [all to the ground and may he injured or killed. A bus came screeching 10 a SIOjJ,p/'CIcliCCI/~)' k1lucJzillJ!, hlu. doiou.
kick our Knock ove r means almost the same as knock: down. knock out If a person or team is knocked out of a
compcuuon. they are defeated, so that they take no more part in Lilt' competition. Connors just aooided IJeil1p, /enochcC/ 0111 ill 1111d second 1'011lid. Bllminate is a more formal word for knock out. let down If someone or something lets you down,
I(,ic/~il/.g ojl
or situation. you find out and examine the facts relating to it. 111e]'wanted an independent financial COllI roller to look into the city's ClCCOU1l{S. Investigate is a more formal word for look :into. look orr' If you look on while somerhing happens, YQU watch it without taking part yourself. Police boars appeared and sped doum 11,8 river iohtlefamtties picnicking 011 the banks looked Oil in amazement. Onlookers are the people watching an event Lake place, without raking part in it. look en' If YOLl look on or upon something in a particular way. you think or it in that way. l Iouses tire looked UPOII C/$ innestments. look out YOLl say or shout 'Look out' to warn someone that they are in danger. 'Look 011.1,, f said. "itiere's
someone coming. Watch out means almost rhe same as look out. look out for Tf you look out for something that YOLI want or expect, you pay attention to things around you so that YOLl notice it and can lake fJ<'1 ion when it occurs or is there, 'It's uorth CI !JiSt'1 ifyou're uuerestod. '
"Iltaui:
Y(I/I. Fll look ()1I1./()r II..
they fail to do somerhing that yotl have been relying on them to do. 11 would be best 10 run away IIOU' bill
sh could uot letjinunle (/OUJII: he needed help. If you say Ih:H scmething is a letdown, you mean rhat il is disappointing. let out If you ler something our, you say something that you should have kepr secret. 'Sha's gone to buy the paper. 'lis soon CIS said this f cursed myself/or letling it out.
look over If YOLl look something 0)' someone over, YOLl examine or inspect them in order to g(;!tH general idea of what they are like. lfyou're worried. p,el II/(!.vel 10 look it tu er. look through If you look through a group of things or a place. such as a cupboard, box or 1'00111, you examine ail [he things [here. usually because you are trying to find somcthlng. '17/(~y'/III)()~ 1III'()ugh the
applicattonsand Pick out the ones (IICIIseem proniising.

Go through means almost Lite same HS look through. look up I( you look up a piece of information in a book, or on a timerable or map, you look there to find the informatlon. He consulted his dlctiouary 10 look up the meaning ofthe toord 'apotheosis'. look up to If you look up to someone, you respect and admire rhern. The students look up 10you and admire you. make for If you make for ~I place. you move towards it, usually rather hurriedly. The best Ihin{!. 1I0W uiould he to malze for the top of R1'i11 Hill,
look after If you look after someone or something, yQ~1 rake care of them and do what is necessary for I hem 10 SLay in good condition. Doesyour husband
accept that lie ought to be looking after the baby?
look back If you look back On something, you think about something that happened in the past, Tlte past
ahoay: seems better when you loole hack all it. look down on If you look down on someone or something, YOLI think (hey are inferior or unimportant. \,Vhy do Ihe En81ish loo/~down 011 ez.'elythin8/oreign? Despise means almos[ (he Sllmc as look down on. leok fer If you are looking ior somelhing, you arc trying lo find jt. "I"/e'veslarted looki1Z8/or a neu' hOllse.
Head for means almost the same as make tor. make of If you ask a person whar they make of someone or something you want (Q know wbar [heir jmpression, understanding or opinion of [hem is. lJe pelple:xed people- they didn't ~mc){.{! quite whal 10 malJe afhim.
227

make off If you make off. you leave somewhere as
quickly al>possible. often in orcler to escape: a fairly informal expression .. ~1Iereleased the child suddenly
and lie made (yI make out' If you can make something out. you manage to see or hear it. He could just mahe out tile numberplate of the Car. make our' When you make out a form or cheque, you write 011 it all the necessary information. I made a
cheque olll./or.fJ200.
pull down U' a building or other structure is pulled down. it is deliberately destroyed, so that the land it is on can be used. 771ecouncil said it trould close the flats and pIIII them dotrn, put away If you put something away, you place it tidily somew here. for example in a cupboard. drawer or peeker. Albert folded the ueuspaper neatly and put il au-ay 01/ lire side table. put back' To put back an event, appoirument or task
means to postpone it happening or being done until a later rime, T71(? effect is to pilI hack the date ofopentng
Write out means almost the same as make out. make out" If you make out that something is the case. you try to cause people to believe it. People tried 10 malse out tluu the p/r(l' was about Britain. make our' If you make out something that is difficult ro understand, you manage to understand it. J call"
oj the third atrport. Defer is iI more formal word for put back, and brlng forward means the opposite. put back' If you put something back somewhere, YC)lI
place it In the position it was in before it was moved. ~'IIC/IIIpllt it bacts ill the boxforyou? put down When you put down words or numbers, you write or trpe them somewhere. YOIl haven 't pu! Professor \1(1 IIgel:~ I It 1me dotun IJII tire Iist. put forward If you put forward <In idea or proposal, you suuc it or publish it so that people can consider it anti discuss it. 71,(/ idea icasfirst putfonoard I~)J j.
mahe (Jill ifNetl tthesluu: or not.

make up' If yO\.I make up something such as a story, you invent it. sometimes in order to deceive people. LIe I/'{/S CIgood SI()/:l"C'II(!I~ and used to make up tales about till imals. make up' The people or things rhat make up somethlng form that thing. rill substances (Ire made up (!( molecules Comprise is a more formal word for make up. make up" If you make up, or if you make yourself up,
you put substances such as lipstick. powder and eyeshadow on }'Ollr fan'. Slrospent tuo hours making Ilerse(/II/'. Make-up is SUhSlal1Cl'S such as lipstick, powder and eye-shadow. which women lise to make themselves look 11101'<: aumctivc, or which actors use when they me acting. Cosmetics is :1 more formal word for make-up. make up" If two people make up with each other or make il up, they become friends again after they have
Good. Set out means almost the same illS put forward. put off' If )/OU put off an event or appointment. you delay or postpone it. rf you put a person off, you dd:l) M:eing them or doing what they want you to do
b) telling them rlun }/OU arc too busy. Sollozzo CClII'1 be put offany more. }()JI'II hare to see him this U'(!(JIJ. put off" If something or someone puts you off wha; you are doing, they cause )'OU to stop concentrating by making a sudden noise or distracting you in some other Wily. Play Slopped/or uearlv CI minute uiheu McHI/ 1'0(/was ptu off I~)J CI/ow:/{l'illp'jJ/ttne. put off" To put someone off doing something Or having somethlng means to cause them to change rhclr mind so that they no longer want LO do it 01' have it.
had a quarrel. '/1/(!.)' had U quarrel hut laterMarsha um uted 10 IIItdJe it II}J. pick up' 11' YOLI arc driving ,I vehicle and you pick someone or something up, you SLOp the vehicle so that you can take them somewhere. I'll pick il lip Oil /1/)' uay 10 toork: pick up' If you pick up a skill, habit or attitude, you learn it or start hav ing lr \\ irhoui making any effort, Did ),011 pick lip (II/)' Stredish? play back When you play back a rape or film on which you have recorded sound or pictures, you
operate tilt' machine ir is in so rhar you can listen or watch it. LeI ~c;PIcIYthe tape back and hear the
(0
Don't be put qt.T because something doesn't haue instant results. put 011' When a person or group puts 011 a play,
concert or other entertalnmenr, they organize it or perform it. A production O/'A Midsummer Night's
it
Dream' I/'CIS being put 011 at the school. put on' If someone puts on weight. they become heavier f CCIII qllick~)'spot trltether they are putting ireight Oil or losing it. Gain means almost the same as put on. and lose put on'
means the opposite. \'('hen you put 011 a piece of clothing, you place it over a part of your body and wear it. She pUI Iter glasses 011. put on' If someone is putting you on, they arC teasing you by trying to make you believe something thai is
conoersatiou again. pJay UJ> If a group of children are playing up or are playing you up. they are being naughty and are difficult to control; an informal use. 'DIekids are playing liP agin,
228

nor true: used mainly in informal American English.
'Yottre putting me Oil . said Deidre. put out' If you put out a light. you cause it
to
stop
shining by pressing or turning " switch. 'W'ilfYOII put
the lights out or shall P' 'You put them out. dear.'
Switch off and turn off mean almost the same as put
out. If you put out something that is burning, you cause it to stop burning. I tit another cigarette. but immediately put it out. Extinguish is a more formal word for put out. put through If you put through a phone call or the person making the call, you connect them with the person they want to speak to. Please don't put any culls IhrulIll,h u uti! t/1I\ class is otter. put lII' 11' someone puts you up or if you put up somewhere, you stay with them or stay there for one or mort: nights. She tras put up at the Grand Hotel. put up with If you put up with something or someone. you tolerate or accept {hem. even though YOll rind it difficult or unpleasant. '\\1hy do the people /)111 lip Il'illi it?' demanded t Itlary. Endure is a more formal word for put up with. run into rr you run into someone, YOll meet them unexpectedly. YOIl mtglu 1'1111 into him one ofthese days. Bump into, run across and come across mean almost the same as run into. run out If you run out of something, you have no more of it left. \\'Ieteere rapidly running (Jill oj money. see off \XlhL'n you see someone off. you go \\ ith them to the station, airport or port {hat the}' an: leaving from, and say goodbye (0 them there. She sauhim oJ( at the station. sec through If )fOU see through a person or see through what they are doing, you realize what ihelr
intent ions are, even though they are trying to hide
1'111.,'111. Iler
put our'
take after If you take after a member of your family, you resemble them in your appearance, behaviour or character. lie took after his grandfather where character was concerned. take away If you take one number or amount away from another. you subtract the first from the second. 771islast amount is then taken auay from each annual figure ofearnings. take back' If you take back something which you
borrowed or bought, you return it to the place or person thar you got it from, for CX<U11plebecause you have finished using it or because it is damaged. We're
Roillg 10 take the typeusriter bacis 10 tire shop. take back' If you take someone back after a quarrel or
separation, you agree to Ie.:tthem live with you or work with you again. Her/ather toould neoer take Iter bach. take back' rf you say that something takes you back, you mean that it reminds YOLlof a period in yow' past, and makes you think about it again; a fairly informal lise There U'ClS a smell 0/ hOI jC1II1 111mlook TOI/1back I()
his childhood. take down' 1[ you take down something lhat is attached to a wall. post or other object. you unfasten or disconnect it, and rC!l1OVI.' it. He tuas prosecuted jor refusing to lake the sig dount, Put Up means the opposlic or take down. take dowrr' If you take down what someone is saying, you listen LO them and write it down to record it. t tc
SCiI next to Peter's bed to lake d01l'1I tlllylhill}!.
II(' /IIi!!,l11
sa)'.
GCl down means almost the same ~I:' take down. take in' If you take in something that you SCI.!, hear or read, you pay anent ion to it and arc able to understand it, remember it or evaluate it. I did n't take ill al! tliat he tras saying. take Irr' If you take in something such as a film, a
excuses
toere Ireak
but he did
1101 see
through
them, send off
museum Or a place while you are on holiday or travelling somewhere. you go to sec it or visn il. 1./1&111 Oil 10
If a football player b sent off, made to leave the field during a game for seriously breaking the ru 1<.:5. J Ieury after allegedly punching Graham, send up Lfyou send someone up. you a way that makes them appear foolish;
the player is
California. deciding to lake ill Florida
011
tile
I('C~)'
as a punishment tras sent (!II

imitate ihern in an informal
expression. He is the sort 0.(person it is U17I:V too etl.~)J 10 send up. Take off means almost the same as send up. set off When you set off, you start a journey. She reversed qff the grass and set q[( doum the road. Set out means almost the same as set off. set up If you set something up. you make the
arrangements and preparations that are necessary for ir to start. 'lYze/irst thing 10 do ill CI crisis is to set up a COIl7I1I itlee.
home. take off" When an aeroplane Of bird takes off, it leaves the ground and starts flying. After refuelling we touk qll Land means the opposite of take off. Takeoff is [he beginning of a flight, when an aircraft leaves the ground. take off" If you take off your clothes or something that you are wearing. you undress or remove it. She tooh (Ill
tile amber necklace. take off"

Put on means the opposite of take off. Tf you take off something such as an amount of money or a mark. ) ou subtract it from a total. Hal/a poilll u'ould be laken ojlJor a mislake in spelling. Add on means lbe opposite of take off.
229

take off" If you take someone off. you imitate their appearance or behaviour. usually in order [0 make other people laugh; an informal usc. Mike can lake qll"
his/allier 10perfection. the place you started fro Ill. A 101Q( tile CCI rs had been 1/II"/1edback at the border. turn down' Tfyou turn down a person. their request or their offer, you refuse their request or offer. l turned
Mimic means almost the same as take off. take off" If something such as a product or activuy takes off, II suddenly becomes very successful and popular. If tril! he interesting to see hall' lite campaign takes (?/l take on' If you take on a job. task or responsibility. you accept it and tty [0 do what is required. She talees 011more Il'ork tltau is good [or Iter. take orr' If someone takes you on at a place of work. they employ you. Employers lake onfeueryoung people uouadays. take on" If YOLItake on a rival Of opponent, especially
one who is bigger Of more powerful than you. you fight or compete against thvm. British l.eyland pIa us 10 lake Oil lite conrpotition (II home and abroad. take out' If you take someone out, for example to a restaurant or film, they go there with you, and you pa} for l" cryihing. l tooleAndrea 011110 dtuuer one euo /I ilip,. take out' To take something out means 1.0 remove it from the plan.> where it was. often because it is unwanted or damaged. lfyuu don't like thefireplace.
dou-n all iuuitation for Saturday. Reject means almost the same as turndown. tum down! When you tun) down something, such as
a radio or a heater. YOLI adjust Lite controls and reduce the amount. of sound or heat being produced. It's C/ hil
hot in ltere=turn it dou-n. Turn up means the opposite or turn down. turn off When you turn off a dcvlce. machine or
appliance, you adjust the controls in order lo stop il working. lie must hare turned offtl: radio. Switch off means ~11111()st the same as turn off, and turn on means the opposite. turn on \'\ hen you turn on" device. machine or appliance. you adjust the controls so thai it starts working. J haue CI radio I()O. but I S"'''OJII turn if 011
you C(/II taee it 0111. take over If you take over :1 job or rcsponsibillry, you start doing it Of being responsible for it alter someone else has finished. 'J7/UJ'I1Cf/~J' louk over (IS secretary ill 1976. take to If you take to SOlneOI1(.' or something. you hvgin 10 like them. I didn't tltiut: ell jil"sl I'd taue Ic)him - but t did. Take against means the opposite of take to. take up' U' you take up an :1(,liviry or joh, you Sian doing iI, Site decided 10 (CIA!(, up medicine as a career Go in for means almost till' same as take up. take up! If YOll take up an act i\'i!) that was Interrupted,
YOll continue
except jur concerts. Switch on means almost the same as turn on, and turn off means the opposite. turn out If something turns out ;t particular way, i[ happens in [hat way, " turned out I{) he afatrl sensational eueuiug. Work out means almost the Sa111<..' as turn out. turn up Ifsomeone turns up, they arrive somewhere.
WI,ell YOII dtdnt 111m up
011 ttridav
we tried to ,rJ.el ill turn up.
touch trtth .1'011. Show up means almost the same
:1S
doing it (rom I he point where ir had
SLOPPl'<i. Nicola II -asIClkill,rJ. 11/) //Iltere S//(! hac! leji ujr Pick up means almost the same as take up,
take up" If something takes up :1 particular amount. of time, space or effort. it USl':' rluu amount. The baby look lip (III tier ell!!1"!!..)' and atteu I ion, Occupy is a mort: formal word for take up. take up' (f you take up an offer. challenge or opportuniry. YOLI accept it. She usishedfaue uxntld lake lip Derek's Oiler 10 decorate II,e house. try on If you try on a piece of clothing, you put if on to sec if if fits you Of if if looks nice. Sizetried if Oil/or
size. turn back Tfyou turn back or arc turned back when
you are travelling somewhere. you stop and rerum
[0
230
Wordlist
(PB)
= words
introduced
in the Practice Book
abandon (5) /Cl'bamd~nl absent-minded /'reb~nt-'mamdCldl absolutely (1) /'rebsCl'Iu:tW abstract (17) /'cebstrrektl accent (1) /'ook~nt/ accommodate (PB) /~'kom~deJ(/ accountant (14) /o'kaontsru/ accuracy (17) /'rekj~rClsll accuse CPB)/~'kjU!zl achieve (9) NIJi:vl achievement (17) /Q'tJi:vm~nl/ act (1)8) /rekt/ active CPB)/,rektiv/ adaptable (10) /~'dreptQbl/ addiction (11) NdlkI3n/ adjust (11) /Q'd3ASt/ admiration (11) /redmt'reIJ3n/ adopt (17) /~'dopt/ advertise CPB)/'oodv~talz/ affection (5) /~'fekIQn/ afford (4) /-;,'f':>ld/ alarming (I 5) /~'lo:mll)1 alienate (2) /'elh:mclt/ alley 0) /'cell/ alleyways (7) /'rellwelz/ allowance (19) /~'Iaoons/ Alsatian (9) /rel'seIJ~n/ amateur (21) /'rem3t~/ ambitious (2) /'rembIJ3s/ amuse cPB) /~'mju:z/ ancestors (6) /'renS3st3z/ ancient (7) /'cmI3nr/ angle (L 7) /'OOl)gl/ angular (10) /'OOl)gjuI3/ animated (J) /'renuncmd/ annoyed CPB)Mn':>ld/ ant (6) /oonl/ anthem (21) /'ren&am/ antiquities (7) /aen'tlkwQuZ/ anxious cPB) !rel]kJ~s/ apologise cPB) /3'pol3d3aJz/ $f$> appear cPB) /3'plQr/ appetite (11) /'oop3taTt/ applaud (21) /3'pb:d/ application (2) /eeplrketjan/ appoint cPB) /o'pomt/ approach (1) /3'PrClutI/ approve cPB) /3'pru:v/ approximately (20) /~'prQ}um3tlI/ apricot (11) /'eJpakot/ argue CPB)/'a:gju:/ arise (21) /Q'ralz/ arm v. (1) /o:m/ arms n. (17) /'o:mz/
arouse (12) /3"rauz/ arrange (PB) /o'remdjg/ arrive (PB) /Q'rruv/ arson (13) /,o:s;)nl artificial (15) / mtrft I<>I/ aspect (14) /'cespekrl assassin (13) Nsresm/ assist (9) /'d'srst/ assume (9) lo'sju:m/ athlete (PB) /'re9Ii:t/ attend (5) /';;J'tendl attention (1)B)/';;J'tenJn/ attitude (4) /'retilju:dl authorities (6) /,:>:'900TIIlz/ available (9) /<>'VCI13bll avoid (I) /<>'vold/ award (14) /3'w,:>:d/ awkward (2) /'o:kwad/ back v, (21) /book/ bad-tempered (2) /bccd'lcn1jYcJdl ban (3) /boon/ bargain n. (19) /'bo:glnl bargain v. (4) /'bo:gtn/ bark (6) / bo:k/ bash (9) /booJ/ bat (6) /bret/ bean (11) /bi:n/ beat (9) / bi:l/ bed and breakfast (22) /'bed orr brekfast/ behave (PE) /brherv/ belief (16) /bI'li:f/ benefit (15) /'benQftr/ billboard (20) /'bllb':>:dl bIllion (21) /'b IIIani biology (15) /bar'oI3d3i:/ blame v, (16) /blelml bloke (20) /blauk/ bloodhound (6) /'blAdhaund/ boastful (2) /'OOustfol/ boo (21) /bu:/ bore (PB) /b':>:r/ boredom (PB) /boirdom/ bound to (1) /'baund ttl:/ brainy (10) /'brernl/ breed (6) /bri:dl brilliant (2) /'bn 113nl/ broadcast v, (1) /'br:>:dko:sl/ brochure (22) /'brClUJ~/ building site (3) /'blldrl) san/ built-in (6) /'buon/ bumper (20) /'bAIllPQ/ burglary (13) /,b3:g1;;m/ bury (7) /'ben/ cab (3) /kreb/
231
* Wordlist
cabbage (11) /'krebJd31 cancellation (22) / kasnse'lerjon/ candidate (21) /'krendldar/ candy (20) /'k<Endr/ complain (PB) /ksrn'plein/ complete cPR) /kom'pli.t/ complicated (2l) /'komphkcltad/ conclude (PB) /kon'klu.d/ conduct n.(pU) I'kondAkt/ conductor (1) /k~ll'dAkt:'l/ confide (1'.0) /k~n'fald/ confirm (12) Ikan'f3:m/ conflict n. (20) /'kontllkt/ confuse (PE) /kon'fju.z/ congestion (3) /kan'd3estJ<ln/ congratulate CPS) /kan'grretfulert/ conn CCL (PB) /ko'nekr/ consequences (15) I'kono;:'lkwal1sl7./ consider (4) /kon'sld~/ consideration (2) /konsrdo'retjon/ consist of (4) /'k?l1'slst <lv/ construction (3) Ikan'slrAkJan/ consume (PB) /kon'sju.m/ contain (J 1) /kontern/ contemporary (I) / kan'ternpran/ contestant (21) /kon'ICSIOl1l/ continent (6) /,kolHrnanl/ controversy (10) /kantrovosr/ conversation (2) /kcnvo'scijon/ convincing (I S) Ikall'vlnsil)/
canvas
(7)
l'k<.Cllvas/
captivity (11) /krep'tlvau/ capture (14) l'kreptJ~/ caravan (22) l'krer.:lVren/ care (PB) /kcar/ carriageway (3) /,krend3wer/ cartoon (J) /ko:'tu:n/ cartoonist (1) Iko:'tu:nlsi/ carve (20) /ko:v/ cash desk (19) /'kreI desk/ cash register (19) /'kreI red31sL~/ catalogue (3) /'krelalog/ cathedral (7) /'ka91dral/ cauliflower (11) /'kolInaoa/ cavalry (17) I'krevaln/ cctcbrarion (17) Iselo'brcIIan/ centre CPU) I'senl~(r)/ century (12) /'sentIan/
cereal (11) /'sl<lnal/

chain (20) /lIelll/ challenge (15) /'tIa:I;,lIldy
championship (15) /'tIremplanJlp/ charge With (9) /'lIo:d3 \vle/ churlry (I tf) /'lJreralt/
charming (10) /'tJo:mll]/ check-out (19) /'lJekaul/ cheer (21) /IJla/ chemist (15) I'kcn1lS1/
cool
(20)
/ku:l/
cope: with (9) I'k::>upWI{)/ corpse (20) I'b:ps/
correct (1'8) /kor'ektl

COStly(19) I'koslil/ cosy (7) /'k~uzl/ cottage (7) /'kotid31 courgetre (1 I) / ko~et/ courtyard (7) /'k:>:ljo:cI/ cramped (22) /'kncmpr/ create (I) /kri:'ell/ creature (9) /'kri:lJ.,/ creep (20) /'kri:p/ crew (18) /kru:/ crime rate n. (13) I'krallll rell/ critics ( I) /'krlll ks/ cul-de-sac (3) /'kAldasa::k/ cure (22) /kjoo/
chemistry ( I 5) /,kcmlstrt/ cheque (3) /'Ifek/ chilly (4) I't.[rll/ chips (4) /'lJlpS/
chirp (6) /II3:p/ choose (PO) /tJu:z/ citizen (13) /'sInzal1/ civilian (17) / sl'vilran/ claim n. (9) I'klelm/ click (2) /klrk/ close (PH) /k lau:/ clue (7) /klu:/ coach (3) /'koutJ/ cockpit (18) /'kokpll/ colleagues (1 I) /'kol i:g7j colony (18) /'kolaru/ combine (PD) /kam'barn/ comedy (PE) I'knmadl/ commence (22) /ka'mcns/ commercial n. (14) /k~'n13:Ial/ commit (PB) /ka'mir/ communication (2) /k~01.iLl:m'keIJan/
curiosity (PB) /kjoari'osou/ curious (2) I'l\juart3s/

custom (4) /'kAstam/
commuter (3) Ika'mju:la/

compare (PB) /korrrpecr/ compatriot (21) /kom'plClnat/ competitor (21) /k;)m'pellta/
cynical (II) /'sllukal/ damage (11) /'da::mJd3/ damn (4) / deem/ danger (PB) /'dell1d3a(r)1 dash (7) /dreJ/ deadly (I) I'dcdlt/ deal with (3) /'di:1 WIO/ debate (13) /dl'ben/ debt (14) I'del/ decide CPS) /dJ'Sald/ decorate (20) /'deb:rell/
232
* Wordlist
decrease D.(18) /'di:kri:s/ dedicate (5) /'dedlkclt/ deer (18) /dI3r/ defeat (22) /dl'fi:r/ defend (22) /dl'fend/ defensive (15) Idl'fensiv/ define (18) /dl'fam/ delay (3) /drler/ delighted (22) /drlamd/ demonstration (15) /dernon'strerjan/ depart (PS) /drpa.t/ depend on (1) /di'pend on/ depress (PB) /eh'pres/ descend (18) /drsend/ describe (PH) /drskraib,' desire (12) / ch'zalo/ despair (Pll) /di'speer/ destroy (2) /dl'SlrOI/ destruction (2) /dls'trAkJ3n! detailed (1) /'di:lelld/ detect (6) /dl'rekl/ determined (0) /dl'l3:mmd/ detest (22) / drtest/ development (13) /drvclapmsnt/ device (18) /dl'V8IS/ differ (PB) !dlf3(r) / digest (22) /dal'd3csl/ direction (5) /dal'rckfan/ disappear (PB) /diso'plor/ disappoint (PH) /diso'poml/ discover (PB) /dis'kx vorl disguise (16) /dIS'g~IIZ/ disgusting (2) /dls'gAslil]/ displeased (5) /dls'pli:zd/ district (3) /'dlslnkl/ disturbance (J I) I drs'ts.bans/ disturbed (I L) /chS'13:bd/ disturbing (II) /dIS't3:bll)/
divert (3)
Idal'v3:t/
divide (22) /drvaid/ domination (15) /dornrnerjon/ domineering (10) /dorm'nroruj' dragon (14) /'drregon/ drama (PH) /'dra:mOl/ drown (18) /'draon/ due to (1) I'cljll ru:/ dull (2) / ciA 1/ dungeon l'dAnd30n/ duration (7) Idjo'reII.m/ dweller (3) I'dwela/ earphones (18) /'13fOlunz! earthquake (2) /'3:8kwelk/ easy-going (2) /,i::G1 'g::llJlI)! edge (6) /ed3/ edgy (l0) /'ed31/ edition (14) / s'di Ian/ editor (14) I'edna/ educate (PB) /'ed3ukclI/
education (PH) /'ed3ukelInl elements (.1) /'el;:>nlgnts/ elite n. (13) /1'1 i:t/ embrace (4) /om'breis/ emigrate (18) /'emlgrell/ employ (PH) /lm'pi:>11 empty (PH) /,empu/ encounter (4) /on'kaonto/ encourage (PO) /m'kAnd3f endanger (14) /m'demdjcr/ endless (1) /'endlds/ engineer (1 5) I end3i'ma/ engineering (15) lend3l'llIdrJl]! enjoy (PB) /1O'd3011 enormous (12) /rno.mos/ enquire (PO) /IO'kwal;:)(r)/ entertain (PO) /entotem/ envious (16) /,envI3s/ environment (1) /m'varronmam/ episode (1) /'epis~od/ equipment (18) /rkwrpmoru/ essential (20) Il'senIol/ even (3) /'i:v':Ill/ eventually (5) II'ventJuah/ evidence (L6) /'evldolls/ evil (16) l'i:vll! exaggerate (PH) /lg'zred3;:)rcll/ examine (PH) /Ig'zremm/ exception (11) lek'seplan/ exciting (9) l~k'salulJ/ exhaust (PU) /Ig'z:):st/ exhibition (7) /eksl'bIJ;;,n/ exist (PO) /lg'ZISl/ expenses (2) /rk'spensiz/ experiment (PB) /rk'spenrnant/ explain (PB) Ilk'splelll/ explode (PB) /rk'splood/ cxploitauon (11) /eksplol'lcIIan/ exploration (18) lekspl~'rcIJ.,n/ exploratory (18) / ek'splorotrr/ explore (7) I ck'spb:/ express (PB) /ik'spres/
expressway
(3)
/ekspreswei/
extinct (14) lek'sunkt/ extinction (20) lek'stll1kJon/ fact (13) / rrekll faint (9) / Iernt/ fall (20) US Ifo:l/ familiar (11) / ra'mllia/ famous (PO) /Teunos/ fan (I) Ifren/ fantastic (5) If ln'tresuk/ fantasy (5) I'freniasi/
fare
(3) /
Fe.,/
fascinated (9) /,fresJOelHd/ fascinating (9) /'fresmeitil]! fatal (11) l'fe flail faucet (20) US 1'f':J:Sll/
233
* Wordlist
favour (21) /,felv'd/ feat (7) Ifi:t/ feather (20) I'feoo/ feature (20) /'fi:tJ'd/ fee (3) Ifi:/ fence (9) Ifens/ fence off (20) I'fens off fender (20) l'fend'd/ fetch (5) IfetJ/ fierce (6) Ifl'ds/ financial (3) Ifal'nrenJ'dl/ fingerprint (13) I'fil)g'dprmt/ fire v. (18) Ifal';)/ first come, first served (13) /fa.st 'kxm f3:st 's3:vd/ fishmonger (19) l'flJmAl)ga/ fleshy (10) /'ncfJI flortst (19) I'florlst/ folks (19) I f-auks/ follow (PB) I'fol'dul fond of (5) I'fond av/ fondness (5) /,fondnas/ forbid (20) / f'd'bld/ force 11. (13) I f';):s/ ford n. (7) If';):d/ forehead (10) /,f';):rh-ad/ forensic (13) /farenzik/ fortifications (7) If';):ufl'keIIm17j found (7) /facnd/ fragment (18) I'frregm-anl/ fret: (PB) Ifn:/ friend (PS) /frend,' fright (8) /frall/ fuel n. v. (18) /'f]u'dl/ fun-fair (22) /'fAnfea/ function v, (J J) /'fAnkJ-an/ fur (5) /f3:/ furnish (18) /'f3:nIJ/ furthermore (14) /'f3:oo'm';):/ gadget (1) /'gred31l/ gasp (21) /go:sp/ gaunt (10) Ip:nt/ generation (20) /d3ena'reII<>n/ generous (2) /'d3cnerns/ geography (15) /d31'ografr/ gesture (4) /'d3eStJ ';1/ ghost (7) / g'dusr/ ghoul (7) / gu:l/ gifted (5) /'glflld/ give it a go (1) /'glv It a 'g<>o/ glimpse n. (9) /'gilmps/ glitter (9) /,gllt-a/ glittering (9) /,gulanl)/ global (15) /'glaubal/ globe (15) /glaub/ gloom (2) / gluim/ gloomy (2) /'glu:Jl1I/ good (PB) /gudl gossip (14) /'gosip/ govern (20) /'gA van/ gradually (5) /'gned3oolr/ grant n. (19) /gro:nt/ gratitude (PB) I'grretllju:d/ graze (18) /,grelz/ grip (14) / gn p/ groan (21) / grnun/ groom (16) / gru.m/ ground (I8) /graund/ grow (PB) /grnu/ guard v. (3) /ga:d/ guide (6) Igald/ hands on (18) /'handz on/ happy (PB) /'hrepr / hard (PB) Iha:d/ hard shoulder (3) Iho:d 'Iauld;;)/ hardback (7) /'ha:dbrek/ hardship (5) /'ho:dJlp/ harm v, (16) /llo:m/ harmless (21) /'ho:mlos/ harvest (I I) /,ho:vlsl/
haunt (7) /hnll/ head v, (20) I hed/

helmet (18) /'helmlt/ hide and seck (21) /'hald on 'si:k/ highly (13) /'halli/ highway (.3) /,halwel/ hijacking (J 3) /'hald:)<ckll)/ hilarious (7) /'hlle.:>n;;Js/ hiss (6) Ihls/ historical (PH) /hls'lankAV history (PS) /,hlslrIl hoarding (20) /'h';):dl!)/ homely (20) US /'haumh/ hooked (20) /'hukl/ horrifying (9) /'harlfallf)/ host (4) Ihaosi/ hostess (4) /,hausles/ hostlle(I) /,hostall/ housing estate (3) /'hauzll) astert/ humiliate (4) /hju:'Il111iclI/ humour (PS) I'hju:ma(r)/ hunt n. (9) /hAnr/ hurdle (3) /'h3:dJ/ identity (7) /ardenrou/ imaginary (5) Il'mred31O'dn/ imagination (5) /lma!d3I'neiI-an/ imaginative (5) /1'ma!d31O:mv/ immigrate (PB) /'lougrcll/ import (II) Irm'p';):t/ importance (2) Ilm'p,;):lans/ impressive (7) /un'prcsiv/ imprison (PS) /mrpnzn/ improve (PS) /rm'pru.v/ incident (9) /'lIlsldant/ include (21) /rn'klu:d/ income n. (19) /,iDk-am/
incompetent (14) IIIl'komprtam!
234
* Wordlist
increase (3) /m'kri:s/ incredible (1) /urkredobl/ incur (22) Im'k3:/ independent (13) / mdrpendonr/ indifferent (11) / m'difront/ indigestion (12) /mdl'd3esrJ~n/ individual n. (14) ImdJ'vrd3u~l/ industrial (18) I rn'dxstnal/ infamous (7) /'mf~m~s/ infect (11) /m'fekt/ infectious (2) /m'fekI~s/ inferior (20) /ill'fl~n~/ inflexible (10) /rnfleksabl/ influence (2) /'IOFIoons/ inform (PB) Im'fo:m/ informal (4) I lI1'fo:m~lI informative (14) / lIl'io:mallv/ infuriate (PB) /m'tjoanert/ inhabit (PH) /m'heebrt/ inhabitant (6) /m'hrebil~nt/ injure (9) /'lOd3<J/ innocent (14) /'m~S<Jnt/ inS,U1C (5) /m'sem/ insensitive (J 0) /rn'sensauv/ insist (PH) /rn'sist/ insult n, (101) l'msl\lt/ insult v. (4) Iln'51\1I/ intelligence (7) llIl'telld3ans/ intensify (9) llIl'tenslfal/ interest (PH) /'lIltrnsl/ interface (18) /'IIlt<Jfels/ interfere (2 I) /1Ilt<J'fl<J/ interpret (PO) /mts.prn/ interrupt (PB) /lOto'rApt/ interval (21) /'mt<Jv~l/ intrigued (9) /rrrtri.gd/ intriguing (9) llIl'lri:gll)/ introduce (PB) /intro'dju.s/ invaluable (19) I m'veeljobl/ invasion (20) Im'VeJ3<Jn/ invent (1) Illl'velll/ invest (I'D) /rnvesr/ investigate (9) /rn'vesngen/ investment (13) I mvestmsnr/ invite (PB) /mvau/ involvement (11) /m'vaJvmanr/ irritated (11) /'Imen~d/ irri ta ting (2) /'tritei tll)/ isolation (13) lalsa'JeII~n/ item (6) /'alt<Jm/ journal (6) /,d33:na!/ keen on (5) /'ki:o 00/ know (PO) /n~ul laboratory (13) /Is'boretn/ lack n. (4) /Jrekj landing (18) I'Jrendll]/ landmark (6) /'Jrendmo:k/ landscape (18) /'lrendskelp/ lane (7) /lem! launch v. n. (18) /'Io:ntJ/ law-abiding (13) I'b:f<Jbaldil)/ lay (12) /ler/ lazy (PH) /'leml legend (21) /,led3<>nd/ legible (10) /'led3<>bll leopard (1) /,lep<>d/ lettuce (4) I'lells/ lie (12) Ilru/ lifelike (18) /'Irufiatk/ link (11) /Lmk/ listen (PS) /'lisn/ literature (I8) /'htrntJa/ liver (14) /hva/ livestock (9) /,lalvstok/ local (9) /'lauk~J/ locate (6) /Iau'ken/ long jumper (21) /'101)d3Ampa/ 100 (22) /lu:/ lorry (3) /'100/ loss (9) /Ios/ lottery o. (19) /'lotan/ loyalty (11) /'lolj~ln/ luggage (18) /'lAgld31 lunar (18) /'lu:n<>/ lunatic (7) /'Iu:nattk/ majority (20) Ima'd30roll/ make up (1) /'melk hp/ mall US (20) /mo:l/ man v, (18) /mren/ manage (PS) /,mamld31 managing director (4) /'m~ntd311) drrekta/ manned (18) /'mrend/ marbles (21) /'mo:blz/ massacre (18) /'mresaka/ massive (9) /'mreslv/ match (9) /malI/ match v. (19) ImatJ/ mate (7) /melt/ materials (1) /ma'tmalz/ mathematics (15) Im~9CI'mreliks/ maul (9) 1010:1/ mean adj. (2) Imi~/ membership (11) /'membaIlp/ mention (22) /'menI<>n/ metro (3) /,metf<Ju/ migrate (6) /mal'grelf/ millionaire (14) /mllj<>'ne~/ mineral (18) I'mm<>rnl/ mischievous (16) /,mlstJlv<>S/ miserable (2) /,mlzarnbl/ mission (13) /'mIJan/ moan (2) /maun/ modest (2) /'modlsr/ moody (2) /'mu:dJ/ movement (2) /'mmvm<>nt/ moving (14) /'mmvll)/
235
Wordlist
muck (19) /nlAk/ muscular (10) /'lDAskjul~/ mystery (8) /'nuslan/ nag (14) /meg/ nappics (J 3) /'nreplZ/ nature (PB) /'neJtJ~r/ needle n. (7) /'ni:dl/ negligence (9) /'neglId3~ns/ negotiations (14) /nagauJr'eIJanz/ neighbourhood (3) /'neJoohud/ nervous (2) /'n3:vas/ network (1) /'netw3:kj nevertheless (20) /'nevooa'ies/ newsagcnt (19) /'nju:zeld3~nl/ nightmare (18) /'naltm~! 110 entry (3) /nso 'entn/ non-stop (I) / non 'stop/ nooks and crannies (7) /'noks an 'kreenrz/ nosy (2) /,nauzl! novel adj. (13) /,nov<ll/ novel n. (7) /,noval/ number plate (3) /,nAI1100 pleu/ numerous (7) I'nju:l11<lrds/ nursery (13) /,n3:':,'<ln/ object v. (PB) /ab'd3ekt/ obtain (22) /ab'tern/ obviously (5) /'ObVI::lSIJ/
occur (9) /"<l'k'3:/ occurrence (13) /~'kAJ"dns/ odd (3) /od/ offend (4) /a'fend/ old-fashioned (15) /~uld 'freJ:'lnd/ one-way Street (3) /wl\n wei 'stri:!/ optimistic (2) /opI~'rnISLJk/ orbit n. v. (18) /'':>:blt/
permit (20) / pa'mrt/ persist (4) / pa'SISl/ persistent (6) /pa'sistanl/ persuade (4) / po'swetd/ pessimistic (2) /pesrnusuk/ philosophy (15) /ft'los~fl/ physicist (15) /'flzrslst/ physics (15) /'flzlks! pickles (12) /'plkls/ pickpocket (13) /'plkpoklt/ pile (21) /pall/ pile up (21) /palJ 'Ap/ pilgrims (1) I'pIlgnrnz/ pioneer n. v. (18) /pala'nl:>/ pit (7) /pIt/ ptry (5) /'Pltl/ plague (7) / pleig/ plane tree (4) /'plem tri:/ plant v. (21) /plo:nt/ please (PH) /pli:z/ plough (18) /plau/ plug v. (6) /plAg/ plum (11) /plAm/ plump (10) /pll\mp/ pocket money (19) /'pokll rnA 111/ pointed (6) /'p:)Lntld/ poison (PS) /'p':>lzn/ pole vault (21) /'pdul volt/
pollte (10) / po'larr/
originally (1) /~'nd3~nlJ/ outdoor (4) /'aUld,:>:/

outgoing (10) / aorgsowrn/ outline (18) /'autlam/ outskirts (3) /'8utsk3:rs/ overdo (10) /3uv'<)'du:/ overflow (5) /'<luv3'fl'<lu/ overnight (19) /'<lUV~'nalt/ overweight (10) /~va'welt/ pain (18) /pem/ paperback (7) /'pelpdbrek/ participant (21) /parnsrpont/ partner (p13) /'pa:tn3/ pastime (7) /'pa:stallll/ path (3) /po:B/ patriot (21) /'peltnat/ paw (9) / p,:>:/ pea (11) /pi:/ peach (11) /pi:tJ/ peacock (7) /'pi:kok/ pension (19) /'penJ~n/ perform (5) / pd'f':>:m/
period
(1)
/'planjad/
pollution n. /pd'lu:f~n/ popularity (1) / popjuteerau/ population (20) /popjo'leIJan/ populous (3) /'popjulas/ pork (4) /po:k/ postmark (21) /'pduslmo:k/ potholes (3) I'pO!;)ulz/ poultry (I I) /'paulln/ poverty (5) /,povall/ practice (PS) /,prreklls/ precious (19) /'preJ~s/ precise (7) / prrsois/ predict (2) /prn'dikt/ prehtsroric (1) /pri:hls'tonk/ prep school (13) /'prep sku:l/ preparation (1) /prepo'rerjan/ preservation (1) /prezoverjon/ preserve (7) /prn'Z3:v/ pressure (20) /'preJ(}/ priceless (19) /'pralslas/ pricey (19) I'prrusl/ pride (20) /'prald/ prime-time (1) /'pralrn taim/ private sector (18) /'pralVlt sekto/ produce v, (1) /pJ"d'dju:s/ product (20) /'prodAkt/ profit v. (11) /'proflt/ project n. (18) /'prod3ekt/ prominenr (10) /'prornm(}nt/
236
* Wordlist
promote (PB) /pr~'m;;)ut/ prompt (4) I'prompt/ prosecute cPB) /'prostkjll:t/ protect cPB) /pro'tekt/ psychology (15) /scu'koldci3t/ public transport (3) /pllblJk'trrenspo:[/ publication (7) /pxbll'ketjon/ publicize (PS) /'pllblISCUZ/ publish (8) l'pllhl!J/ pumpkin (11) l'pAnlkm/ punctual (4) I'pAJlklIool/ punctuality (4) I PAllklJu'reido/ punish (PB) I'pAmI/ pun ty (16) /'pjudrotr/ purse (20) llS I P3:S/ puzzle cPB) I'PAzl/ quality (13) /'kwolltl/ queue (4) /kju:/ quit (20) /kvm/ raise (5) I rerz/ raisin (J I) /'rerwn/ random (12) /'rrendom/ range (7) I retndg/ reputable cPB) /'repjuldbll require (22) In'kwald/ research (1) In's3:tJ/ residence (7) /,rezrddlls/ resident (3) l'reZTd;;mt/ resist (20) / rr'lJs[/ resort (22) In'zo:t/ respect (11) /rrspekt/ respectable (10) /u'speklabl/ respected (20) /rrspekud/ respectful (5) /rrspektfal/ respond O)B) /rrspond/ responsible (1) I n'sponscbl/ restless /'restlrs/ retire (5) /n'tal;;)/ retirement (5) /ri'taramant/ reviews (1) /n'vju:z/
revolt
0'>6)
/n'V;)U111
rapport (2) /rre'p';):/

fare (3) Ired/ rate (13) / rei t/ ratings (14) I'reltll]s/ rcallstlc (2) /n~'llstik/ realtty (15) /n'relon/ rear (1l) I riG/ rear up (9) /riO 'hpj rebound (20) /I'l'baond/ recall (1) /n'b:1/ receipt (3) /n'si:t/ receive (4) In'si:v/ recharge (22) In'tIo:d3/ recipe (3) I'resrpl/ recording (1) /ro'ko:dJIJ/ recover (21) 11'1'1<11 vo/ rectangular (19) I rek'u.el)gjol;;)/ reduce (18) /rr'dju.s/ refer (PB) /rr'fair/ reflection (15) IrrflekI~;m1 refresh cPS) /rr'fre II refreshmen ts (4) / n'freIman ts/ regard (3) In'goJd/ region (3) /ri:d3~1]/ register (PB) I'rcd3Ist~r/ regret (1) /n'grct/ regularly (1) I'regjol~L1/ relate (PB) /n'leu/ relay n. (21) /'0:]e1/ reliable (2) / rrlarobl/ reluctantly (1) / rr'lxktcnth/ remarkable (18) /rrmcekcbl/ renovation (3) /reno'veijon/ repeat 11. (14) I rrpi.t/ report v. (9) In~p:):t/
revolution (12) /rev:;)'luIdll/ revolve (PB)/rrvolv,' ridiculous (5) /n'dlkjol;)s/ rifle (18) /In:llfl/ ringroad (3) /'f1l]gf;;)udl ripe (22) /rrup/
rise (18) I'rarz/ roam (20) /raum/ rob (PB) lrob/

rock (1) /rok/ roughly (10) /'rAtl!/ route (3) /ru:l/
row (24) (quarrel) Irau/

rubble (18) I'rllb<ll/ rude (4) Iru:d/ ruin v. (5) /,ru:wlll/ run v. (manage) IrAn/ rush hour (3) l'rllI au;;)/ ruthless (13) /'rll:ElI<:>s/ sacred (16) /,seJJcrod/ sacrifice (13) /'sreknfrus! sad cPB) Is red/ sail v. (18) /seI1/ salary (19) I'srel~rr/ sale (4) Ise11/ sandy (4) /'srendl/ sane (14) /sern/ satellite (18) /'sret~lalt/ satisfy cPB) /,sretlsfal/ savage n, v. (9) /'sreYld3/ save cPB) Iserv/ scared cPB) /ske;;)rdl scene (14) I si:n/
scenery (18) I'si:ndrr/

scholarship (5) /'skolaJrp/ science (PB) /saIdllsl scooter (3) /'SkU:td/ screen (1) /skri:n/ script (1) Isknpt/ sculpture (7) /'sklllptI~/
237
* Wordlist
security (1 3) / sl'kj~:~n/ seek (20) /si:k/ seldom (3) /'seld<lm/ select (Pll) /srlekr/ self-centred (2) /selfsentod/ self-confident (10) I self 'konfrdont/ selfish (2) /'selflJ/ sentimental (2) /sentrruentol/ sequence (L9) /'si:kw;;)ns/ series (1) /'sl<Jri:z/ set (7) Isel/ sever (9) j'SCV'd/ shameful (11) /'lelmf;;Jl/ shellfish (4) /'Jelfll/ ship v. (9) Ilip/ shock (PH) IIokl shove (21) /JAV/ shrub (14) IJ'rAb/ shy (2) I J'Cli/ sick road (3) /,sclld-tdud/ sight n. (9) /sall/ sight v. (9) Isall/ sign (4) I am/ sign ificancc (12) / srg'nrfi ksns/ simulate (l8) l'slInjulerrl sip (9) /Slp/ sitcom (14) I'sltkom/ site (7) I sa 11/ sketch (J) IsketJ/ skill (2) Iskd/ skin n y (10) /'sk InII slapsuck (14) /'sla::pstrk! slaughter (J 1) /'Sb:l'd/ slope (4) /sl;mp/ slurp (1) /sls.p/ small talk (4) /'sm:>:1 (~:k/ sniff(6) /Sl1lf/ sociable (~) /'souJ<>bl/ society (PB) /sa'sarorr/ soil n. (18) IS~ll/ solve (1)13) /solv/ soul (16) Isoul/ spaceship (15) /'speIJlp/ spade (7) /spelcl/ speak cPB) ISPl:k/ squash (5) /'skwnJ/ squeak (6) /skwi:k/ staff (14) /st~f/ stage (18) /sterd3/ stare (9) / ste<J/ starvation (11) Ista:'velJ;;m/ stationer (19) /'steIJ~no/ statue (7) /'sta::tJ U:/ steep (7) /sti:p/ stingy (5) /,strnd3I/ stitch Y. (9) IsmJ/ stocky (10) /'stola/ store n. (20) /st':):/ storylines (1) /'st':):nlalllz/ strain (22) /strcm/ stretch v. (6) IstrelJ/ stroke (9) /srrook/ stroll (4) / straol/ struggle (13) /'str/\gl/ stun (9) ISlAn/ subtract (14) / SA b'trrekt! suburb (3) /'sAb3:b/ suburban (1) /sobs.bon/ suffering (18) /'sAf.ml)/ suggest (PB) /S3'd3eSt j suitable (18) I'su:t~bl/ suited to (6) I'su:nd lut/ slim (4) /sAm/ suntan oil (22) j'sAntren 0:11/ superior (6) /surprcno/ superiority (6) /su.pron'ororr/ superstition (4) IsU:po'sllJn/ surface (18) /'s3:fus/ surround (6) jsa'raund/ surroundings (1) /s3'raundll)s/ survey n. (20) /'S3:VCl/ survive (LB) /s~'valv/ suspicious (9) ISAS'PJJ~s/ swap (11) /swop/ sympathetic (2) ISlmpa'8clIk/ tactful (2) l'trektt~1/ tactless (2) I'trekr)<ls/ talk (PB) /o:k/ target (18) /'ta:glt! tauered (18) I'tre~d/ televise cPR) /'tellvaIZ/ tend to (4) /,rend IU:/ tense (10) Itens/ terrify cPR) /tenfai/ territory (20) /'tetdtn/ thickset (10) 1'8tksel/ think (PB) 18U]ki threat (11) /8ret! threshold (16) /'8reJh~uld/ thunder (9) /'81\11d3/ tip (4) Inp/ tirelessly (11) /'taI<J13sb/ tolerant (2) /'tnl~~nt!
species (1) /'spi:Ji;zJ

spectacular (22) /spek'nekjole/
spectator (18) /spekterro/

spider (9) /'spa1d'd/ spire (7) I spare/ spit (2) Ispn/ spoilt (5) I spoilt/ sponge (I I) / spondj/ spontaneous (10) /spon'teIllIOs/ spot v. (9) /spnt/ sprinter (21) /'spnnt~/ squabble (20) /'skwobl/ squabbling (20) /'skwoblrrJi
238
* Wordlist
tomb (7) IID:m/ tortoise (6) l't:J:I';)s/ tough (10) ltAf/ tourist attraction (4) I'tunf!st a'mekjon/ trace v. (6) Ilrels/ track n. (5) Ilrrek/ trade Q. (11) Ilrcld/ tradition (PB) It~'dlIn I trail (9) Ilrell/ train (18) Ilrem/ trainee (IS) Itrel'ni:/ tram (3) I lrrem/ tramp (5) /rnemp,' transform (I) Ilrums'fo:m/ translate (PR) Itra.:nz'lclIl transmit (J 1) Itrronz'mll/ trap v. (11) Ilrrep/ treasure (7) I't re3':1/ treaty (20) I'lri:tl/ trial (7) ItraJi/ triangular (l0) I Ira l'lngj IIII'd/ tri be (14) I tra Ib/ truck (20) IlrAk/ trunk (US) (20) IlrAnk/ tube (3) /lju:b/ tunc in (\) I'tju:n Ill/
twist (2) ,"IWI"I/
wait (PH) Iwetrl

warden (3) /'wo:don/
warder (13) /,w';):do/ waste (14) IwcIst/ watermelon (11) /wo.tomelon/ weightlifting (21) l'wcltlrfllJ]/ weird () IWI~d/ well-buill (10) /wel'brlr/ well-meaning (10) /wel'rnimuj' well-off (19) I wel'of/ whistle n. (3) I'wisol/ winding (7) /'warndll)/ witch (16) IWIII/ worrycPB) /,wAnl worship (5) /'W3:Jlp/ worth (4) IW3:fJ/ worthy (2 I) /'W3101/ wrestle (5) I'resl/ yell (1) Ijel/ youngster (13) /'jAI]gsIO/
twitch (6) Itwllf/ twiner (5) /,lwH';)/ undergo (9) I AOd':l'gnu/ underground (3) I And::l'graund/ underneath (2) I A Jld::l'ni:O/ understand cPR) /xndastamd I undoubtedly (5) I An'daulaclli:/ unemployment (I) I A nom'p lo I 111 'd nt/ uniform (18) IJlI:lllfo:m/ universal (20) Iju:nl'v3:S;)lj upshot (2) /'ApJOt/ lise (PR) I.iu:zl valuable (J 2) /'vroljoobl/ value v.(pB) /veclju/ value 11. (12) /vrel'ju:/ van (3) IVil!I1/ various (1S) I'vc'<lrias/ vehicle (3) /,Vi;;lkl/ veil (16) Iverl/ vibrate (6) /varbren/ vice versa (3) Ivai 'd'v3:sa/ victim (18) /,vlkulll/ view (7) I'vju:/ viewer (I) /'vju:o/ violence (1) I'val;)ions/ Virtual Reality (IS) l'v3:tIol ri~rel"tr/ virtually (20) /'v3:lIalJ/ vital (13) /'vaHal/ vivid (S) /'vlvld/ vote (4) Iv';)ul/ wages (19) I'WCld3IZ/
239
Macmillan Education Between Towns Road, Oxford OX4 31'P, UK A division of Macmillan Publishers Limited Companies and representatives throughout the world
Heinemann is a trademark of Harcourt Education, used under licence [SEN 0435281445 04::152815J 8 (Greek edition) Text Luke Prodromou 1998 Design and illustration Macmillan Publishers Limited, 1998
First published 1998
All rights reserved; no part Of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, transmitted in any form, or by any
means,
electronic, mechanical, photocopying. recording, or otherwise. without Ule prior written permission of'the publisuers. The author would like to thank his wife and children for their support. Special thanks to Raty Wl'ightfOr editing the manuscript with such care and tnspiration. Many thanks to Jill Florent for her expel' I guidance at all stages of the proiect. The publishers would like to thank Lucy March. Pam Murphy. Tony Triggs and Tasia Vassilatou. Desit;,'Tledby "Robert Wheeler Cover photography by Muggy Milner Picture research bY,Emma Parker
'Agatha Christie' and 'Painting' from Microsoft i{<J Encarta @ Encyclopedia C 1993,95Microsoft Corporation, ppl04, ll2, 144/14;i. All rights reserved. Check out Elncarta online at http://www.microsoft.com/encarta;NewspaperPublishing PLC for an extractfrom 'Scientific leaps that put man on the moon' by 'Iom Wilkie (The Independent July 1994), p153; The Observer Newspaper for an extract from 'The end of intelligence' by Ray Monk (The ObserverMagazine"Octo bel' 1993),p126; A thanasia Papad i mitriou for the text on ppl{)0/151: Penguin Books Ltd for extracts adapted from The Penguin Dictionary oj Art and Artists byPeter and Linda Murray (Penguin Books 1959,Sixth edition) copyright '0 Peter and Linda Murrag 1959,1989,ppl44/145; Prem ier Magazines Ltd for an extract from 'Pick your Idol' by Libby PUl'vesmBritishAirways High Llfe, ppl i8/179; Press dram Ltd for a 'Yobs' cartoon by 'Tony Husbandm Private Eye. p83; Penelope Prodromou for the letter 011 p193; Redwood PublishlngLtd for extracts from 'Rock Stars' by Sarah Burns and 'Aladdin Sane?' by Richard Barber (Good Idea, 1994,published in association with Woolworth's). pp9. 44; The Vegetarian Society for the advertisement 'Livestock farming isn't just killing animals', p96; Wayland Publishers Ltd for extracts from 'Why we need two ears' from My First Library: Hearing, published by Macdonald Young Books,p50: Writers House Inc on behalf of the Heirs to the Estate of Mar tin Luther King, Jr for an extract from a speech by Dr Martin Luther King, Jr, reprinted by arrangement. CopyrighL 1963by Martin Luther King, Jr, copyright renewed 1991by Coretta Scot!' King, p105.
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Dixey pp67, 68, 70171.196-9; Mark Duffin PPll?, 1'11; Gillian Hunt pp44. 76, 77. 79,106.138/139,155; Maggie Ling pp15. 27, 125,149.178.182; Gilljan Martin pp35. 52, 63,103, 114,117,191; Gary Rees pp158, 176.189: Pavely Artspp20. 35, 56, 85. 88, 97.116,128, 182.
1'he authors and publishers would like to thank the following for permission to reproduce their material: Athens News for extracts from 'Tiger mauls US tourlst in Pireasus' (Athens News, September 1.995),'Orandmother.Iecturer and scuba fanatic, Eleni is feel ing young' (Athens News, AUgust 199'1)and 'Flamenco is a way oflife' (Athens News, February 1995), pp83, 123; BBC World Service for extracts from 'Highlights' (BBOOn Ai", May 1996), p119; Berlitz Publishing Company Ltd and Berlitz Publishing Company Inc far an extract adapted from The Berlitz Travel Guide to Athens, p34; Johnathan Clowes Ltd, London 011 behalf of Sheldon Reynolds, Administrator of the Conan Doyle Copyri ghts for adapted extracts from Sherlock Holmesand the Adventures oj the Creeping Man by Sir Arthur Conan Doyle, ccpyrtght O Sheldou Reynolds 1996, pp66-72; The European Ltd lor extracts from 'The good, the bad and the downright unbearable' by Hilary Clarke & Matthew Born (The European, February 1996)and 'Y01111g Crime-busters win praise' by Alex Farnsworth (The European, December 1992), pp27,llO; Grosset & Dunlap Inc for extracts from "How do J1iigrating birds find thei r way?' .Where were card games first played?' and 'When did the 'Olympic Games start?' from More Tell Me Why by Arkady Leokum copyright 1967by Arkady Leokurn, pp54J55, 166, 184; Harperoollins Publishers Ltd for extracts and pie chart from Iruroducing Neurolinguistic Programming by O'Connor and Seymour; pp20/21; LRB Ltd for extracts from 'The plot to make us stupid' by David Rune] man (London Review of Books, February 1996), pp160/161; Microsoft Corporation for extracts adapted from 'Salvador DaU',
Acknowledgements
The authors and publishers would like to than 1< the tollowiJ'g for permission to reproduce their photographs: Allsport p180(tr, bi; b & 1);Ancient Art & Architecture pp58(m), 184; BBC Picture Arch ives p1l8(tt ml, mr; bl & bl');Bridgeman Art Library pl45(Bathel's at Asnieres, 1884(oil on canvas) by George Pierre Seurat (1859-189 National Gallery. London/Bridgeman Art Library, London). pH6 (Execution of the Defendets of Madrid, ard May, 1808, 1814by Francisco Jose de Goya y Lucientss (1746,1,828) Prado, MadridlBl'idgeman Art Llbrarg London/Index); Corbls pl05; James Davts pp2A(b). 168(b).186(b), 193;Edinburgh Photographic Library p80/a.l; Emplcs p180(t); Mary Evans Picture Library pp59(m), 90(t); Eye Ubiquitous p84; Getty Images l?P23,39, 50(1),55, 58/59..59(r), 61,94, 141(m), 163(t & m), 165(t & mr): 'l'he Ronald Grant Archive/Hanna Barbera pp12/~3. Ronald Grant Archive/Touchstone p4.3(t & m), Ronald Grant Al'chjve/20th Century Fox p43(b); Image Bank p126; Images Colour Library pp50(1).51, 118(t1'), 165(1111); Impact Photos ppS3(1),111, 163(mb); 'I'he Kobal Collection I,Jp8,45; Life File pp33(bI'), 140/141.141(t), le6(ml); Daii, Salvador. The Perststence or Memory (Persistance de la memoire), 193J, oil 011 canvas, 9.5 x l3"(24.1 x 33cm), The Museum of Modern Art, New York. Given Anonymously. Photographc 1997The Museum of Modern Ar], New Yotk p104; Monet, Claude, Palazzo de Mula, 1908,Chester Dale Collection, ~<.:> Board of Trustees, National Gallery of Art, Washington p1.51; Peter Newatk's Plctures pprsz, 173; Pictor PP58(1),92,165(b); Popperfoto pp160.161; Science Photo LibJ'ary pp152, 153; Spectrum Colour Library pp25(t), 187; Still Pictures pp24(t). 96, 1.86(mr):Telegraph Colour Library pp24(m), 33(tr), 83, 134(L), 174, 186(t);'{'ripl Art Directors ppl34/135, 163(mt); John Walmsley Photo-Llbrary p90; Zeta p25(b).
issro,
We would aiso like to thank Angela and Edward Reckitt, Lucy March and St Clare's College, Oxford. Commissioned photography by: Haddon Davies pplO/ll,120/121, 129(3,6,7 & 8) & 129(b), 135(1,br & r), 166/167; Paul Freestone p122(J.;); Chris Honeywell pp122(1), 129(1,2.4,5). Whilst every effort has beeu.made to locate the owners of copyright, in some cases this has been unsuccessful. The publishers apologize for any infringement or failure to acknowledge original sources and shall be glad to include any necessary corrections in subsequent printings. Printed and bound in Spain by Mateu Cromo, S.A. Pinto (Madrid)
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Includes a dictionary of phrasal verbs taken from
Col/ills Co/mild Dictionary of Phrasal Verbs
ISBN0-435-28144-5
MACMILLAN
HEINEMANN
9 780435281441
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Contents

Phrasal \~~ and idi(lfn:-. Phrasal vt:rl~\\.ilh up

Part ;: word (omaation Part -i: Entlr c."'OO'c(.1jon

good, Ibe bad and tbe unbeanble l).;j~c24

'n.~(_'nl$iUll)l\' ~ pr~ ..ecru

1:ISl simple &

"-ords of suniJaf meaning

Phrasal verbs whh

Part J: ~Iultipk' choice clo7.C l'art 5: \'(,'unJ ()mlution E.X:Ul1inronl1ulion: l'urt 1

Cn1l1f)Clr:tlh ... & .... UI''' ..I1:lli\'c :Itlil"\.-,i\,\.)o

v(.,rt)$ (If S(llll,d ~'\: ~i~h(

Part 5: \'(.'or(l (01"01:1(;':'10

7 lA:isun: for pleasure

Prvscm pcrtcc slrnplo: &.

pR;..,_~nl f\\:"\:CI coeulnuoes

LKi:-urc." <.:01\(.("11\ .. nouns .'h".ls.:,1 \'clh.~ $:. klll.)l1~

I':l$( perfect simptc & pllll: perfect continuous

1":I1l J: ~fuhiple chokio! cloze

1 'n rt 2: Open doze

Review: UOiL"S-8 )'Iagc 74

-(JI(I and -;II,'t :1(lic.'\'i\"\!~ \\;001 funU3tiOil

Phrasal "eli)" wlth look

COlnpc.,und ;l(ljt. ...'i\'C.i

\'(Iord (onn:ltkl" F_,:unin(unu:I'lI)n: I):n~3

11 ~'c:ahto cat or not to cat?

Food & r.1rnling I'h1':15.11verbs (foc.KU

Pnrt 2: OPI..--n 11.'101.(-

f'.. xam In(onn:uJon: 1':10 2

?!!i 3e G:lPPL"tJ text E.~nl i.nfoflll:uinn: l~ltl .~

P:Ul 2: ulauk filling

CS:in3: Gapped text ?:::n -1; .\Iulllpk: Il\:'u(hln~

I'~lft l: 111(,)((.I1-(r.lphli l'lis(\.:o;.... ic)ll

1':.111 1 ]l.la~;1zilll aRid c I~"anl inf,)nn:1li,ln

Pan I: i\lulliplc chore ... Ex!un il1rOfnt:uion: {),.111 I

Qu~.'&iQnnniH: & discU$$ion

Loner uf ;lppJI c-auon I:.x ant infunn;l,j(ln

.?'zi 1: .\1ultiptc 11'Utl'llinS

1':'113: j\lullip!c nlau_11in~ E.'X:tnlinformation: P~lfl .\

1J;1r1$;3 I'(: 4; I-J;~i""(llt

.P""..a...;.: ,\Iulliph; 1Il:l{('hln~

Pan I: .\htltipk: choice ~r)()kt:n Eo~lbh

Pan Z: PhCl(l),g~JI>lb P:ln5 , &. 1: Pairwork task

oS: disc":ui(;lu Ux:lln inrQnll;",()ll: 1~'r1~ J&1

t'nn 2: Ulank fillillJ.t

nook review I~x:unIntonnmlon

e.: 1:)lultiplc ,n:ltchint;t

1)CS('rlhio1t :1J\illl:ll~ Rnlcpl:.),8: disou.... .;iOIl

9%:1: 1: \Iullrplc In:lt('hing

P':1I1 2: ulank fillin~

Ih=: '2: ~uJlipl .. choice E- mionrunion: Pnn 2

Debate Pares 3 &

Phl".I\.1l \\..'th,. 'Ailh /.Hf'1}:

{~'(' r,.'",n,kl ...iIlO.lith'c

P.1I1 ~. ~"'ld (utnl,uilln

f'.111 3: 'rtl'f\~nl'fl1:Jlit)ll'" P.I'" I; l;;trnr c,'nn\'(:Uon

1'Uj.. .... 11M

\'t"It"" Inf:km,t'd I", infin.,\ v tw ""8 fOf"Ol (_n'antJ)

(" ..),,, .lIllon.ll, . ( II; zero.firSl ... ~ ~~"Orx.I

''u1.I',,:1I \\'Ih" \\lIh du &

('AlUnl:ahl ... A UCk'uun1.II"_c

& fk ...I. ..... 1l)

no."" Colour "J... ,....

l.<">IlCn 4..'1",,,,: I"Jn 1 \Iuthpk_, hnil" linzc