Data Collection and Analysis Issues in Indonesia

Sri Moertiningsih Adioetomo Capacity Development Workshop on Measuring Social Protection Jakarta, BPS-ADB, 14 May 2013

Outline
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Overview of Socio-economic conditions Overview of SP Programs in Indonesia Lessons Learned from data collection Survey findings Policy implications and recommendations

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Overview of Socio-Economic Condition of Indonesia 2009

1. GDP growth is high of about 6% annually 2. Indonesia survived from the Global Financial Crisis since 2008 3. About 70 % of workers are engaged in informal works mostly are not covered by social protection programs. A large number of unpaid family workers are women. 4. Poverty rate declines, but in 2010 still 13.3% of the population are poor.
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Existing Social Protection in Indonesia

Social Insurance
Saving and insurance for government civil servant (Taspen) Saving and insurance for Armed Forces (Asabri) Health Insurance for government civil servants and the military (Askes) Pension scheme for workers in private companies (Jamsostek)

Social assistance

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National Health Insurance (Jamkesmas) Family Hope Program (PKH) Rice for the poor (Raskin) Others.
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TASPEN: Saving and insurance for government civil servants

Contribution: 8% from the salary (4.75% for pensions and 3.25% lump sump). This consist of: Old saving scheme (THT) consists of pension and lump sum Death insurance : payable to survivors upon the death of the participant. Age of retirement is 56 years or 60 years for echelon one and two. Membership: 4.2 million active and 2.09 million retiree (2009), USD$920.9 billion.
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ASABRI: Social insurance for the Armed Forces

Contribution: 2.5 % of the last basic monthly salary multiplied by number of years in service. The total amount is deducted by 2% for health insurance contribution Age of retirement depends on the level. For private (tamtama) is 53 years, and for officer (perwira) is 58 years. Coverage: 1.77 million armed forces, or USD$23.5 billion (in 2009)
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ASKES: Health Insurance for Government Civil Servants and the Military Personnel
Compulsory for govt. civil servants, military personnel and their families. Benefit: services from primary health care both outpatient and hospitalization, advance health care, maternity service, hemodialysis etc. Membership: member 7.6 million, family 8.6million people. Among which 50.5% is female member. Budget in 2009: USD4391.8 million.
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 Old age security (JHT)

Jamsostek: Social Insurance for the private (formal) workers.

Contribution: 5.7% of the monthly salary ( 3.7% paid by employer and 2.0% paid by employee). This is not pension, but a lump sum given upon retirement. Age of retirement 55 years. Membership: 29.0 million in 2009, budget USD$554.0 million.

Occupational Injury Benefit ( Jaminan Kecelakaan Kerja), including death benefit

Benefit; compensate accident, occupational disease. Contribution paid by employer: 0.24% - 1.71% according to type of business.
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Social Assistance
1. National Health Insurance (Jamkesmas) 2. Family Hope Program 3. Rice for the Poor (RAKIN). 4. Other social assistance

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Jamkesmas: Social Health Insurance for the poor

This is a social assistance for health cover, started in 2008 to replace ASKESKIN since 2004. Manage by Ministry of Health. Beneficiaries: targeted to the poor and near poor or 76.4 million in 2009 Benefit: comprehensive package including inpatients and outpatients, coverage of drugs from specific formularies and generic drugs. Budget: USD$440.2 million of poor and vulnerable people.
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PKH: Family Hope Program (conditional cash transfer)

Started in 2007 in several provinces, and managed by the Ministry of Social Affaires Target beneficiaries: in 2009 is 720,376 of very poor or chronic poor households , which have a child aged 6-15 years, or age 18 who has not completed primary school, have a child age 0-6 years, or have a pregnant or lactating mothers Budget: USD$106.4 million in 2009.
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RASKIN: Subsidized rice for the poor

Manage by the Boards of logistic Affairs (Bulog). Since 2002 to continue the 1998 social safety net due to economic crisis. Beneficiaries: 20 kg of subsidized price of rise. Rp1,600 per kg instead of the market price of Rp5,500 in 2008. Coverage: 18.5 millions of individuals Budget: USD$1.24 billion.
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Existing data on social protection

Data on social insurance is mostly gathered from Annual Report provided by PT ASKES, PT Jamsostek Data on social assistance mostly availed on line from government ministries : Ministry of Social Affairs, Ministry of Health in the form of LAKIP (Report on Ministries performance every year) Other data is collected through individual interviews with related staff at the ministries
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Challenges in data collection on SP in Indonesia

No centralized source of SP data Data on SP programs are scattered/ fragmented among government agencies or line ministries. Some information are accessible online and/or through published reports (example LAKIP)
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Challenges (continued)
Even if they exist, they do not include number of beneficiaries. Most of information comes from direct discussions and meetings with resource persons: the relevant officials and experts who mostly provide us with unpublished reports. Not necessarily the executives, rather staff at lower levels.
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Challenges (continued)
Regional autonomy makes regency/ municipality governments also have their own local SP programs directed towards the people in their areas. Data on these programs can only be obtained from the 480 local governments. This is costly thus, we omitted this.

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Challenges (continued)
Some agencies/ministries do not have accurate system of recording and reporting of SP programs they are conducting. Even if available these reports are sometimes unpublished. Data on the beneficiaries are often recorded not in number of persons, for example in groups or communities; as a result this cannot be included in the SPI calculation.
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Challenges (continued)
Available data are not disaggregated by poverty status and gender. The number of beneficiaries by poverty status and gender are estimated. Different definitions on social protection; and poor and vulnerable people among ministries Difficult to match with the definition of social protection and the target beneficiaries with SPI Handbook.
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Survey findings
39 Programs were identified, but some are not matched with the revised SPI handbook. Among others
Social Insurance for formal sectors: Taspen, Asabri, Askes, Jamsostek Social Assistance for the poor: by the Ministry of Social Welfare, Ministry of Education, Ministry of health etc. Labor market programs: fiscal stimulus programs for employment creation
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Summary of Social Protection Expenditure, Indonesia 2009

SP Category
Pensions Health Insurance Unemployment Benefit Other Social Insurance ALL Social Insurance Assistance for Elderly Health Assistance Child Protection Disaster Assistance and Relief Other Social Assistance (e.g. disability benefits) ALL Social Assistance Labour Market Programs TOTAL SP EXPENDITURE GDP SP Expenditure Indicator (SPEXP)
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2009 Annual Expenditure (Billion Rupiahs)* 5,789.841 4,759.588 0 10,477.110 21,026.539 56.004 5,013.000 22,286,442 314.557. 14,767.242 42,437.245. 488.984. 63,952.769. 5,603,871.200 1.14%

%age
9.1% 7.4% 0.0% 16.4% 32.9% 0.1% 7.8% 34.8% 0.5% 23.1% 66.4% 0.8% 100.0%

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Conclusion
The government of Indonesia is implementing social insurance and social assistance even before the launching of law of SJSN (National Social security System) inn 2004. The existing social protection is fragmented and scattered with different system of administration. Collecting information on social assistance poses problems.
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Policy implication
Develop accurate and timely data on population and poverty status for appropriate targeting. Develop a unified system of recording and reporting for monitoring, evaluation to see its effectiveness TNP2K is developing this unified data base, but should be put in a higher level authority and mandated by a Law
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 This will force line ministries and agencies to use the unified system of data base for targeting the poor and vulnerable people and therefore a unified system of recording and reporting of SP program is developed.

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Thank you