Unit 5 Notes 2: End of the War

What was the Triple Entente known as once the war started?
The Allies

By 1915 (year 2) who was in the Allies?

France Russia Great Britain Italy* Belgium Japan Australia Brazil

By 1915 (year 2) who was in the Central Powers?

Germany Austria-Hungary The Ottoman Empire (Turkey) Bulgaria

What type of fighting was most common in World War One?

Trench Warfare

Describe trench warfare.

Armies fought from miles of parallel trenches The men slept in mud, washed in mud, ate mud, and dreamt mud. The trenches swarmed with rats, fresh food was rare, and sleep was nearly impossible The area in between the trenches was know as no mans land The trenches were not safe either, bombs and poison gas were dropped on them regularly

Quote on trench warfare.

The trenches disappeared, filled with earth, the air was unbreathable. Our blinded, wounded, crawling, and shouting soldiers kept falling on top of us and died splashing us with blood. It was a living hell.

Where was the Western Front located?

Northern France

Where was the Eastern Front located?

Along the German and Russian border

What new technologies were used in World War One?

Machine Gun Poison Gas Tanks Airplanes Submarines

What did countries expect the effect of these technologies would be?
Most military strategists felt the new technology would lead to a quicker end to the fighting

What was the actual effect of the use of these new technologies?
The new technology led to killing huge numbers of people more effectively

Describe the Russian military

The only positive of the Russian army was the size of its army Not industrialized Had trouble maintaining supplies of food, guns, ammunition, clothes, boots, and blankets Isolated from the other Allied nations

Describe the surrender of Russia.

The allies tried and failed to supply the Russians in the Battle of Gallipoli (Turkey). As a result of war related shortages of food and fuel, the citizens of Russia stage a Marxist revolution and overthrow their leaders To focus on rebuilding their country, the new government signs a peace treaty with Germany

What were the WWI outcomes for Russia?

5.5 million Russian soldiers are either killed, wounded, or taken prisoner Russia gives up the territories of Finland, Poland, Ukraine, Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania

How did WWI end?

No longer having to worry about Russia, Germany launches the largest attack of the war on the Western Front. However, with the support of 2 million fresh US soldiers, the Allies are able to withstand the attack and drive back the Germans Bulgaria and the Ottoman Empire surrender Austria-Hungary suffers a revolution that overthrows their leaders and they withdraw from the war On Nov. 18th, 1918 Kaiser Wilhelm II is forced to step down. The new German government signs an armistice, or cease-fire, to bring the war to an end

What was the cost of the war?

8.5 million soldiers died 21 million soldiers were wounded European countries spent an estimated $338 billion European farm land, homes, villages, and towns are decimated