Tnstructor’s Soltutions Introduction to CHEMICAL ENGINEERING THERMODYNAMICS Sixth Editson J.M. Smith ¢ H.C. Van Ness ¢ M.M. AbbottChapter 1 - Section A - Mathcad Solutions 1.4 The equation that relates deg F to deg C is: t(F ‘equation by setting t(F) = «(C). ‘Guess solution: Given Find(t) 240 5 a F 1.5. By definiti Peo F = massg 3000bar P-A 1.6 By definition: Pp = = F = massg 3000atm 1.7 Pabs = p-g:h + Patm 13,535.28 em? Patm = 101.78kPa 18 p= 13.535-50 om Pam !=29.86in_Hg Pats == p-8-h+ Patm 4 8 (C) + 32. Solve this Ans. Note: Pressures are in gauge pressure. A= 12.566mm" mass = 3844kg = Ans. A= 0.023 in? mass='10007 Ibm Ams. b= $6.38em Pabs = 176.808kPa Ans, f= 25.62in £27179 psia Ans. Pats1.10 Assume the following: p := 13.52% gi 98% om’, ea 400bar his 2 Ps h=302.3m. Ans. 1.11 The force on a spring is described by: F = K x where K is the spring constant, First calculate K based on the earth measurement then 2ytars based on spring measurement on Mars. On Earth: F = massg mass := 0.40kg, F c= massg F = 3.924N On Mars: 0.40em Fears °= Kx EMars = 1-453N FMars mass “Sears: Ans, BMars = 112 Given: 4 ps—pg and: p= MP a & Poenver Denver Separating variables and integrating: lope {*3) i P RT Pree ° After integrating: ‘Taking the exponential of both sides —Me Ap Benver and rearranging: latm Psea3 cov atm R = 82.06 Tes (10+273.19K ZDenver = Imi mol Me ne zpemver = 0.194 Rr Mey (tome) Ppenver >= Psca'e Ppeniee = 0.823atm Ans. denver = 0:834bar Ams. 1.13. The same proportionality applies as in Pb. 1.11. 2186-5 Almoon ?= 18.76 ¢ learth = Sloot Aleath = 113.498 Smoon M i= Alegrthlbm MS.113,498lbm Ans. Wimoon = M: moon B.767IbE = Ams. O0dolt T 114 cost = =20dollars jg Ltr costeleg = SGollars. 19 ht row 100k day Whe day 4 dollars costhuty = 18.262 Solas costelgg = 25.567 Solar yF yr goo dollars COSttotal *= COStbulb + COSteIee o “Ans. 11S Ds 125k mass == 250lbm gis 2.169% § Patm i= 30.12in_Hg A= 120787(2) F = PainrA + mase-g Ans. (b) Paps ae Paks + Ans. A (© Ale 17 Work = Fal APE := mass-g-Al 1.16 D:= 047m mass = 150kg Pot ‘= 101.57kPa Asp (a) F 2 Paige A + mass-g FS1900%10'N Ans. F 2 ()Pabs == Paps = 110! Ans, © Al:=0.83m Work := F-Al Work = 15,8481) Ans. AEp := mass-g-Al D2k7 Ans. 1.18, mass := 1250kg Eg six 10s Ans. Wotk =F 10°kJ Ans. 119 Weot = M2S-8-Ah 9 91.9.9 time Wdot 00W Wdot dot = ———> g-Ah-0.91-0.92Chapter 2 - Section A - Mathcad Solutions 24 (@) | Myp= 35-kg ze Sem Work := My-g-Az Work:= 1715} Ans. (b) AU total = Work AUsoigh = LTISKI Ans. (©) By Eqs. (2.14) and (2.21): dU + d(PV) = Cp-dT Since P is constant, this can be written: Miz0-Cp-d? = Myo-dU + Mypo:P-dV Take Cp and V constant and integrate: My2o-Cp-(t2~ t1) = AU total 25-kg O-deg’ AUrotal ~— ty = 20,02degC Ans. Miz0-Cp (d) For the restoration process, the change in internal energy is equal but of opposite sign to that of the initial process. Thus S1715k) Ans. Q = AU otal Q © In all cases the total internal energy change of the universe is zero. 2.2. Similar to Pb, 2.1 with mass of water = 30 kg. Answers ar @) W=3.43 kt (b) Internal energy change of the water = 2.86 kJ (©) Final temp. = 20.027 deg C (@) Q=-2.86 kd 52.4 The electric power supplied to the motor must equal the work done by the motor plus the heat generated by the motor. 9.7amp E:= ov Wdotmech = 1-25hp Weotelect = hE Wetecg = 1.067 10° W Qdot := Wdotelect ~ Wdotimoch Qdot £134.875W Ans. 2.5 Eq. (2.3): AU'= Q+W Step 1t02: AUty := -200) Wyo := -60003 Qi2 == AUY—Wi2 Qi $8109 Ans, Step 3 t0 4: Ans. Step 1 to 2 to 3 to 4 to 1: Since AU' isa state function, AU' for a series of steps that leads back to the initial state must be zero. Therefore, the sum of the AU' values for all of the steps must sum to zero. AUtyy = 4700) AUty3 = ~AUty2 - AUEsy- ALLY, AUg; = 40007 Ans. Step2to3: AUtp3=-4% 10°F Qo3 = -38003 Ans. Wo3 = AUQ3- Qos Wha = 5200" For a series of steps, the total work done is the sum of the work done for each step.Wat := W134i - Wi2 — W23 ~ W34. Step 4 tot: AUty == 47001 Qat = AUtg) - War Ans, Note: Qu23a1 = -Wi2341 241 The enthalpy change of the water = work done. M := 20:kg q 4.18 id ‘At := 10-degC ‘ ee eg dest M-Cp-At eS Ans, Wdot 2.12 Qs 75k —12KI W:= AU-Q i J Ans, AU ss -12-40 Q= AU Ans, 2.13. Subscripts: e, casting; w, water; t, tank. Then me AUy + My-AUy + mrAU, = 0 Let C represent specific heat, C= Cpecy Then by Eq. (2.18) meCerAty + My-Cw Aty + meCr At kg my = 40k my = Skg 50: ia Cte 05 te = 500-degC ty = 25-degC ty :=30degC (guess) Given =meCer(t2- te) = (my-Cw + meC)-(t2- tr) to = Find(t) wy SR7TeaeBe Ans. 7215 @ ) © 247 2.18 (a) (b) mass-g AE := AUt Azi= 50m Di=2m mdot := p-wA Wdot := mdot-g-Az. Wdot. =: ur = 7620-8 kg. Hy Ur +P Uo = 27844 kg Hg = Ug + P2-V2 ‘Aus 0022.44 ee cy = 4 AUt = mass-Cy-AT gk AEp := AUt AULA 4 180 Ans. 291433" Ans, 3 > 3 Az "Dp? A=3.42m 4 mndot = 1.571 x 10882 3 L697 1OKW Aus. Py = 1002.7-kPa Vy ene Hy #76313 b—— Ans. Tae a Po = 1500-kPa V2 = 169.7. gm AU :2 U2- Uj AH = HQ-Hy Ans, OH 2275.3 Ans.222 Di Sem. uy m 5 Dz = Sem (a) Foran incompressible fluid, mdot = constant = u,A4p = uyA,9. stant, By a mass balance, (b) 2.23 Energy balance: mdots-H3 — (mdoty-H + mdotz-H2) = Qdot Mass balance: mdot3 — mdot; ~ mdotz = 0 Therefore: mdoty-(H3 ~ Hr) + mdoty-(H3 - Ha) = Qdot or mdot-Cp-(T3 - T1) + mdoty-Cp-(T3 ~ T2) = Qdot T3Cp-(mdoty + mdotg) = Qdot + mdoty-Cp:Ty + mdoty-Cp-T2 Sdeg® —mdoty = 0.882 Ty = 75degC s 1g kg-K Qdot + mdot;-Cp-T; + mdotz-Cp-T2 ‘ty WWD238degC Ans. fmdoty + mdot)Cp a 43.295 deEC 2 2.25 By Eq. (2.32): AH+ x By contim eu incompressibility eieinltaSDp = 3.8m AT S.0.019degC Ans. ATE 0023degC Ans. 226 Ty = 300K T2:= 520K w= 10 5 Wsdot = 98.8kW —ndot = soit AH := Cp(T,-T1) AH = 6.402 109 Kemal By Bq. 2.30): a ye) Qdot = | AH + oe +) no ndot - Wsdot Qdot =+9.904kW Ans. 2.27 By Eq. (2.32b): also By continunity, ee eee uy = up constant area T Pe atts cpar = LR(t—1) 10Given ZR (T-T)) T2 *= Find(T2) ‘Ty = 578-821 rankine Ans, (119.15-degF) KI up = 200-2 Hy = 3492 Hb = mse 8 B es 2.28 uy aaa uy? — uy By Eq. (2.32a: Q:= Ha-Hi + Ans. Hyp 31125- kg (guess) By Eq. (2.32a): Given Ho =Hy ug := Find(uy) uyes7R36% Ans. Sg 3 3 Vy = 388.61 om ap V2 Continuity: D2 := Dy wv " Ans.230(a) ty = 30-degC ty = 250-degC -mol J Cv i 208 By Eq. (2.19): Q:= n-Cy-(t2-t) Q=13738kI Ans. ‘Take into account the heat capacity of the vessel; then 100-kg, cy = 05+ i. kg-degc (my-cy + n-Cy)-(2- 11) Q= 1101410 Ans. © 00-dege ty = 40edegC n= 4emol Cp = 29.1 _ mol-degC By Eq. (2.23): Q:= mCp-(.-ty) 18.62k] Ans, 231 (a) t = 70-deg? tz = 350-degF 3-mol BIU es 5 By Eq. (2.19): V = Se deg? by Eq. (2.19): Qe nCy(t2-ty) Q=4200BTU Ans. Take account of the heat eapacity of the vessel: BTU ay == 200+ Ib = 0.12-———— ey ~ Bardeu? Qs (myey +n-Cy)-(t2-11) O920BTU Ans. (b) ty = 400-degF tz = 150-degF = 4-mol BIU Cp = By Eq. (2.23): aan ty Bq. (2.23): Qs Cp(ty -t1) Ans.2.33 Hy = 1322.6—— Ha == 1148, oe up ot Tb Tbs s a 8° Vy = 3.058-—— Vo= 7814 y= Bin Dy 10in ibm Ib En? yor 4 Ib rade a ndot = 3.463 « 10° M u2= n997 see 22 =u Fg, (2.328): Wy := Hp-H) +2 W, = -173.99 BTU 2 Ib Wot :=-Wemdot Wat 2:39.52 hp Ans. BTU BTU ft gm 234 Hp 3075 — Hy = 330 2520-5 — molwe:= 4482 : ae ge eee mmol a 3 f f Vp 9255. Vy = 0.28 Dps4in Dz Tein 1 pe 7 nin Da dot = 679.2632 br We = 5360. BEY ibmol Ws Q = 98.9 BU mohwt Ibm 5g ATU Qdot := mdor-Q —Qdol, = =67128——= Ans. 132.37 kg. bar n = 34.602mol 28.9.2 mol Vy = 24942 ‘mol Whence —nP-2V4 Ans. V2 Given: Tee Tye = Tr3 Whence Tp := 3-Ty 1 Cp = 29-ioule AMs=Cp(T2-T1) A= I Ans. molK PoP Q:=0AH QS 602,081) Ans. QeW AU ss n Work exactly like Ex. 2.10: 2 steps, (a) & (b). A value is required for PV/T, namely R. J Ty = 293.15-K 333.15-K molK P} = 1000-kPa Pp = 100-kPa R 8.314 (a) Cool at const VI to P2 (b) Heat at const P2 to T2 cy=2R fe Tasty Ta = 29315K ATp:=T2-Tag ATp = 303.835K AT,:=Ty-Ty AT, = -263.835K 14