TT 4113 SISTEM KOMUNIKASI SELULER

Modul 1 Pendahuluan

Jurusan Teknik Elektro IT TTelkom 2008

Agenda
Detail Mata Kuliah. Grading Penilaian. Silabus dan SA. Wireless Communication. Simplex Communication. What is Mobility. Pengertian Nirkabel.

Modul 1 Pendahuluan

Obyektif Pengajaran
Siswa mengetahui tujuan pembelajaran sistem komunikasi seluler Siswa mengetahui organisasi pengajaran sistem komunikasi seluler Siswa mengetahui metodologi pengajaran, dan cara penilaian yang dilakukan Siswa mengetahui garis-garis besar perkembangan sistem komunikasi seluler , terminologi-termonologi dasar

Modul 1 Pendahuluan

1. Detail Matakuliah
SISTEM KOMUNIKASI SELULER (kode TT 4113) Dosen semester ini (diupdate setiap semester) :
No 1

Dosen
Ali Muayyadi

Jadwal mengajar

2
3 4 5

Miftadi SudjaI
Uke Kurniawan Sofia Naning Hertiana Rina Puji Astuti

Teksbook yang direkomendasikan:

1.

Theodore Rappaport, Wireless Communications: Principles and Practice, Second Edition, Prentice Hall, December 2001.

Modul 1 Pendahuluan

Silabus 40 Kata

Penjelasan mengenai pengenalan sistem selular, Arsitektur, Konsep dasar selular meliputi : Frequency reuse, Handoff, Teknik akses jamak, Model kanal propagasi, Network subsystem, Layering dan manajemen komunikasi, Interferensi, Analisis trafik dan kapasitas jaringan selular, serta perencanaan jaringan seluler. Bahasan kasus standar terutama untuk 2G,3G, WiMAX, konsep 4G.

Modul 1 Pendahuluan

3. Silabus dan SAP (1/5)

Sub Pokok Bahasan
a. Pengenalan Silabus b. Pendahuluan (sejarah, overview standar seluler)

Minggu Pokok Bahasan ke

1 Pendahuluan

a. Arsitektur dan komponen jaringan. Konsep dasar seluler b. Frekuensi re-use,hand-off c. modulasi, mutiple akses. a. Path Loss Model b. Model Okumura-Hata c.Model COST231 d.Model Walfish Ikegami e. Model Lee

Large Scale Fading: Model prediksi redaman propagasi

Modul 1 Pendahuluan

Silabus dan SAP (2/5)

4 Small Scale Fading: Multipath Small Scale Fading

Small Scale Fading: Doppler shift

Teknik-teknik Fading Mitigation Cell site design dan RF sub-system dan implementasinya

Small Scale Fading a. Diversity b. Channel coding c. Equalization a. Struktur sistem transceiver b. Link budget c. Kriteria performansi

Materi modul 1 7 : Bahan UTS

Modul 1 Pendahuluan

Silabus dan SAP (3/5)

Protokol dan 8 manajemen komunikasi

a. Konsep rekayasa protokol pada air interface b. Radio Resource Mgt c. Mobility Management d. Studi Kasus : GSM, CMA2000

Interferensi dan 9 kapasitas sistem seluler

a. Interferensi b. Kapasitas

10 Teletraffic

a. Model & Jenis Trafik SKB

Modul 1 Pendahuluan

Silabus dan SAP (5/5)

Standar GSM/GPRS dan 11 karakteristik utamanya Standar 3G ( W-CDMA & 12 CDMA 2000) dan karakteristik utamanya 13 Future Development Perencanaan jaringan 14 seluler a. Band frekuensi, modulasi b. Evolusi GSM (GPRS,EDGE)

a. Band frekuensi, modulasi b. Evolusi seluler menuju 3G

a. WiFi c. 3Gb

b.WiMax d.4G

Desain jaringan seluler dg studi kasus 3G:link budget, coverage, capacity

Materi modul 8 14 : Bahan UAS

Modul 1 Pendahuluan

10

Referensi
1. Rappaport, Theodore S, Wireless Communication : Principles and Practice, Prentice Hall, 2002 2. Vijay K Garg, Wireless Network Evolution : 2G to 3G , Prentice Hall , 2002 3. SMITH, Clint & Daniel Collins. 3 G wireless networks . McGraw Hill, 2002

Modul 1 Pendahuluan

11

2. Grading Penilaian
Komponen penilaian

Ujian Tengah Semester Ujian Akhir Semester Quiz / Tugas / PR

: 35% : 45% : 20%

Modul 1 Pendahuluan

12

4. Wireless Communication
Transmisis suara dan data menggunakan gelombang elektromagnetik menuju ruang bebas Gelombang elektromagnetik

Kecepatan cahaya (c = 3x108 m/s) Memiliki frekuensi (f) dan panjang gelombang (l)

c=fxl

Penggunaan frekuensi lebih tinggi umumnya medium meredam lebih besar

Modul 1 Pendahuluan

13
104

Spektrum frekuensi
102 100 10-2 10-4 10-6 10-8 10-10 10-12 10-14 10-16

Radio Spectrum
104 106 108

Micro IR wave
1012 1014

UV

X-Rays

Cosmic Rays
1022 1024

1010

1016

1018

1020

1MHz ==100m 100MHz ==1m 10GHz ==1cm

Visible light

< 30 KHz 30-300KHz 300KHz 3MHz 3 MHz 30MHz 30MHz 300MHz 300 MHz 3GHz 3-30GHz > 30 GHz

VLF LF MF HF VHF UHF SHF EHF

Modul 1 Pendahuluan

14

Contoh : panjang gelombang

GSM :

Frekuensi ~= 900 Mhz Panjang gelombang ~= 33cm Frekuensi ~= 1.8 Ghz Panjang gelombang ~= 17.5 cm

PCS

Bluetooth:

Frekuensi ~= 2.4Gz Panjang gelombang ~= 12.5cm

Modul 1 Pendahuluan

15

Frequency Carrier/Kanal
Informasi yang dikirim menuju receiver dilewatkan pada band frekuensi tertentu.

Disebut sebagai kanal (channel)

Tiap kanal memiliki bandwidth yang tetap (dalam KHz) dan kapasitas (bit-rate) Band frekuensi yang berbeda (atau kanal) dapat digunakan untuk mentransmisikan informasi secara paralel dan independen (konsep multiple access).

Modul 1 Pendahuluan

16

Example

Assume a spectrum of 90KHz is allocated over a base frequency b for communication between stations A and B Assume each channel occupies 30KHz. There are 3 channels Each channel is simplex (Transmission occurs in one way) For full duplex communication: Use two different channels (front and reverse channels) Use time division in a channel

Channel 1 (b - b+30) Station A Channel 2 (b+30 - b+60) Channel 3 (b+60 - b+90) Station B

Modul 1 Pendahuluan

17

5. Simplex Communication
Normally, on a channel, a station can transmit only in one way.

This is called simplex transmision

To enable two-way communication (called fullduplex communication)

We can use Frequency Division Multiplexing We can use Time Division Multiplexing

Modul 1 Pendahuluan

18

Duplex Communication - FDD

FDD: Frequency Division Duplex

Mobile Terminal M

Forward Channel Reverse Channel

Base Station B

Forward Channel and Reverse Channel use different frequency bands

Modul 1 Pendahuluan

19

Duplex Communication - TDD

TDD: Time Division Duplex

Mobile Terminal M

Base Station B

A singe frequency channel is used. The channel is divided into time slots. Mobile station and base station transmits on the time slots alternately.

Modul 1 Pendahuluan

20

Example - Frequency Spectrum Allocation in U.S. Cellular Radio Service

Reverse Channel
991 992

Forward Channel
799 991 992

1023

1023

799

824-849 MHz Channel Number Reverse Channel 1 <=N <= 799 991 <= N <= 1023

869-894 MHz Center Frequency (MHz) 0.030N + 825.0 0.030(N-1023) + 825.0

Forward Channel 1 <=N <= 799 0.030N + 870.0 991 <= N <= 1023 0.030(N-1023) + 870.0 (Channels 800-990 are unused) Channel bandwidth is 45 MHz
Modul 1 Pendahuluan

21

6. What is Mobility
Initially Internet and Telephone Networks is designed assuming the user terminals are static

No change of location during a call/connection A user terminals accesses the network always from a fixed location

Mobility and portability

Portability means changing point of attachment to the network offline Mobility means changing point of attachment to the network online

Modul 1 Pendahuluan

22

Degrees of Mobility
Walking Users

Low speed Small roaming area Usually uses high-bandwith/low-latency access

Vehicles

High speeds Large roaming area Usually uses low-bandwidth/high-latency access Uses sophisticated terminal equipment (cell phones)

Modul 1 Pendahuluan

23

What is Mobility
Initially Internet and Telephone Networks is designed assuming the user terminals are static

No change of location during a call/connection A user terminals accesses the network always from a fixed location

Mobility and portability

Portability means changing point of attachment to the network offline Mobility means changing point of attachment to the network online

Modul 1 Pendahuluan

24

Degrees of Mobility
Walking Users

Low speed Small roaming area Usually uses high-bandwith/low-latency access

Vehicles

High speeds Large roaming area Usually uses low-bandwidth/high-latency access Uses sophisticated terminal equipment (cell phones)

Modul 1 Pendahuluan

25

The Need for Wireless/Mobile Networking Demand for Ubiquitous Computing

Anywhere, anytime computing and communication

You dont have to go to the lab to check your email Focus on the task and life, not on the computer Use computers seamlessly to help you and to make your life more easier. Adapt to the current location, discover services

Pushing the computers more into background

Computers should be location aware

Modul 1 Pendahuluan

26

Pengertian Nirkabel
Sistem Komunikasi menggunakan frekuensi/spektrum radio, yang memungkinkan transmisi (pengiriman/penerimaan) informasi (suara, data, gambar, video) tanpa koneksi fisik Dibedakan dari sistem transmisi yang memerlukan koneksi fisik, seperti kabel/kawat tembaga atau fiber optik Bersifat tetap (fixed) atau bergerak (mobile) Dibatasi oleh ketersediaan spektrum (pita frekuensi), karena adanya interferensi (saling mengganggu) jika digunakan bersama

Modul 1 Pendahuluan

27

Komunikasi Nirkabel
Dapat dilakukan dimana saja (mobile) Bisa bersifat lebih personal Dibatasi oleh sifat antarmuka terminal:

Layar kecil (ponsel) sampai menengah (laptop) Tombol terbatas Daya terbatas

Modul 1 Pendahuluan

28

Pemanfaatan Teknologi Nirkabel

Layanan Bersifat tetap (fixed):

Penggunaan sekitar rumah (Cordless-DECT) Sambungan lokal (wireless local loop-WLL) Bluetooth: jarak pendek, kecepatan rendah WiFi: jarang menengah, kecepatan cukup tinggi WIMAX: jarak jauh, kecepatan tinggi Satellite: jangkauan luas, kecepatan menengah RFID: jangkauan sangat kecil Limited Mobility (Flexi) Cellular (GSM, CDMA, 3G) Satellite (GMPCS)

Layanan Bersifat bergerak (mobile):

Modul 1 Pendahuluan

29

Berbagai Teknologi Nirkabel

Degree of mobility

Driving

UMTS

CDMA GSM GPRS

Systems beyond 3G >2010

UMTS

Walking

HSDPA EDGE EV-DO EV-DV FlashOFDM (802.20) WLAN (IEEE 802.11x) 1 10 IEEE 802.16a,d 100 Mbps IEEE 802.16e

Standing

DECT BlueTooth 0.1

User data rate

Modul 1 Pendahuluan

30

Standard Nirkabel
IEEE 802.15.4 (Zigbee Alliance)

IEEE 802.21, IEEE 802.18 802.19

Sensors (BAN) RAN

RFID (AutoID Center)

BAN: Body Area Network

IEEE 802.22

WAN
3GPP (GPRS/UMTS) 3GPP2 (1X--/CDMA2000) GSMA, OMA

IEEE 802.20 IEEE 802.16e

IEEE 802.16d WiMAX

IEEE 802.11 Wi-Fi Alliance IEEE 802.15.3 UWB, Bluetooth Wi-Media, BTSIG, MBOA

MAN LAN
PAN

ETSI HiperMAN & HIPERACCESS

ETSI-BRAN HiperLAN2

ETSI HiperPAN

Modul 1 Pendahuluan

31

System Evolution Scenario

st Generation 1 Generation

(Cellular) Analog voice

2nd Generation Digital voice & Low rate data

3rd Generation

4th Generation ALL-IP Broadband Voice & High speed Ubiquitous & Seamless data

Multimedia
1000 WLAN+ 802.11n, etc. 100 WLAN 802.11a,HiSWANa, UWB, etc. HIPERLAN2, etc. 3G+ Nomadic HSDPA, 3G Bluetooth, etc. W-CDMA, Cdma2000, etc. Local
WiMAX

WLAN++

Maximum transmission rate

4G

Modul 1 Pendahuluan

TRmax Mbps

10

cdma2000(3X), etc. 1

0.1 Mobile 0.01

2G+ PDC,GSM,PHS, etc.

2G PDC,GSM,PHS, etc. 1990 1995

2000

2005

2010

2015

Year

32

GSM Evolution

GSM CS Up to 9,6 Kbps

GSM GPRS Up to 115 kbps

UMTS Up to 2 Mbps or 384 in mobility

2G

GSM HSCSD Up to 38,4 kbps

3G 2.5G

EDGE
Operators prefer choose direct going to GPRS technology rather than going to GSM HSCSD technology because no HSCSD handset availability and short time stage
Modul 1 Pendahuluan

33

CDMA Standards Evolution

IS-95A CDMA Voice, packet9.6/14.4 Kbps

IS-95B CDMA Voice, packet64 Kbps

IS-2000 1X 144 Kbps 600 Kbps peak

IS-2000 1XEV-DO 600 Kbps; 2.4 Kbps peak IS-2000 1XEV-DV 2-5 Mbps peak

All IP

Source: CDMA2000-A world view

Modul 1 Pendahuluan

34

IMT-2000 (Family of Standards)

IMT-2000 Terrestrial Radio Interfaces

IMT-2000 CDMA Direct Spread WCDMA (UMTS)

IMT-2000 CDMA Multi Carrier CDMA2000 1X and 3X

IMT-2000 CDMA TDD UTRA TDD And TD-SCDMA

IMT-2000 TDMA Single Carrier UWC-136/ EDGE

IMT-2000 FDMA/ TDMA DECT

CDMA
Modul 1 Pendahuluan

TDMA

FDMA

35

Berbagai jenis Content & Aplikasi

Modul 1 Pendahuluan

36

Intermezzo

Dengan teknologi tidur nirkabel, yang kirim email dan fax dalam mimpiku, bisa kirim juga ke orang-orang dalam mimpimu, sayang
Modul 1 Pendahuluan