10.

5 Spectroscopy and the Electromagnetic Spectrum

The electromagnetic spectrum covers a continuous range of wavelengths and frequencies, from radio waves at the low-frequency end to gamma () rays at the high-frequency end

10.6 Infrared Spectroscopy

Infrared (IR) region Ranges from 7.8 x 10-7 m to 10-4 m

2.5 x 10-6 m to 2.5 x 10-5 m used by organic chemists

Wavelengths given in micrometers (1 m = 10-6 m) Frequencies given in wavenumbers Wavenumber Reciprocal of wavelength in centimeters Expressed in units of cm-1

Infrared Spectroscopy
Molecules stretch or bend at specific frequencies
Energy is absorbed if the frequency of the radiation

matches the frequency of the vibration

IR spectrum What molecular motions? What functional groups?

10.7 Interpreting Infrared Spectra

Most functional groups have characteristic IR absorption bands that dont change from one compound to another

Interpreting Infrared Spectra

Fig. 13-5, p. 509

Fig. 13-6, p. 510

Fig. 13-7, p. 510

Fig. 13-9, p. 512

Fig. 13-10, p. 513

Fig. 13-11, p. 513

Fig. 13-12, p. 514

Fig. 13-13, p. 515

Table 13-2, p. 522

Fig. 13-8, p. 511

Fig. 13-15, p. 523

Fig. 13-18, p. 526

Fig. 13-19, p. 527

Fig. 13-20, p. 528

Infrared Spectra of Some Common Functional Groups

Characteristic aldehyde and ketone IR absorptions

Infrared Spectra of Some Common Functional Groups

Characteristic ester IR absorptions

Fig. 13-22, p. 529