Properties of Sound Waves 10 20 30 40

The Doppler Effect 10 20 30 40

Intensity and dB 10 20 30 40

Resonance Dopplers and more 10 20 30 40

Surprise!

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Question 1 - 10
Why are sound waves in air characterized as longitudinal?

Answer 1 10
Air molecules vibrate in a direction parallel to the direction of wave motion

Question 1 - 20
Why do ultrasound waves produce images of objects inside the body more effectively than audible sound waves do?

Answer 1 20
Their short wavelengths can image small objects

Question 1 - 30
What are the differences between infrasonic, audible, and ultrasonic sound waves?

Answer 1 30
Infrasonic: below 20HZ, audible: between 20 and 20,000HZ, ultrasonic: above 20,000

Question 1 - 40
Explain why the speed of sound depends on the temperature of the medium. Why is this temperature dependence more noticeable in a gas than in a solid or liquid?

Answer 1 40
Molecules that have more motion (higher temperature) can transfer their vibrations more easily. This is less noticeable in liquids and solids b/c the particles are closer together.

Question 1 - 50
When can wave fronts be approximated by plane waves?

Answer 1 50
When they are far from the source (relative to the wavelength)

Question 2 - 10
What is the relationship between frequency and pitch?

Answer 2 10
A greater frequency is perceived as a higher pitch

Question 2 - 20
You are at a street corner and hear an ambulance siren. Without looking, how can you tell when the ambulance passes by?

Answer 2 20
The sirens pitch will drop

Question 2 - 30
What is the difference between frequency and pitch?

Answer 2 30
F is an objective measure of the rate of particle vibration. Pitch is a subjective quality that depends on the listener

Question 2 - 40
A bat flying toward a wall emits a chirp at 40kHz. Is the frequency of the sound received by the bat greater than, less than, or equal to 40 kHz?

Answer 2 40
Greater than 40 kHz

Question 2 - 50
A fire engine is moving at 40m/s and sounding its horn. A car in front of the fire engine is moving at 30 m/s, and a van in front of the car is stationary. Which observer hears the fire engines horn at a higher pitch, the driver of the car or the driver of the van?

Answer 2 50
Van, relative motion is greater between fire engine and van

Question 3 - 10
What is the difference between intensity and decibel level?

Answer 3 10
Intensity is power per area, decibel level is a measure of relative intensity

Question 3 - 20
Why is the intensity of an echo less than that of the original sound?

Answer 3 20
Intensity decreases with distance and the sound has traveled from the source to a reflecting surface and back

Question 3 - 30
The decibel level of an orchestra is 90 dB, and a single violin achieves a level of 70dB. How does the sound intensity from the full orchestra compare with that from the violin alone?

Answer 3 30
The sound intensity from the orchestra is 100 times that from the violin

Question 3 - 40
A noisy machine in a factory produces a decibel level of 80dB. How many identical machines could you add to the factory without exceeding the 90dB limit set by federal regulations?

Answer 3 40
9 more (increase by adding 10 for dB)

Question 3 - 50
The intensity of a sound wave increases by 1000 w/m^2. What is this increase equal to in dB?

Answer 3 50
30

Question 4 - 10
Under what conditions does resonance occur?

Answer 4 10
When a forced vibration is the same as the natural frequency of a vibrating system

Question 4 - 20
Why are pushes given to a playground swing more effective if they are given at certain, regular intervals than if they are given at random positions in a swings cycle?

Answer 4 20
The swings amplitude is maximized when the pushes match the swings natural frequency

Question 4 - 30
Although soldiers are usually required to march together in step, they must break their march when crossing a bridge. Explain the possible danger of crossing a rickety bridge without taking this precaution.

Answer 4 30
Vibrations could set the bridge in motion if they match one of the bridges natural frequencies

Question 4 - 40
The Doppler effect occurs in all but which of the following situations? A) a source of sound moves toward a listener, b) a listener moves toward a source of sound, c) a listener and a source of sound remain at rest with respect to each other, or d) a listener and a source of sound move toward or away from each other?

Answer 4 40
C

Question 4 - 50
Dolphin echolocation is similar to ultrasound. Reflected sound waves allow a dolphin to form an image of the object that reflected the waves. Dolphins can produce sound waves with frequencies ranging from 0.25kHz to 220 kHz, but only those at the upper end of this spectrum are used in echolocation. Explain why high frequency waves work better than low frequency waves.

Answer 4 50
Higher frequencies function well in echolocation because their relatively short wavelengths are able to detect smaller objects. Longer wavelengths would disperse around small objects

Question 5 - 10
If the wavelength of a sound source is reduced by a factor of 2, what happens to the waves frequency? What happens to its speed?

Answer 5 10
F doubles, speed constant

Question 5 - 20
Sound pulses emitted by a dolphin travel through 20C ocean water at a rate of 1450 m/s. In 20C air, these pulses would travel 342.9m/s. How can you account for this difference in speed?

Answer 5 20
Sound waves travel faster through air because the molecules of water are closer together and, as a result, can spread vibrations more quickly

Question 5 - 30
If a sound seems to be getting louder, which of the following is probably increasing- speed of sound, frequency, wavelength, or intensity?

Answer 5 30
Intensity

Question 5 - 40
When a part of a sound wave travels from air into water, which property of the wave remains unchanged- speed, frequency, wavelength, or amplitude?

Answer 5 40
frequency

Question 5 - 50
If the distance from a point source of sound is tripled, by what factor is the sound intensity changed: 1/9, 1/3, 3, or 9?

Answer 5 50
1/9