Last years CSCOPE Review Unit 11 Sectionalism and Civil War Terms/Definitions: Sectionalism putting a part of the countrys

s interests ahead of the interests of the nation Secession to secede or withdraw from Tariff a tax on imports Emancipation Proclamation executive order freeing the enslaved peoples Nullification the idea that states could ignore federal laws if they did not agree with them Contributing Factors to Sectionalism: Think about the differences between the North & South -slavery as an institution -amount of industry in North -how the land was used in the different parts of the U.S. What was the economy of the North based on? Industry, Manufacturing The South? Agriculture What years did the Civil War span? 1861 to 1865 How did tariff policies contribute to sectionalism? The Southern states were not happy with having to pay taxes on products it imported because it made them more expensive. They felt they should be able to nullify the laws they didnt agree with including the tariffs. What type of economic opportunities did free African Americans have that enslaved ones did not? They were able to work in a number of areas, more importantly they were able to have families and homes. What was a Southern slaveholders view on slavery? It supported their way of life, a way of life that was profitable for a slave owner. John C. Calhoun was an advocate(supporter) of what? Nullification States Rights What was Henry Clays role in American Politics, what did he specifically do to help with the issue of slavery? The Great Compromiser he assisted in the Missouri Compromise, as well as the Compromise of 1850 William Carney Medal of Honor recipient that served in the 54th Massachusetts Colored Infantry

Gettysburg was the turning point of the Civil War because it turned back the Confederate invasion of the North. President Lincolns assassination had what type of affect on the nation? (Think about the reconstruction plan he had) He was going to be easier on the South than what eventually happened under the Radical Republicans What did the Emancipation Proclamation achieve? Freedom for slaves that were in the South. How did Lincoln view the legality of secession? It was illegal for those states to leave the country, they were part of a union of states and should not be allowed to leave. What was the Norths initial reason for fighting the war? To restore the Union to where it was before the South seceded. Was nullification a states right or a national govt right? States right to nullify Federal laws. Neither slavery nor involuntary servitude, except as a punishment for crime whereof the party shall have been duly convicted, shall exist within the United States, or any place subject to their jurisdiction What does this statement mean? It comes from the 13th Amendment what do you think that amendment established or did for our country?

Political Parties Republicans -supported Lincoln in 1860 election -no extension of slavery Democrats -had 2 candidates in 1860 election -individual states should decide the slavery issue Frederick DouglasFormer slave that escaped to freedom in the North Influential leader of the abolitionist movement Convinced govt to allow Af-Americans to fight in army

Order of Secession (CSA)Confederate States of America

State Date of Secession South Carolina December 20, 1860 Mississippi January 9, 1861 Florida January 10, 1861 Alabama January 11, 1861 Georgia January 19, 1861 Louisiana January 26, 1861 Texas February 1, 1861 *Lincoln's Inauguration - March 4th, 1861 *Fort Sumter - April 12th, 1861 - Civil War Begins Virginia April 17, 1861 Arkansas May 6, 1861 North Carolina May 20, 1861 Tennessee June 8, 1861

Important Events of the Civil War

Firing on Fort Sumter April 12-14, 1861 1st Battle of Bull Run July 21, 1861 Battle of Antietam September 17, 1862 Signing of the Emancipation Proclamation September 22, 1861; January 1, 1861 Battle of Gettysburg July 1-3, 1863 Siege of Vicksburg May 18 - July 4, 1863 Lees Surrender at Appomattox April 9, 1865 Assassination of Abraham Lincoln April 14, 1865 (Good Friday)

Civil War Leadership:

President General NORTH Abraham Lincoln Ulysses Grant SOUTH Stephen Douglas Robert E. Lee

Information on:
Date of Civil War Generals Presidents Cause,Reason to Fight Casualties Other Names Capital City Outcome Population Percentage Population Actual Number Manufacturing Ability

North
Began on April 12th, 1861 Ulysses S. Grant Abraham Lincoln Initially to preserve the Union; After Emancipation Proclamation the liberation of enslaved peoples of the South 364,511 Union, Blue, Yankees, United States of America Washington, D.C. Won 70% 22 Million (22,000,000) 85 - 90% 71% 92%

South
Ended on April 9th, 1865 Robert E. Lee Jefferson Davis To preserve the way of life the Southern states had become used to with an enslaved workforce 312,000 Confederacy, Gray, Rebels, Confederate States of America Richmond, VA Lost 30% 9 Million (9,000,000) 10 - 15% 29% 8%

OVERVIEW OF THE CIVIL WAR

The American Civil War was the largest military conflict in the Western world between the Napoleonic Wars and World War I. It cost 600,000 American lives, more than in World War I and World War II combined. Its social consequences were especially far-reaching. The war resulted in the emancipation of four million enslaved African Americans. It also brought vast changes to the nation's financial system, fundamentally altered the relationship between the states and the federal government, and became modern history's first total war. It is truly the central event in American history. This section describes the problems that contributed to the breakup of the Democratic Party in 1860; why Abraham Lincoln's election as president prompted secession; compares and contrasts the strengths and weaknesses of the North and South as the Civil War started as well as the military leaders and strategies of the North and the Confederacy. It also describes the circumstances that led President Lincoln to issue the Emancipation Proclamation; the military history of the war; as well as the dramatic political, economic, and social changes that the war produced.

Summary: The election of a Republican president opposed to the expansion of slavery into the western territories led seven states in the lower South to secede from the Union and to establish the Confederate States of America. After Lincoln notified South Carolinas governor that he intended to resupply Fort Sumter in Charleston Harbor, the Confederacy fired on the installation, leading the President to declare that an insurrection existed in the South. Early in the war, the Union succeeded in blockading Confederate harbors, and by mid-July 1862 it had divided the Confederacy in two by wresting control of Kentucky, Missouri, and much of Tennessee, as well as the Mississippi River. In the Eastern Theater in 1861 and 1862, the Confederacy stopped Union attempts to capture its capital in Richmond, Virginia. In September 1862 (at Antietam in Maryland) and July 1863 (at Gettysburg in Pennsylvania), Robert E. Lee tried and failed to provoke European powers intervention in the war by winning a victory on Northern soil. After futile pleas to the border states to free slaves voluntarily, Lincoln in the summer of 1862 decided that emancipation was a military and political necessity. The Emancipation Proclamation transformed the war from a conflict to save the Union to a war to abolish slavery. It also authorized the enlistment of African Americans. During the war Congress enacted the Homestead Act, which offered free public land to western settlers; and land grants, that supported construction of a transcontinental railroad. The government also raised the tariff, enacted the first income tax, and established a system of federallychartered banks. Consequences: 1. During the war Congress adopted policies that altered American society. The Homestead Act offered free public land to western settlers. Huge land grants supported construction of a transcontinental railroad. The government raised the tariff, imposed new taxes, enacted the first income tax, and established a system of federally-chartered banks. 2. The Union lost about 360,000 troops during the Civil War and the Confederacy about 260,000. This is almost as many soldiers as have died in all other American wars combined. 3. The 13th Amendment, ratified in December 1865, ended slavery in the United States.