7.

5 INSTALLATION OF HIGH-STRENGTH BOLTS

As a nut is turned and advanced along the threads of a bolt, the connected parts undergo compression and bolt elongates. If an external load P is applied , a friction force will develope between the connected parts. The maximum value of this force is: F=N : Coefficient of static friction As long as the static frictional force is not exceeded, there is no bearing or shear. If P>F slippage occurs

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2.7 SLIP-CRITICAL AND BEARING-TYPE CONNECTIONS High strength bolts is classified as Slip-critical connection (No slippage-Friction force must not be exceeded) and Bearing-type connection (Slip is acceptable; shear and bearing occur) The nominal slip resistance of a bolt: Rn= Du hsc Tb Ns : Mean slip coefficient Du :1.13 hsc : Hole factor=1.0 (for standard holes) Tb : Minimum fastener tension Ns : Number of slip planes Slip can be considered either a serviceability limit state or a strength limit state. Shear and bearing must also checked in slip critical connections.

Minimum fastener tension (kN) (8.8) (10.9) M16 91 114 M20 142 179 M22 176 221 M24 205 257 M27 267 334 M30 326 408 M36 475 595 Serviceability limit state: For ASD: =1.50 Strength limit state : For ASD: =1.76 For standard holes always =1.50

2.8 HIGH-STRENGTH BOLTS IN TENSION T=F+N