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Other type of errors have developed by Bowen (2011).

According to this Bowens type of errors, there are phonological processes that will be used to measure pronunciation errors, as follow: 1. Substitution Processes: sound changes where on sound class is replaced for another class of sounds 2. Syllable Structure Processes: Sound changes where sounds or syllables become reduced, omitted, or repeated 3. Assimilation Processes: Sound changes where one sound will start to sound like another, surrounding sound

As it has been earlier explained, the English sounds have difficulties to pronounce by Indonesian learners, therefore one of the major sources of pronunciation errors of Indonesian learners because there are some similar sounds in English vowel and consonant sounds.

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