PROGRAM KREATIVITAS MAHASISWA

PEMANFAATAN DATA SATELITE TERMAL LANDSAT 8 SEBAGAI MONITORING PERSEBARAN SUHU PERMUKAAN LAUT AKIBAT BUANGAN OUTLET PLTU SE-INDONESIA

BIDANG KEGIATAN : PKM-GT

Diusulkan oleh :

UNIVERSITAS DIPONEGORO SEMARANG 2 !"

HALAMAN PENGESAHAN

KATA PENGANTAR Pu#i s$uku% &enulis &an#a'kan keha(i%a' Allah SWT ka%ena a'as li)&ahan %ah)a' (an ka%unia-N$a* ka%$a 'ulis $an+ ,e%#u(ul -Pe)an.aa'an /i'%a Sa'eli'e 0an(sa' 1 se,a+ai Moni'o%in+ Se,a%an Suhu Pe%)ukaan 0au' aki,a' 2uan+an Ai% Ou'la' P0TU seIn(onesia3 ini (a&a' 'e%selesaikan4 Ti(ak lu&a &enulis )en+u5a&kan 'e%i)a kasih ke&a(a D%s4 Guna%(i* MS4A&' selaku (osen &e),i),in+ $an+ 'elah ,e%&e%an ,esa% (ala) 'e%selesain$a ka%$a 'ulis ini4 Penulis )en$a(a%i ,ah6a ka%$a 'ulis ini )asih #auh (a%i se)&u%na4 Oleh ka%ena i'u* k%i'ik (an sa%an $an+ )e),an+un* san+a' &enulis ha%a&kan4 Se)o+a ka%$a 'ulis ini (a&a' ,e%)an.aa' (an )ena),ah &en+e'ahuan (ala) il)u ke(ok'e%an4

Se)a%an+* 1 Ma%e' 2 !"

Penulis

DAFTAR ISI

RINGKASAN Pe),an+unan Pe),an+ki' 0is'%ik Tena+a Ua& 7P0TU8 (i In(onesia )e%u&akan salah sa'u u&a$a un'uk )e)enuhi ke,u'uhan u'a)a )as$a%aka'* $ai'u ke'e%se(iaan lis'%ik4 A(an$a ak'i.i'as P0TU (i 6ila$ah ke&esisi%an akan ,e%&en+a%uh 'e%ha(a& (ina)ika &a%a)e'e% hi(%o-oseano+%a.i4 Hal 'e%se,u' (ise,a,kan ka%ena ak'i.i'as P0TU )en+hasilkan li),ah &anas (an lan+sun+ (i,uan+ ke ,a(an ai%4 Pe),uan+an ai% li),ah se5a%a lan+sun+ (ala) #u)lah ,esa% 'an&a )elalui &%oses &en(in+inan ke 6ila$ah &e%ai%an akan )en+aki,a'kan &e%u,ahan kuali'as &e%ai%an* 'e%u'a)a suhu &e%)ukaan lau' 7SP084 Suhu &e%)ukaan lau' )e)&un$ai ka%ak'e%is'ik $an+ ,e%,e(a (en+an suhu &e%)ukaan 'anah4 Suhu &e%)ukaan lau' (an sa)u(%a )e)&un$ai ka%ak'e%is'ik suhu $an+ ho)o+en se5a%a s&asio 'e)&o%al $an+ (ise,a,kan ka%ena ka&asi'as &anas $an+ ,esa% (an &%oses &en5a)&u%an $an+ e.isien (i la&isan ho)o+en lau' 7Su,%aha)an$a)* 2 984 2e%(asa%kan Non'#i 7!:1;8* suhu &e%)ukaan lau' (i &e%ai%an In(onesia ,e%kisa%

an'a%a 21o/ - 9!o/* na)un &a(a ,e,e%a&a 6ila$ah (i seki'a% &e),uan+an li),ah in(us'%i )au&un &e),an+ki' lis'%ik suhu &e%)ukaan lau' (a&a' )en5a&ai 9;o/4 Salah sa'un$a ka6asan &e%ai%an <e&a%a $an+ (i+unakan se,a+ai 5 o n ' o h o,#ek ka#ian &eneli'ian ka%ena )en+ala)i (a)&ak $an+ 5uku& si+ni.ikan aki,a' a(an$a ai% ,uan+an li),ah (a%i P0TU Tan#un+ <a'i 2 <e&a%a4 Ka%$a 'ulis ini ,e%'u#uan un'uk )e)oni'o%in+ se,a%an suhu &e%)ukaan lau' se5a%a s&asial aki,a' ai% ,uan+an li),ah P0TU (i In(onesia4 In'e+%asi a&likasi &en+in(e%aan #auh (an Sis'e) In.o%)asi Geo+%a.is 7SIG8 (i+unakan un'uk )en5a&ai 'u#uan 'e%se,u'4 Klasi.ikasi 'e%selia 7supervised classification8 (ilakukan 'e%ha(a& 5i'%a sa'eli' 0an(sa' 1 (en+an )en+o&'i)alkan salu%an TIR ! 4 2e%(asa%kan hasil analisis )enun#ukkan ,ah6a suhu &e%)ukaan lau' (i &e%ai%an <e&a%a )en5a&ai 9"o/ &a(a ou'le' P0TU Tan#un+ <a'i 2 <e&a%a (an )e)&un$ai a%ah se,a%an ke ,a%a' (a$a $an+ (i&en+a%uhi oleh an+in 'i)u% (en+an #a%ak =*= k) (a%i ou'le' (an )e)&un$ai suhu &e%)ukaan lau' %a'a-%a'a 9!*!o/4 Se(an+kan 6ila$ah &e%ai%an $an+ 'i(ak 'e%&en+a%uh oleh aki>i'as P0TU Tan#un+ <a'i

2 <e&a%a )e)&un$ai suhu &e%)ukaan lau' %a'a-%a'a 9 4?o/4 PENDAHULUAN

Latar Belakan
Pe),an+unan Pe),an+ki' 0is'%ik Tena+a Ua& 7P0TU8 (i In(onesia )e%u&akan salah sa'u u&a$a un'uk )e)enuhi ke,u'uhan u'a)a )as$a%aka'* $ai'u ke'e%se(iaan lis'%ik4 A(an$a ak'i.i'as P0TU (i 6ila$ah ke&esisi%an akan ,e%&en+a%uh 'e%ha(a& (ina)ika &a%a)e'e% hi(%o-oseano+%a.i4 Hal 'e%se,u' (ise,a,kan ka%ena ak'i.i'as P0TU )en+hasilkan li),ah &anas (an lan+sun+ (i,uan+ ke ,a(an ai%4 Pe),uan+an ai% li),ah se5a%a lan+sun+ (ala) #u)lah ,esa% 'an&a )elalui &%oses &en(in+inan ke 6ila$ah &e%ai%an akan )en+aki,a'kan &e%u,ahan kuali'as &e%ai%an* 'e%u'a)a suhu &e%)ukaan lau' 7SP084 Suhu &e%)ukaan lau' )e)&un$ai ka%ak'e%is'ik $an+ ,e%,e(a (en+an suhu &e%)ukaan 'anah4 Suhu &e%)ukaan lau' (an sa)u(%a )e)&un$ai ka%ak'e%is'ik suhu $an+ ho)o+en se5a%a s&asio 'e)&o%al $an+ (ise,a,kan ka%ena ka&asi'as &anas $an+ ,esa% (an &%oses &en5a)&u%an $an+ e.isien (i la&isan ho)o+en lau' 7Su,%aha)an$a)* 2
o

984 2e%(asa%kan Non'#i 7!:1;8*

o

suhu &e%)ukaan lau' (i &e%ai%an In(onesia ,e%kisa% an'a%a 21 / - 9! /* na)un &a(a ,e,e%a&a 6ila$ah (i seki'a% &e),uan+an li),ah in(us'%i )au&un &e),an+ki' lis'%ik suhu &e%)ukaan lau' (a&a' )en5a&ai 9; /4 Ak'i.i'as P0TU Tan#un+ <a'i 2 $an+ 'e%le'ak (i Desa Tu,anan* Ke5a)a'an Ke),an+* Ka,u&a'en <e&a%a se#ak 'ahun 2 se#ak Tahun 2 = ,e%&o'ensi un'uk )e)&en+a%uhi (ina)ika &a%a)e'e% oseano+%a.i khususn$a suhu &e%)ukaan lau'4 P0TU Tan#un+ <a'i 2 $an+ ,e%o&e%asi = )e),u'uhkan ai% &en(in+in (a%i lau' $an+ (i+unakan se,a+ai &en(in+in kon(eso%4 Ai% lau' $an+ (i+unakan se,a+ai &en(in+in kon(enso% (iali%kan ke),ali ke lau' (en+an suhu %ela'i. 'in++i se,a+ai)ana $an+ 'e%'uan+ (ala) Su%a' Ke&u'usan Men'e%i 0in+kun+an Hi(u& No)o% !1 Tahun 2 !! 'en'an+ I@in Pe),uan+an Ai% 0i),ah Ke 0au' A PT /en'%al <a>a Po6e% 7P0TU Tan#un+ <a'i 2 Uni' 9 (an " <e&a%a84 Ai% ,uan+an li),ah P0TU a'au ai% ,ahan+ ,e%(asa%kan Pe%a'u%an Men'e%i 0in+kun+an Hi(u& 72 :8 a(alah ai% li),ah (a%i su),e% &%oses &en(in+inan $an+ )en++unakan ai% lau' se,a+ai ai% ,aku $an+ (iali%kan sa'u kali le6a' )elalui kon(enso% )enu#u ,a(an ai% B lau'4 Ai% ,ahan+ $an+ )e)&un$ai suhu %ela'i. 'in++i akan )e)&en+a%uhi &e%u,ahan suhu &e%)ukaan lau' (an kes'a,ilan ekosis'e) (i 6ila$ah &e%ai%an seki'a%n$a4
o

T!"!an Ka%$a 'ulis ini ,e%'u#uan un'uk )e)oni'o%in+ se,a%an suhu &e%)ukaan lau' se5a%a s&asial aki,a' ai% ,uan+an li),ah P0TU (i In(onesia (en+an )en+o&'i)alkan
salu%an TIR ! &a(a 5i'%a sa'eli' 0an(sa' 14 0an(sa' 1 O&e%asional 0an( I)a+e% 7O0I8 (an Senso% In.%a)e%ah Te%)al 7TIRS8 'e%(i%i (a%i se,elas ,an( $an+ (isa#ikan &a(a Ta,el !4
Ta,el !4 Ka%ak'e%is'ik /i'%a 0an(sa' 1

0an(sa' 1 O&e%a'ional 0an( I)a+e% 7O0I8 an( The%)al In.%a%e( Senso% 7TIRS8 Su),e%: USGS 72 !98

2an(s 2an( ! - /oas'al ae%osol 2an( 2 - 2lue 2an( 9 - G%een 2an( " - Re( 2an( ? - Nea% In.%a%e( 7NIR8 2an( = - SWIR ! 2an( ; - SWIR 2 2an( 1 - Pan5h%o)a'i5 2an( : - /i%%us 2an( ! - The%)al In.%a%e( 7TIRS8 ! 2an( !! - The%)al In.%a%e( 7TIRS8 2

Wa>elen+'h 7)i5%o)e'e%s8 4"9 - 4"? 4"? - 4?! 4?9 - 4?: 4=" - 4=; 41? - 411 !4?; - !4=? 24!! - 242: 4? - 4=1 !49= - !491 ! 4= - !!4!: !!4? - !24?!

Resolu'ion 7)e'e%s8 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 !? 9 ! !

Man#aat Man.aa' (a%i +a+asan ini $ai'u ki'a ,isa )e)oni'o%in+ as&ek se,a%an suhu &e%)ukaan lau' aki,a' ,uan+an li),ah ou'le' P0TU (i In(onesia (en+an le,ih 5e&a'* )u%ah (an 'e&a'4

GAGASAN
Un'uk saa' ini 'eknolo+i su(ah san+a' ,e%ke),an+ &esa' salah sa'un$a (ala) ,i(an+ Sis'e) In.o%)asi Geo+%a.is 7SIG8 a'au $an+ le,ih (ekenal (en+an &en+in(%aan #a%ak #auh* (isini ki'a (a&a' )e)an.aa'kan &en+in(%aan #a%ak #auh 'e%se,u' se,a+ai ala' )oni'o%in+* 5on'ohn$a se&e%'i )oni'o%in+ &e%u,ahan suhu &e%)ukaan lau'4 Disini ki'a )en5o,a )e)an.aa'kan &en++unaan (a'a sa'eli'e 'e%)al lan(sa' 1 se,a+ai )oni'o%in+ se,a%an suhu &e%)ukaan lau' aki,a' li),ah ,uan+an P0TU (i In(onesia4 Disini ki'a ,isa liha' ka6asan P0TU $an+ a(a (i In(onesia se&e%'i $an+ (isa#ikan &a(a Ta,el 24
Ta,el 24 P0TU (i In(onesia

NAMA P0TU 2ela6an P0TU 2uki' Asa) P0TU G%esik P0TU Mua%a Ka%an+ P0TU Se)a%an+ P0TU Ta%ahan P0TU Asa)-Asa)

0OKASI P%o&insi Su)a'e%a U'a%a P%o&insi Su)a'e%a Sela'an P%o&insi <a6a TC)u% P%o&insi DKI <aka%'a P%o&insi <a6a Ten+ah Ke5a)a'anKa'i,un+* 0a)&un+ Sela'an* 0a)&un+ Desa Asa)-asa)* Ke5a)a'an <o%on+*Ka,u&a'en Tanah 0au'* Kali)an'an Sela'an /ile+on* 2an'en <aka%'a U'a%a* DKI <aka%'a Ke&ulauan Riau*2a'a) Ke5a)a'an Pai'on*Ka,u&a'en P%o,olin++o* <a6a Ti)u% Ke5a)a'an Pai'on*Ka,u&a'en P%o,olin++o* <a6a Ti)u% Ke5a)a'an Pulo Me%ak* Ko'a /ile+on*2an'en Ka,u&a'en 2e%au*Kali)an'an Ti)u% Desa Tu,anan* Ke5a)a'an Ke),an+* Ka,u&a'en <e&a%a

P0TU PT K%aka'au Da$a 0is'%ik P0TU P%iok P0TU Pun++u% P0TU Pai'on S6as'a I P0TU Pai'on S6as'a II P0TU Su%ala$a P0TU 0a'i P0TU Tan#un+ <a'i 2

Di)ana (en+an )en++unakan konse& 'eknolo+i 'e%,a%ukan ini (en+an )en++unakan (a'a

sa'eli'e 'e%)al lan(sa' 1* (a&a' )e)u(ahkan ki'a un'uk )e)oni'o%in+ &e%u,ahan suhu &e%)ukaan lau' ka%ena ki'a 'i(ak ha%us ke la&an+an lan+sun+ )en+in+a' ka6asan P0TU

(i In(onesia ,an$ak (an )en$e,a% (i selu%uh In(onesia4 Sehin++a hal ini (a&a' )e)u(ahkan (ala) e.isiensi 6ak'u (an ,ia$a 4 Den+an hasil 'e%se,u' ki'a ,isa lan+sun+ )en+e'ahui (ae%ah )ana $an+ 'e%#a(i &e%u,ahan suhu (ia'as a),an+ no%)al (an ,isa lan+sun+ (ilakukan ka#ian le,ih lan#u' oleh &ihak-&ihak 'e%kai'4
Ka%$a 'ulis ini )en5o,a )en+a),il salah sa'u (i 6ila$ah &e%ai%an seki'a% P0TU Tan#un+ <a'i 2 $an+ 'e%le'ak (i Desa Tu,anan* Ke5a)a'an Ke),an+* Ka,u&a'en <e&a%a 7Ga),a% !84 Pe)ilihan lokasi (i(asa%kan &a(a (ae%ah $an+ 'e%&en+a%uh oleh ai% ,ahan+ P0TU Tan#un+ <a'i 2 <e&a%a* ke'e%se(iaan (a'a &%i)e% 5i'%a 0an(sa' 1 &a(a Tan++al 2" <uni 2 !9 (en+an ,a'asan (ae%ah seki'a% P0TU Tan#un+ <a'i 2 <e&a%a $an+ )e)&un$ai koo%(ina' ou'le' P0TU &a(a lin'an+ =D2=E9 491F0S (an ,u#u% !! D"?E 49"F2T4

Ga),a% !4 0okasi P0TU Tan#un+ <a'i 2

DATA DAN METODE

Da'a 5i'%a sa'eli' 0an(sa' 1 (i&e%oleh (a%i USGS 7h''&:BB+lo>is4us+s4 +o>B8 (en+an lokasi &a'h

!=

(an %o6 2" akusisi 2" <uni 2 !94 In'e+%asi a&likasi &en+in(e%aan #auh (an Sis'e) 7SIG8 (i+unakan un'uk )elakukan analisa se,a%an suhu lau' (i lokasi &eneli'ian4 Klasi.ikasi 'e%selia 7supervised classification8

In.o%)asi Geo+%a.is &e%)ukaan

(ilakukan 'e%ha(a& 5i'%a sa'eli' 0an(sa' 1 (en+an )en+o&'i)alkan salu%an TIR ! (en+an &an#an+ +elo),an+ ! 4= - !!4!: ))4 Konversi Nilai Digital ke Nilai Radiasi L G MLQcal H AL I 7!8
G TOA s&e5'%al %a(ian5eB %a(iasi s&e5'%al 7Wa''sB7 ) 4s%a(4J)88 G 2an(-s&esi.ik .ak'o% %es5alin+ &e%kalian (a%i )e'a(a'a G 2an(-s&esi.ik .ak'o% %es5alin+ a(i'i. (a%i )e'a(a'a
2

L ML AL

(i)ana !7RADIAN/EKMU0TK2ANDK! a(alah no)e% ,an(8 * 7RADIAN/EKADDK2ANDK! * (i)ana ! a(alah no)e% ,an(8 Qcal G &%o(uk s'an(a% &iksel $+ (ikuan'isasi (an (ikali,%asi 7DN8

Konversi Nilai Radiasi Ke Suhu Radiasi

Di)ana: T K2 K! L G Te)&e%a'u% (ala) /el5ius G Kons'an'a Kali,%asi 2 7!212*;! Kel>in8 G Kons'an'a Kali,%asi ! 7===* : 6a''s B 7)e'e%24s'e%4L)8

Transformasi Suhu Radiasi Ke Suhu Kinetik 2e%(asa%kan nilai suhu %a(iasi hasil kalkulasi* nilai suhu kine'ik o,#ek (a&a' (ihi'un+

(en+an &e%sa)aan ,e%iku': TRGM Tk4I 798 Di)ana: TR G suhu %a(iasi (ala) /el5ius M G E)isi>i'as* (i)ana (ala) &e%hi'un+an &%ak'is nilai *:? (a&a' (i+unakaan
N

se,a+ai M %a'a-%a'a Tk G suhu kine'ik (ala) /el5ius

Dala) ke+ia'an analisa* (a'a 'e%se,u' (iolah le,ih lan#u' (an (i'a)&ilkan (ala) &e'a sehin++a &e%u,ahan-&e%u,ahan &a%a)e'e% oseano+%a.i $an+ )e)&en+a%uhi &en$e,a%an suhu &e%)ukaan lau' (a&a' (ia)a'i4 Un'uk )eliha' &ola &en$e,a%an suhu &e% )ukaan lau' &e%ai%an Tan#un+ <a'i <e&a%a* )aka (i,ua' kon'u% &e%)ukaan lau' un'uk )eliha' &e%+e%akan suhu (i &e%)ukaan (an a%ah a%us &e%)ukaan4 Da'a suhu &e%)ukaan lau' (ianalisis se5a%a (i+i'al (an >isual4 Analisis (i+i'al (ilakukan &a(a 5i'%a sa'eli' 0an(sa' 1 (an se5a%a >isual (ilakukan 'e%ha(a& &ola (is'%i,usi suhu &e%)ukaan lau' $an+ (i,ua' (ala) ,en'uk &e'a4 Un'uk (a'a 5i'%a sa'eli' 0an(sa' 1 &ena)&akan &e%)ukaan lau' ,e%u&a +a),a% $an+ )ena )&ilkan suhu &e%)ukaan lau' se5a%a #elas (en+an &e),e%ian u%u'an 6a%na 7pallete84 Hasil akhi% (a%i &en+olahan (a'a &en+in(e%aan #auh a(alah &e%&a(uan an'a%a 'a )&ilan 5i'%a se,a%an suhu &e% )ukaan lau' $an+ (ilen+ka&i (en+an nilai kisa%an un'uk se'ia& 6a%na4

HASIL DAN PEMBAHASAN

Da%i hasil &en+olahan 5i'%a 0an(sa' 1 salu%an TIR ! * (a&a' (ianalisa a(an$a se,a%an 'e%)al $an+ ,e%(a)&ak &a(a (ae%ah &e%ai%an seki'a% ka%ena &en+a%uh ai% ,ahan+ (a%i P0TU Tan#un+ <a'i 2 <e&a%a 7Ga),a% 284 Hasil &eneli'ian )enun#ukkan ,ah6a suhu &e%)ukaan lau' (i &e%ai%an <e&a%a )en5a&ai 9" / &a(a ou'le' P0TU Tan#un+ <a'i 2 <e&a%a4 A(an$a an+in 'i)u% )e)&en+a%uhi a%ah se,a%an ke 6ila$ah ,a%a' (a$a se#auh =*= k) (a%i ou'le'4 2e%(asa%kan &eneli'ian $an+ (ilakukan oleh Susia'i* (kk4 72 ! 8 )enun#ukkan ,ah6a &a(a )usi) 'i)u% 7,ulan <uni8 a%ah an+in ,e%+e%ak ke a%ah ,a%a' (en+an in'e%>al ke5e&a'an * ! sa)&ai !* = )B(e'ik4 Selain i'u* 'i(ak a(an$a li)&ahan (a%i outlet $an+ )asuk ke intake )en+aki,a'kan ha)&i% 'i(ak 'e%#a(i %esi%kulasi ai% &en(in+in4 Hal 'e%se,u' $an+ )en$e,a,kan se,a%an ai% ,ahan+ (a&a' )en5a&ai #a%an se#auh =*= k) (a%i ou'le'4
o

Ga),a% 24 /i'%a 0an(sa' 1 TIR ,an( ! (an nilai suhu &e%)ukaan lau'

Wila$ah &e%ai%an $an+ 'e%&en+a%uh ai% ,ahan+ P0TU Tan#un+ <a'i 2 <e&a%a )e)&un$ai kisa%an suhu &e%)ukaan lau' an'a%a 9! / - 99 / (en+an luasan a%ea )en5a&ai 2!*!= k) 4 Se(an+kan 6ila$ah &e%ai%an $an+ 'i(ak 'e%&en+a%uh oleh aki>i'as P0TU Tan#un+ <a'i 2 <e&a%a )e)&un$ai suhu &e%)ukaan lau' an'a%a 2: / - 9 / 7Ga),a% 984 2e%(asa%kan Ke&u'uan Men'e%i Ne+a%a 0in+kun+an Hi(u& No)o% ?! Tahun 2
o o o 2 o o

" 'en'an+ 2aku Mu'u Ai%

0au' )en$e,u'kan ,ah6a kenaikan 'e)&e%a'u% ai% $an+ (i+unakan (ala) &%oses in(us'%i )e)&un$ai ,a'as )aksi)al 2 /4 Oleh ka%ena i'u* &e%lu (ilakukan &en+uku%an lan+sun+ &a(a ,e,e%a&a lokasi un'uk )e)>e%i.ikasi (a'a la&an+an (ika%enakan hasil analisis 5i'%a sa'eli' )enun#ukkan nilai $an+ )ele,ihi ,aku )u'u ai% lau'4

Ga),a% 94 Se,a%an suhu &e%)ukaan lau' (i &e%ai%an seki'a% P0TU Tan#un+ <a'i 2 <e&a%a

KESIMPULAN

Kesi)&ulan (ala) ka%$a 'ulis ini a(alah: !4 Suhu &e%)ukaan lau' (i &e%ai%an <e&a%a )en5a&ai 9"o/ &a(a ou'le' (an se)akin ,e%ku%an+ ke a%ah ,a%a' (a$a se#auh =*= k) (en+an kisa%an suhu 9!o/ - 99o/ (en+an luasan a%ea )en5a&ai 2!*!= k)24 24 Se,a%an suhu &e%)ukaan lau' aki,a' ai% ,ahan+ P0TU Tan#un+ <a'i 2 <e&a%a (i&en+a%uhi oleh a%ah (an ke5e&a'an an+in $an+ )e)&en+a%uhi a%us se%'a 'i(ak a(an$a %esi%kulasi ai% &en(in+in4 94 Pe%lu (ilakukan &en+uku%an la&an+an un'uk )e)>e%i.ikasi hasil

&en+olahan 5i'%a sa'eli' 'e%kai' (en+an ,aku )u'u ai% lau'4

DAFTAR PUSTAKA Non'#i* A4 !:1;4 Laut Nusantara4 D#a),a'an* <aka%'a4 Re&u,lik In(onesia4 2 2 "4 Ke&u'uan Men'e%i Ne+a%a 0in+kun+an Hi(u& No)o% ?! Tahun

" 'en'an+ 2aku Mu'u Ai% 0au'4 <aka%'a4 :4 Pe%a'u%an Men'e%i 0in+kun+an Hi(u& No)o% 1 Tahun 2 :

Re&u,lik In(onesia4 2

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