" "
/
1432 2011 -
"
$
&%
: 5 1
: :
"$"! %('&(*
"&+,-
'%"./
*(0!"1
3".".
0+,
+/+(43(3465(
4 889:. " .
9"<
@51A+.
@>:>9== ?
"( = ./"+6 "+>(6 ?
5+="1. 1 DA5+
"=5$C+'.5
: 5"-'&"E
0 .A1 A A
/"+ G-3
" "
-
-
) (294 ) (247 ) (6
)(241
.%81.9
:
-1 )
(
- .
-2
.
-3 .
-4
.
:
-1
.
-2
.
-3
.
-4
.
Abstract
This study aimed to identify the "role of organizational culture to activate the application
of e- management" in Ministry of Education and Higher Education Gaza's Governorates.
The researcher used the descriptive analytical method, and collected primary data by a
questionnaire, he used Complete Census , and distributed a questionnaire to (294) employees
dealing with the e-management in Ministry of Education and Higher Education Gaza's
governorates, the Response was (247) , and after examining the questionnaires (6) were
excluded because of giving non-fulfillment of the conditions required to answer, and thus the
number of questionnaires under study became (241) questionnaires, in percentage 81.9%.
The study concluded numbers of results, the most important of which are:
1- There are significant statistical relationship between the elements of an organizational
cultural as (organizational values, organizational beliefs, organizational norms, and
organizational expectations) and the activation of the application of e-Management.
It was a positive correlation relationship.
2- Not allowed to employee for accomplishing the work of a particular business decisions
without returning to his immediate supervisor within the work e-Management.
3- Do not honored or motivate staff for excellence in structuring and dissemination of
e-Management in the ministry.
4- Not allowed to staff to participate in the development of systems and mechanisms of
e-Management program they use.
..
+E"
. <""" ..<83.<
4%5 5" 4.@%50. ,.
8I, +.""/
. "
8. . 0% 3
+.+J--."8(
'&&"4.3E"K
%&"+-83K. %%
(%&+.&:% &.M% "L%
- .
"'+E (""
3 &+"' J
'&!&-NJ99'% "%
8+"+
0/P&.5PE9&<
"+%'&J4 /. .,"'"%".J
%:&5'' 9+8$ .
+( " <+E"3J
3
'&%
0"&E
5&E &+E9& .
++EJ+."%9'% "+.
."6
+-++E"+P/9"+ /9
"NJ59& .
"+:+E""Q./"8 J
"&" @: .J'* J"&"
"%" '659& .
"84+5".+E"+ ...+E"+
5 '5"J(<%: J
! ./
-1.1.
-1.2 .
-1.3 .
-1.4 .
-1.5 .
-1.6 .
-1.7 .
:
-2.1 .
-2.2 .
-2.3 .
11
-2.4 .
13
-2.5 .
15
-2.6 .
16
-2.7 .
18
-2.8 .
20
-2.9 .
21
-2.10 .
25
-2.11 .
27
-2.12 .
28
-2.13 .
30
-2.14 .
31
-2.15 .
33
-2.16 .
34
:
-3.1 .
37
-3.2 .
38
-3.3 .
41
-3.4 .
43
-3.5 .
45
-3.6 .
46
-3.7 .
47
-3.8 .
50
-3.9 .
51
-3.10 .
52
-3.11 .
54
-3.12 .
54
-3.13 .
55
-3.14 .
56
-3.15 .
58
-3.16 .
59
-3.17 .
65
:
-4.1 .
69
-4.2 .
69
-4.3 .
77
-4.4 .
89
-4.5 .
93
:
-5.1.
96
-5.2 .
96
-5.3 .
96
-5.4 .
97
-5.5 .
97
-5.6 .
105
:
-6.1 .
107
-6.2 .
112
-6.3 .
148
:
-7.1 .
164
-7.2 .
168
-7.3 .
170
49
60
97
98
99
100
101
102
.
9
103
10
104
11
105
12
107
13
107
14
108
15
108
16
109
17
110
18
110
19
113
20
119
21
125
22
132
23
139
24
140
25
148
26
149
27
150
28
151
29
154
30
155
31
155
32
156
33
157
34
158
35
159
36
160
37
161
38
162
15
16
18
19
20
23
26
27
10
29
11
31
12
33
13
37
14
38
15
40
16
41
17
41
18
42
19
43
20
44
21
46
22
48
23
52
24
53
25
54
26
56
27
57
28
58
29
59
30
62
31
64
32
65
33
67
178
179
-1.1
-1.2
-1.3
-1.4
-1.5
-1.6
-1.7
-1.1 :
)2009.(1
) ( )
(
)2009.(145
)
( )
( )2009.(150
)2004.(644
)2002.(285
:
)2000 .(150
)2009 .(27
) 2003.(1
) (Longm,1987 %10
%90 .
) ( Ewusi-Mensah&Przansaki,1994
.
) (King& Doherty,1998 %60
.
) 2003.(3
.
3
.
. .
.
. )2001.(1
-
) (
) 2009 .(180
.
) 2010.(19
-1.2 :
-1.3 :
: :
.1 .
.2 .
.3 .
.4 .
: .
:
)(1
: . . : 2005 ) (.
-1.4 :
: :
) (0.05
.
:
-1 .
-2 .
-3 .
-4 .
: :
)
(.
-1.5 :
-1 .
-2
.
-3 .
-4
.
-1.6 :
:
-1 :
.
-2 :
.
-3 :
.
-4 :
.
-1.7 :
1994
1996
. 2002
) .(2011
41 22
5 12
5
134 .
19 13 6
.
. 17
) .(2010
-2.1
-2.2
-2.3
-2.4
-2.5
-2.6
-2.7
-2.8
-2.9
-2.10
-2.11
-2.12
-2.13
-2.14
-2.15
-2.16
-2.1 :
P.Druker
) .(1
:
...
) .(1
)2009.(1
-2.2 :
:
:
) (
.
) 1998.(56
9
.
)2000.(151
: .
Sehenn
)2003.(16
wheelen
shermerborn
Kossen
) (
)2005.(311
Gibson
Kurt lewin
.
.
.
)2004 .(328-327
)2008.(373
Shafaritz
10
)2003.(2
Schein
. ......
.
......
.
) 1998.(57
"
" .
-2.3 :
:
-1 :
.
-2 :
11
...
.
-3 :
.
.
-4 :
.
.
)2005 .(40-38
:
-1 :
)
(
.
-2 :
.
12
-3 :
:
- :
.
- : .
- :
.
- :
.
-4 :
.
-5 :
) ( )
( .
)2007 .(31-30
-2.4 :
.
.
)2005.(314
:
-1 :
.
-2 : )
(.
13
-3 :
: .
-4 : .
-5 : .
.
-6 :
:
..)2005 .(216-315
:
-1 : .
-2 : .
-3 : .
-4 : .
-5 : .
.
-6 :
-7 :
)2003.(326
:
-1 : .
-2 : .
-3 : .
-4 :
.
-5 :
.
-6 :
.
-7 : ) (
14
.
-8 : /
.
-9 :
)2004.(328
.
-2.5 :
:
)(3
: . :
. 2008 ) (.
:
-1 :
.
-2 :
.
-3 :
15
.
-4 :
.
-5 :
.
-6 :
)2008.(23
.
-2.6 :
Dension
) .(1
:
)(4
: . .: 2005 ) (.
-1 :
.
16
...)2005.(312
) 1995.(399
.
)2005.(13
-2 :
.
)2005.(312
) 1995.(400
-3 :
.
)2005.(313
.
) 1995.(400
-4 :
.
)2005.(313
17
) 1995.(401
-2.7 :
:
-1 :
.
-2 :
.
-3 :
) 2004.(630
:
)(5
: . .:
2004.631
18
:
-1 .
-2
.
.
-3
-4
)2005.(37
:
-1 .
-2 .
-3 .
-4 .
-5
.
-6 .
-7 .
-8
)2008 .(21-20
:
)(2
: . :
. 2008 ) (.
19
:
-1
.
-2 .
-3
.
-4
) 2006.(61
-2.8 :
:
-1 .
-2 .
-3
)2002 .(292-291
:
)(6
20
:
:
.
:
.
.
.
.
:
)2005 .(37-36
-2.9 :
. :
-1 :
.
-2 :
.
-3 :
.
.
-4 :
.
.
21
-5 :
.
.
-6 :
) 1998 .(63-62
)2008.(56
-7 : Handy
)2008.(56
-8 :
22
)2008.(57
-9 :
)2008.(57
-10 :
)2008.(57
:
)(7
: . :
.
2008 ) (.
23
:
- :
.
- :
.
)2008 .(58-57
:
-1 :
.
-2 :
.
-3 :
.
-4 :
) 2010 .(6-5
24
:
-1 :
.
-2 : .
-3 : .
-2.10 :
.
:
-1 :
.
-2 :
.
-3 :
)2009 .(16-15
:
-1 :
-2 :
25
.
-3 :
Y,X .
-4 :
.
-5 :
.
-6 :
.
-7 :
)2008 .(28-27
:
)(8
: . :
. 2008 ) (.
26
-2.11 :
:
-1 :
.
-2 :
.
-3 :
) 2004 .(338-337
:
-1 .
.
-2 .
-3
.
)2003.(333
:
)(9
:. : .: 2003.338
27
:
-1 : .
-2 : .
-3 :
.
-4 :
)2004.(335
Rue and Byars :
-1 :
.
-2 :
.
-3: .
-4: .
-5 : .
-6 :
-7 :
) 1998 .(62-61
-2.12 :
Bylesetal :
-1 :
.
-2 :
.
-3 :
28
-4 :
.
-5 :
.
-6 :
) 1998 .(61-60
:
)(10
: . . :
)(12) (1 1999 ) (.
Shein
:
-1
.
-2
.
-3
)2008.(76
29
-2.13 :
White
:
-1 :
.
-2 :
.
-3 :
.
-4 :
.
-5 :
.
-6 :
.
-7 :
) 1998 .(60-59
:
-1 :
.
-2 :
30
.
-3 :
)2005 .(320-319
:
)(11
: . . : 2005 ) (.
-2.14 :
-1 :
.
31
-2 :
.
-3 :
.
-4 : .
.
-5 : .
) 2004 .(642-639
-6 :
)2008.(27
32
:
)(12
: . .:
2004 ) (.
-2.15 :
:
-1 .
-2
.
-3
.
-4
.
-5
)2008 .(386-385
Trice & Beyer
:
-1
33
-2 .
-3
.
.
-4 .
-5
.
-6
.
-7
)2009 .(20-19
:
-1 :
.
-2 : /
.
-3 :
.
-4 : .
-5 : .
-6 :
)2004.(336
-2.16 :
Waterman & Peters
.
.
34
. Jay Barney
)2004.(339
)
(
.
)2004.(340
)2004.(340
.
) .(4
35
-3.1
-3.2
-3.3
-3.4
-3.5
-3.6
-3.7
-3.8
-3.9
-3.10 .
-3.11 .
-3.12 .
-3.13 .
-3.14 .
-3.15 .
-3.16 .
-3.17 .
36
-3.1 :
...
:
.
)2004.(3
:
)(13
: . : .: 2004).(130
37
)2008.(276
.
)2009.(5
)2010.(1
.
-3.2 :
:
:
)(14
: . .: 2009).(158
38
)
(
)2005.(22
)EDI2007.(25
)2004.(5
)2009.(25
) 2008.(32
)2009.(3
)2009.(185
) (
)(
)(
)2009.(4
39
.
)2004.(3
:
)2009.(4
:
)(15
:. .: 2004 ).(3
40
-3.3 :
:
)(16
: . .: 2002).(21
-1 :
) 2002.(15
) ( )
( )2009.(59
IBM :
- : .
- :
.
- :
)2004.(46
IBM :
)(17
: . : .: 2004).(49
41
-2 :
) 2008.(87
) 2002.(16
) .(1
:
)(18
: . : .: .2004).(42
-3 :
) 2008.(87
42
.
) .(2
:
)(19
. : .: 2007) (.
-3.4 :
:
-1 :
) (
.
43
-2 :
.
-3 - :
-
) (
)2009 .(233-231
:
)(20
: . .: 2009).(235
44
-3.5 :
:
-1 :
.
-2 :
) (%99
) (%1
)2009 .(187-186
:
-1 .
-2 .
-3 .
-4 .
-5 .
-6
)2009.(219-218
:
-1 : .
-2 : )
(.
-3 : .
-4 -:
.
-5 :
45
-6
)2004 .(152-151
.
-3.6 :
:
)(21
: . .: 2005 ).(24
:
-1 : .
-2: :
- :
.
- :
.
46
-3 :
-4 :
)2005 .(25-23
-3.7 :
:
-1 :
) (
.
-2 : :
- :
.
- :
24 7 .
- :
.
- :
) (15
.
- :
)2009 .(160-159
47
:
-1 :
.
-2 :
)(
-3 :
.
-4 :
.
-5 :
.
-6 :
)2009 .(18-17
:
)(22
: . .
2009 ) (.
48
:
)(1
24 .
49
.
.
: . .
)2009 (9-6 ) (.
-3.8 :
) ( :
-1 :
.
-2 :
..
.
-3 :
.
-4 :
:
:
- :
.
- :
.
- :
.
-5 : :
-
.
50
-
.. .
- "
..
.
- .
- .
- .
-6 : :
- .
- .
- .
- .
-
)2004 .(9-6
-3.9 :
:
-1 :
.
-2 :
.
-3 :
.. .
51
-4 :
.
-5 :
)2004 .(25-22
-3.10 :
:
)(23
: . .: 2005).(222
:
-1 :
.
-2 : .
:
- : .
- : )2005.(222
52
.
:
-1:
.
-2:
.
-3:
.
-4 :
)2005 .(224-223
:
)(24
: . .: 2005).(225
53
-3.11 :
:
-1 :
.
-2 :
.
-3 :
:
.
-4 :
)2005 .(227-226
:
)(25
: . .: 2005 ).(226
-3.12 :
:
-1 .
54
-2 .
-3 .
-4 :
- .
- .
- ) (.
- )2007.(39
-3.13 :
:
-1
-1 .
-2 .
-3 .
-4 .
-5 .
-6
.
-7 .
-8
.
-9
.
-10
.
-11
)2009 .(28-26
55
:
-1 .
-2 .
-3 .
-4 .
-5 .
-6
-7 .
-8 )2004.(4
:
)(26
:. .: 2004 ).(4
-3.14 :
:
-1 .
-2 .
-3 .
-4 .
-5 .
-6 )2003.(19
56
:
-1 :
.
-2 :
.
-3 :
.
-4 :
.
-5 :
.
-6 :
)2005 .(238-234
:
)(27
: . .: 2005).(234
57
-3.15 :
:
-1
.
-2 )
(
-3 .
-4 .
-5
-6 .
-7 .
-8 .
-9
.
-10 .
-11 .
-12 .
-13 .
-14 )2007 .(55-54
:
)(28
: . : .: 2007 ) (.
58
:
-1 .
-2 .
-3
.
-4 .
-5 .
-6
.
-7
.
-8 .
-9 )2007 .(84-83
-3.16 :
-3.16.1 :
:
)(29
: . .: 2009).(298
59
:
-1
.
-2
) ( .
-3
)2009.(297
-3.16.2 :
)2009.(259
)2004 .(251-250
)(2
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
60
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
: .
.
: .
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
: . .: 2009 .312-311
: -1
.
-2
.
-3
.
-4 .
-5
.
-6
)2009.(312
:
-1
.
-2
61
.
-3
.
-4
.
-5
)2009 .(325-315
-3.16.3 :
:
)(30
: . .: 2009).(327
:
-1 :
:
- :
62
- :
.
- : 360
.
-2 :
:
- :
.
.
- :
.
- :
:
-1 .
-2 .
-3 .
-4 .
- :
.
-3 :
63
:
- .
- .
- .
- .
- .
- )2009 .(275-266
-3.16.4 :
)2009 .(283-277
:
)(31
: . .: 2009).(344
64
-3.17 :
:
:
)(32
: . .: 2009).(364
-1 :
. :
- :
.
- :
.
- :
.
- :
65
.
- :
)2009 .(374-358
-2 :
:
- :
.
- : .
- :
- : .
- : .
- : .
- :
)2009 .(387-376
-3 :
.
66
.
)2009 .(393-388
:
)(33
: . .: 2009).(393
-4 : :
- :
.
- :
.
- :
)2009 .(401-394
67
. !"#! -4.1
-4.2("+, ('&. $%
-4.3("+, (. $-./
-4.4("+, . $0123
-4.5( 5%6 7$#/8("+, (. #-+4
68
- 4.1 :
.
:
-4.2 -:
-4.2.1 ) " (2006
: "
. :
.
) ( .
.
:
.
.
.
.
69
-5
.
-4.2.3 )" (2006
"
. :
-1
.
70
-2 .
-3 .
:
-1 .
-2
.
.
:
-1
-2
.
:
-1
.
-2
.
-3
.
-4
.
-5
.
-4.2.6 )" (2007
"
:
-1
.
-2 .
-3 .
-4 .
-5 .
72
:
-1
-2
-3 .
-4 .
-5 .
-6
.
-7
.
-4.2.7 )" (2007
"
:
.
:
-1 .
-2 .
-3 .
-4
.
-5 .
-6 .
-7
.
-4.2.8 )" (2008
"
:
73
-1 .
-2
.
-3 .
-4 .
-5
.
:
-1
.
-2 .
-3 .
-4 .
-5
.
-4.2.9 )" (2008
Paltel "
Paltel . :
-1
.
-2
.
:
-1 .
-2 .
-3
.
74
:
-1 .
-2
.
-3 .
-4 .
-5
.
-4.2.11 ) " (2009 e-HRM
"
:
-1
.
-2 . e-HRM
-3 e-HRM
.
:
-1
75
-2 .
-3
ICT
. e-HRM
-4.2.12 )" (2009
"
. :
-1 .
-2
.
-3 .
-4
.
-5 .
-6
.
-7 .
-8
.
:
-1
-2 .
-3
.
-4 .
-5 .
76
-6
.
-7
.
-4.2.13 )" (2010
"
.
:
-1 .
-2
.
-3
.
-4
.
:
.
-4.3 -:
-4.3.1 ) " (1999 "
:
-1
77
.
-2
.
-3
.
-4
.
-5
.
-6
.
:
-1 .
-2 .
-3 .
-4 .
-5 .
78
-2 .
-3
.
:
-1 .
-2 .
-3
.
-4 .
:
-1 .
-2 .
-3
.
-4
.
:
-1
.
-2
.
-3 .
-2 .
-3 .
-4.3.6 )" (2005 "
.
80
:
.
:
-1
.
-2 .
-3 .
-4 .
-5 .
81
82
-4
.
-5
.
-4.3.10) " (2006
"
:
-1 .
-2 :
.
-3 :
.
:
-1 .
-2
.
-3
.
-4
.
:
-1 .
-2 .
-3 .
-4 .
-5 .
:
-1 .
-2 .
-3
-4
.
-5
.
-4.3.12 ) " (2007 :
"
:
-1
.
-2
.
-3 .
:
-1 .
-2 .
84
-3 .
-4
-5 ) ( .
-4.3.13 ) " (2007
"
:
-1
.
-2
.
:
-1 .
-2 .
-3
.
-4 .
.
-2 .
-3
.
-4 .
-4.3.15 ) " (2008 :
"
:
-1 .
-2 .
-3 .
-4 .
:
-1
.
-2 .
-3 .
-4 .
-5 .
86
-1 .
-2
.
:
-1 .
-2 .
-3 .
-4 .
-5 .
-4.3.17 ) "(2009 "
:
-1 .
-2 .
-3 .
-4 .
-5 .
-6 .
-7 .
-8 .
-9 .
:
-1 .
-2 .
-3 .
-4
.
-5
87
.
-6 .
-4
.
:
-1
.
-2
.
-3 )(
.
-2 .
-3 .
:
-1
.
-2
.
-3
.
-4
.
-4.4 -:
(Hofstede,1998).Attitudes, values and organizational culture: disentangling the -4.4.1
concepts.
:
.
.
89
:
-1 .
-2
.
-3
.
:
-1
.
-2
.
-3
.
(Reddick ,2004) "A two-stage model of e-government growth: Theories and -4.4.4
"empirical evidence for U.S. cities
:
:
:
) (G2C
90
) (G2B ) (G2G
2002
) (G2C ) (G2G ).(G2B
(Gil- Garca & Pardo , 2005) " E-government success factors: Mapping -4.4.5
"practical tools to theoretical foundations
:
:
-1 .
-2 .
-3 .
-4 .
.
-1
.
-2
.
-3 .
91
-4
.
. :
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
92
-4.5 :
) (40 ) (13 ) (19 ) (8
: ) (2009
) (2009 ) (2008 ) (2008 )(2007
) (2007) (2006) (2006
) (2005 ) (2005 ) (2005
) ( 2005Amburgey) (2003 ) (2003Lok & Crawford
(2001
)
(1999
)
) (2000 Ritchie
).(1998Hofstede
:
) (2010 ) (2010 ) (2010 )(2009
) (2009) (2008Maumbe&Owei&Alexander )(2008
) (2008) (2007)(2007
) (2007 ) (2007 ) (2007 )(2007
) (2006 ) (2006 ) (2006 Alharbi ) Gil-
) (2003 ).(2003
:
-1
.
-2
.
93
-3
.
-4
.
-5
.
-6
.
:
-1
.
-2 )
(
.
-3
.
94
-5.1.
-5.2 .
-5.3 .
-5.4 .
-5.5 .
-5.6 .
95
-5.1:
:
.
-5.2 :
-
.
:
-1 :
)(294 - .
-2 :
.
-5.3 :
- ) (294
.
) (247
) (6
) (241 .%81.9
) (30 .
96
-5.4 :
- :
-1 : ) (7.
-2 : ) (61
:
: ) (49
:
- ) (11.
- ) (12.
- ) (13.
- ) (13.
: ) (12.
) (5 ) (1
).(3
)(3
-5.5 :
:
-1 :
) (12
) (1
.
97
-2 :
: : Internal Validity
.
: ) (4
0.816
0.464 = 0.05
.
)(4
)(Sig.
-1
0.464
*0.026
-2
0.688
*0.000
-3
0.657
*0.001
.
-4
0.789
*0.000
.
-5
0.781
*0.000
.
-6
0.649
*0.001
.
-7
0.710
*0.000
.
-8
0.766
*0.000
.
-9
.
98
0.800
*0.000
-10
0.816
*0.000
-11
0.559
*0.006
:
...
* .= 0.05
) (5
0.816
0.439 = 0.05
.
)(5
-1
)(Sig.
0.557
*0.006
.
-2
0.439
*0.036
-3
0.565
*0.005
.
-4
0.458
*0.028
-5
0.757
*0.000
.
-6
0.635
*0.001
.
-7
0.501
*0.015
.
-8
0.816
*0.000
.
-9
0.521
*0.011
.
-10
.
99
0.441
*0.040
-11
0.539
*0.008
.
-12
0.727
*0.000
.
* .= 0.05
) (6
0.928
0.429 = 0.05
.
)(6
-1
0.712
)(Sig.
*0.000
.
-2
0.622
*0.002
.
-3
0.707
*0.000
.
-4
0.928
*0.000
.
-5
0.762
*0.000
.
-6
0.631
*0.001
-7
0.558
*0.006
-8
0.750
*0.000
.
-9
0.679
*0.000
-10
0.572
*0.004
.
-11
100
0.672
*0.000
-12
0.445
*0.034
.
-13
0.429
*0.041
.
* .= 0.05
) (7
0.659
0.435
= 0.05
.
)(7
-1
)(Sig.
0.435
*0.038
.
-2
0.436
*0.038
.
-3
0.607
*0.002
.
-4
0.624
*0.001
.
-5
0.611
*0.002
.
-6
0.633
*0.001
.
-7
0.559
*0.006
.
-8
0.659
*0.001
.
-9
101
0.551
*0.006
-10
0.543
*0.007
.
-11
0.488
*0.021
.
-12
0.512
*0.013
.
-13
0.642
*0.001
.
* .= 0.05
) (8
0.723
0.437 = 0.05
.
)(8
-1
0.581
)(Sig.
*0.004
.
-2
0.573
*0.004
.
-3
0.570
*0.005
-4
0.477
*0.022
-5
0.703
*0.000
.
-6
0.645
*0.001
.
-7
0.723
*0.000
.
-8
0.453
*0.030
.
-9
.
102
0.676
*0.000
-10
0.715
*0.000
.
-11
0.437
*0.037
.
-12
0.621
*0.002
.
* .= 0.05
: -1 Structural Validity
.
) (9
= 0.05 .
)(9
-1
0.925
)(Sig.
*0.000
-2
0.812
*0.000
-3
0.930
*0.000
-4
0.866
*0.000
-5
0.759
*0.000
* .= 0.05
-2 :Reliability
.
103
:
- : Cronbach's Alpha Coefficient
)(10
)(10
11
0.897
0.947
0.866
0.931
0.960
-1
-2
12
-3
13
0.921
-4
13
0.840
0.917
-5
12
0.834
0.912
61
0.966
0.982
* = .
) (10
0.921 0.834
0.966
0.960 0.912 .
0.982
)(
.
- : Split-Half Method
)
(
-
2r
) Spearman-Brown =
r + 1
( r
).(11
104
)(11
11
0.899
0.947
0.771
0.870
0.955
-1
-2
12
-3
13
0.913
-4
13
0.637
0.779
-5
12
0.712
0.832
) (11 -
Spearman- Brown .
-5.6 :
Statistical
-4 ) (Sign Test
) (3 .
-5 ) (Mann Whitney Test
.
-6 ) (Kruskal Wallis Test
.
105
-6.1 .
-6.2 .
-6.3 .
106
-6.1 :
.
: -: -1 :
)(12
176
73.0
65
27.0
241
100.0
).(2011
-2 :
)(13
30
90
37.3
30 40
77
32.0
40 50
57
23.7
50
17
7.0
241
100.0
189
78.4
49
20.3
0.4
0.8
241
100.0
23
9.5
131
54.4
83
34.4
1.7
241
100.0
1.7
0.8
1.2
55
22.8
0.8
37
15.4
70
29.0
68
28.2
241
100.0
) (16 %1.7
"" %0.8 " " %1.2
" " %22.8 " "
%0.8 " " %15.4
" " %29 "" %28.2
"".
109
-6 :
)(17
107
44.4
5 10
45
18.7
10 15
44
18.3
15
45
18.7
241
100.0
) (17 %44.4
" 5" %18.7 " 5 10"
%18.3 " 10 15" %18.7
" 15 " .
" 5"
.
-7 :
)(18
31
12.9
34
14.1
40
16.6
45
18.7
33
13.7
31
12.9
27
11.2
241
100.0
110
111
:
) (3 )(
.
:
) (3 ) Sig.(p-value
) = 0.05 (SPSS
) (3
) Sig.(p-value
= 0.05
)(
)(
)( .
-6.2.1 : :
-1 :
: :
)( 3 . ).(19
112
)(19
) (Sig.
-1
.
-2
-3
-4
)(Sig.
3.9046
78.10
12.156
*0.000
3.5394
70.79
7.074
*0.000
3.5228
70.46
8.000
*0.000
3.0954
61.91
1.857
0.063
.
-5
3.1577
63.15
2.265
*0.024
.
-6
-7
2.8921
57.84
-1.779
0.075
3.0581
61.16
1.437
0.151
.
-8
3.4855
69.71
7.312
*0.000
.
-9
2.9544
59.09
-0.473
0.636
.
-10
2.7635
55.27
-3.202
*0.001
10
.
-11
2.6888
53.78
-3.055
*0.001
...
3.1875
* .= 0.05
113
63.75
2.703
*0.007
11
) (19
" " :
-1 ) (1 ) 3.9046 (5
%78.10
12.156
) (sig. 0.000
= 0.05
)( 3
" ".
.
) (2009
.
-2 ) (2 ) 3.5394 (5
%70.79 7.074
) (sig. 0.000
= 0.05
)( 3
" " .
.
)(2007
.
-3 ) (3 ) 3.5228 (5
%70.46 8.000
114
" .
.
) (Ritchie,2000
.
-6 ) (4 ) 3.0954 (5
61.91 1.857
) (sig. 0.063 0.05
=
)( 3 "
" . %57.2
.
) (2010
.
-7 ) (7 ) 3.0581 (5
%61.16 1.437
) (sig. 0.151 0.05
=
)( 3 "
" .
116
.
-8 ) (9 ) 2.9544 (5
%59.09 -0.473
) (sig. 0.636
= 0.05
)( 3
"
" .
.
-9 ) (6 ) 2.8921 (5
%57.84 -1.779
) (sig. 0.075
= 0.05
)( 3
"
" .
) (2009
) (Ritchie,2000
.
117
3.1875
%63.75 2.703
) (Sig. 0.007
118
= 0.05
)( 3
.
.
) (2008
) (2005
) (2001 .
: :
)( 3 . ).(20
)(20
) (Sig.
-1
)(Sig.
3.8714
77.428
11.300
*0.000
11.078
*0.000
.
-2
3.8382
77.64
4
3
.
-3
2.9212
58.424
-1.296
0.195
12
.
-4
3.5602
71.204
8.164
*0.000
9.621
*0.000
.
-5
3.6307
72.614
7
5
.
-6
119
3.0290
60.58
0.798
0.425
11
-7
3.9461
78.922
11.764
*0.000
8.320
*0.000
9.165
*0.000
.
-8
3.5270
70.54
.
-9
3.6125
72.25
1
8
6
.
-10
3.4606
69.212
7.136
*0.000
.
-11
3.9253
78.506
12.174
*0.000
.
-12
3.2697
65.394
4.310
*0.000
11.923
*0.000
.
3.5492
70.984
10
* .= 0.05
) (20
" "
:
-1 ) (7 ) 3.9461 (5
%78.922 11.764
) (sig. 0.000
= 0.05
)( 3
"
" .
.
-2 ) (11 ) 3.9253 (5
%78.506 12.174
120
) (sig. 0.000
= 0.05
)( 3
"
" .
.
-3 ) (2 ) 3.8382 (5
%77.64 11.078
) (sig. 0.000
= 0.05
)( 3
"
" .
.
) (2008
)(2008
.
-4 ) (1 ) 3.8714 (5
%77.428 11.300
) (sig. 0.000
= 0.05
)( 3
"
121
" .
.
) (2008
.
-5 ) (5 ) 3.6307 (5
%72.614 9.621
) (sig. 0.000
= 0.05
)( 3
"
" .
.
-6 ) (9 ) 3.6125 (5
%72.25 9.165
) (sig. 0.000
= 0.05
)( 3
"
" .
.
-7 ) (4 ) 3.5602 (5
%71.204 8.164
) (sig. 0.000
= 0.05
122
)( 3
" ".
.
-8 ) (8 ) 3.5270 (5
%70.54 8.320
) (sig. 0.000
= 0.05
)( 3
"
" .
.
-9 ) (10 ) 3.4606 (5
%69.212 7.136
) (sig. 0.000
= 0.05
)( 3
"
" .
.
-10 ) (12 ) 3.2697 (5
%65.394 4.310
) (sig. 0.000
= 0.05
123
)( 3
"
" .
.
) (2006
.
-11 ) (6 ) 3.0290 (5
%60.58 0.798
) (sig. 0.425
= 0.05
)( 3
"
" .
.
-12 ) (3 ) 2.9212 (5
%58.424 -1.296
) (sig. 0.195
= 0.05
)( 3
"
" .
.
124
) (2008
) (2007
.
3.5492
%70.984 11.923
) (Sig. 0.000
= 0.05
)( 3
.
.
) (2008
.
: :
)( 3 . ).(21
)(21
) (Sig.
-1
3.7510
75.02
)(Sig.
11.245
*0.000
-2
3.6639
73.29
9.310
*0.000
.
-3
3.5892
125
71.78
9.271
*0.000
-4
3.3154
66.31
4.853
*0.000
.
-5
3.1992
63.98
2.976
*0.003
10
.
-6
3.2614
65.23
2.410
*0.016
.
-7
3.5228
70.46
7.870
*0.000
.
-8
2.8340
56.68
-2.794
*0.005
12
.
-9
3.3693
67.39
6.047
*0.000
.
-10
3.3776
67.55
5.352
*0.000
3.1950
63.90
2.769
*0.006
-11
11
.
-12
3.4274
68.55
6.521
*0.000
-13
2.8340
56.68
-1.755
0.079
13
3.3339
66.68
5.687
*0.000
* .= 0.05
) (21
" " :
-1 ) (1 ) 3.7510 (5
%75.02 11.245
) (sig. 0.000
= 0.05
)( 3
"
" .
.
126
-2 ) (2 ) 3.6639 (5
%73.29 9.310
) (sig. 0.000
= 0.05
)( 3
"
" .
.
-3 ) (3 ) 3.5892 (5
%71.78 9.271
) (sig. 0.000
= 0.05
)( 3
"
" .
.
-4 ) (7 ) 3.5228 (5
%70.46 7.870
) (sig. 0.000
= 0.05
)( 3
" " .
.
) (2009
127
) (Ritchie,2000
.
-5 ) (12 ) 3.4274 (5
%68.55 6.521
) (sig. 0.000
= 0.05
)( 3
"
" .
.
-6 ) (10 ) 3.3776 (5
%67.55 5.352
) (sig. 0.000
= 0.05
)( 3
"
" .
.
-7 ) (9 ) 3.3693 (5
%67.39 %6.047
) (sig. 0.000
= 0.05
)( 3
" ".
128
.
-8 ) (6 ) 3.2614 (5
%65.23 2.410
) (sig. 0.016
= 0.05
)( 3
" " .
.
-9 ) (4 ) 3.3154 (5
%66.31 4.853
) (sig. 0.000
= 0.05
)( 3
"
" .
.
) (2006
.
) (2010
) (2008
.
-10 ) (5 ) 3.1992 (5
129
%63.98 2.976
) (sig. 0.003
= 0.05
)( 3
"
" .
.
-11 ) (11 ) 3.1950 (5
%63.90 2.769
) (sig. 0.006
= 0.05
)( 3
"
" .
""
.
) (2009
.
-12 ) (8 ) 2.8340 (5
%56.68 -2.794
) (sig. 0.005
= 0.05
)( 3
" ".
.
130
) (2010
) (2010 .
-13 ) (13 ) 2.8340 (5
%56.68 -1.755
) (sig. 0.079
= 0.05
)( 3
"
" .
.
) (2009
.
3.3339
%66.68 5.687
) (Sig. 0.000
= 0.05
)( 3
.
.
: :
)( 3 . ).(22
131
)(22
) (Sig.
-1
3.5228
70.46
)(Sig.
7.216
*0.000
.
-2
3.4689
69.38
6.533
*0.000
.
-3
3.4274
68.55
7.202
*0.000
11
.
-4
3.7427
74.85
9.985
*0.000
.
-5
2.9876
59.75
0.301
-
0.764
13
.
-6
3.6680
73.36
3.4315
68.63
9.531
*0.000
.
-7
6.673
*0.000
10
.
-8
3.5892
71.78
3.1577
63.15
9.363
*0.000
.
-9
2.224
*0.026
12
.
-10
3.7510
75.02
9.799
*0.000
.
-11
3.7925
75.85
9.646
*0.000
.
-12
132
3.7676
75.35
9.357
*0.000
-13
3.6598
73.20
9.166
*0.000
.
3.5359
70.72
10.352
*0.000
* .= 0.05
) (22
" " :
-1 ) (11 ) 3.7925 (5
%75.85 9.646
) (sig. 0.000
= 0.05
)( 3
"
" .
.
-2 ) (12 ) 3.7676 (5
%75.35 9.357
) (sig. 0.000
= 0.05
)( 3
"
" .
6 18
.
) (2008
.
) (1999
133
.
-3 ) (10 ) 3.7510 (5
%75.02 9.799
) (sig. 0.000
= 0.05
)( 3
"
" .
) (
.
-4 ) (4 ) 3.7427 (5
%74.85 9.985
) (sig. 0.000
= 0.05
)( 3
"
".
.
134
-5 ) (6 ) 3.6680 (5
%73.36 9.531
) (sig. 0.000
= 0.05
)( 3
"
" .
.
-6 ) (13 ) 3.6598 (5
%73.20 9.166
) (sig. 0.000 = 0.05
)( 3 "
" .
.
-7 ) (8 ) 3.5892 (5
%71.78 9.363
) (sig. 0.000
= 0.05
)( 3
"
" .
.
-8 ) (1 ) 3.5228 (5
135
%70.46 7.216
) (sig. 0.000 = 0.05
)( 3 "
".
.
) (2010
.
-9 ) (2 ) 3.4689 (5
%69.38 6.533
) (sig. 0.000
= 0.05
)( 3
"
" .
.
) (2009
)(2008
.
-10 ) (7 ) 3.4315 (5
%68.63 6.673
) (sig. 0.000
= 0.05
)( 3
136
"
" .
.
) (2010
.
-11 ) (3 ) 3.4274 (5
%68.55 7.202
) (sig. 0.000
= 0.05
)( 3
"
" .
....
-12 ) (9 ) 3.1577 (5
%63.15 2.224
) (sig. 0.000
= 0.05
)( 3
137
"
" .
.
-13 ) (5 ) 2.9876 (5
59.75 -0.301
) (sig. 0.764 0.05
=
)( 3
"
" .
) (2 ).(2
) (2010
.
) (Lok&Crawford,2003
.
3.5359
%70.72 10.352
) (Sig. 0.000
= 0.05
)( 3
.
.
) (2008
.
138
:
)( 3 . ).(23
)(23
) (Sig.
)(Sig.
-1
3.1875
63.75
2.703
*0.007
-2
3.5492
70.98
11.923
*0.000
-3
3.3339
66.68
5.687
*0.000
-4
3.5359
70.72
10.352
*0.000
3.4073
68.15
7.843
*0.000
* .= 0.05
3.4073
%68.15 7.843
) (Sig. 0.000 = 0.05
)( 3
.
- .
.
:
) (2008 .
) (2006 .
139
)(2005 . )(Ambugey,2005 .
) (2005 )(Ritchie,2000 .
) (Hofstede,1998 .
-) (2009 .
) (2009 . ) (2008 .
) (2007 .
) (2007 .
-) (Alharabi,2006 .
) (2006 . -2 :
)( 3 . ).(24
)(24
) (Sig.
-1
)(Sig.
3.6598
73.20
9.019
*0.000
.
-2
140
3.7137
74.27
9.829
*0.000
-3
3.5975
71.95
8.569
*0.000
-4
2.9544
59.09
-0.293
0.770
12
.
-5
3.0539
61.08
1.041
0.298
11
-6
3.4730
69.46
7.318
*0.000
-7
3.4979
69.96
8.065
*0.000
-8
3.7718
75.44
10.357
*0.000
-9
3.1660
63.32
2.556
*0.011
.
-10
3.1245
62.49
2.088
*0.037
10
.
-11
3.3942
67.88
5.735
*0.000
.
-12
3.2988
65.98
4.827
*0.000
.
3.3921
67.84
6.851
*0.000
* .= 0.05
) (24
" "
:
-1 ) (8 ) 3.7718 (5
%75.44 10.357
141
) (sig. 0.000
= 0.05
)( 3
"
" .
.
-2 ) (2 ) 3.7137 (5
%74.27 9.829
) (sig. 0.000
= 0.05
)( 3
"
" .
) (11 ) (4
.
) (2003
.
-3 ) (1 ) 3.6598 (5
%73.20 9.019
) (sig. 0.000 = 0.05
)( 3 "
".
.
142
-4 ) (3 ) 3.5975 (5
%71.95 8.569
) (sig. 0.000
= 0.05
)( 3
"
" .
.
) (2007
.
-5 ) (7 ) 3.4979 (5
%69.96 8.065
) (sig. 0.000
= 0.05
)( 3
"
" .
.
-6 ) (6 ) 3.4730 (5
%69.46 7.318
) (sig. 0.000
= 0.05
)( 3
"
143
" .
.
-7 ) (11 ) 3.3942 (5
%67.88 5.735
) (sig. 0.000
= 0.05
)( 3
"
" .
)(2
) (2 ) (2 ) (4
.
-8 ) (12 ) 3.2988 (5
%65.98 4.827
) (sig. 0.000
= 0.05
)( 3
"
" .
.
) (2010
.
144
-9 ) (9 ) 3.1660 (5
%63.32 2.556
) (sig. 0.011
= 0.05
)( 3
"
" .
.
) (2007
.
-10 ) (10 ) 3.1245 (5
62.49 2.088
) (sig. 0.037 = 0.05
)( 3 "
" .
.
) (2008
.
-11 ) (5 ) 3.0539 (5
%61.08 1.041
145
) (sig. 0.298
= 0.05
)( 3
"
" .
.
) (2009
.
-12 ) (4 ) 2.9544 (5
%59.09 -0.293
) (sig. 0.770
= 0.05
)( 3
" ".
.
) (2007
.
3.3921
%67.84 6.851
) (Sig. 0.000
= 0.05
)( 3
.
146
.
:
) (2009 .
) (2009 .
) (2010
) (2010 .
) (2008 .
) (Maumbe&Owei&Alexander,2008
.
-) (2007 .
) (Alharabi,2006 .
) (2005
.
)(Gil-Garcia&Pardo,2005
.
) (2003 .
147
:: :
) (0.05
.
:
: .
" "
" ".
)(25
)(Sig.
0.671
*0.000
* .=0.05
) (25
0.671 ) (Sig. 0.000
=0.05
.
:
-1 .
-2 .
-3 .
-4 .
-5
.
-6
.
148
-7
.
: .
" "
" ".
)(26
)(Sig.
0.628
*0.000
* .=0.05
) (26
0.628 ) (Sig. 0.000
=0.05
.
:
-1
.
-2
.
-3
.
-4
149
.
-5
.
-6
.
-7
.
-8
.
: .
" "
" ".
)(27
)(Sig.
0.746
*0.000
* .=0.05
) (27
0.746 ) (Sig. 0.000
=0.05
.
150
:
-1
.
-2
.
-3
.
-4
.
-5
.
-6
.
-7
.
: .
" "
" ".
)(28
)(Sig.
0.747
*0.000
* .=0.05
) (28
0.747 ) (Sig. 0.000
151
=0.05
.
:
-1
.
-2
.
-3
.
-4
.
-5
.
-6
.
-7
.
-8
.
-9
.
-10
.
152
-11
.
: : =0.05
)
(.
"-"
.
" "
) (3 .
: -1
.=0.05
) (29 "-" )(sig.
=0.05
.
.
153
)(29
)(sig.
-1
0.731
0.464
-2
1.487
0.137
-3
1.263
0.207
-4
1.744
0.081
-5
0.148
0.882
* .=0.05
) (2008
=0.05
) (2007
=0.05
.
-2
.=0.05
) (30 "-" )(sig.
" " = 0.05
.
) (sig.
=0.05
.
.
154
)(30
)(sig.
-1
9.341
*0.025
-2
2.091
0.554
-3
6.870
0.076
-4
0.450
0.930
-5
1.488
0.685
* .=0.05
) (2008
=0.05
) (2007
=0.05
.
) (31
.
)(31
30
50
30
40
40
50
-1
122.22
103.36
138.63
135.32
-2
123.68
112.14
128.76
120.94
-3
118.33
109.40
140.80
121.29
-4
120.34
124.42
119.91
112.68
-5
117.71
117.95
130.81
119.32
) (31
155
" 40 "50
. " "
" 40 ."50
.
-3
.=0.05
) (32 "-"
) (sig. =0.05
.
"".
)(32
)(sig.
-1
3.868
0.276
-2
1.473
0.688
-3
2.004
0.572
-4
1.442
0.696
-5
4.266
0.234
* .=0.05
) (2008
=0.05
.
156
-4
.=0.05
) (33 "-"
) (sig. =0.05
.
.
)(33
)(sig.
-1
3.593
0.309
-2
5.407
0.144
-3
5.867
0.118
-4
2.588
0.460
-5
1.995
0.574
* .=0.05
) (2008
=0.05
.
157
-5
.=0.05
) (34 "-"
) (sig. =0.05
) (sig.
=0.05
.
.
)(34
)(sig.
-1
21.059
*0.004
-2
10.524
0.161
-3
22.251
*0.002
-4
17.482
*0.015
-5
19.520
0.007
* .=0.05
) (2008
=0.05
) (2007
=0.05
.
158
) (35
.
)(35
-1
171.50
207.50
185.00
130.90
97.25
116.97
95.33
133.97
-2
133.25
147.75
203.17
119.24
69.50
113.09
109.95
134.49
-3
133.50
177.25
193.17
134.45
90.50
114.16
93.42
137.55
-4
125.75
166.25
174.00
141.35
59.00
126.23
97.11
124.16
-5
153.88
192.75
192.33
135.70
79.25
123.03
95.46
128.33
) (35
" "
" "
" " .
" "
"
" " " .
" "
" " " ".
" "
" ".
-6
.=0.05
) (36 "-"
) (sig. =0.05
.
.
)(36
)(sig.
-1
5.805
0.121
-2
2.491
0.477
-3
3.190
0.363
-4
6.160
0.104
-5
2.813
0.421
* .=0.05
) (2008
=0.05
) (2007
=0.05
.
160
-7
.=0.05
) (37 "-"
) (sig. =0.05
.
.
)(37
)(sig.
-1
26.396
*0.000
-2
12.517
0.051
-3
30.656
*0.000
-4
23.455
*0.001
-5
26.873
*0.000
* .=0.05
) (2008
=0.05
.
) (38
.
161
)(38
-1
117.18
83.49
160.66
104.38
126.21
131.37
123.30
-2
128.23
86.63
137.59
117.06
132.71
128.42
115.15
-3
121.00
69.15
148.04
115.46
133.23
146.08
111.74
-4
122.37
78.15
149.33
116.33
127.98
140.68
108.07
-5
117.50
76.81
154.80
112.41
128.15
140.32
113.98
) (38
" "
.
" " " " .
" " .
" " " ".
" "
. " "
" " .
"
" .
" " "
".
" "
" "
.
162
-7.1
-7.2
-7.3
163
-7.1 :
:
-1
:
-1 .
-2 .
-3 .
-4 .
-5
.
-6
.
-7
.
-2
:
-1
.
-2
.
164
-3
.
-4
.
-5
.
-6
.
-7
.
-8
.
-3
:
-1
.
-2
.
-3
165
.
-4
.
-5
.
-6
.
-7
.
-4
:
-1
.
-2
.
-3
.
-4
.
-5
.
-6
.
-7
.
166
-8
.
-9
.
-10
.
-11
.
-5
"" " " " " " ".
-6
" " "" " ".
167
-7.2
:
:
-1
.
-2
.
-3
.
-4
.
-5
.
-6
.
-7
.
-8
.
-9
.
168
-10
.
-11
.
-12
.
-13
.
-14
) (
.
-15
.
-16
.
-17
.
-18
.
169
-19
.
-20 )
(
.
-21
)
( ) (.
-22
.
-23
.
-24 ""
.
-8.3 :
.
170
'g+('.f2
. .: 2009.
. .: 2002.
. : .:
2004.
. .: 2004.
www.bankofpalestine.com/tc/documents/electronic_management.pdf
. .: 2008.
. : .: 2007.
. : .: 2003.
. . : 2005 .
. :
. : 2000 .
. . : 2008.
. .: 2002.
. :
. : 1995 .
. .: 2009.
. : .: 2004.
. : .21: 2002.
. .: 2005.
171
:
. :
.
2008.
http://www.nauss.edu.sa/Ar/DigitalLibrary/ScientificTheses/Documents/m_as_13_2008.pdf
.
. 2007.
http://library.iugaza.edu.ps/thesis.aspx
.
- .
2010.
http://library.iugaza.edu.ps/thesis.aspx
. .
2003.
http://www.iraqiforum.org/books/1/thesis/sa/6.pdf
. :
.
2008.
http://www.nauss.edu.sa/Ar/DigitalLibrary/ScientificTheses/Documents/m_as_20_2008.pdf
. : .
2005.
http://www.nauss.edu.sa/Ar/DigitalLibrary/ScientificTheses/Documents/Master1426 1425 as46.pdf
. :
.
2007.
http://www.nauss.edu.sa/Ar/DigitalLibrary/ScientificTheses/Documents/d_3_as_2008.pdf
. :
.
2007.
http://www.nauss.edu.sa/Ar/DigitalLibrary/ScientificTheses/Documents/m_as_7_2008.pdf
172
. .
2005.
http://www.nauss.edu.sa/Ar/DigitalLibrary/ScientificTheses/Documents/Master_1425-1426_AS_as285.pdf
. .
2007.
http://library.iugaza.edu.ps/thesis.aspx
. .
2003.
http://www.nauss.edu.sa/Ar/DigitalLibrary/ScientificTheses/Documents/Master_1424-1425_AS_14.pdf
. :
. 2005.
http://www.nauss.edu.sa/Ar/DigitalLibrary/ScientificTheses/Documents/Master_1425-1426_AS_as215.pdf
. .
2006.
http://www.nauss.edu.sa/Ar/DigitalLibrary/ScientificTheses/Documents/Master_1426-1427_AS_as86.pdf
.
:
2006.
http://library.iugaza.edu.ps/thesis.aspx
. .
2007.
http://library.iugaza.edu.ps/thesis.aspx
. :
PalTel . 2008.
http://library.iugaza.edu.ps/Thesis1.aspx
.
. 2009.
http://library.iugaza.edu.ps/thesis.aspx
. :
. 2003.
http://www.nauss.edu.sa/Ar/DigitalLibrary/ScientificTheses/Documents/Master_1423-1424_AS_as333.pdf
173
. :
. 2005.
http://www.nauss.edu.sa/Ar/DigitalLibrary/ScientificTheses/Documents/Master_1425-1426_AS_as125.pdf
.
. 2006.
http://library.iugaza.edu.ps/thesis.aspx
. .
2001.
http://www.nauss.edu.sa/Ar/DigitalLibrary/ScientificTheses/Documents/m-10-2001-as.pdf
. .
2010.
http://www.nauss.edu.sa/Ar/DigitalLibrary/ScientificTheses/Documents/m_as_30_2010.pdf
. :
. 2007.
http://www.nauss.edu.sa/Ar/DigitalLibrary/ScientificTheses/Documents/Master_1427-1428_AS_m_as_20_2007.pdf
. -.
2008.
http://library.iugaza.edu.ps/thesis.aspx
. .
2007.
http://www.nauss.edu.sa/Ar/DigitalLibrary/ScientificTheses/Documents/Master_1427-1428_AS_m_as_19_2007.pdf
. :
.
2008.
http://www.nauss.edu.sa/Ar/DigitalLibrary/ScientificTheses/Documents/d_5_as_2008.pdf
. .
2006.
http://library.iugaza.edu.ps/thesis.aspx
.
2007.
http://library.iugaza.edu.ps/thesis.aspx
174
.
.2010
http://www.nauss.edu.sa/Ar/DigitalLibrary/ScientificTheses/Documents/m_as_16_2010.pdf
Amburgey,Dale .An analysis of the relationship between job satisfaction , organization culture,
and perceived leadership characteristics. University of Central Florida ,Orlando ,Florida, 2005.
http://etd.fcla.edu/CF/CFE0000610/Amburgey_William_OD_200508_EdD.pdf
Gil-Garca , J. Ramn & Pardo, Theresa . E-government success factors: Mapping practical tools
to theoretical foundations. University of Albany, Albany, USA, 2004.
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6W4G-4G7G4K92&_user=10&_coverDate=12%2F31%2F2005&_rdoc=1&_fmt=high&_orig=search&_origin=search&_sort=d&_docanchor
=&view=c&_searchStrId=1630722015&_rerunOrigin=google&_acct=C000050221&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=
10&md5=a378b7d62e501ebefba37a18ffb1a7ac&searchtype=a
[
Hofstede , Geert .Attitudes, values and organizational culture: disentangling the concepts.
Institute for Research on Intercultural Cooperation, Maastricht and Tilburg, the Netherlands, 1998.
http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m4339/is_n3_v19/ai_n27541490/
Lok ,Peter &Crawford ,John .The effect of organizational culture and leadership style on job
satisfaction and organizational commitment. University of Technology , Sydney , Australia, 2003.
http://teaching.fec.anu.edu.au/MGMT7030/Organisational Culture and Leadership Style.pdf
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6W4G-4B76FHF2&_user=10&_coverDate=12%2F31%2F2004&_rdoc=1&_fmt=high&_orig=search&_origin=search&_sort=d&_docanchor
=&view=c&_searchStrId=1630720667&_rerunOrigin=google&_acct=C000050221&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=
10&md5=3bafc20e12230ba1f3fa1b9eb5715727&searchtype=a
:
.
.2009 .
www.najah.edu/researches/756.pdf
. .
.2011/1/15
http://knol.google.com/k5/----/--/a3cnzf70kc/36#
175
. .
2009 .
.pdf720%0)6*720%3&420%.&5*20%./012*)('&hasdl.kau.edu.sa/.../%
. .
2009.
www.fifty.ipa.edu.sa/conf/customcontrols/paperworkflash/Content/.../6.pdf
. . :
)(12) (1 1999.
http://www.kau.edu.sa/Show_Res.aspx?Site_ID=320&LNG=AR&RN=51603
. :
. ) (
2008.
http://cocsis.com/up/upload/h916.pdf
. .
2011/2/10.
http://forums.iraqcst.com/showthread.php?t=383
.
.
2011/1/9.
mckadi.ifrance.com/58.doc
. : .
/
2011/2/5.
http://www.drabid.net/ecommerce1.htm
WXTYZSTU.( i+#o( $'$n18.$lme+1- 5%6 + (' i./(' . $4,hSTm ij iXjkh^ iTl^ efWgh^c[d `[a^]\[W
ircrSm^SWj ^WhZ iacph t2005.
media.kenanaonline.com/files/0022/223...
. .
2007.
http://unpan1.un.org/intradoc/groups/public/documents/arado/unpan029802.pdf
176
.
)(4
2006.
http://rcweb.luedld.net/rc4.htm
. .
2011.
http://ar-ar.facebook.com/note.php?note_id=194461560574570&comments
. : .
:
2003.
http://www.biblioislam.net/ar/ELibrary/BriefCard.aspx?tblID=2&ID=27986
. . )(2
2003.
http://rcweb.luedld.net/rc2.htm
.
. 2010.
hu.edu.jo/ecwc/papers/.../Paper%20Anmar.doc
.STpj xy chZ vTwm(+v"&8 u v r$0se ti $d+4du(& p!q.8(u. p$d\[S[l `[a z[mS{m |[hZ i "^i[m~d
^c-iTl^~\ ^WrSd" WhZ igj v{Xm .2003 .
faculty.ksu.edu.sa/alhomod/sfile/Egovernment03.PDF
. .
2010 cybrarians journal.
http://journal.cybrarians.info/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=232:2010-12-30-12-11-01&catid=98:2010-12-30-10-45-17
. .
) (3
2005.
http://rcweb.luedld.net/rc3.htm
. .
2004.
unpan1.un.org/intradoc/groups/public/documents/.../UNPAN005604.pdf
177
! r&% )(1
'g+('&'|$
-1
-2
-3
.S SYZ^Whj T .
-4
-5
-6
-7
cy Shdm aWl .W .
-8
Tj.^~Z xrS.
-9
-10
. .
-11
. .
-12
. .
178
! r&% )(2
/ :
/
.
.
..
179
: -:
) ( / -: - :
) ( .
) ( .
- :
) ( 30.
) ( 30
40.
) ( 40
) ( 50 .
50.
- :
) ( .
) ( .
) ( .
) ( .
- :
) ( .
) ( .
) ( .
) ( .
- :
) ( .
) (
) ( .
) ( .
) ( .
) ( . ............
) ( 5
) ( 10
) ( 15 .
10.
15.
) ( ( ) . .
- :
) ( 5.
- :
) ( .
) ( .
) ( .
) ( .
) ( .
) ( .
180
) (
: +$d+l(i+#o ($'$n18 :
-3
-2
-1
.
-4
-5
-6
-7
-8
-9
-10
.
-11
: ...
-3
-4
-5
.
181
-2
-1
-6
-7
-8
-9
-10
.
-11
.
-12 .
.
-3
-4
-5
-6
-7
-8
-9
-10
-11
.
182
-2
-1
-12
.
-13
.
-2
-3
-4
-5
-6
-7
-8
-9
-10
.
-11
.
-12
.
-13
.
183
-1
.
-4
-5
-6
-7
-8
-9
-10
.
-11
.
-12
.
184
-3
-2
-1