KP06

KRITERIA PERENCANAAN
BAGIAN PARAMETER BANGUNAN

Standar Perencanaan Irigasi KP 06
STANDAR PERENCANAAN
IRIGASI
BAGIAN
PARAMETER BANGUNAN
KP - 06
DESEMBER 1986
EDISI BAHASA INDONESIA
i
1986 DIREKTORAT 1ENDERAL PENGAIRAN
DEPARTEMEN PEKER1AAN UMUM
Cetakan pertama : 1986
Dicetak !e" : C#$ GA%ANG PER&ADA' Ban()n*
Di+)+)n !e" :
&),-Direktrat Perencanaan Tekni+'
Direktrat Iri*a+i I'
Direktrat .en(era! Pen*airan'
Departemen Peker/aan Um)m
Di,ant) !e" DHV Consulting Engineers
Beker/a +ama (en*an PT. Indah Karya
ii
KEPUTUSAN DIREKTUR 1ENDERAL PENGAIRAN
Nornor. 185/KPTS/A/1986
TENTANG
STANDAR PERENCANAAN IRIGASI
DIREKTUR 1ENDERAL PENGAIRAN
Menim,an* : a$ ,a"0a (a!am ran*ka penin*katan (an pemantapan
pe!ak+anaan1pen2e!en**araan pem,an*)nan Iri*a+i (i
!in*k)n*an Direktrat .en(era! Pen*airan per!) a(an2a
ke+era*aman (a!am ke*iatan perencanaan pem,an*)nan
Iri*a+i3
,$ ,a"0a "a+i! pertem)an 4Di+k)+i Pemantapan &tan(ar(i+a+i
Perencanaan Iri*a+i5' 2an* (ia(akan !e" Direktrat .en(era!
Pen*airan pa(a ,)!an A*)+t)+ 1986' (ipan(an* mema(ai )nt)k
(ik)k)"kan +e,a*ai &tan(ar Perencanaan Iri*a+i (i !in*k)n*an
Direktrat .en(era! Pen*airan3
c$ ,a"0a )nt)k mak+)( ter+e,)t per!) (iat)r (en*an &)rat
Kep)t)+an 3
Men*in*at : 1$ Kep)t)+an Pre+i(en Rep),!ik In(ne+ia N$ 161M Ta")n 19873
7$ Kep)t)+an Pre+i(en Rep),!ik In(ne+ia N$ 88 Ta")n 19983
:$ Kep)t)+an Pre+i(en Rep),!ik In(ne+ia N$ 16 Ta")n 19883
8$ Kep)t)+an Pre+i(en Rep),!ik In(ne+ia N$ 7111KPT&119883
6$ Kep)t)+an Direkt)r .en(era! Pen*airan N$ 861KPT&1A119883
MEMUTUSKAN :
Menetapkan :
PERTAMA : Men*)k)"kan "a+i! pertem)an 5Di+k)+i Pemantapan &tan(ar(i+a+i
Perencanaan Iri*a+i5' +e,a*ai &tan(ar Perencanaan Iri*a+i ter(iri
(ari :
KRITERIA PERENCANAAN :
1$ KP - ;1 Kriteria Perencanaan - Ba*ian Perencanaan .arin*an
Iri*a+i
7$ KP - ;7 Kriteria Perencanaan - Ba*ian Ban*)nan Utama
:$ KP - ;: Kriteria Perencanaan - Ba*ian &a!)ran
8$ KP - ;8 Kriteria Perencanaan - Ba*ian Ban*)nan
6$ KP - ;6 Kriteria Perencanaan - Ba*ian Petak Ter+ier
iii
6$ KP - ;6 Kriteria Perencanaan - Ba*ian Parameter Ban*)nan
9$ KP - ;9 Kriteria Perencanaan - Ba*ian &tan(ar
Pen**am,aran
BANGUNAN IRIGASI :
8$ BI - ;1 Tipe Ban*)nan Iri*a+i
9$ BI - ;7 &tan(ar Ban*)nan Iri*a+i
PERSYARATAN TEKNIS :
1;$ PT - ;1 Per+2aratan Tekni+ - Ba*ian Perencanaan .arin*an
Iri*a+i
11$ PT - ;7 Per+2aratan Tekni+ - Ba*ian Pen*)k)ran
17$ PT - ;: Per+2aratan Tekni+ - Ba*ian Pen2e!i(ikan Geteknik
1:$ PT - ;8 Per+2aratan Tekni+ - Ba*ian Pen2e!i(ikan M(e!
<i(r!i+
KEDUA : &em)a pi"ak 2an* me!ak)kan ke*iatan pem,an*)nan iri*a+i' 0a/i,
memper"atikan ketent)an-ketent)an 2an* tercant)m pa(a Dikt)m
PERTAMA$
KETIGA : Direkt)r Iri*a+i I ,ert)*a+ memnitr pe!ak+anaan &)rat Kep)t)+an
ini (an menamp)n* )mpan ,atik *)na pen2emp)rnaan &tan(ar
Perencanaan Iri*a+i +e,a*aimana ter+e,)t pa(a Dikt)m
PERTAMA' +e+)ai (en*an perkem,an*an$
KEEMPAT : Kep)t)+an ini m)!ai ,er!ak) pa(a "ari1tan**a! (itetapkan (en*an
ketent)an akan (ia(akan per),a"an (an per,aikan +eper!)n2a
apa,i!a (ikem)(ian "ari tern2ata ter(apat keke!ir)an (a!am
penetapann2a$
TEMBU&AN : &)rat Kep)t)+an ini (i+ampaikan kepa(a =t" :
1$ Bapak Menteri Peker/aan Um)m
7$ &ekretari+ .en(era! Departemen Peker/aan Um)m
:$ In+pekt)r .en(era! Departemen Peker/aan Um)m
8$ Kepa!a Ba!it,an* Departemen Peker/aan Um)m
6$ &ekretari+ Direktrat .en(era! Pen*airan
6$ &ta> A"!i Menteri Peker/aan Um)m Bi(an* Pen*em,an*an
Iri*a+i
9$ &ta> A"!i Menteri Peker/aan Um)m Bi(an* Pen*em,an*an
Per+)n*aian
8$ Para Kepa!a Kantr ?i!a2a"1Kepa!a DPUP )p$ Kepa!a Ba*ian
Pen*airan (i +e!)r)" In(ne+ia
i@
9$ Para Kepa!a Bir Departemen Peker/aan Um)m
1;$ Para Direkt)r (i !in*k)n*an Direktrat .en(era! Pen*airan
11$ Kepa!a P)+!it,an* Pen*airan
17$ Para Kepa!a Ba*ian (an Kepa!a &), Dit$ (i !in*k)n*an
Direktrat .en(era! Pen*airan
1:$ Kepa!a Bi(an* Diktat Pen*airan
18$ Para Pemimpin Pr2ek (i !in*k)n*an Direktrat .en(era!
Pen*airan
16$ A r + i p
DITETAPKAN DI: .AKARTA
PADA TANGGA% : 1 De+em,er 1986
DIREKTUR .ENDERA% PENGAIRAN
@
DEPARTEMEN PEKER1AAN UMUM
DIREKTORAT 1ENDERAL PENGAIRAN
SAMBUTAN
Pem,an*)nan iri*a+i (i In(ne+ia +)(a" ,er/a!an !e,i" (ari +at) a,a(' maka
kita te!a" (apat men*)mp)!kan pen*a!aman-pen*a!aman ,er"ar*a 2an* +an*at
,erman>aat ,a*i pen*em,an*an iri*a+i +e!an/)tn2a$ Pen*a!aman-pen*a!aman ter+e,)t
(i(apatkan ,aik pa(a ta"ap +t)(i' perencanaan ma)p)n pa(a ta"ap pe!ak+anaan (an
ek+p!ata+i A peme!i"araan$
Kek)atan (an ke!ema"an +i+tem iri*a+i kita' ,aik 2an* ,er+i>at teknik +ipi! ma)p)n
teknik "i(r!ik (an +e*i-+e*i !ain +eperti ke,)t)"an air iri*a+i' te!a" (iamati' (icatat
(an (ite!iti *)na ,a"an pen2emp)rnaan pem,an*)nan iri*a+i (i In(ne+ia$
&e/ak pe!ita I Pemerinta" Br(e Bar) me!ak+anakan pem,an*)nan (i +e*a!a
,i(an* terma+)k ,i(an* pen*airan (en*an +a!a" +at) a+pekn2a pem,an*)nan iri*a+i'
)nt)k men)n/an* penin*katan pr()k+i pertanian (an )nt)k kenaikan pen(apatan (an
ke+e/a"teraan para petani$
&ete!a" pem,an*)nan iri*a+i ini ,er!an*+)n* "ampir +e!ama 8 Pe!ita' maka )nt)k
t)/)an e>i+ien+i (an ke+era*aman perencanaan' (ira+a per!) )nt)k men*em,an*kan
+tan(ar perencanaan iri*a+i' 2an* cck (en*an kn(i+i (i In(ne+ia )nt)k (ipakai
!e" para perencana iri*a+i$
Direktrat Iri*a+i I 2an* memp)n2ai t)*a+ pem,inaan (an pen*at)ran (i ,i(an*
keiri*a+ian ' (a!am men2iapkan +tan(ar ini te!a" men*"a,i+kan 0akt) ti(ak k)ran*
(ari 78 ,)!an$
Me!a!)i pr+e+ 2an* c)k)p pan/an* te!a" (i!ak)kan pen*)mp)!an' pen*ka/ian (an
pene!itian ter"a(ap perencanaan 2an* +)(a" ,er/a!an' !apran-!apran' kriteria 2an*
(iper*)nakan (i pr2ek-pr2ek' pe(man (an +tan(ar (i ,i(an* !ain 2an* ,er!ak) (i
In(ne+ia +erta re>eren+i perencanaan iri*a+i (ari !)ar In(ne+ia$ Ban2ak pen(apat
(an +aran para a"!i iri*a+i (i In(ne+ia te!a" (itamp)n* me!a!)i acara (i+k)+i'
kem)(ian (iana!i+i+ (an ke+imp)!ann2a (ima+)kkan (a!am +tan(ar ini$
&tan(ar Perencanaan Iri*a+i ini ti(ak ,er+i>at +tati+' (an (i ma+a men(atan*
ma+i" per!) (ikem,an*kan (an (i+emp)rnakan +e+)ai (en*an kema/)an tekn!*i
keiri*a+ian$ Nam)n (emikian' apa 2an* (im)at (a!am +tan(ar ini +)(a" mencak)p
(an mencerminkan perkem,an*an kn+epkn+ep iri*a+i ak"ir-ak"ir ini$
Den*an ter,itn2a &tan(ar Perencanaan Iri*a+i ini (i"arapkan para perencana
iri*a+i (apat men*am,i! man>aat +e,e+ar-,e+arn2a' ter)tama (a!am kecepatan
pen2e!e+aian t)*a+-t)*a+ perencanaan' men)/) ke ke+era*aman iri*a+i (i In(ne+ia$
&tan(ar Perencanaan Iri*a+i ini mer)pakan ke"ar)+an )nt)k (ipakai !e"
,a(an-,a(an (i !in*k)n*an Direktrat .en(era! Pen*airan (a!am t)*a+n2a (i ,i(an*
pem,an*)an iri*a+i$ Pen2impan*an (ari +tan(ar ini "an2a (im)n*kinkan (en*an iCin
Direkt)r .en(era! Pen*airan$
@i
Ba(an-,a(an !ain 2an* memp)n2ai kepentin*an (a!am pem,an*)nan iri*a+i
(ian/)rkan )nt)k memakai +tan(ar ini /)*a$
Ak"irn2a' kami men*)capkan +e!amat ata+ ter,itn2a +tan(ar perencanaan iri*a+i ini'
(an pat)t kiran2a kita +em)a mem,erikan pen*"ar*aan 2an* +etin**i-tin**in2a
kepa(a +em)a pi"ak ata+ +)m,an*an 2an* +an*at ,e+ar ,a*i pen*em,an*an +tan(ar
ini$
.akarta'1 De+em,er 1986
DIREKTUR .ENDERA% PENGAIRAN
Ir$ =$&)(ar2k
@ii
PENGANTAR
&tan(ar Perencanaan Iri*a+i ini te!a" (i+iapkan (an (i+)+)n (a!am : ke!mpk :
1$ Kriteria Perencanaan
7$ Gam,ar Ban*)nan Iri*a+i
:$ Per+2aratan Tekni+
Kriteria Perencanaan ter(iri ata+ 9 ,a*ian' ,eri+i in+tr)k+i' &tan(ar (an pr+e()r
,a*i perencana (a!am merencanakan iri*a+i tekni+$ Kriteria Perencanaan ter(iri ata+ 9
,)k) ,eri+ikan kriteria perencanaan tekni+ )nt)k Perencanaan Iri*a+i D&2+tem
P!annin*E' Perencanaan Ban*)nan Iri*a+i .arin*an Utama (an .arin*an Ter+ier'
Parameter Ban*)nan (an &tan(ar Pen**am,aran$
Gam,ar Ban*)nan Iri*a+i ter(iri ata+ 7 ,a*ian' 2ait): Tipe Ban*)nan Iri*a+i'
2an* ,eri+i k)mp)!an *am,ar-*am,ar cnt" +e,a*ai in>rma+i (an mem,erikan
*am,aran ,ent)k (an m(e! ,an*)nan$ &tan(ar Ban*)nan Iri*a+i 2an* ,eri+i
k)mp)!an *am,ar-*am,ar ,an*)nan 2an* te!a" (i+tan(ar(i+a+i (an !an*+)n* ,i+a
(ipakai$ Unt)k 2an* pertama' perencana ma+i" "ar)+ me!ak)kan )+a"a k")+)+ ,er)pa
ana!i+i+' per"it)n*an (an pen2e+)aian (a!am perencanaan tekni+$
Per+2aratan Tekni+ ter(iri ata+ 8 ,a*ian' ,eri+i +2arat-+2arat tekni+ 2an*
minima! "ar)+ (ipen)"i (a!am merencanakan pem,an*)nan Iri*a+i$ Tam,a"an
per+2aratan (im)n*kinkan ter*ant)n* kea(aan +etempat (an keper!)ann2a$
Me+kip)n &tan(ar Perencanaan Iri*a+i ini' (en*an ,ata+an-,ata+an (an +2arat
,er!ak)n2a +eperti tert)an* (a!am tiap ,a*ian ,)k)' te!a" (i,)at +e(emikian +e"in**a
+iap pakai' )nt)k pereka2a+a 2an* ,e!)m memi!iki ,an2ak pen*a!aman' tetapi (a!am
penerapann2a ma+i" memer!)kan ka/ian teknik (ari pemakain2a$ Den*an (emikian
+iapa p)n 2an* akan men**)nakan &tan(ar ini ti(ak akan !epa+ (ari tan**)n*
/a0a,n2a +e,a*ai perencana (a!am merencanakan ,an*)nan iri*a+i 2an* aman (an
mema(ai$
&etiap ma+a!a" (i !)ar ,ata+an-,ata+an (an +2arat ,er!ak)n2a &tan(ar ini' "ar)+
(ipeca"kan (en*an kea"!ian k")+)+ (an1ata) !e0at kn+)!ta+i k")+)+ (en*an ,a(an-
,a(an 2an* (it)*a+kan me!ak)kan pem,inaan keiri*a+ian' 2ait) :
1$ Direktrat Iri*a+i I
7$ Direktrat Iri*a+i II
:$ P)+!it,an* Air
<a! 2an* +ama /)*a ,er!ak) ,a*i ma+a!a"-ma+a!a"' 2an* me+kip)n ter!etak (a!am
,ata+-,ata+ (an +2arat ,er!ak)n2a &tan(ar ini' memp)n2ai tin*kat ke+)!itan (an
kepentin*an 2an* k")+)+$
@iii
&em*a &tan(ar Perencanaan Iri*a+i ini ,i+a ,erman>aat (an mem,erikan
+)m,an*an (a!am pen*em,an*an iri*a+i (i In(ne+ia$ Kami +an*at men*"arapkan
kritik (an +aran )nt)k per,aikan ke ara" ke+emp)rnaan &tan(ar ini$
.akarta' 1 De+em,er 1986
Ir$ &e0a+n
iF
DAFTAR ISI
Hal
1. PENDAHULUAN
1$1 Um)m $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ 1
1$7 &i+tem &I $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ 1
1$: Per+2aratan (an K(e Praktek$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ 1
2. BAHAN BANGUNAN
7$1 Per+2aratan Ba"an$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ 7
7$7 &i>at-+i>at Ba"an Ban*)nan$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ 7
7$7$1 Berat #!)me$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ 7
7$: Tana"
7$:$1 &i+tem k!a+i>ika+i tana" men)r)t
Uni>ie( &i! C!a++i>icatin &2+tem$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ :
7$:$7 &ta,i!ita+ !eren*$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ 6
7$:$: Da2a ()k)n* tana" ,a0a" )nt)k
Pn(a+i$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ 11
7$:$8 Pen)r)nan tana" (a+ar$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ 1:
3. TEGANG RENCANA
:$1 Be,an $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ 18
:$1$1 Be,an mati$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ 18
:$1$7 Be,an "i()p$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ 18
:$7 Tekanan Tana" (an Tekanan %)mp)r $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ 19
:$7$1 Tekanan tana"$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ 19
:$7$7 Tekanan !)mp)r$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ 7;
:$: Tekanan Air $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ 71
:$:$1 Tekanan "i(r+tatik$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ 71
:$:$7 Tekanan "i(r(inamik$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ 77
:$:$: Rem,e+an$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ 77
:$8 Be,an aki,at Gempa$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ 78
:$6 Km,ina+i Pem,e,anan$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ :7
:$6 Te*an*an ICin (an Gaktr Keamanan$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ ::
:$6$1 Te*an*an iCin$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ ::
:$6$7 Gaktr keamanan$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ ::
4. PASANGAN BATU DAN BATA MERAH
8$1 Um)m $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ :8
8$7 Bat) $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ :8
8$: Mrte! $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ :6
F
5. BETON
6$1 K!a+i>ika+i $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ :6
6$7 &i>at-+i>at Betn$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ :8
6$: T)!an*an $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ :8
6$8 Ana!i+i+ Kek)atan Bata+ Betn Bert)!an*$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ :9
6$8$1 Nta+i $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ :9
6$8$7 Pen**)naan *ra>ik )nt)k perencanaan$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ 81
6$8$: Bata+an $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ 88
DAFTAR PUSTAKA $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ 61
LAMPIRAN 1 $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ 6:
LAMPIRAN 2 $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ 66
Fi
DAFTAR GAMBAR
Gambar Uraian hal
7$1 K)r@e-k)r@e Ta2!r )nt)k +ta,i!ita+ tan**)!
D(ari Capper' 1996E$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ 9
7$7 Met(e iri+an )nt)k per"it)n*an +ta,i!ita+
%eren*$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ 8
7$: Gaktr->aktr (a2a ()k)n*: ,e,an *ari+
(ekat perm)kaan D(ari Capper' 1996E$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ 1;
7$8 Ptn*an tana"$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ 1:
:$1 M)atan Bina Mar*a )nt)k BM 1;; Dm)atan TE$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ 16
:$7 M)atan 4DH Bina Mar*a )nt)k BM 1;;$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ 16
:$: Te*an*an +ampin* akti> (an pa+i>' cara
pemeca"an Rankine: DaE akti> D,E pa+i>$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ 18
:$8 Tekanan akti> DaE (an pa+i> D,E men)r)t
Rankine$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ 19
:$6 Tekanan air pa(a (in(in* te*ak$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ 71
:$6 Ga2a tekan ke ata+$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ 77
:$9 Tekanan "i(r(inamik$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ 77
:$8 .a!)r rem,e+an antara ,an*)nan (an
Tana" (i +ekitarn2a$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ 78
:$9 Kn+tr)k+i /arin*an a!iran men**)nakan
Ana!* !i+trik$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ 76
:$1; Ga2a tekan ke ata+ pa(a pn(a+i ,en()n*$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ 76
:$11 Met(e an*ka rem,e+an %ane$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ 79
:$17 Daera"-(aera" Gempa (i In(ne+ia DBaratE$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ 79
:$1: Daera"-(aera" Gempa (i In(ne+ia DTen*a"E$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ :;
:$18 Daera"-(aera" Gempa (i In(ne+ia DTim)rE$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ :1
8$1 B!k-,!k ,at) can(i$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ :6
6$1 Ptn*an +e*i empat ,er(a+arkan !ent)r
M)rni$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ :9
6$7 Ptn*an +e*i empat ,er(a+arkan !ent)r
Den*an *a2a nrma!$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ :9
6$: Ptn*an >!en+ +empit 2an* (ian**ap +e,a*ai
Ptn*an +e*i empat ek)i@a!en$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ 8;
6$8 Gra>ik )nt)k ana!i+i+ kek)atan ,ata+
ptn*an ,a/a ,ert)!an*$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ 86
Fii
DAFTAR TABEL
Tabel Uraian hal
7$1 Berat @!)me ma++a D
E$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ :
7$7 K!a+i>ika+i tana" +i+tem ke!mpk$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ 6
7$: &tan(ar +arin*an A$&$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ 6
7$8 Met(e Bi+"p I mema+)kkan per"it)n*an ke
Da!am ,ent)k ta,e! DCapper' 1996E$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ 1;
7$6 Bent)k te!apak pn(a+i$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ 11
7$6 <ar*a-"ar*a perkiraan (a2a ()k)n* iCin
D(i+a()r (ari Briti+" &tan(ar( C(e >$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ 17
Practice CP 7;;8E
7$9 M()!)+ kemampatan$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ 1:
:$1 M)atan 4TH$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ 16
:$7 M)atan 4DH$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ 16
:$: Ke>i+ien ke/)t$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ 19
:$8 <ar*a-"ar*a ke>i+ien te*an*an akti> K
a
)nt)k (in(in* mirin* ka+ar (en*an perm)kaan
tana" (atar1"ri+nta!$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ 19
:$6 <ar*a-"ar*a ke>i+ien te*an*an pa+i> K
p

Unt)k (in(in* mirin* ka+ar (en*an perm)kaan
Tana" (atar$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ 19
:$6 <ar*a-"ar*a
(an c$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ 7;
:$9 <ar*a-"ar*a minim)m an*ka rem,e+an
%ane DC
1
E$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ 78
:$8 Ke>i+ien /eni+ tana"$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ 78
:$9 Peri(e )!an* (an percepatan (a+ar *empa ac$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ :7
:$1; Km,ina+i pem,e,anan DPUBI 1987E$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ :7
:$11 Gaktr keamanan M
t
1M
*
G
*
JE ter"a(ap *)!in*$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ ::
:$17 Gaktr keamanan ter"a(ap *e!incir r1r G
+
JJE$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ :8
6$1 K!a+i>ika+i ,etn$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ :6
6$7 Te*an*an-te*an*an iCin$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ :9
6$: Te*an*an-te*an*an iCin pa(a ,a/a$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ :8
6$8 Pen)t)p ,etn minim)m$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ :8
6$6 Tran+>rma+i )nt)k (aera" tekan +e*i empat
Ek)i@a!en ptn*an >!en+$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ 8;
6$6 In(ek+ ,a/a tarik minim)m K
min
$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ 86
Fiii
DAFTAR TABEL
Tabel Uraian hal
6$9 In(ek+ !en*an (a!am mak+im)m
) maF
$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ 86
6$8 In(ek+ *a2a tarik minim)m$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ 89
6$9 Gaktr t)!an*an mak+im)m )nt)k ,a!k$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ 89
6$1; Gaktr t)!an*an mak+im)m )nt)k ,an*)nan 2an*
Memakai *a2a-*a2a +ampin*$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ 88
6$11 %e,ar minim)m ,a!k D(!m cmE )nt)k : +ampai 9
Batan* t)!an*an (a!am +at) (eret )nt)k pen)t)p
Betn 7 cm (an ,e*e! ,er(iameter 8 mm$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ 88
6$17 (ata-(ata t)!an*an$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ 89
6$1: %)a+ ,atan* t)!an*an (a!am cm
7
)nt)k
%e,ar pe!at 1;; cm$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ 6;
A$7$1 Mmen !em,am (an mmen ta"an D+ectin
M()!e+E )nt)k ,er,a*ai ptn*an me!intan*$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ 66
A$7$7 Data )nt)k ,er,a*ai !etak pem,e,anan$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ 69
Fi@
1. PENDAHULUAN
1.1 Umum
Kriteria Perencanaan Ba*ian Parameter Ban*)nan ini mer)pakan ,a*ian
(ari &tan(ar Perencanaan Iri*a+i (ari Direktrat .en(era! Pen*airan$
&tan(ar Kriteria Perencanaan ter(iri (ari ,)k)-,)k) ,erik)t :
KP - ;1 Perencanaan .arin*an Iri*a+i
KP - ;7 Ban*)nan Utama
KP - ;: &a!)ran
KP - ;8 Ban*)nan
KP - ;6 Petak Ter+ier
KP - ;6 Parameter Ban*)nan
KP - ;9 &tan(ar Pen**am,aran$
Kriteria Perencanaan ini (it)n/an* (en*an :
- Gam,ar-*am,ar &tan(ar Perencanaan'
- Per+2aratan )nt)k Pen*)k)ran' Pen2e!i(ikan (an Perencanaan'
- B)k) Pet)n/)k Perencanaan$
Kriteria Perencanaan ini mem,erikan (ata-(ata (a+ar (an (a>tar +tan(ar-
+tan(ar 2an* ,i+a (iterapkan (i In(ne+ia 2an* (iper!)kan )nt)k peren-
canaan (an per"it)n*an ,an*)nan (i +)at) /arin*an iri*a+i$
1.2 Sistem SI
&e!)r)" +at)an 2an* (i*)nakan (a!am !apran ini men*ik)ti &i+tem
Internatina! &I D&2+teme Internatina! (HUnite+E$ A*ar !e,i" m)(a"
(i*)nakan !e" para pereka2a+a 2an* +)(a" ter,ia+a (en*an +i+tem !ama'
+at)an-+at)an (an "ar*a-"ar*a tertent) akan (i,eri per+amaan1keteran*an
men)r)t +i+tem !ama$ Da!am %ampiran 1 (i,erikan +e,)a" ta,e! 2an*
men)n/)kkan "),)n*an antara +at)an-+at)an )k)ran &I Metrik (an
In**ri+$
1.3 Persyaratan dan Kode Praktek
Unt)k perencanaan ,an*)nan (an +a!)ran (i,erikan ,e,erapa &tan(ar
Per+2aratan Ba"an (an K(e Praktek )nt)k met(e per"it)n*an (an
pem,e,anan 2an* "ar)+ (i*)nakan-
Da>tar kep)+takaan pa(a ak"ir !apran ini mem,erikan ,an2ak +eka!i
,a"an pa(a !apran ini (i +ampin* ,e,erapa ,)k) 2an* mene!aa"
per"it)n*an-per"it)n*an perencanaan )nt)k ,a"an-,a"an 2an* +erin*
(ipakai +eperti mi+a!n2a ,etn t)!an*an' ,a/a (an tana"$
1
2. BARANG BANGUNAN
2.1 Persyaratan Bahan
Ba"an-,a"an ,an*)nan 2an* cck +)(a" (iteran*kan (en*an /e!a+ (a!am
,ent)k per+2aratan-per+2aratan$ Di ,a0a" ini (i,erikan (a> tarn2a :
1$ PUBI-1982 Per+2aratan Um)m Ba"an Ban*)nan (i In(ne+ia$
PUBI-1987 mem,erikan per+2aratan )nt)k 116 macam ,a"an
,an*)nan$
7$ NI-2 atau PBI 1971 Perat)ran Betn Bert)!an* In(ne+ia$ Ba*ian-
,a*ian (ari PBI-1991 mem,erikan per+2aratan ,a"an-,a"an 2an* (i-
pakai )nt)k pr()k+i ,etn (an t)!an*an' +eperti +emen' a*re*at' Cat
tam,a"an Da(miFt)re+E' air (an ,a/a t)!an*an$
:$ NI-7 &2arat-+2arat )nt)k Kap)r$
8$ NI-20 Perat)ran Tra+ (an &emen Mera"$
6$ NI-8 Perat)ran &emen Prt!an($
6$ NI-1 Bata Mera" +e,a*ai Ba"an Ban*)nan$
9$ NI-5 atau PKKI-1961 Perat)ran Kn+tr)k+i Ka2) In(ne+ia
8$ NI-13 Perat)ran Bat) Be!a"$
9$ SII &tan(ar In()+tri In(ne+ia' a(a!a" +tan(ar )nt)k ,er,a*ai ,a"an
2an* ter+e(ia (i pa+aran In(ne+ia$
2-2 Sifat-sifat Bahan Bangunan
Unt)k t)/)an Kriteria Perencanaan' (a!am pa+a!-pa+a! ,erik)t ini akar'
(i/e!a+kan +i>at-+i>at k")+)+ ,e,erapa /eni+ ,a"an pentin* 2an* (ipakai (i
(a!am kn+tr)k+i /arin*an iri*a+i$
7$7$1 Berat @!)me
Berat @!)me 2an* akan (i*)nakan )nt)k per"it)n*an
perencanaan (i,erikan pa(a Ta,e! 71 Berat @!)me (a!am ta,e!
ini a(a!a" men)r)t PPI-1983 ata) NI-18 DPerat)ran Pem,e,anan
In(ne+ia )nt)k Ge()n*E$ Berat @!)me L DkN1m
:
E a(a!a" ,erat
@!)me ma++a
Dk*1m
:
E ka!i percepatan *ra@ita+i * Dm1(t
7
E$
7
2.3 Tanah
7$:$1 &i+tem k!a+i>ika+i tana" men)r)t Uni>ie( &i! C!a++i>icatin
&2+tem
Uni>ie( &i! C!a++i>icatin &2+tem (iperkena!kan !e" U& &i!
Cn+er@atin &er@ice DDinar Kn+er@a+i Tana" (i A$&$M &i+tem ini
(i*)nakan )nt)k men*k!a+i>ika+i tana" )nt)k t)/)an-t)/)an
teknik$ &i+tem ini (i(a+arkan pa(a i(enti>ika+i tana" men)r)t
)k)ran partike!' *ra(a+i' in(ek+ p!a+ti+ita+ (an ,ata+ cair$ Gra(a+i
(an )k)ran partike! (itent)kan (en*an ana!i+i+ +arin*an Da2akE$
Bata+-,ata+ cair (an p!a+ti+ (itent)kan me!a!)i pen*)/ian (i
!a,ratri)m (en*an men**)nakan met(e-met(e +tan(ar$
&i+tem ini memi!iki ciri-ciri 2an* menn/!' 2akni :
- &e(er"ana$ A(a 17 macam ,a"an 2an* akan (iker/akan !e"
a"!i : empat ,a"an ,er,)tir ka+ar' empat ,a"an ,er,)tir "a!)+
(an empat ,a"an camp)ran$ &e!ain it) ma+i" a(a ti*a ,a"an
r*anik !ainn2a 2an* memer!)kan per"atian k")+)+$ .a(i
+e!)r)"n2a a(a 16$
- &i+tem ini mem,erikan ke/e!a+an tentan* +i>at-+i>at >i+ik
pentin*' mi+a!n2a )k)ran' *ra(a+i' p!a+ti+ita+' kek)atan'
ke*eta+an' pten+i kn+!i(a+i (an +e,a*ain2a$
:
- An(ai &i>at-+i>at teknik 2an* (iper!e" (ari &i+tem ini +e+)ai
(en*an kea(aan +e,enarn2a$
Ta,e! 77 men2a/ikan k!a+i>ika+i tana" men)r)t &i+tem ini'
+e,a*aimana (i+a()r !e" U& B)rea) > Rec!amatin' U& Crp+
> En*ineer+ (an U& &i! Cn+er@atin &er@ice$
K!a+i>ika+i tana" men)r)t &i+tem NKe!mpk DUni>ie( &2+temE'
2an* (i(a+arkan pa(a >rak+i ,a"an min)+ : inci D96 mmE'
men**)nakan ")r)>-")r)> +e,a*ai +im,! +i>at-+i>at tana" +eperti
(it)n/)kkan (i ,a0a" ini$
Keriki! - G %emp)n* - C Br*anik - B
Pa+ir - & %ana) - M Gam,)t - Pt
Ber*ra(a+i ,aik - 0 Bata+ cair Tin**i - <
Ber*ra(a+i /e!ek- P Bata+ cair Ren(a"-11
8
6
Tana" 2an* memi!iki +i>at-+i>at teknik +er)pa men)r)t +i>at
peri!ak)n2a (i/a(ikan +at) ke!mpk$ Ma+in*-ma+in* ke!mpk
(i!)ki+kan (en*an ()a (ari +i>at-+i>at Dkarakteri+tikE (i ata+$ &i>at
teknik 2an* pa!in* pentin* (ari ke!mpk ini (icant)mkan pa(+
)r)tan pertama pa(+ (a>tar' kem)(ian +i>at terpentin* ,erik)tn2a
(i tempat ke()a$
Uk)ran-)k)ran +arin*an A$&$ DAmerika &erikatE (ipakai )nt)k
memi+a"kan ke!mpk-ke!mpk ,a"an (ari ke!mpk ,ak)
!ainn2a$ .eni+-/eni+ +arin*an pentin* ,e+erta )k)ran !),an*n2a
a(a!a":
7$:$7 &ta,i!ita+ !eren*
Unt)k pe(man pen(a")!)an perencanaan kemirin*an tan**)!
(apat (ipakai Bi!an*an &ta,i!ita+ Ta2!r$ Unt)k kemirin*an-
kemirin*an 2an* !e,i" pentin* (i,)t)"kan ana!i+i+ 2an* !e,i"
!en*kap' 2ait) (en*an met(e Iri+an Bi+"p DBi+"p met"( >
+!ice+E$
Gam,ar 71 men2a/ikan k)r@e Ta2!r' (i mana ,i!an*an &ta,i!ita+
N a(a!a" /)m!a" tak ,er(imen+i (an +ama (en*an :
(imana :
c O >aktr k"e+i' kN1m
7
G O >aktr keamanan DO1'7E
L O ,erat @!)me' kN1m
:
< O tin**i !eren*' m
6

Gam,ar 71 men)n/)kkan Bi!an*an &ta,i!ita+ +e,a*ai >)n*+i
kemirin*an DiE tan**)!' +)()t *e+ekan P (an >aktr ke(a!aman
)nt)k tana" (en*an P 2an* ren(a"$
Tan**)! 2an* (ipakai (i pr2ek iri*a+i ti(ak "ar)+ (irencana
)nt)k Dta"anE *empa karena tin**i (an )k)rann2a ti(ak men)nt)t
per+2aratan ini$
Met(e Iri+an Bi+"p
Cara 2an* !e,i" tepat )nt)k menent)kan !eren* tan**)! a(a!a"
(en*an men2e!i(iki ke+eim,an*an ma++a tana" 2an* cen(er)n*
+!ip (i +epan/an* !en*k)n* perm)kaan ,i(an* pata"an D!in*karan
+!ipE$ Den*an cara men*a(akan ,e,erapa pen2e!i(ikan ter"a(ap
kem)n*kinan a(an2a perm)kaan pata"an' maka perm)kaan +!ip
2an* pa!in* ,er,a"a2a ,i+a (item)kan' 2ait) perm)kaan 2an*
>aktr keamanann2a memp)n2ai "ar*a teren(a"$
Da!am met(e Bi+"p' iri+an (ari te,a! +at)an' 2akni @!)me 2an*
cen(er)n* +!ip' (i,a*i-,a*i men/a(i iri+an-iri+an @ertika! D!i"at
Gam,ar 7$7E$
9
Ma+in*-ma+in* iri+an pa(a Gam,ar 7$7 DaE' (en*an tin**i " (an
!e,ar , a(a!a" +eim,an* ter"a(ap ,eker/an2a ke!ima *a*a 2an*
(it)n/)kkan pa(a Gam,ar 7$7 D,M$
Ga2a-*a2a 2an* (imak+)( ia!a" :
DiE ,erat iri+an' ? O L " c+ 3
(i mana :
? O ,erat iri+an' kN
L O ,erat @!)me tana"' kN1m
:

" O tin**i iri+an' m
O !e,ar iri+an' m D O ,1c+ O , +ec E
O +)()t antara perm)kaan "ri+nta! (an perm)kaan
+!ip
DiiE reak+i nrma! N pa(a perm)kaan +!ip' 2an* ter(iri (ari
reak+i antar ,)tir NN (itam,a" (en*an *a2a U aki,at tekanan
pri'
DiiiE *a2a tan*en T aki,at per!a0anan k"e+i> (an *e+ekan 2an*
ter/a(i pa(a perm)kaan +!ip :
8
(i mana :
cN Ote*an*an k"e+i> e>ekti>' kN1m
7
O!e,ar iri+an' m
NQ Ote*an*an nrma! e>ekti> pa(+ m)ka +!ip' kN1m
7
G O>aktr keamanan$
N O+)()t e>ekti> *e+ekan (a!am
Di@E (an D@E reak+i antar iri+an E
n
(an E
n R 1
Da!am met(e Bi+"p' *a2a-*a2a antar iri+an (ian**ap +e,a*i
"ri+nta! (an knn ke+a!a"an 2an* (itim,)!kan !e" a+)m+i
+e(er"ana ini ti(ak akan !e,i" (ari +at) per+en$
Unt)k +em,aran* iri+an' (en*an men*)raikan *a2a it) +ecara
@ertika!'
? O N c+ R T +in S$$ D7:E
(an
T O + 1 G $S D7$8E
(i mana :
+ O te*an*an *e+er' kN1m
7
t O !e,ar iri+an' m
G O >aktr keamanan$
Tekanan nrma! pa(a m)ka iri+an a(a!a"
9
Per+amaan ini "ar)+ (ipeca"kan )nt)k G (en*an men*"it)n*
"ar*a +ecara ,er)r)tan$ Per"it)n*an ini pa!in* e>ekti> /ika
(i+a/ikan (a!am ,ent)k ta,e! D!i"at Ta,e! 7-8E$
1;
7$:$: Da2a ()k)n* tana" ,a0a" )nt)k pn(a+i
Da2a ()k)n* (apat (icari (ari r)m)+ ,erik)t D(ari TerCa*"iE :
K
)
O c N
c
R L C N
K
R , L B N
L
E $$S 71; E
(i mana :
K
)
O (a2a ()k)n* ,ata+' kN1m
7
c O k"e+i' te*an*an k"e+i>' kN1m
7
N
c
' N
K
(an N
L
' a(a!a" >aktr->aktr (a2a ()k)n* tak ,er(imen+i
(i,erikan pa(a Gam,ar 7$:
:
B O !e,ar te!apak pn(a+i' m
(an
>aktr tak ,er(imen+i' (i,erikan pa(a Ta,e! 7$6

C O ke(a!aman pn(a+i (i ,a0a" perm)kaan' m$
Be+arn2a (a2a ()k)n* iCin ,i+a (icari (ari :
(i mana :
K
a
O (a2a ()k)n* iCin' kN1m
7
K
)
O (a2a ()k)n* ,ata+' kN1m
7
G O >aktr keamanan D7 +ampai :E
:
C O ke(a!aman pn(a+i (i ,a0a" perm)kaan tana"' m$
<ar*a-"ar*a perkiraan (a2a ()k)n* iCin (i+a/ikan pa(a Ta,e! 7$6$
11
17
7$:$8 Pen)r)nan tana" (a+ar
Pen)r)nan (apat (iperkirakan (en*an men**)nakan r)m)+
!*aritmik TerCa*"i ,erik)t :
"

k
R
k
C O ---- J 1
n
-----------
k
(i mana:
C O pen)r)nan' m
11 O te,a! !api+an 2an* (apat (imampatkan D(ipa(atkanE' m
C O m()!)+ kemampatan tak ,er(imen+i
ak O te*an*an ,)tiran a0a! (i ten*a" !api+an' kN1m
7
kO tam,a"an te*an*an ,)tir aki,at ,e,an (i perm)kaan'

kN1m
7
$
1:
3. TEGANGAN RENCANA
3.1 Beban
:$1$1 Be,an mati
Be,an mati ter(iri (ari :
aE ,erat ,an*)nan
,E +e!)r)" ,e,an tetap1permanen pa(a ,an*)nan$
Unt)k ,erat @!)me (apat (ipakai an*ka-an*ka pa(a Ta,e! 7$1
:$1$7 Be,an "i()p
Be,an "i()p a(a!a" ,e,an 2an* ti(ak akan ,eker/a ter)+-mener)+
pa(a kn+tr)k+i$ Da!am per"it)n*an +e,aikn2a (ipakai
kem)n*kinan pem,e,anan 2an* pa!in* ti(ak men*)nt)n*kan
D)n>a@)ra,!eM$ Be,an "i()p ter(iri (ari DaE ,e,an ken(araan (an
D,E ran*' "e0an$
DaE Be,an Ken(araan
Unt)k pem,e,anan !e" ken(araan' akan (iik)ti per+2aratan
2an* (itent)kan (ari Bina Mar*a DPerat)ran M)atan )nt)k
.em,atan .a!an Ra2a' N$ 171199;E$
Pem,e,anan )nt)k ke!a+-ke!a+ ini a(a!a" +e,a*ai ,erik)t :
Ke!a+ I BM 1;; DO 1;;T (ari m)atan T (an D men)r)t
Perat)ran M)atan )nt)k .em,atan .a!an Ra2a N$
171199; Bina Mar*aE'
Ke!a+ II BM 9; DO 9;T (ari i(emE
Ke!a+ III BM 6; DO 6;T (ari i(emE
18
16
.a!an ra2a terma+)k ke!a+ I' II ata) III' +e(an*kan /a!an in+pek+i
terma+)k ke!a+ II ata) III$ .a!an-/a!an keci! +eperti /a!an petani (an
/a!an +etapak' ti(ak terma+)k ke (a!am k!a+i>ika+i ini$
Ta,e! :$1 mem,erikan rincian m)atan T )nt)k /a!an-/a!an ke!a+ I -
III' (an Ta,e! D men2a/ikan rincian m)atan 5D5$
16
Ke>i+ien ke/)t pa(a-$,an*)nan 2an* terpen(am ,er*ant)n*
kepa(a ke(a!aman tana" 2an* men)t)pn2a +eperti 2an*
(it)n/)kkan pa(a Ta,e! ::$
D,E Be,an ran*1"e0an
Be,an ran*1"e0an (iam,i! +e,a*ai 6;; k*>1m
7
)nt)k
,an*)nan +e,a*ai ,e,an mener)+$ Unt)k ,e,an terp)+at
Dpint !a(in*E' (iam,i! 8; k*> )nt)k ran* (an "ar*a 2an*
+e+)ai )nt)k "e0an$
3.2 Tekanan Tanah dan Tekanan Lumpur
:$7$1 Tekanan tana"
Tekanan +ampin* 2an* (ipakai (a!am perencanaan ,an*)nan
pena"an (i"it)n* (en*an men**)nakan cara pemeca"an men)r)t
Rankine$
19
Men)r)t cara pemeca"an Rankine' tekanan +ampin* akti> (an
pa+i> a(a!a" :
*a*a tekan : E
a
O U K
a
L <
1
7
- 7 c <
1
K a
S$$ D:$7 E
Dacti@e t"r)+tE
ta"anan pa+i> : E
p
O U K
p
L <
7
7
R 7 c <
7
K p
S$$ D:$:E
(i mana :
E
a
O tekanan akti>' kN1m
E
p
O ta"anan pa+i>' kN1m
K
a
O ke>i+ien te*an*an akti> D!i"at Ta,e! :$8E
K
p
O ke>i+ien te*an*an pa+i> D!i"at Ta,e! :-6E
:
<
1
O tin**i tana" )nt)k tekanan akti>' m
<
7
O tin**i tana" )nt)k tekanan pa+i>' m
c O k"e+i' kN1m7$
18
Arti +im,!-+im,! 2an* (ipakai (a!am Ta,e! :$8 (an :$6 +erta
Gam,ar :$8 a(a!a" :
19
O kemirin*an ,a*ian ,e!akan* (in(in*
O +)()t *e+ekan antara tana" (an (in(in*
O +)()t *e+er (a!am$

Be,erapa "ar*a )nt)k ,er,a*ai /eni+ tana" (i,erikan pa(a Ta,e!
:$6 ,erik)t )nt)k (ipakai +e,a*ai cnt" +a/a$ <ar*a-"ar*a 2an*
+e+)n**)"n2a "ar)+ (iper!e" (ari !apan*an (an !a,ratri)m$
:$7$7 Tekanan !)mp)r
Tekanan !)mp)r 2an* ,eker/a ter"a(ap m)ka ")!) ,en()n* ata)
ter"a(ap pint) (apat (i"it)n* +e,a*ai ,erik)t :
(i mana:
P
+
O *a2a 2an* ter!etak pa(a 71: ke(a!aman (ari ata+ !)mp)r
2an* ,eker/a +ecara "ri+nta!
L
+
O ,erat !)mp)r' kN1m
" O (a!amn2a !)mp)r' m
O +)()t *e+ekan' (era/at$
Be,erapa an**apan (apat (i,)at +eperti ,erik)t :
G - 1
7;
L
+
O L
+
D ------- E D:-6E
G
(i mana:
L
+
O ,erat @!)me ke2in* tana" 16 kN1m
:
DO 16;; k>*1m
:
E
G O ,erat /eni+ ,)tir O 7'66
men*"a+i!kan L
+
O 1; kN1m
:
DO 1;;; k*>1m
:
E
&)()t *e+ekan (a!am' 2an* ,i+a (ian(aikan :;
)nt)k ke,an2akan
"a!' men*"a+i!kan :
P
+
O 1'69 "
7
S$$ D:-6E
3.3 Tekanan Air
:$:$1 Tekanan "i(r+tatik
Tekanan "i(r+tatik a(a!a" >)n*+i ke(a!aman (i ,a0a" perm)kaan
air (an +ama (en*an :
P
<
O L
0
C S$ D:$9E
(i mana :
P
<
O tekanan "i(r+tatik' kN1m
7

L
0
O ,erat @!)me air' kN1m
:
D 1;E
C O /arak (ari perm)kaan air ,e,a+' m$
Ga2a tekan ke ata+ D)p!i>tE 2an* ,eker/a pa(a !antai ,an*)nan
a(a!a" +ama (en*an ,erat @!)me air 2an* (ipin(a"kan !e"
,an*)nan$
71
:$:$7 Tekanan "i(r(inamik
<ar*a pa+ti )nt)k *a2a "i(r(inamik /aran* (iper!)kan karena
pen*ar)"n2a keci! +a/a pa(a /eni+ ,an*)nan 2an* (i*)nakan (i
/arin*an iri*a+i$ Prin+ip *a2a "i(r(inamik a(a!a" ,a"0a /ika
kecepatan (atan* Dapprac" @e!cit2E c)k)p tin**i (an !e" +e,a,
it) tin**i ener*i ,e+ar' maka akan ter(apat tekanan 2an* makin
,e+ar pa(a ,a*ian-,a*ian (in(in* D!i"at Gam,ar :$9E$
:$:$: Rem,e+an
Rem,e+an ata)' perk!a+i air me!a!)i tana" (i +ekitar ,an*)nan
(iaki,atkan !e" ,e(a tin**i ener*i pa(a ,an*)nan it)$
Pa(a Gam,ar :$8 (it)n/)kkan ()a macam /a!)r rem,e+an 2an*
m)n*kin ter/a(i: DAE /a!)r rem,e+an (i ,a0a" ,an*)nan (an DBE
/a!)r rem,e+an (i +epan/an* +i+i ,an*)nan$
77
Perk!a+i (apat men*aki,atkan "a!-"a! ,erik)t :
DaE tekanan ke ata+ D+tatikE
D,E er+i ,a0a" tana"1pipin* Dkn+entra+i a!iran 2an*
men*aki,atkan ke"i!an*an ,a"anE
DcE tekanan a!iran D(inamikE$
Rem,e+an (apat mem,a"a2akan +ta,i!ita+ ,an*)nan$
a$ Ga2a tekan ke ata+
Ga2a tekan ke ata+ pa(a tana" ,a0a" (apat (item)kan (en*an
mem,)at /arin*an a!iran D>!0netE' ata) (en*an a+)m+i-
a+)m+i 2an* (i*)nakan !e" %ane )nt)k teri an*ka rem,e+an
D0ei*"te( creep t"er2E
a$! .arin*an a!iran
.arin*an a!iran (apat (i,)at (en*an:
D1E p!t (en*an tan*an
D7E ana!* !i+trik ata)
D:E men**)nakan met(e n)meri+ Dn)merica! met"(E
pa(a kmp)ter$
Da!am met(e ana!* !i+trik' a!iran air me!a!)i tana" ,a0a"
(i,an(in*kan (en*an a!iran !i+trik me!a!)i me(an !i+trik (a2a-
antar kn+tan$ Be+arn2a
7:
78
@!ta+e +e+)ai (en*an tin**i pie+metrik' (a2a-antar (en*an
ke!)!)+an tana" (an a!iran !i+trik (en*an kecepatan air D!i"at
Gam,ar :9E$ Bia+an2a p!t (en*an %an*an 2an* (i!ak)kan
(en*an +ek+ama akan c)k)p mema(ai$
a$7 Teri an*ka rem,e+an %ane
Da!am teri an*ka rem,e+an %ane' (ian(aikan ,a"0a
,i(an* "ri+nta! memi!iki (a2a ta"an ter"a(ap a!iran
Drem,e+anE : ka!i !e,i" !ema" (i,an(in*kan (en*an
,i(an* @ertika!$
Ini (apat (ipekai )nt)k men*"it)n* *a2a tekan ke ata+ (i
,a0a" ,an*)nan (en*an car+ mem,a*i ,e(+ tin**i
enerAi pa(a ,an*)nan +e+)ai (en*an pan/an* re!ati> (i
+epan/an* pn(a+i D!i"at Gam,ar :$1;E$
Da!am ,ent)k r)m)+' ini ,erarti ,a"0a *a2a an*kat pa(a
titik F (i +epan/an* (a+ar ,an*)nan (apat (ir)m)+kan
+e,a*ai ,erik)t:
%
F
P
F
O <
F
- ----- < $$$$$$$ D:$8E
%
(i mina :
P
F
O *a2a an*kat pa(a F ' k*1m
7
% O pan/an* tta! ,i(an* kntak ,an*)nan (an tana"
,a0a"' m
%
F
O /arak +epan/an* ,i(an* kntak (ari ")!) +ampai F'
m
< O ,e(a tin**i ener*i' m
<
F
O tin**i ener*i (i ")!) ,en()n*' m$
76
(an (i mana % (an %
F
a(a!a" /arak re!ati> 2an* (i"it)n*
men)r)t cara %ane' ,er*ant)n* kepa(a ara" ,i(an*
ter+e,)$
Bi(an* 2an* mem,ent)k +)()t 86V ata) !e,i" ter"a(ap
,i(an* "ri+nta!' (ian**ap @ertika!$
,$ &ta,i!ita+ ter"a(ap er+i ,a0a" tana" Dpipin*E
Ban*)nan-,an*)nan 2an* "ar)+ men*ata+i ,e(a tin**i m)ka
air "en(akn2a (icek +ta,i!ita+n2a ter"a(ap er+i ,a0a" tana"
(an ,a"a2a r)nt)" aki,at naikn2a (a+ar *a!ian D"ea@eE ata)
reka"n2a pan*ka! "i!ir ,an*)nan$
Ba"a2a ter/a(in2a er+i ,a0a" tana" (apat (icek (en*an /a!an
mem,)at /arin*an a!iran1>!0net D!i"at pa+a! :$:$:$a$1E (an
(en*an ,e,erapa met(e empiri+' +eperti :
- Met(e B!i*"
- Met(e %ane' ata)
- Met(e K+"!a
76
Met(e %ane' 2an* /)*a (i+e,)t met(e an*ka rem,e+an
%ane D0ei*"te( creep rati met"(E' a(a!a" cara 2an*
(ian/)rkan )nt)k mencek ,an*)nan *)na men*eta")i a(an2a
er+i ,a0a" tana"$ Met(e ini mem,erikan "a+i! 2an* aman
(an m)(a" (ipakai$ Unt)k ,an*)nan-,an*)nan 2an* re!ati>
keci!' met(e-met(e !ain m)n*kin (apat mem,erikan "a+i!-
"a+i! 2an* !e,i" ,aik' tetapi pen**)naann2a !e,i" +)!it$
Met(e %ane (ii!)+tra+ikan pa(a Gam,ar :$1$; (an
meman>aatkan Ta,e! 6$6$ Met(e ini mem,an(in*kan
pan/an* /a!)r rem,e+an (i ,a0a" ,an*)nan (i +epan/an*
,i(an* ,an*)nan tana" ,a0a" (en*an ,e(a tin**i m)ka air
antara ke()a +i+i ,an*)nan$
Di +epan/an* /a!)r perk!a+i ini' kemirin*an 2an* !e,i" c)ram
(ari 86V (ian**ap @ertika! (an 2an* k)ran* (ari 86V (ian**ap
"ri+nta!$ .a!)r @ertika! (ian**ap memi!iki (a2a ta"an
ter"a(ap a!iran : ka!i !e,i" k)at (aripa(a /a!)r "ri+nta!$
B!e" karena it)' r)m)+n2a a(a!a" :
%
@
R 11: %
"
C% O ------------------ SS D:$9E
<
(i mana :
C
%
O An*ka rem,e+an %ane D!i"at Ta,e! :$9E
%
@
O /)m!a" pan/an* @ertika!' m
E %
<
O /)m!a" pan/an* "ri+nta!' m
< O ,e(a tin**i m)ka air' m$
79
3.4 Beban akibat Gempa
Gaktr->aktr ,e,an aki,at *empa 2an* akan (i*)nakan (a!am
perencanaan ,an*)nan-,an*)nan pen*airan (i,erikan (a!am ,ent)k peta
2an* (iter,itkan !e" DPMA (a!am ta")n 1981 (en*an /)()! : Peta Wna
&ei+mik )nt)k Perencanaan Ban*)nan Air Ta"an Gempa5$ Peta ter+e,)t
(irepr()k+i !a*i +eperti tampak pa(a Gam,ar :$17' :$1: (an :$18$ Pa(a
peta it) p)!a)-p)!a) (i In(ne+ia (i,a*i men/a(i 6 (aera" (en*an
parameter *empa 2an* ,er,e(a-,e(a$
Ke>i+ien *empa (apat (i"it)n* (en*an men**)nakan r)m)+ ,erik)t :
a
(
O n Da
c
J CE
m
' S$$ D:$1;E
a
(
E O ----- S$$ D:$11E
*
(i mana :
a
(
O percepatan *empa rencana' cm1(t
7
n' m O ke>i+ien )nt)k /eni+ tana" D!i"at Ta,e! :$8E
a
c
O percepatan ke/)t (a+ar' cm1(t
7
D)nt)k "ar*a per peri(e )!an*
!i"at Ta,e!-:$9E$
E O ke>i+ien *empa
* O percepatan *ra@ita+i' cm1(t
7
D 98;E
C O >aktr 2an* ,er*ant)n* kepa(a !etak *e*ra>i+ DKe>i+ien Wna
!i"at Gam,ar :$17' :$1: (an :$18E$
78
79
:;
:1
Gaktr *empa E 2an* (icari (ari r)m)+ (an peta (i ata+ (ipakai (a!am
per"it)n*an +ta,i!ita+ (i mana >aktr it) "ar)+ (ika!ikan (en*an ,erat
+en(iri ,an*)nan (an (ipakai +e,a*ai *a2a "ri+nta!$
3.5 Kombinasi Pembebanan
Ta,e! :$1; men)n/)kkan km,ina+i pem,e,anan (an kenaikan (a!am
te*an*an iCin rencana$
Da!am Ta,!e :$1; :
M O Be,an mati
< O Be,an "i()p
K O Be,an ke/)t
T O Be,an tana"
T"
n
O Tekanan air nrma!
T"
,
O Tekanan air +e!ama ,an/ir
G O Be,an *empa
&
+
O Pem,e,anan +ementara +e!ama pe!ak+anaan
:7
3.6 Tegangan Izin dan Faktor Keamanan
:$6$1 Te*an*an iCin
Te*an*an iCin )nt)k ,etn D,ert)!an*M ,a/a (an ka2) (i)raikan
(a!am +tan(ar per+2aratan (i ,a0a" ini :
D1E PBI-1971 (NI-2) Perat)ran Betn Bert)!an* In(ne+ia
D7E VOSB-1963 Perat)ran-perat)ran Perencanaan Ban*)nan
Kn+tr)k+i Ba/a (an PPBBI-1983 Perat)ran Perencanaan
Ban*)nan Ba/a In(ne+ia D.em,atan (an Ban*)nanE
D:E PKKI-1961 (NI-5) Perat)ran Kn+tr)k+i Ka2) In(ne+ia$
Unt)k pa+an*an' te*an*an-te*an*an iCin a(a!a" :
- pa+an*an ,at)

(
O 9 N1mm
7
DO 9 k*>1cm
7
E
- pa+an*an ,ata mera"

(
O 7'6 N1mm
7
DO76 k*>1cm
7
E
- ti(ak ,!e" a(a te*an*an tarik pa(a ,an*)nan (ari pa+an*an$
:$6$7 Gaktr keamanan
DaE <ar*a-"ar*a >aktr keamanan ter"a(ap ,a"a2a *)!in*
D@ert)rnin*E (i,erikan pa(a Ta,e! :$11 )nt)k ,er,a*ai
km,ina+i pem,e,anan +eperti 2an* (it)n/)kkan pa(a Ta,e!
:$1;$
D,E <ar*a-"ar*a >aktr keamanan ter"a(ap *e!incir D+!i(in*E G
+
(i,erikan pa(a Ta,e! :$17 )nt)k ,er,a*ai km,ina+i
pem,e,anan$
::

DcE Gaktr keamanan ter"a(ap *a2a tekan ke ata+ +e,aikn2a
(iam,i! antara 1'1 (an 1'6$
4. PASANGAN BATU DAN BATA MERAH
4.1 Umum
Pa+an*an' k")+)+n2a pa+an*an ,at)' +erin* (ipakai )nt)k pem,)atan
,an*)nan-,an*)nan iri*a+i (an pem,)an*$ Ba"an-,a"an ini memp)n2ai
ke!e,i"an-ke!e,i"an pentin* (i,an(in*kan (en*an ,a"an-,a"an !ain'
mi+a!n2a :
- a0et
- kn+tr)k+i +e(er"ana' (apat (iker/akan !e" para peker/a +eten*a"-
+eten*a" terampi!
- para kntraktr te!a" ter,ia+a (en*an pen**)naan ,a"an ini
- m)ra" /ika ,at) ,i+a (i(apat (i tempat kn+tr)k+i$
Da!am ,a*ian-,a*ian ,erik)t akan (i,erikan +pe+i>ika+i pkk ,a"an
ter+e,)t$
4.2 Batu
Pa+an*an 2an* (ipakai )nt)k ,an*)nan-,an*)nan iri*a+i ter)tama (i,)at
(ari ,at) ka!i ata) ,at) *a!ian (an ka(an*-ka(an* ,at) kra!$ Bata mera"
(ipakai (i (aera"-(aera" (i mana /aran* ter(apat ,at) a!amia"' +e(an*kan
,ata mera" m)(a" (i(apat$ Bata mera" /)*a m)n*kin (ipakai )nt)k
mem,)at ,an*)nan-,an*)nan keci! (i petak-petak ter+ier (i mana
pa+an*an ,ata mera" akan !e,i" cck )nt)k )k)ran kn+tr)k+i 2an*
(iper!)kan$ &tan(ar 2an* (apat (iterapkan )nt)k ,a"an-,a"an ini a(a!a"
N.I. 13 DBat) Be!a"E' N.I. 10 DBata Mera"E (an PUBI-1982 DPer+2aratan
Um)m Ba"an Ban*)nan (i In(ne+iaE$
:8
<ar*a kek)atan tekan ,at) a!amia" 2an* akan (i*)nakan )nt)k pa+an*an
,at) men)r)t PUBI-1987 a(a!a" 8;-16; N1mm
7
D8;; -16;; k*>1cm
7
E$
Kek)atan rata-rata ,ata mera" a(a!a" 7'6 - 76 N1mm
7
D76 - 76; k*>1cm
7
E
)nt)k ,ata mera" ke!a+ 76 +ampai 76;$
A(a tipe k")+)+ pa+an*an ,at)' 2akni pa+an*an (ari ,at) can(i 2an* pa(a
pkkn2a ,er)pa ,at)-,at) peca"an 2an* (ipa+an* rapat )nt)k men*-
"a+i!kan perm)kaan 2an* a0et (an ta"an *er)+an Da,ra+iE$ Tipe pa+an*an
ini (ipakai +e,a*ai !api+an perm)kaan )nt)k ,en()n* pe!impa" (an
,an*)nan-,an*)nan !ain 2an* terkena a!iran cepat 2an* men*an*k)t
+e(imen ka+ar$
Gam,ar 81 men)n/)kkan ,!k-,!k ,at) 2an* (ipakai )nt)k ,at) can(i
Gambar 4.1 Blok-blok batu candi
.eni+-/eni+ ,at) 2an* (ipakai +e,a*ai ,a"an )nt)k mem,)at ,at) can(i
ia!a" : an(e+it' ,a+a!' (a+it' (ia,a+e' (irit' *a,r' *ranit (an *ran-(irit$
4.3 Mortel
A(a ,er,a*ai mrte!Ia()kan 2an* (ipakai )nt)k peker/aan pa+an*an'
2akni :
DaE Unt)k pa+an*an ,at) can(i :
- 1 +emen : 7 pa+ir )nt)k ,a*ian 2an* akan terkena kntak
!an*+)n* (en*an a!iran air
- 1 +emen : : +ampai 8 pa+ir )nt)k mrte! 2an* ti(ak terkena
kntak !an*+)n* (en*an a!iran$
:6
D,E Unt)k pa+an*an ,at) 2an* !ain :
- 1 +emen : 7 pa+ir )nt)k kn+tr)k+i ,erkek)atan tin**i3
- 1 +emen : : pa+ir )nt)k mrte! 2an* terkena kntak !an*+)n*
(en*an a!iran air' (an
- 1 +emen : 8 pa+ir )nt)k pn(a+i (an ,a*ian-,a*ian 2an* ti(ak
terkena kntak (en*an a!iran air$
Unt)k kn+tr)k+i-kn+tr)k+i 2an* terkena kntak (en*an air !a)t' +emen
2an* (ipakai "en(akn2a +emen Prt!an( ke!a+ # 2an* ta"an +)!>at$
5. BETON
5.1 Klasifikasi
Betn "ar)+ (ipakai (an (irencana +e+)ai (en*an per+2aratan 2an*
tercant)m (a!am Perat)ran Betn Bert)!an* In(ne+ia' PBI-1971 ata)
NI-2$ PBI-1971 memakai k!a+i>ika+i ,etn +eperti 2an* (i,erikan pa(a
Ta,e! 6$1$
Betn (en*an mutu B 0 (ipakai )nt)k pen*e(apan D,!in(in*E (an !antai
ker/a$ Camp)rann2a "ar)+ pa!in* ti(ak 1 +emen : 8 a*re*at Dkeriki! (an
pa+ir (icamp)rE$
Mutu B 1 (ipakai )nt)k ,etn t)m,)k (a!am pn(a+i (an tim,)nan3
camp)rann2a (apat (iam,i! 1: 7: : ata)$ 1: 1'6 : 7'6 D+emen : pa+ir :
keriki!E$
Mutu K 125 (ipakai )nt)k ,etn-ma++a (i (a!am t),)" ,en()n* ata)
(in(in* pena"an 2an* ,e+ar$ Unt)k m)t) ini camp)ran ,i+a (iam,i!
+eperti )nt)k m)t) B 1$
:6
:9
K 175 (ipakai )nt)k ,an*)nan-,an*)nan ,ert)!an* 2an* (icetak (i tem-
pat1!apan*an (an camp)rann2a "ar)+ +e+)ai (en*an per+2aratan 2an*
(i,erikan (a!am PBI-1991$
K 225 (ipakai )nt)k ,a*ian-,a*ian 2an* ,erkek)atan tin**i +eperti
,an*)nan ata+ /em,atan ata) pipa-pipa pracetak$ camp)rann2a +e+)ai
(en*an ketent)an (a!am PBI-1991$
5.2 Sifat-sifat Beton
Te*an*an-te*an*an iCin )nt)k ,er,a*ai m)t) ,etn (an tipe pem,e,a+an
(i,erikan pa(a Ta,e! 6$7
M()!)+ e!a+ti+ita+ )nt)k +em)a ke!a+ ,etn a(a!a" 1'8 J 1;
8
N1mm
7
D1'8
O 1;
6
k*>1cm
7
E' +e(an*kan ke>i+ien ek+pan+i !inier a(a!a": 1'1 J 1;
-6
1
C
5.3 Tulangan
Pen)t)p ,etn +e,aikn2a (iam,i! +eperti 2an* (i,erikan pa(a Ta,e! 6$8$
Di !in*k)n*an 2an* kr+i>' mi+a!n2a ,an*)nan-,an*)nan 2an* kena
kntak !an*+)n* (en*an air !a)t' air a!ka!i ata) tana"' "ar*a-"ar*a (ari
Ta,e! 6$8 +e,aikn2a (itam,a" (en*an 1; mm$
Pen)t)p ,etn "en(akn2a /an*an (iam,i! k)ran* (ari ,e+arn2a (iameter
,atan*-,atan* t)!an*an$
:8
5.4 Analisis Kekuatan Batas Beton Bertulang
Perat)ran Betn Bert)!an* In(ne+ia DPB1-1971E memper,!e"kan
pen**)naan met(e kek)atan ,ata+ )nt)k perencanaan ,etn ,ert)!an*$
Karena men*ac) kepa(a perencanaan 2an* !e,i" eknmi+' met(e ini
!e,i" +e+)ai (aripa(a met(e-n e!a+tik kn@en+ina!$
Unt)k t)/)an-t)/)an perencanaan' (i +ini (irepr()k+i ,e,erapa ta,e! (an
*ra>ik (ari +e,)a" artike! 2an* (it)!i+ !e" ?iratman ?an*+a(inata'
5Ultimate Strength Analsis o! "ein!orced #oncrete SectionsH 2an*
(iter,itkan (a!am Insinur Indonesia' 1997 N$ 11: A 816 )nt)k /eni+
,an*)nan 2an* (ipakai (i /arin*an iri*a+i$
6$8$1 Nta+i
Da!am Gam,ar 6$1 (an 6$7 (it)n/)kkan nta+i-nta+i 2an* akan
(i*)nakan pa(a Ta,e! (an Gra>ik ,a*ian ini$
Ptn*an >!en+ ,i+a (ian**ap +e,a*ai ptn*an +e*i empat ek)i@a!en
(en*an men**)nakan Gam,ar 6$: (an Ta,e! 6$6$ Unt)k 2
)
X 1'76 t'
ana!i+i+n2a mirip (en*an ana!i+i+ )nt)k ptn*an +e*i empat' (an !e,ar
,a*ian tekan "en(akn2a (iam,i! +ama (en*an !e,ar e>ekti> >!en+$ DUnt)k
!e,ar e>ekti> ptn*an >!en+' !i"at pa+a! 1;$8 (ari PBI-1971M$
:9
Unt)k 2
)
Y 1'76 t (an ,
m
1,
6 (apat (i*)nakan Ta,e! 6$6 )nt)k

memperkirakan !e,ar ek)i@a!en$ Unt)k men**)nakan ta,e! ter+e,)t kita
memperkirakan
)
*)na memper!e" , +ampai )nt)k "ar*a-"ar*a t1"
(an ,
m
1,
2an* +)(a" (iketa")i$ Bi!a ptn*an >!en+ +e!an/)tn2a (ian**ap

+e,a*ai ptn*an +e*i empat (en*an !e,ar ,' maka ana!i+i+n2a "ar)+
men)n/)kkan ke,enaran
)
2an* (iperkirakan' ka!a) ti(ak ana!i+i+ "ar)+
(i)!an*i !a*i (en*an
)
2an* +)(a" (ikrek+i$
8;
6$8$7 Pen**)naan *ra>ik )nt)k perencanaan
Den*an mempertim,an*kan ,ata+-,ata+ 2an* (i,erikan pa(a pa+a!
6$8$:' pen**)naan *ra>ik pa(a Gam,ar 6$8 (apat (irin*ka+ +e,a*ai
,erik)t :
Perencanaan :
<it)n*!a" C
)
(ari :
81
Perkiraan ' (en*an meper"it)n*kan +2arat ke,)t)"an !iat
D()cti!it2 reK)irement+E ata) "ar*a mmen !a0an$ Ma+)kkan
"ar*a-"ar*a K (an
)
$ Unt)k !ent)r m)rni "it)n*!a" ,a/a tarik
+ecara !an*+)n* (ari
&e(an*kan )nt)k !ent)r (en*an *a2a nrma!' "it)n*!a" i (a")!)
(ari :
(an +e!an/)tn2a ,a/a tarik (ari :
Unt)k !ent)r (en*an *a2a tekan nrma!' ptn*an it) pa(a
ak"irn2a "ar)+ (icek apaka" (en*an t)!an*an 2an* (iper!e"'
ke!)!)"an D>ai!)reE it) ,enar-,enar (ikntr! !e" tarikan' (en*an
men**)nakan :
Apa,i!a )nt)k !ent)r (en*an *a2a tekan nrma! (iper!)kan
t)!an*an +imetri+' maka (ian/)rkan )nt)k men*"it)n* t)!an*an
+ecara !an*+)n* (ari :
87
(an
B)kann2a men**)nakan met(e-i 2an* m)!ai (en*an
Per+amaan
+ekaran* "ar)+ (ipakai )nt)k mencek tipe (ari ke!)!)"an$ .ika
ptn*an >!en+ (ipertim,an*kan' maka an(aikan (a")!)
)
X 1'76
t1" (an an**ap!a" ptn*an ter+e,)t +e,a*ai ptn*an +e*i empat
(en*an !e,ar ,
m
$ Cek apaka" (ari ,a*an it)
)
1'76 t1" )nt)k C
)
(an 2an* +)(a" (iketa")i .ika (emikian ana!i+i+ (apat
(i!an/)tkan3 /ika ti(ak' perkirakan
)
)nt)k men(apatkan (ari
Ta,e! 6$6 )nt)k t1" (an ,
m
1,
2an* +)(a" (iketa")i$ &e!an/)tn2a'

an**ap ptn*an ter+e,)t +e,a*ai ptn*an +e*i empat (en*an
, O
,
m
S$ D616E
Dari ,a*an cek!a" ke,enaran "ar*a perkiraan
)
)nt)k C
)
(an
2an* +)(a" (iketa")i Ka!a) )) +)(a" +e+)ai (en*an "ar*a 2an*
(iperkirakan' maka ana!i+i+ ,i+a (i!an/)tkan3 /ika ti(ak' pr+e()r
it) "ar)+ (i)!an*i !a*i (en*an "ar*a
)
2an* +)(a" (ikrek+i$
Pengecekan
Unt)k !ent)r m)rni "it)n*!a" K (ari Per+amaan D6$:E3 )nt)k !ent)r
(en*an *a2a nrma! perkirakan (a")!)
)
)nt)k men(apatkan i
(ari Per+amaan D6$6E' !a!) "it)n*!a" K (ari Per+amaan D6$6E$
<it)n*!a" (ari Per+amaan D6$8E ata) Per+amaan D6$9E$
Ma+)kkan ke (a!am ,a*an K (an 2an* +)(a" (iketa")i )nt)k
8:
memper!e" C
)
(an
)
$ Unt)k !ent)r (en*an *a2a nrma!'
)
2an* (i(apat "ar)+ +e+)ai (en*an "ar*a perkiraan' ka!a) ti(ak'
maka pr+e()r "ar)+ (i)!an*i !a*i m)!ai (en*an "ar*a
)
2an*
+)(a" (ikrek+i$ Kapa+ita+ ,ata+ mmen (i(apat (ari Per+amaan
D6$1E ata) Per+amaan D6$8E )nt)k !ent)r m)rni (an (ari Per+amaan
D6$7E ata) Per+amaan D6$9E )nt)k !ent)r (en*an *a2a nrma!$
Unt)k !ent)r (en*an *a2a tekan nrma!' "ar)+ (icek apaka"
ke!)!)"an ,enar-,enar (i kntr! !e" tarikan (en*an
men**)nakan Per+amaan D6$1;E Bi!a )nt)k !ent)r (en*an *a2a
tekan nrma! t)!an*ann2a +imetri+' maka "ar)+ (ipakai Per+amaan
D6$18E )nt)k mencek tipe (ari ke!)!)"an$ Da!am "a! ini (ian/)rkan
)nt)k +ecara !an*+)n* men*"it)n* kapa+ita+ mmen ,ata+ (ari
Per+amaan D6$11E (an Per+amaan D6$17E' ini !e,i" ,aik (aripa(a
men**)nakan met(e-i 2an* m)!ai (en*an Per+amaan D6$1:M .ika
(ipertim,an*kan +)at) ptn*an >!en+' maka "ar)+ (iik)ti
pr+e()r 2an* +ama +eperti )nt)k perencanaan$
6$8$: Bata+an
Ta,e! 6$6 (an 6$9 mem,erikan in(ek+ ,a/a tarik minim)m K
min
(an
!en*an (a!am mak+im)m
) mak+
$
%i"at *ra>ik DGam,ar 6$8E )nt)k memper!e" pen/e!a+an men*enai
K
min
(an
) mak+
$
88
86
86
89
88
89
6;
DAFTAR PUSTAKA
Capper'P$%$ A Ca++ie'?$G' T"e Mec"anic+ > En*ineerin* &i!+' EA G$N$ &pn %t('
%n(n' 1996$
Direktrat Pen2e!i(ikan Ma+a!a" Ban*)nan' B)k) Pe(man Perencanaan )nt)k
&tr)kt)r Bctn Bert)!an* Bia+a (an &tr)kt)r Tem,k Bert)!an* )nt)k Ge()n*' 198:'
D/k Unt)n* &e(ar+n/r' Kn+tr)k+i .a!an Ra2a' Ba(an Pener,it Peker/aan
Um)m' .akarta' 1988$
Na+ren Ri@ai'M'Ir' Ka2) +e,a*ai ,a"an ,an*)nan' =a2a+an$ Pen2e!i(ikan Ma+a!a"
Ban*)nan' Ban()n*' 1999$
NI-7 DPBI-1991M' Perat)ran Bctn Bert)!an* In(ne+ia' D&peci>icatin+ >r rein>rce(
cncreteM
NI-6 DPKKI-1961' Perat)ran Kn+tr)k+i Ka2) In(ne+ia' D&peci>icatin+ >r tim,er
cn+tr)ctinM
NI-9' &2arat-+2arat )nt)k kap)r' D&peci>icatin+ >r !imeM
N188 Perat)ran +emen prt!an(' D&peci>icatin+ >r Prt!an( cementM
NI-1;' Bata mcra"- +e,a*ai ,a"an ,an*)nan' DBrick a+ cn+tr)ctin materia!Z
NI-1:' Perat)ran ,at) ,e!a"'D&peci>icatin+ >r +tne+M
NI-18 DPPI-198:1 Perat)ran Pem,e,anan In(ne+ia )nt)k Ge()n*' DIn(ne+ian
!a(in* +peci>icatin+ >r ,)i!(in*+
NI-7;' Perat)ran tra+ A +emen mera"' D&peci>icatin+ >r tran+ an( re( cement
PPBBI-198:' Perat)ran-perat)ran perencanaan ,an*)nan ,a/a In(en+ia'
D&peci>icatin+ >pr t"e (e+i*n > +tee! ,)i!(in* +tr)ct)re+E$
PUBI-1987' Per+2aratan Um)m ,a"an Ban*)nan (i In(ne+ia' DGenera!
&peci>icatin+ >r Cn+tr)ctin Materia!+ in In(ne+iaE$
&)tami' Kn+tr)k+i Betn In(ne+ia' Ba(an Pener,it Peker/aan Um)m' .akarta' 1991$
61
#B&B-196:' Perat)ran-perat)ran )nt)k merencanakan /em,atan kn+tr)k+i ,a/a$
?iratman ?an*+a(inata/r' U!timate &tren*t" Ana!2+i+ > Rein>rce( Cncrete
&ectin+' In+in2)r In(ne+ia' 1997 N$ 11: A 816$
?iratman ?an*+a(inata/r' Keamanan Kn+tr)k+i (a!am Per"it)n*an Betn
D+e"),)n*an (en*an perat)ran ,etn ,ert)!an* In(ne+ia 199;E' 2a2a+an %PMB'
Ban()n*' 1988$
?iratman ?an*+a(inata'Ir' Per"it)n*an %ent)r (en*an cara 5n5 D(i+e+)aikan kepa(a
perat)ran ,etn ,ert)!an* In(ne+ia 1991E' =a2a+an %PMB' Ban()n*' 1999$
?iratman ?an*+a(inata/r' Teri kek)atan Bata+ +e,a*ai -kriteri)m ,arn ,a*i ana!i+a
kn+tr)k+i' DU!timate !a( t"er2 a+ a ne0 (e+i*n criterin >r t"e ana!2+i+ >
+tr)ct)re+E' 1968$
67
LAMPIRAN 1
6:
68
LAMPIRAN 2
66
66
69
68
69
6;
61
67
6:
68

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KRITERIA PERENCANAAN

BAGIAN PARAMETER BANGUNAN

>aktr tak ,er(imen+i' (i,erikan pa(a Ta,e! 7$6

kO tam,a"an teanan ,)tir aki,at ,e,an (i perm)kaan'

O +)()t *e+er (a!am$

6 (apat (i*)nakan Ta,e! 6$6 )nt)k

2an* +)(a" (iketa")i$ Bi!a ptn*an >!en+ +e!an/)tn2a (ian**ap

2an* +)(a" (iketa")i$ &e!an/)tn2a'

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